CN102425211A - Method for reasonably using domestic water in drainage basin - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for reasonably using domestic water in a drainage basin, which comprises the following specific steps: investigating and analyzing the current situation and the change trend of population growth, water resource development and utilization and water utilization efficiency in the drainage basin; analyzing the characteristics of population change in the watershed, and calculating the proportion of rural population and urban population by combining the characteristics of the upstream and downstream; analyzing the difference characteristics of the upstream and downstream water use efficiency of the watershed and calculating the difference characteristic index of the upstream and downstream water use efficiency; constructing a binary structure model to calculate the water-based damping coefficient for the watershed; and calculating the water use basic coefficient of the drainage basin in different horizontal years, drawing a change curve of the water use basic coefficient of the drainage basin, and further totally evaluating the fair and reasonable conditions of the water use of the drainage basin to serve for planning and managing water resources of the drainage basin. The water consumption coefficient model for the binary structure established by the invention has comprehensive and accurate water consumption evaluation result and high reliability, and can effectively reflect the fair and reasonable use condition of the domestic water in the drainage basin.

Description

Rationally use the method for living water use in a kind of basin

Technical field

The invention belongs to the water resource application, rationally use the method for living water use in specifically a kind of basin.

Background technology

The fairness that the reasonable use matter of utmost importance of carrying out living water use is a water supply volume, the fairness problem of water supply volume are the most basic problems during the water yield is distributed, and the vital interests that the direct relation people masses are the most real are key problems of sustainable utilization of water resource.Along with the quickening of China's Development of China's Urbanization, shortage of water resources has become the important restraining factors of China's sustainable development of socio-economy, the uncertainty of global warming in addition, and the water resource imbalance between supply and demand of following China will be more outstanding.Therefore, how to guarantee the limited water fair allocat, become the important component part of development people's livelihood water conservancy, and be directly connected to sustainable utilization of water resource.

For a long time, income of residents distribution disparity is the economics research focus always.Statistician's Lorentz proposed famous Lorentz curve in 1905.Thereafter; Italy economist Geordie calculates the index of a reflection distribution of earnings equality degree according to Lorentz curve; Be called Gini coefficient (G); Also claim Lorentz coefficient, the roughly degree of the residents that this coefficient can reflect different incomes intuitively residing position and fairness in distribution in distribution of earnings, it distributes index of unequal degree to be widely used at aspects such as resource environment analysis, regional water soil resource The matching analysis, power schedulings as weighing.However, still do not have unified approach at present and calculate the Gini coefficient change procedure.

Water resource is limited; Therefore the water resource utilization must be satisfied the upper reaches and downstream, generation-inter-and for the justice of interior water and the justice of whole mankind's water in the basin; Particularly urban life and the requirement of life in the countryside water; Also carried out extensive studies in the reality, rationally used living water use just to seem in the basin and be even more important.Usually, the population ratio of safty of drinking water, fair coefficient or indexs such as weight, fair threshold function table are used in the fair research of water, but confirm that the subjectivity of these indexs is bigger, and the standard of different regions is also different, has brought inconvenience to practical application.

Summary of the invention

For different water family living water use problems such as basin upstream and downstream, cities and towns and rural area are carried out the overall evaluation; Service basin water resources management; Thereby realize the reasonable use to living water use, the present invention provides the method for rationally using living water use in a kind of basin, and this method is through extensively collecting aspect data such as population growth, water resources development and utilization in the basin; In conjunction with urban domestic water and life in the countryside water difference; Set up the water Gini coefficient computation model of diadactic structure, and then the fair and reasonable situation of overall assessment basin water, basin water resources planning and management served.

The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:

Rationally use the method for living water use in a kind of basin, it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:

1) population growth, water resources development and utilization and water-use efficiency present situation and variation tendency in the investigation and analysis basin;

2) analyze population change characteristic in the basin,, calculate people in the countryside, urban population ratio respectively in conjunction with the upstream and downstream characteristic;

3) analyze basin upstream and downstream water-use efficiency difference characteristic, calculate upstream and downstream water-use efficiency difference characteristic index; Wherein, upstream and downstream water-use efficiency difference characteristic index is δ and k, and wherein δ is town dweller and urban residents' Live Use Water Quota ratio, and k is the peak and the minimum ratio of urban domestic water quota;

4) make up diadactic structure Model Calculation basin water Gini coefficient G, with it as upper, middle and lower reaches, basin domestic consumption distributional equity property evaluation foundation; G=1-2B, wherein B is the bottom-right area of actual change curve among the Lorentz curve figure of population-domestic consumption,, design formulas is following:

Wherein P is a total population number in the basin, and S is the total population water supply volume, Q_rBe people in the countryside water consumption quota in the basin, Q_UlBe urban population water consumption quota in the basin, Q_UhBe the highest urban population water consumption quota in the basin, α_rBe the shared total population ratio of people in the countryside in the basin, α_UlFor water level in the basin is lower than the shared total population ratio of urban population of the high water usage level in basin, α_UhBe the shared total population ratio of water consumption quota largest portion urban population in the basin;

5) calculate different water basin in non-leap year water Gini coefficient, draw basin living water use Gini coefficient change curve, and then overall assessment basin water situation, realize the reasonable use of living water use in the basin.

Compared with prior art; The present invention has the following advantages: water basin combination resources development and utilization present situation; Living water use family, basin is divided into urban domestic water amount and life in the countryside water supply volume, through setting up the water Gini coefficient computation model of diadactic structure, different water user's water-use efficiencies of concentrated expression and total amount difference; And then the fair and reasonable situation of overall assessment basin water, serve basin water resources planning and management.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the Lorentz curve figure of population-domestic consumption of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is that binary of the present invention is with water-bound Gini coefficient computational short cut figure.

Fig. 3 is the Haihe basin water Gini coefficient change procedure that utilizes Gini coefficient model of the present invention to obtain.

Among the figure, the 1-living water use distributes absolute equality curve, 2-real life water distribution curve.

The specific embodiment

Be elaborated to rationally utilizing the living water use method in the basin of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Rationally utilize the method for living water use in a kind of basin; This method is through extensively collecting aspect data such as population growth, water resources development and utilization in the basin; In conjunction with urban domestic water and life in the countryside water difference; The diadactic structure Model Calculation water Gini coefficient that makes up, with it as basin domestic consumption distributional equity property evaluation foundation.Concrete steps are following:

1) population growth, water resources development and utilization and water-use efficiency present situation and variation tendency in the investigation and analysis basin;

2) analyze population change characteristic in the basin,, calculate people in the countryside, urban population ratio respectively in conjunction with the upstream and downstream characteristic;

3) analyze basin upstream and downstream water-use efficiency difference characteristic, calculate upstream and downstream water-use efficiency difference characteristic index;

4) according to the diadactic structure model that makes up, to the gap that different basins upstream and downstream water-use efficiency exists, calculating watershed water Gini coefficient is with its evaluation foundation of distributing as upper, middle and lower reaches, basin domestic consumption;

5) calculate different water basin in non-leap year water Gini coefficient change procedure, draw basin living water use Gini coefficient change curve, and then the fair situation of overall assessment basin water, basin water resources planning and management served.

Domestic consumption changes and the population change process in the basin through analyzing in the present invention, changes characteristics in conjunction with living water use family in the basin, sets up the Lorentz curve of population-domestic consumption in the basin, sees Fig. 1.

Can know that in conjunction with economics Gini coefficient notion Gini coefficient (G) is normally defined:

（1）

In the formula, the area between real revenue distribution curve and the distribution of earnings absolute equality curve is A, and real revenue distribution curve lower right area is B.The present invention introduces Gini coefficient method in the economics; Adopt the Gini coefficient method that domestic consumption fairness in distribution in the basin is studied; This moment, A was the area between real lifewater distribution curve 2 and the living water use distributionabsolute equality curve 1, and B is real lifewater distribution curve 2 lower right areas.

In conjunction with the Lorentz curve and the Gini coefficient computational methods of population-domestic consumption, can handy water base Buddhist nun's coefficient calculations following:

（2）

In the formula, A is the area that curve 0mn and straight line 0n surround, and B is the area that curve 0mn and 0Pmn surround.Can find out that Gini coefficient is directly related with B, so can get through calculating B.Therefore, calculate the water Gini coefficient, at first will find curve 0mn, then it carried out definite integral one time, obtain area B.

Consider the living water use characteristics, make up the diadactic structure model by urban domestic water and life in the countryside water and calculate.

expression people in the countryside (ten thousand people) among the figure;

representes urban population (ten thousand people);

representes total population (ten thousand people), satisfies:

（3）

In the formula;

expression water level is lower than the urban population (ten thousand people) of the high water usage level in basin, and

representes the basin water consumption quota largest portion urban population same period (ten thousand people).

,

,

to correspond to the population

,

,

the water quota (l / person day).Calculate for simplifying, the Changing Pattern of

to

is represented with linear function

.

Simultaneously; Introduce population factor of proportionality

expression population structure; Wherein,

,

,

represent that respectively dissimilar populations account for the ratio of total population.Can know by the population relation:

（4）

By the and

can be determined

is:

（5）

If the total population water supply volume is S; I.e.

area of surrounding, so S can be expressed as:

（6）

Simultaneously; For water consumption quota change curve

; If

is the water consumption quota variable; Then:

increases and increases gradually along with population, until S.Therefore;

along with the curve application point in the change procedure of P; And level off to 1 gradually, be equivalent to the curve 0m0 in the Lorentz curve.On this basis, to its integration, can obtain the area B that 0m0 surrounds, computational process is following:

（7）

Following formula is carried out abbreviation, has:

（8）

With its substitution Gini coefficient design formulas:

（9）

Establish town dweller and urban residents' Live Use Water Quota ratio again for; The highest and the minimum ratio of urban domestic water quota is

; That is:

,

, then

（10）

With its substitution (9) formula; And same to the molecule denominator except that

, can get:

（11）

According to the concrete applied analysis of said method:

1) aspect characteristics such as population growth, water resources development and utilization and water-use efficiency in the investigation and analysis Haihe basin are grasped basin population growth and domestic consumption variation relation;

2) analyze population change characteristic in the basin,, calculate people in the countryside, urban population ratio respectively in conjunction with the upstream and downstream characteristic.With 1980 be example, urban population 2,289 ten thousand people in the basin, people in the countryside 7,432 ten thousand people, otherness population (otherness population is meant that part of population that is higher than the average living water use index in cities and towns) 1,462 ten thousand people.

3) analyze basin upstream and downstream water-use efficiency difference characteristic, calculate upstream and downstream water-use efficiency difference characteristic index.With 1980 was example; 115 liters/people of basin urban population water consumption quota. day; 40 liters/people of people in the countryside water consumption quota. day; 169 liters/people of the highest urban population water consumption quota. day, he and then can calculates

=2.875,

=1.47.Town dweller and urban residents' Live Use Water Quota are than

: 115/40=2.875; The peak of urban domestic water quota and minimum are than: 169/115=1.47.

4) according to the diadactic structure Model Calculation basin water Gini coefficient that makes up, can get Gini coefficient G=0.2;

5) calculate different water basin in non-leap year water Gini coefficient; Draw basin living water use Gini coefficient change curve; It as upper, middle and lower reaches, basin domestic consumption distributional equity property evaluation foundation, is served basin water resources planning and management, thereby realize reasonable utilization living water use.As shown in Figure 3; All in all; Haihe basin living water use Gini coefficient is certain ascendant trend, shows that for many years the Haihe basin living water use is tending towards unfair development, and the water resource imbalance between supply and demand is becoming increasingly acute in this and the basin; Between the water user water contradiction strengthen relevant, with the basin in recent years excessively exploitation direct relation is arranged.The present invention can effectively assess basin different water water resources development in non-leap year situation, and the fair and reasonable behavior in service of living water use in the reflection basin will provide foundation for water resources management.

Claims (3)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种流域内合理使用生活用水的方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：1. A method for rationally using domestic water in a river basin, characterized in that: the method may further comprise the steps:1）调查分析流域内人口增长、水资源开发利用和用水效率现状和变化趋势； 1) Investigate and analyze the current status and changing trends of population growth, water resources development and utilization, and water use efficiency in the basin;2）分析流域内人口变化特征，结合上下游特征，得到农村人口、城镇人口比例；2) Analyze the characteristics of population changes in the basin and combine the upstream and downstream characteristics to obtain the proportion of rural population and urban population;3）分析流域上下游用水效率差异特征，得到上下游用水效率差异特征指数；3) Analyze the characteristics of the difference in water use efficiency between the upstream and downstream of the river basin, and obtain the characteristic index of the difference in water use efficiency between the upstream and downstream;4）构建二元结构模型，得到流域用水基尼系数；4) Construct a binary structure model to obtain the Gini coefficient of watershed water;5）根据不同水平年流域用水基尼系数，绘制流域生活用水基尼系数变化曲线，进而总体评价流域用水公平与合理情况，服务于流域水资源规划与管理。5) According to the Gini coefficient of water use in different levels of the basin, draw the change curve of the Gini coefficient of domestic water in the basin, and then make an overall evaluation of the fairness and rationality of water use in the basin, serving the planning and management of water resources in the basin.2.根据权利要求1所述的流域内合理使用生活用水的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中的上下游用水效率差异特征指数为δ和k，其中δ为城镇居民与农村居民生活用水定额比例，k为城镇生活用水定额的最高值与最低值比值。2. The method for rational use of domestic water in a watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the characteristic index of the difference in water efficiency between upstream and downstream in the step (3) is δ and k, where δ is urban residents and rural residents The ratio of the domestic water quota, k is the ratio of the highest value to the lowest value of the urban domestic water quota.3.根据权利要求1所述的流域内合理使用生活用水方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）中的流域用水基尼系数为G，G=1-2B，其中B为人口-生活用水量的洛伦兹曲线图中实际变化曲线右下方的面积，计算公式如下：3. The method for rationally using domestic water in the watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Gini coefficient of water in the watershed in the step (4) is G, where G=1-2B, where B is population-domestic water consumption The area on the lower right of the actual change curve in the Lorenz curve, the calculation formula is as follows:

其中P为流域内总人口数，S为总人口用水量，Q_r为流域内农村人口用水定额，Q_ul为流域内城镇人口用水定额，Q_uh为流域内最高城镇人口用水定额，α_r为流域内农村人口所占总人口比例，α_ul为流域内用水水平低于流域最高用水水平的城镇人口所占总人口比例，α_uh为流域内用水定额最大部分城镇人口所占总人口比例。Among them, P is the total population in the basin, S is the water consumption of the total population,_Qr is the water quota for the rural population in the basin, Q_ul is the water quota for the urban population in the basin,_Quh is the highest water quota for the urban population in the basin,_αr is The ratio of the rural population to the total population in the basin, α_ul is the proportion of the urban population whose water consumption level is lower than the maximum water consumption level in the basin to the total population, and α_uh is the proportion of the urban population with the largest water quota in the basin to the total population.

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