CN102402848A - Multipoint temperature and humidity remote measurement alarm device of straw stack - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种秸秆堆垛多点温湿度远程测量报警装置，它包括终端单片机模块、无线发送模块、无线接收模块、计算机和若干个测量单元；其中，若干个测量单元分别与终端单片机模块相连，终端单片机模块通过无线发送模块与无线接收模块与计算机通信；每个测量单元由温湿度传感器和单片机模块相连组成；本发明具有体积小，搭建简单，成本低廉，传输距离远，测量更科学等优点。

The invention discloses a multi-point temperature and humidity remote measurement and alarm device for straw stacking, which comprises a terminal single-chip microcomputer module, a wireless transmission module, a wireless receiving module, a computer and several measuring units; Connected, the terminal single-chip module communicates with the computer through the wireless sending module and the wireless receiving module; each measurement unit is composed of a temperature and humidity sensor connected to the single-chip module; the present invention has the advantages of small size, simple construction, low cost, long transmission distance, and more scientific measurement Etc.

Description

Translated fromChinese

秸秆堆垛多点温湿度远程测量报警装置Multi-point temperature and humidity remote measurement and alarm device for straw stacking

技术领域technical field

本专利涉及一种仓储货物实时测控装置，尤其涉及一种多点温湿度实时远程测量报警装置。This patent relates to a real-time measurement and control device for stored goods, in particular to a multi-point temperature and humidity real-time remote measurement and alarm device.

背景技术Background technique

《现代电子技术》杂志2005年第22期文章《基于nRF24E1的多点无线温湿度测量系统》介绍了一种多点温湿度测量系统的设计思想和实现过程。该方案的系统结构简单，可靠性高，数据传输速度快，功能易扩展，适用于多种应用领域温湿度的无线监测。但传感器与单片机间通过RS232通信协议通信，传输距离仅有15米，不能满足秸秆大面积堆放场地的需求。目前市面上销售的传感器变送器采用RS485通讯协议，通讯距离达1000米，但每个测量点需配一台，变送器体积大，价格昂贵，安装不便，对堆垛现场环境要求高。"Modern Electronic Technology" magazine 2005 No. 22 article "Multi-point Wireless Temperature and Humidity Measurement System Based on nRF24E1" introduces the design idea and implementation process of a multi-point temperature and humidity measurement system. The scheme has simple system structure, high reliability, fast data transmission speed, and easy function expansion, which is suitable for wireless monitoring of temperature and humidity in various application fields. However, the communication between the sensor and the microcontroller is through the RS232 communication protocol, and the transmission distance is only 15 meters, which cannot meet the needs of a large area of straw storage. Currently, the sensor transmitters sold on the market use the RS485 communication protocol, and the communication distance is up to 1000 meters. However, each measurement point needs to be equipped with one transmitter. The transmitter is large in size, expensive, inconvenient to install, and has high requirements for the stacking site environment.

中国专利CN101158604公开了一种温湿度测量装置，包括有温湿度测量部分（IIC传感器）、数据采集和处理部分、温湿度显示部分，该测量装置拥有响应速度快，测量精度高，可适用于高温低湿测量环境等特点。可应用于粮食、棉花、服装厂、丝织厂、化纤生产等需要测量控制温湿度的各种场合。但目前市面上的IIC协议传感器均不支持编址功能，因此，该方案并没解决多点实时监测问题；其各单元间的数据传输直接由TTL电平完成，故无法进行较远距离数据传输。Chinese patent CN101158604 discloses a temperature and humidity measurement device, including a temperature and humidity measurement part (IIC sensor), a data acquisition and processing part, and a temperature and humidity display part. Features such as low humidity measurement environment. It can be used in food, cotton, garment factories, silk weaving factories, chemical fiber production and other occasions that need to measure and control temperature and humidity. However, the current IIC protocol sensors on the market do not support the addressing function. Therefore, this solution does not solve the problem of multi-point real-time monitoring; the data transmission between each unit is directly completed by the TTL level, so long-distance data transmission cannot be performed. .

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于满足多点温湿度测量、数据远距离传输的要求，为秸秆发电站提供一种秸秆堆垛多点温湿度远程测量报警装置，本发明成本低、功耗低。The purpose of the present invention is to meet the requirements of multi-point temperature and humidity measurement and long-distance data transmission, and provide a multi-point temperature and humidity remote measurement and alarm device for straw stacking for straw power stations. The invention has low cost and low power consumption.

本发明的目的是通过如下方案来达到的：一种秸秆堆垛多点温湿度远程测量报警装置，它包括终端单片机模块、无线发送模块、无线接收模块、计算机和若干个测量单元；其中，若干个测量单元分别与终端单片机模块相连，终端单片机模块通过无线发送模块与无线接收模块与计算机通信；每个测量单元由温湿度传感器和单片机模块相连组成。The object of the present invention is achieved through the following scheme: a multi-point temperature and humidity remote measurement and alarm device for straw stacking, which includes a terminal single-chip microcomputer module, a wireless sending module, a wireless receiving module, a computer and several measuring units; wherein, several Each measuring unit is respectively connected with the terminal single-chip microcomputer module, and the terminal single-chip microcomputer module communicates with the computer through the wireless sending module and the wireless receiving module; each measuring unit is composed of a temperature and humidity sensor connected with the single-chip microcomputer module.

进一步地，所述测量单元的个数为8个，具体设置位置如下：秸秆堆垛中心设置第一测量单元，堆垛外缘设置第三测量单元，第一测量单元和第三测量单元的中点处设置第二测量单元，第一测量单元和第二测量单元的中点处设置第四测量单元, 第二测量单元和第三测量单元的中点处设置第五测量单元, 第一测量单元和第四测量单元的中点处设置第六测量单元, 第二测量单元和第四测量单元的中点处设置第七测量单元，第一测量单元和第六测量单元的中点处设置第八测量单元。Further, the number of the measuring units is 8, and the specific setting positions are as follows: the first measuring unit is set in the center of the straw stack, the third measuring unit is set on the outer edge of the stack, and the middle of the first measuring unit and the third measuring unit Set the second measurement unit at the point, set the fourth measurement unit at the midpoint of the first measurement unit and the second measurement unit, set the fifth measurement unit at the midpoint of the second measurement unit and the third measurement unit, and set the first measurement unit The sixth measurement unit is set at the midpoint of the fourth measurement unit, the seventh measurement unit is set at the midpoint of the second measurement unit and the fourth measurement unit, and the eighth measurement unit is set at the midpoint of the first measurement unit and the sixth measurement unit. unit of measurement.

本发明的有益效果是：1、体积小。测量单元及终端单片机模块，均为10×4mm控制电路，便于安装。2、搭建简单、成本低廉。本发明所采用的结构简洁，所用元件均为基本元器件，将各部分连线接好即可完成系统现场搭建。3、传输距离远。测量单元采用RS485信号通讯，传输距离可达1200m，无线模块传输距离可达800m，能满足大面积堆放的仓储货物测量系统的需要。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Small volume. The measurement unit and the terminal single-chip microcomputer module are both 10×4mm control circuits, which are easy to install. 2. Simple construction and low cost. The structure adopted in the present invention is simple, and the components used are all basic components, and the on-site construction of the system can be completed by connecting all parts. 3. Long transmission distance. The measurement unit adopts RS485 signal communication, the transmission distance can reach 1200m, and the transmission distance of the wireless module can reach 800m, which can meet the needs of the storage goods measurement system stacked in a large area.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的总体结构框图；Fig. 1 is an overall structural block diagram of the present invention;

图2是立方形秸秆堆垛的温度仿真结果图；Fig. 2 is the temperature simulation result diagram of cubic straw stacking;

图3是立方形秸秆堆垛的温度由内至外仿真分布图；Fig. 3 is a simulated distribution diagram of the temperature of the cubic straw stack from the inside to the outside;

图4是秸秆堆垛中设置的测量点分布图，图中，                                                为测量点；Fig. 4 is the distribution diagram of measuring points set in the straw stack, in the figure, is the measuring point;

图5是单个测量单元单片机程序流程图；Fig. 5 is a flow chart of single-chip microcomputer program of single measurement unit;

图6是终端单片机程序流程图；Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the terminal microcontroller program;

图7是测量单元中的单片机模块及终端单片机模块电路图。Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the single-chip microcomputer module and the terminal single-chip microcomputer module in the measuring unit.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1所示，本发明秸秆堆垛多点温湿度远程测量报警装置包括终端单片机模块、无线发送模块、无线接收模块、计算机和若干个测量单元。其中，若干个测量单元分别与终端单片机模块相连，终端单片机模块通过无线发送模块与无线接收模块与计算机通信。As shown in Fig. 1, the multi-point temperature and humidity remote measurement and alarm device for straw stacking of the present invention includes a terminal single-chip microcomputer module, a wireless sending module, a wireless receiving module, a computer and several measuring units. Among them, several measuring units are respectively connected with the terminal single-chip microcomputer module, and the terminal single-chip microcomputer module communicates with the computer through the wireless sending module and the wireless receiving module.

每个测量单元由温湿度传感器和单片机模块相连组成。温湿度传感器与单片机通过IIC协议通讯，各测量单元的单片机模块每隔一段时间发送一次测量请求信号，通过与其相连的温湿度传感器获得该点温湿度值并存储。各测量单元的单片机模块通过MAX485芯片将通讯转换为RS485信号，一同连到终端单片机模块上，以实现远距离通信。各测量点单片机模块各自有一个独一无二的地址值，终端单片机模块每隔一段时间向各测量单元的单片机模块轮流发送一次请求信号，按照各测量单元的单片机模块的地址分类存储各点的温湿度信息。终端单片机模块控制获取各测量单元的单片机模块传来的测量数据，然后关闭RS485信道，打开无线通讯通道，并将各点的地址信息及对应的温湿度数值信息通过无线传输方式传给上位计算机。上位计算机进行处理后，通过人机界面方便工作人员实时监测。Each measuring unit is composed of a temperature and humidity sensor connected with a single-chip microcomputer module. The temperature and humidity sensor communicates with the single-chip microcomputer through the IIC protocol. The single-chip microcomputer module of each measurement unit sends a measurement request signal at regular intervals, and the temperature and humidity value of the point is obtained and stored through the temperature and humidity sensor connected to it. The single-chip microcomputer module of each measurement unit converts the communication into RS485 signal through the MAX485 chip, and connects to the terminal single-chip microcomputer module together to realize long-distance communication. The single-chip microcomputer modules of each measurement point have a unique address value, and the terminal single-chip microcomputer module sends a request signal to the single-chip microcomputer module of each measurement unit in turn at regular intervals, and stores the temperature and humidity information of each point according to the address classification of the single-chip microcomputer module of each measurement unit . The terminal single-chip microcomputer module controls and obtains the measurement data from the single-chip microcomputer module of each measurement unit, then closes the RS485 channel, opens the wireless communication channel, and transmits the address information of each point and the corresponding temperature and humidity value information to the upper computer through wireless transmission. After processing by the upper computer, it is convenient for the staff to monitor in real time through the man-machine interface.

对立方形堆垛进行传热学仿真，得到图2所示结果：图2表示堆垛的四分之一，其左下角即为堆垛的中心，可看成为一热源。仿真得出立方体形堆垛中温度的分布情况，如图3所示：中心的温度变化率最大，且越往外越小，故靠近堆垛中心的位置需要设置更多的测量单元才能准确绘制其温度分布曲线；而堆垛外围，温度变化较小，曲线平滑，故不需要设置多个测量点。Carry out the heat transfer simulation on the cubic stack, and get the results shown in Figure 2: Figure 2 shows a quarter of the stack, and its lower left corner is the center of the stack, which can be regarded as a heat source. The temperature distribution in the cube-shaped stack is obtained by simulation, as shown in Figure 3: the temperature change rate in the center is the largest, and the temperature becomes smaller as it goes outward, so more measurement units need to be set near the center of the stack to accurately draw its temperature. The temperature distribution curve; on the periphery of the stack, the temperature change is small and the curve is smooth, so there is no need to set multiple measurement points.

综上所述，设计了图4所示的测量点分布方式：堆垛中心设置第一测量单元，堆垛外缘设置第三测量单元，第一测量单元和第三测量单元的中点处设置第二测量单元，第一测量单元和第二测量单元的中点处设置第四测量单元, 第二测量单元和第三测量单元的中点处设置第五测量单元, 第一测量单元和第四测量单元的中点处设置第六测量单元, 第二测量单元和第四测量单元的中点处设置第七测量单元, 第一测量单元和第六测量单元的中点处设置第八测量单元。经实验证实，按照如上所述的测量单元布置方式能够科学准确地测出秸秆堆垛内部温度的分布曲线。In summary, the distribution of measurement points shown in Figure 4 is designed: the first measurement unit is set in the center of the stack, the third measurement unit is set on the outer edge of the stack, and the midpoint between the first measurement unit and the third measurement unit is set The second measurement unit, the fourth measurement unit is set at the midpoint of the first measurement unit and the second measurement unit, the fifth measurement unit is set at the midpoint of the second measurement unit and the third measurement unit, the first measurement unit and the fourth measurement unit The sixth measurement unit is set at the midpoint of the measurement unit, the seventh measurement unit is set at the midpoint of the second measurement unit and the fourth measurement unit, and the eighth measurement unit is set at the midpoint of the first measurement unit and the sixth measurement unit. Experiments have proved that the distribution curve of the internal temperature of the straw stack can be scientifically and accurately measured according to the arrangement of the measurement units as described above.

图5为各测量单元中的单片机程序流程图。单片机等待计时器中断，到特定时刻时，开启与温湿度传感器的通信，获取测量信息，之后等待终端单片机信号中断，终端单片机发来信号后，将所测数据发给终端单片机。Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the single-chip microcomputer program in each measuring unit. The MCU waits for the timer to be interrupted. When a specific time is reached, it starts communication with the temperature and humidity sensor to obtain measurement information, and then waits for the terminal MCU signal to be interrupted. After the terminal MCU sends a signal, it sends the measured data to the terminal MCU.

图6为终端单片机程序流程图。单片机等待计时器中断，到特定时刻时，向各测量单元单片机轮流发出信号，然后接收各单片机发来的测量数据，并依次存储，之后打开无线发送模块，将数据通过无线发送模块依次发送出去。Figure 6 is a flowchart of the program of the terminal microcontroller. The single-chip microcomputer waits for the timer to be interrupted, and when the specific time is reached, it sends signals to each measurement unit single-chip microcomputer in turn, then receives the measurement data sent by each single-chip microcomputer, and stores them in turn, and then turns on the wireless transmission module, and sends the data through the wireless transmission module in turn.

图7所示电路图，既可用作终端单片机模块电路，亦可用作单个测量单元中单片机模块电路。用作前者时，接线端子P3端口与无线发送模块相连，接线端子P2端口悬空不用；用作后者时，接线端子P2端与温湿度传感器相连，接线端子P3端口悬空不用。接线端子P1端口为RS485通讯及供电端口，各测量单元的单片机与终端单片机连接所用。The circuit diagram shown in Figure 7 can be used not only as a terminal single-chip module circuit, but also as a single-chip microcomputer module circuit in a single measurement unit. When used as the former, the terminal P3 port is connected to the wireless transmission module, and the terminal P2 port is left unused; when used as the latter, the terminal P2 end is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor, and the terminal P3 port is left unused. The terminal P1 port is the RS485 communication and power supply port, which is used to connect the single-chip microcomputer of each measurement unit with the terminal single-chip microcomputer.

如图7所示，稳压芯片VR1的输入端（Vin）接接线端子P1的2脚，以及电容C4、电容C6的一端，输出端（Vout）接内部电源Vcc，以及电容C4、电容C5的一端，电容C4、电容C5、电容C6、电容C7的另一端均与地相连，起到滤波作用。485信号转换芯片U2，1脚接单片机PD0脚，4脚接单片机PD1脚，控制端口2、3脚分别接单片机的PB7、PB6脚，485信号输出脚6、7脚，接于接线端子P1的3、4脚，中间接平衡电阻R1，8脚接内部电源Vcc，实现RS232信号到RS485信号的转换。电阻R2、电阻R3、开关S1、电容C8构成单片机复位模块，电阻R2一端接电源Vcc，另一端接单片机的RESET脚，控制单片机复位时间，电阻R3一端接开关S1，另一端接地，实现限流功能，开关S1一端接单片机RESET脚，另一端接电阻R3，用于复位，电容C8一端接单片机RESET脚，另一端接地，通过电容的充放电实现单片机的复位。晶振Y1、电容C1、电容C2构成单片机晶体振荡模块，电容C1一端接单片机的XTAL2脚，另一端接地，电容C2一端接单片机的XTAL1脚，另一端接地，电容C1、电容C2帮助晶振Y1起振。晶振Y1接于单片机的XTAL1脚与XTAL2脚之间，为单片机提供振荡时钟信号。接线端子P2为传感器通讯端口，1脚接电源Vcc，4脚接地，2、3脚分别接单片机的TWI端口：PC0、PC1，并分别与上拉电阻R4、上拉电阻R5连接，电阻R4、电阻R5另一端与电源Vcc连接。接线端子P3为无线模块连接端口，1脚接地，2脚接电源Vcc，控制端口3脚接单片机的PB5脚，通信端口4、5脚分别接单片机的PD1、PD0脚。单片机的GND脚接地。单片机的VCC、AVCC脚接内部电源Vcc。单片机的AREF脚接电容C3，电容C3另一端接地，实现滤波。As shown in Figure 7, the input terminal (Vin) of the voltage regulator chip VR1 is connected topin 2 of the terminal P1, and one terminal of the capacitor C4 and capacitor C6, and the output terminal (Vout) is connected to the internal power supply Vcc, and the terminals of the capacitor C4 and capacitor C5 One end, the other end of the capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, and capacitor C7 are all connected to the ground for filtering. 485 signal conversion chip U2, 1 pin is connected to MCU PD0 pin, 4 pins are connected to MCU PD1 pin,control port 2 and 3 pins are respectively connected to MCU PB7 and PB6 pins, 485signal output pins 6 and 7 are connected toterminal P1 3, 4 pins, the middle indirect balance resistor R1, 8 pins connected to the internal power supply Vcc, to realize the conversion of RS232 signal to RS485 signal. Resistor R2, resistor R3, switch S1, and capacitor C8 constitute the microcontroller reset module. One end of resistor R2 is connected to the power supply Vcc, and the other end is connected to the RESET pin of the microcontroller to control the reset time of the microcontroller. One end of resistor R3 is connected to switch S1, and the other end is grounded to realize current limiting. Function, one end of the switch S1 is connected to the RESET pin of the single-chip microcomputer, and the other end is connected to the resistor R3 for reset. One end of the capacitor C8 is connected to the RESET pin of the single-chip microcomputer, and the other end is grounded. The reset of the single-chip microcomputer is realized by charging and discharging the capacitor. Crystal oscillator Y1, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2 constitute the single-chip crystal oscillator module. One end of capacitor C1 is connected to the XTAL2 pin of the single-chip microcomputer, and the other end is grounded. One end of capacitor C2 is connected to the XTAL1 pin of the single-chip microcomputer, and the other end is grounded. Capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 help crystal oscillator Y1 start to vibrate . The crystal oscillator Y1 is connected between the XTAL1 pin and the XTAL2 pin of the single-chip microcomputer to provide an oscillating clock signal for the single-chip microcomputer. Terminal P2 is the communication port of the sensor.Pin 1 is connected to the power supply Vcc,pin 4 is grounded, pins 2 and 3 are respectively connected to the TWI ports of the microcontroller: PC0 and PC1, and are respectively connected to the pull-up resistor R4 and pull-up resistor R5. The resistors R4, The other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the power supply Vcc. Terminal P3 is the connection port of the wireless module,pin 1 is grounded,pin 2 is connected to power supply Vcc,pin 3 of the control port is connected to pin PB5 of the single-chip microcomputer, and pins 4 and 5 of the communication port are connected to pins PD1 and PD0 of the single-chip microcomputer respectively. The GND pin of the microcontroller is grounded. The VCC and AVCC pins of the microcontroller are connected to the internal power supply Vcc. The AREF pin of the microcontroller is connected to capacitor C3, and the other end of capacitor C3 is grounded to realize filtering.

Claims (2)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种秸秆堆垛多点温湿度远程测量报警装置，其特征在于，它包括终端单片机模块、无线发送模块、无线接收模块、计算机和若干个测量单元等；其中，若干个测量单元分别与终端单片机模块相连，终端单片机模块通过无线发送模块与无线接收模块与计算机通信；每个测量单元由温湿度传感器和单片机模块相连组成。1. A multi-point temperature and humidity remote measurement and alarm device for straw stacking is characterized in that it includes a terminal single-chip microcomputer module, a wireless sending module, a wireless receiving module, a computer and several measuring units etc.; wherein, several measuring units are respectively connected with The terminal single-chip microcomputer module is connected, and the terminal single-chip microcomputer module communicates with the computer through the wireless sending module and the wireless receiving module; each measurement unit is composed of a temperature and humidity sensor and a single-chip microcomputer module.2.根据权利要求1所述秸秆堆垛多点温湿度远程测量报警装置，其特征在于，所述测量单元的个数为8个，具体设置位置如下：秸秆堆垛中心设置第一测量单元，堆垛外缘设置第三测量单元，第一测量单元和第三测量单元的中点处设置第二测量单元，第一测量单元和第二测量单元的中点处设置第四测量单元, 第二测量单元和第三测量单元的中点处设置第五测量单元, 第一测量单元和第四测量单元的中点处设置第六测量单元, 第二测量单元和第四测量单元的中点处设置第七测量单元，第一测量单元和第六测量单元的中点处设置第八测量单元。2. The multi-point temperature and humidity remote measurement and alarm device for straw stacking according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the measuring units is 8, and the specific setting positions are as follows: the first measuring unit is set in the center of the straw stacking, The third measuring unit is set on the outer edge of the stack, the second measuring unit is set at the midpoint between the first measuring unit and the third measuring unit, the fourth measuring unit is set at the midpoint between the first measuring unit and the second measuring unit, and the second The fifth measuring unit is set at the midpoint of the measuring unit and the third measuring unit, the sixth measuring unit is set at the midpoint of the first measuring unit and the fourth measuring unit, and the sixth measuring unit is set at the midpoint of the second measuring unit and the fourth measuring unit The seventh measuring unit, the eighth measuring unit is set at the middle point of the first measuring unit and the sixth measuring unit.

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