CN102384474B - Gas turbine combustor - Google Patents

Abstract

In a gas turbine combustor, mixing of a fuel and air is accelerated in a mixing chamber of a burner as well as in air introduction passages provided in a wall of the mixing chamber, whereby NOx emissions from premixed combustion are reduced while at the same time, ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics improve. The gas turbine combustor includes a plurality of combustors 10, a spark plug 13, and a cross-fire tube 15 that propagates a flame between the combustors 10. Each combustor 10 includes the burner 30 equipped with a fuel nozzle and the mixing chamber wall 32 forming the mixing chamber 31. A plurality of air introduction holes 35, 36 for introducing combustion air, along with the fuel from the fuel nozzle, into the mixing chamber 31, are provided in the mixing chamber wall 32. The combustion air and fuel jetted from the air introduction hole 35 into the mixing chamber 31 are mixed in the form of a mixture "m1" , "m2" and directed towards the spark plug 13 and the cross-fire tube 15.

Description

Translated fromChinese

燃气轮机燃烧器gas turbine burner

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及具备将燃料与空气的混合气燃烧而生成的燃烧气体供给到燃气轮机的多个燃烧器、火花塞、以及在上述燃烧器彼此之间传播火焰的火焰传播管的燃气轮机燃烧器。The present invention relates to a gas turbine combustor comprising a plurality of combustors for supplying combustion gas generated by combusting a mixture of fuel and air to the gas turbine, a spark plug, and a flame propagation tube for propagating flames between the combustors.

背景技术Background technique

作为以往通常采用的燃气轮机所具备的燃气轮机燃烧器，已知存在具备多个罐型燃烧器的燃气轮机燃烧器，其各个燃烧器的构成为，使燃料与压缩空气反应，生成用于旋转驱动涡轮机的高温高压的燃烧气体(例如，参照专利文献1)。As a gas turbine combustor included in a gas turbine commonly used in the past, there is known a gas turbine combustor equipped with a plurality of can-type combustors, each of which is configured to react fuel and compressed air to generate gas for rotationally driving the turbine. Combustion gas of high temperature and high pressure (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).

这些多个燃烧器配置在沿涡轮机转子周向的圆上，在周向上相邻的燃烧器彼此之间通过连结管结合，在该连结管内设置有火焰传播管。火焰传播管为管状，由连接的燃烧器的压力差，燃烧气体通过火焰传播管。These plurality of combustors are arranged on a circle along the circumferential direction of the turbine rotor, and the combustors adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are connected by connecting pipes, and flame propagation pipes are provided in the connecting pipes. The flame propagation tube is tubular, and the combustion gas passes through the flame propagation tube due to the pressure difference of the connected burners.

启动时，燃气轮机由外部驱动装置驱动，旋转速度上升直到点火旋转速度，之后，燃料与空气被导入所有燃烧器。并且，通过对设置在一个或者两个燃烧器上的火花塞点火来开始燃烧。由于由燃烧器内的燃烧产生了高温的燃烧气体，所以燃烧器内部的压力上升。在相邻的燃烧器处于未点火的状态时，由与点火后的燃烧器的差压，通过火焰传播管，高温的燃烧气体流入未点火的燃烧器。这样，从仅对一个或者两个燃烧器点火开始，相邻的各个燃烧器被点火，所有的燃烧器都被点火。At start-up, the gas turbine is driven by an external drive and the rotational speed is increased up to the ignition rotational speed, after which fuel and air are introduced to all burners. And, combustion is started by igniting a spark plug provided on one or both burners. Since high-temperature combustion gas is generated by combustion in the burner, the pressure inside the burner rises. When the adjacent burner is in the non-ignited state, the high-temperature combustion gas flows into the non-ignited burner through the flame propagation tube due to the differential pressure with the ignited burner. In this way, starting from igniting only one or two burners, each adjacent burner is ignited, and all burners are ignited.

现有技术文献prior art literature

专利文献1：日本特许第3940705号公报Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3940705

但是，构成燃气轮机燃烧器的多个燃烧器分别具备的燃烧嘴具有形成混合室的混合室壁与燃料喷嘴，通过在上述混合室壁上设置将燃烧用空气与从燃料喷嘴供给而来的燃料一起导入到上述混合室的多个空气导入通道，从而在空气导入通道及混合室中促进燃料与空气的混合，可以减少预混合燃烧产生的NO_x。However, the burners provided in each of the plurality of combustors constituting the gas turbine combustor have a mixing chamber wall forming a mixing chamber and fuel nozzles. The plurality of air introduction passages introduced into the mixing chamber promotes the mixing of fuel and air in the air introduction passages and the mixing chamber, thereby reducing_NOx generated by premixed combustion.

另一方面，燃气轮机启动时的点火特性及火焰传播特性显示为混合气的燃料浓度越大(即燃空比大)特性越好，由于在预混合燃烧中混合室内的混合气的燃料浓度存在均匀化的倾向，所以存在燃气轮机启动时的点火特性及火焰传播特性下降。On the other hand, the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics of the gas turbine show that the greater the fuel concentration of the mixture gas (that is, the larger the fuel-air ratio), the better the characteristics, because the fuel concentration of the mixture gas in the mixing chamber is uniform in the premixed combustion Therefore, there is a decrease in the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics when the gas turbine is started.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于，在燃气轮机燃烧器中，通过在设置于涡轮机的混合室壁的空气导入通道内以及混合室内促进燃料与空气的混合，来实现预混合燃烧产生的NO_x的减少，同时实现点火特性及火焰传播特性的提高。The purpose of the present invention is to realize the reduction of_NOx produced by premixed combustion by promoting the mixing of fuel and air in the air introduction passage provided on the mixing chamber wall of the turbine and in the mixing chamber in the gas turbine combustor, and at the same time realize Improvement of ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics.

技术方案一的发明具备：将燃料与从压缩机导入的燃烧用空气的混合气燃烧而生成的燃烧气体供给到燃气轮机的多个燃烧器；对上述混合气点火的火花塞；以及在上述燃烧器彼此之间传播由上述混合气的燃烧产生的火焰的火焰传播管，上述燃烧器具备燃烧嘴，该燃烧嘴具有形成在上述燃烧器的轴线方向上朝向下游敞开的混合室的混合室壁、以及供给燃料的燃料喷嘴，在上述混合室壁上，设有将燃烧用空气与来自上述燃料喷嘴的燃料一起导入上述混合室的多个空气导入通道，从上述空气导入通道喷出到上述混合室的燃烧用空气及燃料指向上述火花塞及上述火焰传播管中的至少一方而流动。The invention of claim 1 includes: supplying combustion gas generated by burning a mixture of fuel and combustion air introduced from a compressor to a plurality of combustors of a gas turbine; a spark plug for igniting the mixture; and connecting the burners to each other. A flame propagation pipe for propagating the flame generated by the combustion of the above-mentioned mixture gas, the above-mentioned burner is provided with a burner having a mixing chamber wall forming a mixing chamber open toward the downstream in the axial direction of the above-mentioned burner, and a supply The fuel nozzle of the fuel is provided with a plurality of air introduction passages for introducing combustion air into the above-mentioned mixing chamber together with the fuel from the above-mentioned fuel nozzle on the wall of the above-mentioned mixing chamber. Air and fuel are directed to at least one of the spark plug and the flame propagation tube to flow.

由此，在具备多个燃烧器、火花塞、以及火焰传播管的燃气轮机燃烧器中，从将燃烧用空气导入到各燃烧器所具备的燃烧嘴的混合室的空气导入通道，燃烧用空气与从燃料喷嘴供给而来的燃料一起成为混合气，喷出到混合室内，喷出的该混合气至少指向火花塞及火焰传播管中的一方而流动。其结果，因为在火花塞及火焰传播管中的至少一方的设置位置及其附近，存在燃料浓度高的混合气，所以点火变得容易，提高了点火特性及火焰传播特性中的至少一方，提高了燃气轮机的启动性能。Thus, in a gas turbine combustor provided with a plurality of combustors, spark plugs, and flame propagation tubes, the combustion air and the combustion air are connected to each other from the air introduction passage that introduces the combustion air into the mixing chamber of the burner provided in each combustor. The fuel supplied from the fuel nozzle becomes a mixed gas together and is injected into the mixing chamber, and the injected mixed gas flows toward at least one of the spark plug and the flame propagation tube. As a result, since at least one of the spark plug and the flame propagation tube is installed and its vicinity, there is an air-fuel mixture with a high fuel concentration, so ignition becomes easy, and at least one of the ignition characteristic and the flame propagation characteristic is improved, and the Gas Turbine Startup Performance.

技术方案二所记载的发明，在技术方案一记载的燃气轮机燃烧器中，在上述混合室壁上，多个上述空气导入通道在上述轴线方向或者径向上并列配置成第一列及第二列，喷出指向上述火花塞而流动的燃烧用空气的上述空气导入通道属于上述第一列，喷出指向上述火焰传播管而流动的燃烧用空气的上述空气导入通道属于上述第二列。In the invention described in Claim 2, in the gas turbine combustor described in Claim 1, on the wall of the mixing chamber, a plurality of the air introduction passages are arranged side by side in a first row and a second row in the axial direction or radial direction, The air introduction passage for blowing out combustion air flowing toward the spark plug belongs to the first row, and the air inlet passage for blowing combustion air toward the flame propagation tube belongs to the second row.

由此，因为喷出指向火花塞及火焰传播管的混合气的空气导入通道分开设置为第一列及第二列，所以混合室壁中的空气导入通道的配置及形状的自由度变大，在提高点火特性及火焰传播特性的观点上良好的空气导入通道的设计变得容易。As a result, since the air introduction passages for ejecting the mixed gas directed to the spark plug and the flame propagation pipe are provided separately in the first row and the second row, the degree of freedom in the arrangement and shape of the air introduction passages in the wall of the mixing chamber increases. It becomes easy to design a good air introduction passage from the viewpoint of improving ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics.

技术方案三所记载的发明，在技术方案一记载的燃气轮机燃烧器中，上述燃气轮机燃烧器具备作为上述燃烧嘴的中央燃烧嘴、相对于上述中央燃烧嘴配置在外周侧的多个外周燃烧嘴，上述中央燃烧嘴具有作为上述混合室壁的中央混合室壁、以及作为上述燃料喷嘴的中央燃料喷嘴，其中，上述中央混合室壁形成作为上述混合室的中央混合室，上述外周燃烧嘴具有形成在上述轴线方向上朝向下游敞开的外周混合室的外周混合室壁、以及向上述外周混合室供给燃料的外周燃料喷嘴，上述中央混合室壁上，多个上述燃烧用空气导入通道在上述轴线方向上并列设置成第一列及第二列，喷出指向上述火花塞及上述火焰传播管中的至少一方而流动的燃烧用空气的上述空气导入通道属于上述第一列，从属于上述第二列的上述空气导入通道喷出的燃烧用空气指向上述外周混合室的出口而流动。In the invention described in claim 3, in the gas turbine combustor described in claim 1, the gas turbine combustor includes a central burner as the burner, a plurality of peripheral burners arranged on the outer peripheral side with respect to the central burner, The central burner has a central mixing chamber wall as the mixing chamber wall, and a central fuel nozzle as the fuel nozzle, wherein the central mixing chamber wall forms the central mixing chamber as the mixing chamber, and the peripheral burner has a The outer peripheral mixing chamber wall of the outer peripheral mixing chamber opened downstream in the axial direction, and the outer peripheral fuel nozzle supplying fuel to the outer peripheral mixing chamber. The first row and the second row are arranged side by side, and the above-mentioned air introduction channel that ejects the combustion air flowing toward at least one of the above-mentioned spark plug and the above-mentioned flame propagation tube belongs to the above-mentioned first row, and the above-mentioned Combustion air ejected from the air introduction passage flows toward the outlet of the outer peripheral mixing chamber.

由此，通过从空气导入孔与燃料一起喷出的燃烧用空气指向外周燃烧嘴的出口而喷出，从属于第二列的空气导入通道喷出的混合气的燃烧而产生的高温燃烧气体供给到外周燃烧嘴的出口处，所以从外周燃烧嘴供给而来的混合气的燃烧变得容易，例如在外周燃烧嘴的混合气的燃料浓度低的情况下，也能够容易地开始燃烧。其结果，提高了具备外周燃烧嘴的燃烧器的燃烧性，可以扩大燃气轮机的应用负荷范围。As a result, the combustion air injected together with the fuel from the air inlet hole is directed to the outlet of the outer peripheral burner, and the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the combustion of the air mixture ejected from the air inlet passage belonging to the second row is supplied. Since it reaches the outlet of the peripheral burner, the combustion of the mixture supplied from the peripheral burner becomes easy. For example, when the fuel concentration of the mixture of the peripheral burner is low, combustion can be easily started. As a result, the combustibility of the combustor provided with the peripheral burner is improved, and the application load range of the gas turbine can be expanded.

并且，空气导入通道分开设置为第一列及第二列，所以混合室壁中的空气导入通道的配置及形状的自由度变大，在提高点火特性及火焰传播特性、来自外周燃烧嘴的混合气开始燃烧的容易化的观点上良好的空气导入通道的设计变得容易。In addition, the air introduction channels are divided into the first row and the second row, so the degree of freedom in the arrangement and shape of the air introduction channels in the mixing chamber wall is increased, and the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics are improved, and the mixing from the peripheral burner is improved. From the standpoint of facilitation of gas start to burn, it becomes easy to design a good air introduction channel.

技术方案四所记载的发明，在技术方案三记载的燃气轮机燃烧器中，构成上述中央燃烧嘴的上述第二列的上述空气导入通道的数量为上述外周燃烧嘴的数量的整数倍。In the invention described in claim 4, in the gas turbine combustor described in claim 3, the number of the air introduction channels constituting the second row of the central burner is an integral multiple of the number of the outer peripheral burners.

由此，借助空气导入通道的数量为外周燃烧嘴数量的整数倍，能够将喷出指向外周燃烧嘴流动的混合气的空气导入通道按照外周燃烧嘴均匀分配，并且因此多个空气导入通道的配置及形状的均匀化变得容易，所以可以在使燃烧嘴的结构变简单的同时，提高燃烧稳定性。Thus, by virtue of the number of air introduction passages being an integer multiple of the number of peripheral burners, the air introduction passages that spray the mixed gas flowing toward the outer peripheral burners can be evenly distributed according to the outer peripheral burners, and therefore the configuration of a plurality of air introduction passages And the homogenization of the shape becomes easy, so it is possible to improve the combustion stability while simplifying the structure of the burner.

技术方案五所记载的发明，在技术方案三或四记载的燃气轮机燃烧器中，上述第一列及上述第二列中，在上述轴线方向上构成上游侧的列的上述空气导入通道为6个，构成下游侧的列的上述空气导入通道为12个，上述外周燃烧嘴为4个或6个。In the invention described in claim 5, in the gas turbine combustor described in claim 3 or 4, the number of the air introduction passages constituting the row on the upstream side in the axial direction in the first row and the second row is six, The number of the air introduction passages forming the row on the downstream side is 12, and the number of the outer peripheral burners is 4 or 6.

由此，因为在下游侧列存在比上游侧列更多的空气导入通道，所以能够将朝向下游侧流动的混合气更加可靠地指向。此外，因为下游侧列的空气导入通道的数量成为外周燃烧嘴的数量的整数倍，能够起到与技术方案四所记载的发明相同的效果。As a result, since there are more air introduction passages in the downstream side row than in the upstream side row, the air-fuel mixture flowing toward the downstream side can be directed more reliably. In addition, since the number of air introduction passages in the downstream row is an integer multiple of the number of the outer peripheral burners, the same effect as that of the invention described in claim 4 can be achieved.

本发明的效果在于，根据本发明，在燃气轮机燃烧器中，通过在空气导入通道及混合室内促进燃料与空气的混合，可以减少预混合燃烧产生的NO_x，并且可以提高点火特性及火焰传播特性。The effect of the present invention is that, according to the present invention, in the gas turbine combustor, by promoting the mixing of fuel and air in the air introduction passage and the mixing chamber,_NOx generated by premixed combustion can be reduced, and ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics can be improved. .

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是使用具备本发明的实施例一的燃气轮机燃烧器的燃气轮机的燃气轮机设备的主要部分概略剖视图。1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of main parts of a gas turbine facility using a gas turbine including a gas turbine combustor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

图2是说明图1的燃气轮机燃烧器所具备的燃烧器及火焰传播管的概略图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a combustor and a flame propagation tube included in the gas turbine combustor of Fig. 1 .

图3是图1的主要部分放大图，简略地表示了燃烧嘴的空气导入孔。Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part of Fig. 1, schematically showing an air introduction hole of a burner.

图4是沿图3的IV-IV线的剖视图。Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of Fig. 3 .

图5是沿图3的V-V线的剖视图。Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V-V of Fig. 3 .

图6表示实施例一的变形实施例，是相当于图3的主要部分的图。FIG. 6 shows a modified example of the first embodiment, and is a diagram corresponding to main parts of FIG. 3 .

图7表示本发明的实施例二，是相当于图3的图。FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention and is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 .

图8是在实施例二中相当于图4的图。FIG. 8 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 4 in the second embodiment.

图9是表示在实施例二中的燃气轮机的负荷与燃烧嘴的燃料流量的关系的图表。9 is a graph showing the relationship between the load of the gas turbine and the fuel flow rate of the burner in the second embodiment.

图10表示本发明的实施例三，是相当于图3的图。FIG. 10 shows a third embodiment of the present invention and is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 .

图11是在实施例三中相当于图4的图。FIG. 11 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 4 in the third embodiment.

图12是在实施例三中相当于图9的图表。FIG. 12 is a graph corresponding to FIG. 9 in the third embodiment.

图13表示本发明的实施例四，是相当于图3的图。FIG. 13 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 .

图14是在实施例四中相当于图4的图。FIG. 14 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 4 in the fourth embodiment.

图中：In the picture:

4—燃气轮机燃烧器，10—燃烧器，13—火花塞，15—火焰传播管，30、50、60、70、80、90、100—燃烧嘴，31、51、61、71、81、91—混合室，32、72、92—混合室壁，35、36、55、56、65、66、75、76、95、96—空气导入孔，38、59、69、79、89、98、99、109—燃料喷嘴，m1、m2、m3、m4、m5—混合气。4—gas turbine burner, 10—burner, 13—spark plug, 15—flame propagation tube, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100—burner nozzle, 31, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91— Mixing chamber, 32, 72, 92—mixing chamber wall, 35, 36, 55, 56, 65, 66, 75, 76, 95, 96—air inlet hole, 38, 59, 69, 79, 89, 98, 99 , 109—fuel nozzle, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5—air mixture.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

参照图1～图14对本发明的实施例的燃气轮机燃烧器进行说明。A gas turbine combustor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 14 .

实施例一Embodiment one

参照图1～图5对本发明的实施例一的燃气轮机燃烧器4进行说明。A gas turbine combustor 4 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 .

参照图1，具备燃气轮机1的燃气轮机设备是具备作为由该燃气轮机1驱动的驱动对象的发电机2的发电用燃气轮机设备。Referring to FIG. 1 , a gas turbine facility including a gas turbine 1 is a gas turbine facility for power generation including a generator 2 to be driven by the gas turbine 1 .

燃气轮机1具备：压缩空气的压缩机3；利用作为由压缩机3获得的压缩空气的一部分的燃烧用空气来使燃料燃烧而生成燃烧气体的燃气轮机燃烧器4；由在燃气轮机燃烧器4生成的高温高压的燃烧气体驱动而旋转的涡轮机5；将该燃烧气体从燃气轮机燃烧器4导入到涡轮机5的过渡连接件6；向燃气轮机燃烧器4供给作为气体燃料(例如液化天然气)的燃料的燃料供给系统7；以及在形成从压缩机3排出的压缩空气流动的机室9的同时支撑燃气轮机燃烧器4的壳体8。The gas turbine 1 includes: a compressor 3 for compressing air; a gas turbine combustor 4 for combusting fuel to generate combustion gas by using combustion air which is a part of the compressed air obtained by the compressor 3; A turbine 5 that is driven to rotate by high-pressure combustion gas; a transition piece 6 that introduces the combustion gas from the gas turbine combustor 4 to the turbine 5; and a fuel supply system that supplies gas fuel (for example, liquefied natural gas) to the gas turbine combustor 4 7; and supports the casing 8 of the gas turbine combustor 4 while forming the casing 9 in which the compressed air discharged from the compressor 3 flows.

压缩机3及发电机2与涡轮机5连结，由该涡轮机5旋转驱动。机室9中容纳有过渡连接件6。The compressor 3 and the generator 2 are connected to a turbine 5 and driven to rotate by the turbine 5 . The transition piece 6 is accommodated in the machine room 9 .

同时参照图2，燃气轮机燃烧器4具备：将涡轮机5及压缩机3的旋转中心线C1作为中心在周向上隔开相等的间隔而配置的多个(这里为十个)罐型燃烧器10、对燃料与燃烧用空气混合而生成的混合气点火的火花塞13、将燃烧器10彼此之间连结的连结管14、以及容纳在连结管14内部的同时在燃烧器10彼此之间传播由混合气燃烧生成的火焰的火焰传播管15。Referring also to FIG. 2 , the gas turbine combustor 4 includes a plurality of (here, ten) can-type combustors 10 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the rotation centerline C1 of the turbine 5 and the compressor 3 , A spark plug 13 that ignites the air-fuel mixture generated by mixing fuel and combustion air, a connecting pipe 14 that connects the burners 10 to each other, and the air-fuel mixture that propagates between the burners 10 while being accommodated inside the connecting pipe 14 Flame propagation pipe 15 for the flame generated by the combustion.

在构成燃气轮机燃烧器4的所有燃烧器10之中，一部分燃烧器10是作为设有火花塞13的一个或者多个(在这里为两个)特定燃烧器的第一燃烧器11，剩余的燃烧器10是没有设置火花塞13的第二燃烧器12。除第一燃烧器11中的有关火花塞13的结构以外，第一燃烧器11与第二燃烧器12具有基本相同的结构。另外，在以下的说明中，关于第一燃烧器11及第二燃烧器12，在不区别两者时仅记载为燃烧器10。Among all the combustors 10 constituting the gas turbine combustor 4, some of the combustors 10 are the first combustors 11 as one or more (two here) specific combustors provided with spark plugs 13, and the remaining combustors are 10 is the second burner 12 without spark plug 13 . The first burner 11 has substantially the same structure as the second burner 12 except for the structure related to the spark plug 13 in the first burner 11 . In addition, in the following description, the 1st burner 11 and the 2nd burner 12 are only described as the burner 10, when there is no distinction between them.

参照图1及图3，将燃料与燃烧用空气的混合气燃烧而生成的燃烧气体供给到燃气轮机1的各个燃烧器10具备：形成燃烧室20的圆筒状内筒21、包围内筒21而配置的同时在与内筒21之间形成来自压缩机3的燃烧用空气流动的环状空气通道23的圆筒状外筒22、构成上游端壁的端盖24、配置在燃烧器轴线c2上且将燃烧用空气及燃料供给到燃烧室20的燃烧嘴30、以及配置在燃烧嘴30的出口处并且作为辅助稳定燃烧火焰的稳焰部件的火焰稳定器25。Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3 , each combustor 10 for supplying the combustion gas generated by burning the mixture of fuel and combustion air to the gas turbine 1 includes: a cylindrical inner tube 21 forming a combustion chamber 20 ; A cylindrical outer cylinder 22 forming an annular air passage 23 through which combustion air from the compressor 3 flows between the inner cylinder 21 and an end cover 24 constituting an upstream end wall are arranged on the combustor axis c2 while being arranged. And the combustion air and fuel are supplied to the burner 30 of the combustion chamber 20, and the flame stabilizer 25 which is arranged at the outlet of the burner 30 and serves as a flame stabilizing member which assists in stabilizing the combustion flame.

并且，由压缩机3压缩的空气从压缩机3流入机室9内，其中的一部分作为燃烧用空气供给到燃烧器10。Then, the air compressed by the compressor 3 flows into the casing 9 from the compressor 3 , and a part thereof is supplied to the combustor 10 as combustion air.

另外，燃烧器轴线C2(也可参照图2)是内筒21或者燃烧室20的中心轴线，轴线方向是与燃烧器轴线C2平行的方向，若未事先规定，径向及周向分别指以燃烧器轴线C2为中心的径向及周向。In addition, the burner axis C2 (also refer to FIG. 2 ) is the central axis of the inner tube 21 or the combustion chamber 20, and the axis direction is a direction parallel to the burner axis C2. If not specified in advance, the radial direction and the circumferential direction respectively refer to The burner axis C2 is the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the center.

此外，上游及下游分别涉及燃烧嘴30中的燃烧用空气或者燃烧嘴30及燃烧室20中的燃烧气体在轴线方向上的流动。In addition, upstream and downstream relate to the flow of the combustion air in the burner 30 or the combustion gas in the burner 30 and the combustion chamber 20 in the axial direction, respectively.

以大致位于燃烧器轴线C2上的中心的方式配置的燃烧嘴30具有形成在轴线方向上朝向燃烧室20敞开的混合室31的混合室壁32、以及供给燃料的燃料喷嘴38。混合室壁32配置地比燃烧室20在轴线方向上更靠近上游侧，且是以燃烧器轴线C2为中心轴线在轴线方向上朝向燃烧室20在径向上扩展开的中空圆锥状，在其内部由圆锥面状的混合室壁面33形成朝向下游以顶角α扩展开的圆锥状混合室31。因此，混合室壁面33是顶角为α的圆锥面状。The burner 30 disposed substantially at the center on the combustor axis C2 has a mixing chamber wall 32 forming a mixing chamber 31 that is open toward the combustion chamber 20 in the axial direction, and a fuel nozzle 38 that supplies fuel. The mixing chamber wall 32 is arranged closer to the upstream side in the axial direction than the combustion chamber 20, and is a hollow conical shape that expands radially toward the combustion chamber 20 in the axial direction with the burner axis C2 as the central axis. A conical mixing chamber 31 that spreads downstream at an apex angle α is formed by a conical mixing chamber wall surface 33 . Therefore, the mixing chamber wall surface 33 is conical with an apex angle α.

混合室壁32上设有分别形成将燃烧用空气导入混合室31内部的多个空气导入孔35、36及37。作为直线状圆孔的空气导入孔35、36及37对于混合室壁面33分别形成不同的角度β1、β2及β3。各角度β1、β2及β3是由空气导入孔35、36及37的中心线与圆锥面状的混合室壁面33的母线(混合室壁面33与包含燃烧器轴线C2的平面的交线)构成的角度。The mixing chamber wall 32 is provided with a plurality of air introduction holes 35 , 36 and 37 respectively formed to introduce combustion air into the inside of the mixing chamber 31 . The air introduction holes 35 , 36 , and 37 , which are linear circular holes, form different angles β1 , β2 , and β3 with respect to the wall surface 33 of the mixing chamber, respectively. The angles β1, β2, and β3 are formed by the centerlines of the air inlet holes 35, 36, and 37 and the generatrix of the conical mixing chamber wall 33 (intersection line between the mixing chamber wall 33 and a plane including the burner axis C2). angle.

燃料供给系统7具备燃料供给装置41、燃料分配器42、以及燃料供给配管43。燃料喷嘴38与燃料供给配管43连接，上述燃料供给配管43用于与将来自燃料供给装置41的燃料向各燃烧器10分配的燃料分配器42道通。并且，配制成来自燃料供给配管43的燃料供给到具有燃料歧管部38a的燃料喷嘴38，从燃料喷嘴38喷出的燃料供给到所有空气导入孔35、36及37的内部。因此，各空气导入孔35、36及37将燃烧用空气与从燃料喷嘴38供给而来的燃料一起，在生成与该燃料的混合气的同时导入混合室31。The fuel supply system 7 includes a fuel supply device 41 , a fuel distributor 42 , and a fuel supply pipe 43 . The fuel nozzle 38 is connected to a fuel supply pipe 43 that communicates with a fuel distributor 42 that distributes fuel from a fuel supply device 41 to each burner 10 . In addition, the fuel from the fuel supply pipe 43 is supplied to the fuel nozzle 38 having the fuel manifold portion 38 a, and the fuel ejected from the fuel nozzle 38 is supplied to the interior of all the air introduction holes 35 , 36 and 37 . Therefore, each of the air introduction holes 35 , 36 , and 37 introduces the combustion air into the mixing chamber 31 together with the fuel supplied from the fuel nozzle 38 and generates a mixture gas with the fuel.

分别在两个燃烧器11中，火花塞13以其点火部13a位于燃烧室20之内的方式安装在外筒22上。In each of the two burners 11 , a spark plug 13 is mounted on the outer cylinder 22 with its ignition portion 13 a located inside the combustion chamber 20 .

此外，在周向上彼此相邻的燃烧器10之间，通过将其外筒22彼此连结的连结管14连结。并且，这些燃烧器10的燃烧室20之间或者内筒21之间由火焰传播管15连通。火焰传播管15的两端开口构成在燃烧室20敞开的出入口15a。在此，各出入口15a是指流向相邻的燃烧器10的火焰的入口，以及来自该相邻的燃烧器10的火焰的出口的意思。Moreover, the combustors 10 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are connected by the connection pipe 14 which connects the outer cylinders 22 of these. In addition, the combustion chambers 20 of these burners 10 or the inner cylinders 21 communicate with each other through the flame propagation pipe 15 . Openings at both ends of the flame propagation pipe 15 constitute an inlet and outlet 15 a opened in the combustion chamber 20 . Here, each inlet and outlet 15 a means an inlet of a flame flowing to an adjacent burner 10 and an outlet of a flame from the adjacent burner 10 .

并且，由在具备火花塞13的燃烧器11中的该火花塞13点火的混合气燃烧而生成燃烧气体，作为内筒21的内部的燃烧室20中的压力上升，在由火焰传播管15连通的相邻燃烧器12的燃烧室20之间产生压力差，由该压力差向该相邻燃烧器12送入的燃烧气体27对在该相邻燃烧器12中生成的混合气点火。同样，相邻的燃烧器12的点火由火焰传播管15依次进行，对所有的燃烧器10点火。And, combustion gas is generated by combustion of the mixture ignited by the spark plug 13 in the burner 11 provided with the spark plug 13, and the pressure in the combustion chamber 20 as the inside of the inner cylinder 21 rises, and the phase communicated by the flame propagation pipe 15 A pressure difference is generated between the combustion chambers 20 of adjacent burners 12 , and the combustion gas 27 fed to the adjacent burner 12 by this pressure difference ignites the mixture generated in the adjacent burner 12 . Likewise, the ignition of the adjacent burners 12 is sequentially performed by the flame propagation tube 15, and all the burners 10 are ignited.

参照图3及图4，形成于混合室壁32的空气导入孔35～37以在轴线方向上排列成多列(在该实施例一中排列成第一～第三列R1～R3)的方式配置。这些列R1～R3分别由在轴线方向上的形成位置的圆周上，在周向上隔开间隔地配置成环状的一个以上(在这里为多个)的空气导入孔35～37构成。Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the air introduction holes 35-37 formed in the mixing chamber wall 32 are arranged in a plurality of rows in the axial direction (arranged in the first to third rows R1-R3 in this embodiment one) configuration. These rows R1 to R3 are respectively composed of one or more (here, a plurality of) air introduction holes 35 to 37 arranged in a ring shape at intervals in the circumferential direction on the circumference of the formation position in the axial direction.

另外，为了避免附图的复杂，在图4中省略了在图3中已表示了的结构中的一部分。In addition, in order to avoid the complexity of the drawings, some of the structures shown in FIG. 3 are omitted in FIG. 4 .

并且，如在图4及图5中局部表示的，属于各列R1～R3的多个空气导入孔35～37以燃烧器轴线C2为中心同心状地配置在混合室壁32上。此外，为了利用从各空气导入孔35～37喷出的燃烧用空气在混合室31内生成回旋流，空气导入孔37在周向上偏向而形成，空气导入孔35及36在轴线方向及周向上偏向而形成。Furthermore, as partially shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , a plurality of air introduction holes 35 to 37 belonging to the rows R1 to R3 are concentrically arranged on the mixing chamber wall 32 with the burner axis C2 as the center. In addition, in order to generate a swirling flow in the mixing chamber 31 by the combustion air ejected from the air introduction holes 35 to 37, the air introduction holes 37 are formed so as to deviate in the circumferential direction, and the air introduction holes 35 and 36 are axially and circumferentially aligned. biased to form.

此外，关于轴线方向上的第一列R1及第二列R2的位置，第一、第二列R1及R2中，第一列R1是位于上游侧的上游侧列，第二列R2是位于下游侧的下游侧列。此外，第二列R2比第一列R1位于靠径向外方处，比第一列R1配置在更大直径的圆周上。In addition, regarding the positions of the first row R1 and the second row R2 in the axial direction, among the first and second rows R1 and R2, the first row R1 is the upstream side row located on the upstream side, and the second row R2 is located downstream. side of the downstream side column. In addition, the second row R2 is located radially outward than the first row R1, and is arranged on a larger-diameter circumference than the first row R1.

参照图4，在各燃烧器10中，为了使从空气导入孔35～37中一个以上(在本实施例中为多个)的作为特定空气导入通道的特定空气导入孔35a、35b喷出到混合室31内的燃烧用空气与燃料一起，指向设置于内筒21上的火花塞13的点火部13a及火焰传播管15的出入口15a的设置位置，该特定空气导入孔35a及35b在轴线方向及周向上偏向而形成，其中上述燃料和燃烧用空气一起流经该特定空气导入孔35a及35b。Referring to Fig. 4, in each burner 10, in order to make more than one (in this embodiment, a plurality of) specific air introduction holes 35a, 35b as specific air introduction channels among the air introduction holes 35-37 spray to Combustion air in the mixing chamber 31, together with the fuel, is directed to the installation position of the ignition part 13a of the spark plug 13 and the inlet and outlet 15a of the flame propagation pipe 15 provided on the inner cylinder 21. The specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b are arranged in the axial direction and The specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b are formed so as to deviate in the circumferential direction, wherein the above-mentioned fuel and combustion air flow together.

具体而言，在燃烧器11中，从第一特定空气导入孔35a喷出的燃烧用空气与燃料的混合气m1指向点火部13a流动，从两个第二特定空气导入孔35b喷出的燃烧用空气与燃料的混合气m2指向两个火焰传播管15的出入口15a流动。Specifically, in the combustor 11, the mixture m1 of combustion air and fuel injected from the first specific air introduction hole 35a flows toward the ignition part 13a, and the combustion air injected from the two second specific air introduction holes 35b flows toward the ignition part 13a. The mixed gas m2 of air and fuel is directed to the inlet and outlet 15a of the two flame propagation tubes 15 to flow.

此外，在燃烧器12(参照图1)中，从第二特定空气导入孔35b喷出的燃烧用空气与燃料的混合气指向两个火焰传播管15的出入口15a流动。In addition, in the burner 12 (see FIG. 1 ), the mixture of combustion air and fuel injected from the second specific air introduction hole 35 b flows toward the inlet and outlet 15 a of the two flame propagation pipes 15 .

参照图5，由于空气导入孔37形成在从同时作为燃烧嘴30的燃烧嘴中心线的燃烧器轴线C2仅偏移了偏移距离s的位置上，因此从空气导入孔37流入的混合气在混合室31内生成回旋流。关于空气导入孔35及36，也与空气导入孔37一样，由于形成在从上述燃烧嘴中心线仅偏移了偏移距离s的位置上，可以在混合室31内生成回旋流。并且，通过该回旋流在燃烧嘴30的下游部生成稳定的循环流，可以确保燃烧稳定性。Referring to FIG. 5, since the air inlet hole 37 is formed at a position offset only by the offset distance s from the burner axis C2 which is also the burner center line of the burner 30, the air-fuel mixture flowing in from the air inlet hole 37 is A swirling flow is generated in the mixing chamber 31 . The air introduction holes 35 and 36 are also formed at positions offset by the offset distance s from the center line of the burner, as in the air introduction hole 37, so that a swirling flow can be generated in the mixing chamber 31. In addition, the swirling flow generates a stable circulation flow in the downstream portion of the burner 30, so that combustion stability can be ensured.

在本实施例中，为了以从属于第一列R1的空气导入孔35中的特定空气导入孔35a及35b喷出的混合气m1及m2指向火花塞13、火焰传播管15流动的方式来形成空气导入孔35，由形成混合室31的混合室壁32的顶角α、空气导入孔35的形成角度β2、以及从上述燃烧嘴中心线(或者燃烧器轴线C2)的偏移距离s来决定混合气的流动方向。In the present embodiment, the air mixture m1 and m2 ejected from the specific air inlet holes 35a and 35b in the air inlet holes 35 belonging to the first row R1 are directed toward the spark plug 13 and the flame propagation pipe 15 to form air flow. The introduction hole 35 is determined by the apex angle α of the mixing chamber wall 32 forming the mixing chamber 31, the formation angle β2 of the air introduction hole 35, and the offset distance s from the above-mentioned burner center line (or burner axis C2). direction of gas flow.

此外，在本实施例中，通过任意设定从上述燃烧嘴中心线的偏移距离s对形成空气导入孔35～37的混合室31的内径d(参照图5)的比s/d，从而可以使从空气导入孔35喷出的燃料与燃烧用空气的混合气m1及m2(参照图4)偏向火花塞13、火焰传播管15的设置位置，并且通过控制空气导入孔35～37的比s/d可以在燃烧嘴30的下游部生成燃烧稳定性所需的循环流，所以可以提供点火特性及火焰传播特性优良、稳定燃烧的燃气轮机燃烧器4。In addition, in this embodiment, by arbitrarily setting the ratio s/d of the offset distance s from the center line of the burner to the inner diameter d (see FIG. 5 ) of the mixing chamber 31 forming the air introduction holes 35 to 37, the The mixed gas m1 and m2 (refer to FIG. 4 ) of fuel and combustion air injected from the air introduction hole 35 can be deflected to the installation position of the spark plug 13 and the flame propagation pipe 15, and by controlling the ratio s of the air introduction holes 35 to 37 /d can generate a circulating flow necessary for combustion stability in the downstream portion of the burner 30, so that the gas turbine combustor 4 with excellent ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics and stable combustion can be provided.

参照图3及图4，在这样构成的燃气轮机燃烧器4中，燃气轮机1启动时，在燃气轮机燃烧器4的点火时，来自燃料供给装置41(参照图1)的燃料供给到燃料喷嘴38。燃料从燃料喷嘴38朝向各空气导入孔35～37喷出，在空气导入孔35～37的内部及混合室31中与燃烧用空气混合生成混合气。并且，从空气导入孔35～37喷出的混合气由火花塞13的火花点火，进行预混合燃烧。Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 , in the gas turbine combustor 4 configured in this way, fuel from the fuel supply device 41 (see FIG. 1 ) is supplied to the fuel nozzle 38 when the gas turbine 1 is started and the gas turbine combustor 4 is ignited. The fuel is sprayed from the fuel nozzle 38 toward each of the air introduction holes 35 to 37 , and is mixed with the combustion air inside the air introduction holes 35 to 37 and in the mixing chamber 31 to generate an air-fuel mixture. Then, the air-fuel mixture injected from the air introduction holes 35 to 37 is ignited by the spark of the spark plug 13 to perform premixed combustion.

此时，以混合气m1及m2从构成第一～第三列R1～R3中的第一列R1，即从上游侧数第二列(图3中从左数第二列)的空气导入孔35的特定空气导入孔35a及35b，指向火花塞13的点火部13a及火焰传播管15的出入口15a并喷出的方式形成了特定空气导入孔35a及35b。At this time, the mixed gas m1 and m2 are used to form the first row R1 of the first to third rows R1 to R3, that is, the air inlet hole that is the second row from the upstream side (the second row from the left in FIG. 3 ). The specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b of 35 are directed to the ignition part 13a of the spark plug 13 and the inlet and outlet 15a of the flame propagation pipe 15 and sprayed to form the specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b.

由此，在燃烧器11中，在火花塞13的点火部13a及其附近，由于存在燃料浓度高(即燃空比大)的混合气，点火变得容易，提高了点火性能。As a result, in the combustor 11, the ignition part 13a of the spark plug 13 and its vicinity have a high fuel concentration (that is, a high fuel-air ratio) air-fuel mixture, which facilitates ignition and improves ignition performance.

此外，由于若对燃烧器11点火，则燃烧室20的压力就会上升，所以燃烧气体27经由火焰传播管15向相邻的未点火的燃烧器11喷出，但是在本实施例中，混合气m2从特定空气导入孔35a及35b指向火焰传播管15的出入口15a而喷出，所以燃烧器11中的出入口15a(此时，作为出口发挥作用)及其附近，由于存在燃料浓度高的混合气，所以能够生成温度高的燃烧气体。由此，该高温的燃烧气体(火焰)通过火焰传播管15向相邻的燃烧器12的燃烧室20喷出。In addition, since the pressure of the combustion chamber 20 rises when the burner 11 is ignited, the combustion gas 27 is ejected to the adjacent non-ignited burner 11 through the flame propagation pipe 15, but in this embodiment, the mixed The gas m2 is ejected toward the inlet and outlet 15a of the flame propagation pipe 15 from the specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b, so the inlet and outlet 15a (functioning as an outlet at this time) and its vicinity in the burner 11 are mixed with a high fuel concentration. Gas, so it can generate high temperature combustion gas. As a result, the high-temperature combustion gas (flame) is ejected to the combustion chamber 20 of the adjacent burner 12 through the flame propagation pipe 15 .

另一方面，在来自燃烧器11的火焰传播到的相邻的燃烧器12中，由于来自特定空气导入孔35b的高燃料浓度的混合气，指向火焰传播管15的出入口15a(此时，作为进口发挥作用)喷出，所以利用来自燃烧器11并通过火焰传播管15流入的燃烧气体，火焰传播变得容易，燃烧的开始也变得容易，提高了火焰传播特性。On the other hand, in the adjacent burner 12 to which the flame from the burner 11 propagates, due to the high-fuel-concentration air-fuel mixture from the specific air introduction hole 35b, it is directed to the inlet and outlet 15a of the flame propagation pipe 15 (at this time, as Inlet function) is ejected, so by using the combustion gas flowing in from the burner 11 through the flame propagation pipe 15, the flame propagation becomes easy, and the initiation of combustion also becomes easy, improving the flame propagation characteristics.

在本实施例一中，混合室壁32以顶角α形成的同时形成了圆锥状的混合室31，并且由于从燃料喷嘴38喷出的燃料与从空气导入孔35～37喷出的燃烧用空气及燃料在混合室31内混合，所以通过提高了均匀化的混合气的预混合燃烧，可以期待进一步减少NO_x排出量的效果，以及通过混合室31内的混合气的回旋流被混合室壁32限制，从而可以期待增加旋转强度并提高燃烧稳定性的效果。In this first embodiment, the mixing chamber wall 32 is formed at the apex angle α while forming the conical mixing chamber 31, and due to the fuel injected from the fuel nozzle 38 and the combustion fuel injected from the air inlet holes 35-37 Air and fuel are mixed in the mixing chamber 31, so by improving the premixed combustion of the homogenized air-fuel mixture, the effect of further reducing the amount of_NOx emissions can be expected, and the swirling flow of the air-fuel mixture passing through the mixing chamber 31 is absorbed by the mixing chamber The wall 32 limits, so that the effect of increasing the rotational strength and improving the combustion stability can be expected.

并且，由于中空圆锥状的混合室壁32，与混合室壁32为例如环状的平板的情况相比，混合室壁32中的空气导入孔35～37的形成区域增加，所以具有增加了在决定空气导入孔35～37的数量、空气导入孔35～37的直径等空气导入孔规格时的自由度的优点，此外空气导入孔35～37的形成变得容易。And, because the mixing chamber wall 32 of hollow conical shape is compared with the situation that the mixing chamber wall 32 is, for example, an annular flat plate, the formation area of the air introduction holes 35-37 in the mixing chamber wall 32 increases, so there is an increase in The advantage of the degree of freedom in determining the air inlet hole specifications such as the number of air inlet holes 35 to 37 and the diameter of the air inlet holes 35 to 37 is that the formation of the air inlet holes 35 to 37 becomes easy.

关于内筒21的火花塞13或者火焰传播管15的轴线方向的位置，在将内筒21的内径设为D，将从内筒21的上游端到点火部13a或者出入口15a的轴线方向上的距离设为L时，比L/D为0.3＜L/D＜0.7的范围的情况在设计上较多。因此，优选以从特定空气导入孔35a及35b喷出的混合气指向内筒21中的成为0.3＜L/D＜0.7的位置的方式形成特定空气导入孔35a及35b。Regarding the position of the spark plug 13 or the axial direction of the flame propagation tube 15 of the inner cylinder 21, the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 21 is set as D, and the distance in the axial direction from the upstream end of the inner cylinder 21 to the ignition part 13a or the inlet and outlet 15a is When L is used, the ratio L/D is often designed in the range of 0.3<L/D<0.7. Therefore, it is preferable to form the specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b so that the air-fuel mixture ejected from the specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b is directed to a position in the inner cylinder 21 where 0.3<L/D<0.7.

此外，由于火花塞13通过调整插入内筒21的径向位置可以改善点火特性，所以在火花塞13与火焰传播管15的轴线方向位置明显不同的情况下，优选以混合气m2指向火焰传播管15的出入口15a的形成位置喷出的方式来形成特定空气导入孔35b。In addition, since the ignition characteristics can be improved by adjusting the radial position of the spark plug 13 inserted into the inner cylinder 21, when the axial positions of the spark plug 13 and the flame propagation pipe 15 are obviously different, it is preferable to point the mixed gas m2 to the flame propagation pipe 15. The specific air introduction hole 35b is formed in such a manner that the formation position of the inlet and outlet 15a blows out.

另外，空气导入孔35～37以在轴线方向上排列成多列的方式形成的情况下，作为实施例一的变形实施例，也可以以来自作为一个列的第一列R1的空气导入孔35的混合气m1指向火花塞13的点火部13a的方式偏向形成该空气导入孔35，以来自不同于第一列R1的第二列R2的空气导入孔36的混合气m2指向火焰传播管15的出入口15a的方式偏向形成该空气导入孔36，并且在存在作为剩下的一列的第三列R3(也可以为一个以上的列)时，以来自该第三列R3的空气导入孔37的混合气在混合室31内生成回旋流而有利于燃烧稳定性的方式形成该空气导入孔37。In addition, when the air introduction holes 35 to 37 are formed in a plurality of rows in the axial direction, as a modified example of the first embodiment, the air introduction holes 35 from the first row R1 as one row may be The air inlet hole 35 is biased in such a way that the air mixture m1 is directed to the ignition portion 13a of the spark plug 13, so that the air mixture m2 from the air inlet hole 36 of the second row R2 different from the first row R1 is directed to the inlet and outlet of the flame propagation pipe 15. 15a, the air inlet hole 36 is formed in a biased manner, and when there is a third row R3 (or more than one row) as the remaining row, the air-fuel mixture from the air inlet hole 37 of the third row R3 The air introduction hole 37 is formed to contribute to combustion stability by generating a swirl flow in the mixing chamber 31 .

由此，与实施例一相同，提高了点火特性及火焰传播特性，提高了燃气轮机1的启动性能，同时提供了燃烧稳定性优秀的燃烧嘴30。As a result, as in the first embodiment, the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics are improved, the start-up performance of the gas turbine 1 is improved, and the burner 30 with excellent combustion stability is provided.

此外，因为将喷出指向点火部13a及出入口15a的混合气m1及m2的特定空气导入孔35a及35b分成第一、第二列R1、R2而设置，所以混合室壁32中的空气导入孔35及36的配置及形状的自由度变大，在提高点火特性及火焰传播特性的观点上良好的空气导入孔35及36的设计变得容易。In addition, since the specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b for spraying the mixed gas m1 and m2 directed to the ignition part 13a and the inlet and outlet 15a are divided into the first and second rows R1 and R2, the air introduction holes in the mixing chamber wall 32 The degree of freedom in arrangement and shape of 35 and 36 increases, and it becomes easy to design good air introduction holes 35 and 36 from the viewpoint of improving ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics.

此外，在实施例一的燃气轮机燃烧器4中，作为燃气轮机1的燃料，在气体燃料的基础上具有使用液体燃料(例如，A重油、轻油)的情况。参照图3及图4，主要是图6来说明实施例一的另一个变形实施例。In addition, in the gas turbine combustor 4 of the first embodiment, liquid fuel (for example, A heavy oil, light oil) may be used as the fuel of the gas turbine 1 in addition to the gas fuel. Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , and mainly to FIG. 6 , another modified embodiment of the first embodiment will be described.

燃烧器10具备喷射作为第二燃料的液体燃料的作为第二燃料喷嘴的液体燃料喷嘴39，该液体燃料喷嘴39配置在具备将作为上述第一燃料的气体燃料供给到作为第一燃料喷嘴的燃料喷嘴38的燃烧嘴30的混合室31的上游侧。液体燃料从燃料供给系统47所具备的燃料供给装置44供给到液体燃料喷嘴39。The combustor 10 includes a liquid fuel nozzle 39 as a second fuel nozzle that injects liquid fuel as the second fuel. The nozzle 38 is on the upstream side of the mixing chamber 31 of the burner 30 . Liquid fuel is supplied to the liquid fuel nozzle 39 from the fuel supply device 44 included in the fuel supply system 47 .

液体燃料喷嘴39将液体燃料进行喷雾，使其与混合室31内的高温燃烧用空气5混合蒸发并燃烧，承担将液体燃料微粒化成小液滴的任务。为了将液体燃料微粒化，存在利用空气的剪切力来进行微粒化的空气喷雾式燃料喷嘴，以及利用液体燃料的供给压力来进行微粒化的压力喷雾式燃料喷嘴，但在本实施例中，即使采用任何一种方式，或者采用上述以外的采用喷雾方式的液体燃料喷嘴，也可以达到本发明的效果。The liquid fuel nozzle 39 sprays the liquid fuel, mixes it with the high-temperature combustion air 5 in the mixing chamber 31, vaporizes and burns, and undertakes the task of atomizing the liquid fuel into small droplets. In order to atomize liquid fuel, there are air spray type fuel nozzles that utilize the shear force of air to atomize, and pressure spray fuel nozzles that utilize the supply pressure of liquid fuel to atomize, but in this embodiment, The effect of the present invention can be achieved even if any of the methods is used, or a liquid fuel nozzle using a spray method other than the above is used.

在本实施例中，由于液体燃料喷嘴39配置在燃烧嘴30的燃烧器轴线C2上，且设置在混合室31的上游侧，所以从液体燃料喷嘴39喷雾成圆锥状的液滴与从燃烧嘴30的空气导入孔35～37喷出的燃烧用空气在混合室31内混合。In this embodiment, since the liquid fuel nozzle 39 is arranged on the burner axis C2 of the burner 30 and is arranged on the upstream side of the mixing chamber 31, the conical droplets sprayed from the liquid fuel nozzle 39 are different from those sprayed from the burner. The combustion air ejected from the air introduction holes 35 to 37 of 30 is mixed in the mixing chamber 31 .

与实施例一相同，以来自空气导入孔35的燃烧用空气指向设置在内筒21上的火花塞13的点火部13a与火焰传播管15的出入口15a而喷出的方式，向轴线方向及偏向周向而形成空气导入孔35，所以在点火部13a及出入口15a的设置位置上供给有来自空气导入孔35的混合气与来自液体燃料喷嘴39的微粒化了的液体燃料的混合气，所以通过高浓度的混合气，可以提高点火特性及火焰传播特性。Similar to Embodiment 1, the combustion air from the air introduction hole 35 is directed toward the ignition part 13a of the spark plug 13 and the inlet and outlet 15a of the flame propagation tube 15 provided on the inner cylinder 21, and is ejected toward the axial direction and the circumferential direction. The air inlet hole 35 is formed in the opposite direction, so the air-fuel mixture from the air inlet hole 35 and the atomized liquid fuel from the liquid fuel nozzle 39 are supplied at the installation positions of the ignition part 13a and the inlet and outlet 15a, so the air-fuel mixture through the high The mixed gas with high concentration can improve the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics.

此外，配置在燃烧嘴30上的液体燃料喷嘴39的喷雾角度(液体燃料喷雾的扩展角度)设定的比混合室31的顶角c小。若液体燃料喷嘴39的喷雾角度比顶角α大，则从液体燃料喷嘴39喷雾出来的液滴将与混合室壁32碰撞，存在在该混合室壁32上发生液体燃料炭化的焦化，使燃烧嘴30所具有的各种性能劣化的危险。因此，通过将液体燃料喷嘴39的喷雾角度设定的比顶角α小，能够防止焦化的产生。In addition, the spray angle (expansion angle of liquid fuel spray) of the liquid fuel nozzle 39 arranged on the burner 30 is set smaller than the apex angle c of the mixing chamber 31 . If the spray angle of the liquid fuel nozzle 39 is larger than the apex angle α, the liquid droplets sprayed from the liquid fuel nozzle 39 will collide with the mixing chamber wall 32, and there will be coking of liquid fuel carbonization on the mixing chamber wall 32, causing combustion There is a risk of deterioration of various performances of the nozzle 30 . Therefore, by setting the spray angle of the liquid fuel nozzle 39 to be smaller than the apex angle α, occurrence of coking can be prevented.

实施例二Embodiment two

参照图7～图9对本发明的实施例二进行说明。实施例二在燃烧嘴30的外周侧配置有多个主燃烧嘴50及60，其他与实施例一具有基本相同的结构。Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 . In the second embodiment, a plurality of main burners 50 and 60 are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the burner 30, and the other structures are basically the same as those in the first embodiment.

另外，该实施例二以及后述的实施例三、四中，省略或简述与实施例一相同的部分的说明，以不同点为重点进行说明。此外，对于与实施例一的部件相同的部件或者对应的部件，根据需要使用了相同的符号。并且，实施例二～四起到了与实施例一相同的作用效果。In addition, in the second embodiment and the third and fourth embodiments described later, the description of the same parts as the first embodiment will be omitted or briefly described, and the differences will be emphasized in the description. In addition, the same symbols are used as necessary for the same or corresponding components as those of the first embodiment. In addition, Embodiments 2 to 4 have the same function and effect as Embodiment 1.

并且，在实施例二～四中，混合室壁、混合室31以及燃料喷嘴分别是中央混合壁、中央混合室以及中央燃料喷嘴，混合室壁、混合室及燃料喷嘴分别是外周混合壁、外周混合室及外周燃料喷嘴。此外，燃烧嘴及引燃嘴是中央燃烧嘴，主燃烧嘴是外周燃烧嘴。And, in embodiments two to four, the mixing chamber wall, the mixing chamber 31 and the fuel nozzle are respectively the central mixing wall, the central mixing chamber and the central fuel nozzle, and the mixing chamber wall, the mixing chamber and the fuel nozzle are respectively the peripheral mixing wall, the peripheral Mixing chamber and peripheral fuel nozzles. In addition, the burner and the pilot burner are central burners, and the main burner is a peripheral burner.

并且，在关于实施例二～四的图中，为了避免使附图变复杂，仅表示了例如一部分指向主燃烧嘴的后述混合气m3及m4。In addition, in the drawings related to the second to fourth embodiments, in order to avoid complicating the drawings, for example, only a part of the mixture m3 and m4 described later directed to the main burner is shown.

参照图7及图8，实施例二的燃气轮机燃烧器4所具备的燃烧器10的燃烧嘴30、50及60是由作为引燃嘴的燃烧嘴30、主燃烧嘴50及60构成。Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8 , the burners 30 , 50 and 60 of the burner 10 included in the gas turbine combustor 4 of the second embodiment are composed of the burner 30 as a pilot burner and the main burners 50 and 60 .

相对于燃烧嘴30配置在外周侧(即径向外方)的一个以上(这里为作为多个的六个)的主燃烧嘴50及60分别由三个第一主燃烧嘴50及第二主燃烧嘴60构成。One or more (here, a plurality of six) main burners 50 and 60 arranged on the outer peripheral side (that is, radially outward) with respect to the burner 30 are composed of three first main burners 50 and second main burners, respectively. The burner 60 constitutes.

各主燃烧嘴50及60具有作为外周混合壁的混合室壁52和62，以及作为供给燃料的外周燃料喷嘴的燃料喷嘴59和69，上述混合室壁52和62形成作为在轴线方向上朝向下游敞开的外周混合室的混合室51及61。在轴线方向上比燃烧室20配置在更靠上游侧的混合室壁52及62由上游壁部52a和62a，以及圆筒状的下游壁部52b和62b构成，在其内部形成混合室51及61，上述上游壁部52a及62a具有以燃烧器轴线C2为中心在轴线方向上朝向燃烧室20扩开的圆锥状的混合气室壁面53及63，上述下游壁部52b及62b与上述上游壁部52a及62a相连且朝向下游延伸。混合室壁52及62具有圆柱面形状的外周面。Each of the main burners 50 and 60 has mixing chamber walls 52 and 62 as outer peripheral mixing walls, and fuel nozzles 59 and 69 as outer peripheral fuel nozzles for supplying fuel, the mixing chamber walls 52 and 62 being formed as facing downstream in the axial direction. Mixing chambers 51 and 61 are open peripheral mixing chambers. The mixing chamber walls 52 and 62 arranged on the upstream side of the combustion chamber 20 in the axial direction are composed of upstream wall portions 52a and 62a, and cylindrical downstream wall portions 52b and 62b, and the mixing chamber 51 and the mixing chamber 51 are formed therein. 61. The above-mentioned upstream wall portions 52a and 62a have conical air-mixing chamber wall surfaces 53 and 63 that expand toward the combustion chamber 20 in the axial direction with the burner axis C2 as the center, and the above-mentioned downstream wall portions 52b and 62b Portions 52a and 62a are connected and extend downstream. The mixing chamber walls 52 and 62 have cylindrical outer peripheral surfaces.

虽然主燃烧嘴50及60基本上是与燃烧嘴30相同的结构，但是在该混合室51及61中，为了促进燃烧用空气与燃料的混合，轴线方向上的长度比燃烧嘴30的混合室31更长。Although the main burners 50 and 60 basically have the same structure as the burner 30, in the mixing chambers 51 and 61, in order to promote the mixing of combustion air and fuel, the length in the axial direction is longer than that of the burner 30. 31 is longer.

在上游壁部52a及62a上形成有将燃烧用空气，或者将燃烧用空气与燃料一起导入混合室51及61的多个空气导入孔55～57及65～67。空气导入孔55～57及65～67配置成在轴线方向上排列作为多列的三列。此外，第二列R2在轴线方向上比第一列R1靠近燃烧嘴30的出口以及主燃烧嘴50和60的出口。A plurality of air introduction holes 55 to 57 and 65 to 67 are formed in the upstream wall portions 52a and 62a to introduce combustion air, or the combustion air together with fuel, into the mixing chambers 51 and 61 . The air introduction holes 55 to 57 and 65 to 67 are arranged in three rows as a plurality of rows in the axial direction. In addition, the second row R2 is closer to the outlet of the burner 30 and the outlets of the main burners 50 and 60 than the first row R1 in the axial direction.

燃料喷嘴59及69由形成在主燃烧嘴50及60的上游部的燃料歧管部59a及69a，以及使燃料歧管部59a及69a与空气导入孔55～57及65～67连通的燃料喷孔59b及69b构成。The fuel nozzles 59 and 69 are composed of fuel manifold portions 59a and 69a formed on the upstream portions of the main burners 50 and 60, and fuel injection nozzles that communicate the fuel manifold portions 59a and 69a with the air introduction holes 55-57 and 65-67. The holes 59b and 69b are formed.

从燃料供给系统7所具备的燃料供给装置45及46供给到燃料歧管部59a及69a的燃料，从燃料喷孔59b及69b喷出并供给到空气导入孔55～57及65～67内。The fuel supplied to the fuel manifolds 59a and 69a from the fuel supply devices 45 and 46 included in the fuel supply system 7 is injected from the fuel injection holes 59b and 69b and supplied into the air introduction holes 55-57 and 65-67.

供给到空气导入孔55～57及65～67的燃料在空气导入孔55～57和65～67的内部以及混合室51和61的内部与燃烧用空气混合，在主燃烧嘴50及60的下游的燃烧室20形成预混合火焰，开始预混合燃烧。The fuel supplied to the air introduction holes 55 to 57 and 65 to 67 is mixed with the combustion air inside the air introduction holes 55 to 57 and 65 to 67 and inside the mixing chambers 51 and 61 , and the fuel is mixed with the combustion air downstream of the main burners 50 and 60 . The combustion chamber 20 forms a premixed flame and starts premixed combustion.

这样，主燃料喷嘴50的结构与主燃料喷嘴60的结构相同，另一方面从与主燃料喷嘴60的燃料供给装置46不同的燃料供给装置45供给燃料。因此，燃烧嘴30从燃料供给装置20供给燃料，三个主燃烧嘴50从燃料供给装置45供给燃料，其他三个主燃烧嘴60从燃料供给装置46供给燃料。Thus, the structure of the main fuel nozzle 50 is the same as that of the main fuel nozzle 60 , while the fuel is supplied from the fuel supply device 45 different from the fuel supply device 46 of the main fuel nozzle 60 . Therefore, the burner 30 is supplied with fuel from the fuel supply device 20 , the three main burners 50 are supplied with fuel from the fuel supply device 45 , and the other three main burners 60 are supplied with fuel from the fuel supply device 46 .

接着，参照图9对具备实施例二的燃气轮机燃烧器4的燃气轮机1(参照图1)的运转方法进行说明。Next, an operating method of the gas turbine 1 (see FIG. 1 ) provided with the gas turbine combustor 4 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 9 .

作为燃气轮机1运转状态的指标的负荷，从负荷a(无负荷)到未满负荷b的负荷状态下，燃料供给到燃烧嘴30，单独由燃烧嘴30来运转燃气轮机1。在从负荷b到未满负荷c的负荷状态下，在负荷b降低燃烧嘴30的燃料流量，另一方面燃料供给到主燃烧嘴50，由燃烧嘴30与主燃烧嘴50来运转燃气轮机1。从负荷c到额定负荷d的负荷状态下，在负荷c降低燃烧嘴30与主燃烧嘴50的燃料流量，另一方面燃料供给到主燃烧嘴60，由燃烧嘴30以及主燃烧嘴50和60的所有燃烧嘴来运转燃气轮机1。The load, which is an indicator of the operating state of the gas turbine 1 , is from a load a (no load) to a load state less than full load b, fuel is supplied to the burner 30 , and the burner 30 alone operates the gas turbine 1 . In the load state from the load b to the sub-full load c, the fuel flow rate of the burner 30 is reduced at the load b, while the fuel is supplied to the main burner 50, and the gas turbine 1 is operated by the burner 30 and the main burner 50. Under the load state from load c to rated load d, the fuel flow rate of burner 30 and main burner 50 is reduced at load c, and fuel is supplied to main burner 60 on the other hand, by burner 30 and main burner 50 and 60 All burners of the gas turbine 1 are operated.

在作为额定运转状态下的负荷的额定负荷d下，在确保了燃烧稳定性之后，通过调整燃烧嘴30的燃料流量与主燃烧嘴50及60的燃料流量的比例，可以进行低NO_x的燃烧。Low_NOx combustion can be performed by adjusting the ratio of the fuel flow rate of the burner 30 to the fuel flow rate of the main burners 50 and 60 after the combustion stability is secured under the rated load d which is the load in the rated operating state. .

这样，在实施例二中，燃烧嘴30配置在燃烧器10的燃烧器轴线C2的中央部上，在其外周侧配置有六个主燃烧嘴50及60，在额定运转状态下，通过调整进行扩散燃烧的燃烧嘴30与进行预混合燃烧的主燃烧嘴50及60的燃料流量比例，可以同时实现低NO_x运转与燃烧稳定性。In this way, in the second embodiment, the burner 30 is arranged on the central part of the burner axis C2 of the burner 10, and six main burners 50 and 60 are arranged on the outer peripheral side thereof. The fuel flow rate ratio of the burner 30 for diffusion combustion and the main burner 50 and 60 for premixed combustion can realize low NO_x operation and combustion stability at the same time.

但是，认为：如图7及图8所示，在燃烧嘴30的外周侧配置有主燃烧嘴50及60，并且在其外周上配置有火花塞13及火焰传播管15的燃烧器中，燃烧器点火时，由于从主燃烧嘴50及60喷出的燃烧用空气，燃烧嘴30的点火特性及火焰传播特性会降低。However, it is considered that, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 , the main burners 50 and 60 are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the burner 30, and the spark plug 13 and the flame propagation tube 15 are arranged on the outer periphery of the burner. At the time of ignition, the ignition characteristic and the flame propagation characteristic of the burner 30 are degraded by the combustion air injected from the main burner 50 and 60 .

此外，在本实施例二的燃烧器10中，如图9所示，从作为引燃嘴的燃烧器30单独运转的状态开始，在负荷b下燃料供给到主燃烧嘴50并在主燃烧嘴50开始预混合燃烧，进一步在负荷c下燃料供给到主燃烧嘴60，所有燃烧嘴开始运转。因此，在主燃烧嘴50及60开始或停止预混合燃烧时，根据负荷状态存在燃烧变得不稳定的情况，因此，稳定地运转燃气轮机1的范围优选燃料供给到所有燃烧嘴30、50及60的负荷c以上的高负荷的运转状态。另一方面，通过将作为开始向所有燃烧嘴30、50及60供给燃料的运转状态的负荷c设定地低，从而由于扩大了能够应用的燃气轮机1的负荷范围，增加了运转自由度。In addition, in the burner 10 of the present embodiment 2, as shown in FIG. 50 starts premixed combustion, and further fuel is supplied to the main burner 60 under load c, and all burners start to operate. Therefore, when the main burners 50 and 60 start or stop the premixed combustion, the combustion may become unstable depending on the load state. Therefore, it is preferable to supply the fuel to all the burners 30, 50 and 60 in the range where the gas turbine 1 is operated stably. The operating state of high load above the load c. On the other hand, by setting the load c which is the operating state to start supplying fuel to all the burners 30, 50, and 60 low, the load range of the applicable gas turbine 1 is expanded, and the degree of freedom of operation is increased.

于是，在实施例二中，通过属于第二列R2的空气导入孔36形成为来自该空气导入孔36的混合气m3及m4分别指向主燃烧嘴50及60的出口喷出，使高温的燃烧气体供给到主燃烧嘴50及60的出口。因此，即使在从主燃烧嘴50及60供给而来的混合气的燃料浓度低的条件下，即燃气轮机1的负荷低的运转状态下，在主燃烧嘴50及60中也能够开始预混合燃烧，所以可以将所有燃烧嘴30、50及60中的燃烧的开始负荷即负荷c设定为低负荷，可以扩大燃气轮机1的应用负荷带。Therefore, in the second embodiment, the air-introduction holes 36 belonging to the second row R2 are formed so that the mixed gas m3 and m4 from the air-introduction holes 36 are sprayed toward the outlets of the main burners 50 and 60 respectively, so that the high-temperature combustion The gas is supplied to the outlets of the main burners 50 and 60 . Therefore, even under the condition that the fuel concentration of the air-fuel mixture supplied from the main burners 50 and 60 is low, that is, in the operating state where the load of the gas turbine 1 is low, premixed combustion can be started in the main burners 50 and 60 Therefore, the load c which is the starting load of combustion in all the burners 30, 50, and 60 can be set to a low load, and the application load range of the gas turbine 1 can be expanded.

此外，如图8所示，与实施例一相同，在燃烧器11中，由于来自特定空气导入孔35a的混合气m1指向火花塞13的点火部13a喷出，来自特定空气导入孔35b的混合气m2指向火焰传播管15a喷出，从而在火花塞13及火焰传播管15的设置位置上能够供给燃料浓度高的混合气m1及m2，所以提高了燃气轮机1启动时的点火特性及火焰传播特性。In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, as in the first embodiment, in the burner 11, since the mixture m1 from the specific air introduction hole 35a is directed toward the ignition part 13a of the spark plug 13, the mixture m1 from the specific air introduction hole 35b M2 is sprayed toward the flame propagation pipe 15a, so that the mixture m1 and m2 with high fuel concentration can be supplied to the installation positions of the spark plug 13 and the flame propagation pipe 15, so the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics of the gas turbine 1 are improved when starting.

并且，由于火花塞13及火焰传播管15在周向上配置在主燃烧嘴50与60的大致中间处，所以混合气m1及m2很难受到从主燃烧嘴50及60喷出的燃烧用空气或者混合气的影响，在这一点上也提高了点火特性及火焰传播特性。In addition, since the spark plug 13 and the flame propagation pipe 15 are disposed approximately in the middle of the main burners 50 and 60 in the circumferential direction, it is difficult for the mixture m1 and m2 to receive the combustion air or the mixed gas jetted from the main burners 50 and 60 . The influence of gas also improves the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics at this point.

此外，形成有六个燃烧嘴30的空气导入孔35，形成有十二个空气导入孔36，在燃烧嘴30的外周侧配置有六个主燃烧嘴50及60，如上所示，形成于燃烧嘴30上的空气导入孔36的数量为主燃烧嘴50及60的数量的整数倍，同时通过第一列R1的空气导入孔35在周向上位置的设定，能够将在燃烧嘴30产生的混合气有效地利用于提高燃气轮机1的启动时的点火特性及火焰传播特性，并且通过第二列R2的空气导入孔36的周向上的配置的设定，由于能够将燃烧嘴30的燃烧气体的热能量高效地传递到进行预混合燃烧的主燃烧嘴50及60，所以可以从燃气轮机1的负荷低的时候开始所有燃烧嘴的运转，在这一点上，也可以扩大使燃气轮机1稳定地运转的负荷范围。In addition, six air introduction holes 35 of the burner 30 are formed, twelve air introduction holes 36 are formed, and six main burners 50 and 60 are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the burner 30. The quantity of the air introduction holes 36 on the nozzle 30 is an integer multiple of the number of the main burners 50 and 60, and the setting of the air introduction holes 35 in the first row R1 in the circumferential direction can make the burner 30 produce The mixed gas is effectively used to improve the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics at the start of the gas turbine 1, and the setting of the circumferential arrangement of the air introduction holes 36 of the second row R2, since the combustion gas of the burner 30 can be adjusted Since heat energy is efficiently transferred to the main burners 50 and 60 that perform premixed combustion, it is possible to start the operation of all the burners when the load on the gas turbine 1 is low, and in this regard, it is also possible to expand the scope for stabilizing the operation of the gas turbine 1. load range.

此外，因为喷出指向点火部13a及出入口15a的混合气m1及m2的特定空气导入孔35a及35b，以及喷出指向主燃烧嘴50及60的混合气m3及m4的空气导入孔36分成第一、第二列R1、R2来设置，所以混合室壁32的空气导入孔35及36的配置及形状的自由度变大，在提高点火特性及火焰传播特性的观点上良好的空气导入孔35及36的设计变得容易。In addition, since the specific air introduction holes 35a and 35b for ejecting the mixed gas m1 and m2 directed to the ignition part 13a and the inlet and outlet 15a, and the air inlet holes 36 for ejecting the mixed gas m3 and m4 directed to the main burners 50 and 60 are divided into the second 1. The second row R1, R2 is provided, so the degree of freedom in the arrangement and shape of the air introduction holes 35 and 36 of the mixing chamber wall 32 is increased, and the air introduction hole 35 is good in terms of improving ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics. and 36 designs made easy.

此外，由于空气导入孔36的数量是主燃烧嘴50及60的数量的整数倍，所以能够将喷出指向主燃烧嘴50及60而流动的混合气的空气导入孔36均匀地分配到各主燃烧嘴50及60，并且由此多个空气导入孔36的配置及形状的均匀化变得容易，可以使燃烧嘴30的结构变简单，同时提高燃烧的稳定性。并且，因为在比第一例R1位于更下游的第二列R2上，存在比第一列R1多的空气导入孔，所以能够使向下游流动的混合气更加可靠地指向主燃烧嘴50及60。In addition, since the number of the air introduction holes 36 is an integral multiple of the number of the main burners 50 and 60, the air introduction holes 36 that discharge the air-fuel mixture flowing toward the main burners 50 and 60 can be evenly distributed to the main burners 50 and 60. The burners 50 and 60, and thus the arrangement and shape uniformity of the plurality of air introduction holes 36 become easy, the structure of the burner 30 can be simplified, and the stability of combustion can be improved at the same time. In addition, since the second row R2 located further downstream than the first row R1 has more air introduction holes than the first row R1, the air-fuel mixture flowing downstream can be directed to the main burners 50 and 60 more reliably. .

实施例三Embodiment three

参照图10～图12对本发明的实施例三进行说明。Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12 .

参照图10及图11，实施例三的燃气轮机燃烧器4所具备的燃烧器10的燃烧嘴70及80由相当于实施例二的燃烧嘴30的引燃嘴70，以及主燃烧嘴80构成。Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11 , the burners 70 and 80 of the burner 10 included in the gas turbine combustor 4 of the third embodiment are composed of a pilot burner 70 corresponding to the burner 30 of the second embodiment and a main burner 80 .

引燃嘴70具有形成在轴线方向上朝向下游敞开的圆锥状混合室71的混合室壁72，以及作为供给燃料的中央喷嘴的燃料喷嘴79。混合室壁72的混合室壁面73形成为圆锥面状，并形成圆锥状的混合室71。The pilot nozzle 70 has a mixing chamber wall 72 forming a conical mixing chamber 71 opened toward the downstream in the axial direction, and a fuel nozzle 79 as a center nozzle for supplying fuel. The mixing chamber wall surface 73 of the mixing chamber wall 72 is formed in a conical shape, and forms the conical mixing chamber 71 .

此外，在混合室壁72上，将燃烧用空气，或者将燃烧用空气与燃料一起导入混合室71的多个空气导入孔75及76以在轴线方向上排列为第一、第二列R1及R2的方式配置，其上游侧配置有向各空气导入孔75及76内喷出并供给燃料的燃料喷嘴79。In addition, on the mixing chamber wall 72, a plurality of air introduction holes 75 and 76 for introducing combustion air, or introducing combustion air and fuel together into the mixing chamber 71 are arranged in the axial direction in first and second rows R1 and It is arranged in the form of R2, and a fuel nozzle 79 that injects and supplies fuel into each of the air introduction holes 75 and 76 is arranged on the upstream side.

第一列R1由数量为一个以上(这里是作为多个的六个)的在周向上隔开间隔地形成的空气导入孔75构成，第二列R2由数量为一个以上(这里是作为多个的十二个)在周向上隔开间隔地形成的空气导入孔76构成。The first row R1 is composed of one or more (here, six as a plurality) air introduction holes 75 formed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the second row R2 is composed of one or more (here, a plurality of air introduction holes 75). Twelve) air introduction holes 76 formed at intervals in the circumferential direction.

此外，空气导入孔75及76具有直线部75c和76c，以及在直线部75c及76c下游侧相连的偏向部75d和76d。作为空气导入孔75及76的出口部的偏向部75d及76d向轴线方向及周向偏向而形成，以使在混合室71内由从空气导入孔75及76喷出的燃烧用空气或者混合气来生成回旋流。包含了空气导入孔75及76的入口部的直线部75c及76c从偏向部75d及76d朝向上游与轴线方向大致平行地延伸，轴线方向上的长度形成为比偏向部75d及76d的轴线方向方向长度的两倍还长。In addition, the air introduction holes 75 and 76 have straight portions 75c and 76c, and deflection portions 75d and 76d connected downstream of the straight portions 75c and 76c. The deflection parts 75d and 76d, which are the outlets of the air introduction holes 75 and 76, are formed to be deflected in the axial direction and the circumferential direction so that the combustion air or the air-fuel mixture injected from the air introduction holes 75 and 76 in the mixing chamber 71 to generate swirling flow. The linear portions 75c and 76c including the inlet portions of the air introduction holes 75 and 76 extend from the deflection portions 75d and 76d toward the upstream and substantially parallel to the axial direction, and the length in the axial direction is formed to be longer than the axial direction direction of the deflection portions 75d and 76d. Twice as long as it is.

此外，来自燃料供给装置41的燃料供给到具有燃料歧管部79a的燃料喷嘴79，以来自燃料喷嘴79的燃料供给到各空气导入孔75内的方式喷出。In addition, fuel from the fuel supply device 41 is supplied to the fuel nozzle 79 having the fuel manifold portion 79 a, and the fuel from the fuel nozzle 79 is supplied to each air introduction hole 75 and is injected.

相对于引燃嘴70配置在外周侧的主燃烧嘴80具有形成在轴线方向上朝向下游敞开的混合室81的圆筒状混合室壁82，以及供给燃料的燃料喷嘴89。作为外周混合室壁的混合室壁82由外周室壁82a及内周室壁82b构成。The main burner 80 disposed on the outer peripheral side with respect to the pilot burner 70 has a cylindrical mixing chamber wall 82 forming a mixing chamber 81 opened downstream in the axial direction, and a fuel nozzle 89 for supplying fuel. The mixing chamber wall 82 as the outer peripheral mixing chamber wall is composed of an outer peripheral chamber wall 82 a and an inner peripheral chamber wall 82 b.

轴线方向长度比混合室71的轴线方向长的混合室81在轴线方向上延伸并具有环状，在混合室81的上游侧设置有燃料喷嘴89，在混合室81的出口处设置有圆环状的阻流体84。The mixing chamber 81 , which is longer in the axial direction than the mixing chamber 71 in the axial direction, extends in the axial direction and has an annular shape. The bluff body 84.

来自燃料供给系统7所具备的燃料供给装置47的燃料供给到具有燃料歧管部88的燃料喷嘴89。从燃料喷嘴89喷出的燃料在混合室81内与燃烧用空气混合并生成混合气。该混合气朝向燃烧室20流向下游，通过在阻流体84下游形成的循环流的作用，稳定地进行预混合燃烧。此外，径向上在引燃嘴70与主燃烧嘴30之间，设置有引燃嘴圆锥体78。Fuel from a fuel supply device 47 included in the fuel supply system 7 is supplied to a fuel nozzle 89 having a fuel manifold portion 88 . Fuel injected from the fuel nozzle 89 is mixed with combustion air in the mixing chamber 81 to generate an air-fuel mixture. This air-fuel mixture flows downstream toward the combustion chamber 20 , and is stably premixed and combusted by the circulating flow formed downstream of the bluff body 84 . Furthermore, a pilot cone 78 is arranged radially between the pilot burner 70 and the main burner 30 .

参照图11，主燃烧嘴80的混合室81通过设置在该混合室71内的四个作为隔壁部件的隔壁87，被分割成作为四个分割混合室的混合室81a～81d。还有，与四个混合室81a～81d对应，燃料供给装置47也分割为数量与混合室81a～81d相同的四个作为分割燃料供给装置的燃料供给装置47a～47d而单独构成，同样，燃料喷嘴89分割为四个作为分割燃料喷嘴的燃料喷嘴89a～89d，以使来自各燃料供给装置47a～47d的燃料单独进行供给。Referring to FIG. 11 , the mixing chamber 81 of the main burner 80 is divided into mixing chambers 81 a to 81 d as four divided mixing chambers by four partition walls 87 serving as partition wall members provided in the mixing chamber 71 . In addition, corresponding to the four mixing chambers 81a-81d, the fuel supply device 47 is also divided into four fuel supply devices 47a-47d which are the same number as the mixing chambers 81a-81d, and are separately constituted. The nozzle 89 is divided into four fuel nozzles 89a to 89d which are divided fuel nozzles so that the fuels from the respective fuel supply devices 47a to 47d are supplied individually.

因此，主燃烧嘴80由作为四个分割主燃烧嘴的主燃烧嘴80a～80d构成，主燃烧嘴80a～80d具备由形成各混合室81a～81d的混合室壁82的各部分及隔壁87构成的混合室壁，以及燃料喷嘴89a～89d。并且，可以对供给到四个燃料喷嘴89a～89d的燃料单独进行控制。Therefore, the main burner 80 is composed of the main burners 80a to 80d which are four divided main burners, and the main burners 80a to 80d are provided with each part of the mixing chamber wall 82 forming the respective mixing chambers 81a to 81d and a partition wall 87. The walls of the mixing chamber, and the fuel nozzles 89a-89d. In addition, the fuel supplied to the four fuel nozzles 89a to 89d can be individually controlled.

这样，在实施例3中的燃烧器10具备主燃烧嘴80以及引燃嘴70，其中，主燃烧嘴通过混合室81在轴线方向上比引燃嘴70的混合室71更长，构成促进了燃料与燃烧用空气的混合的超低NO_x型燃烧嘴，引燃嘴70通过空气导入孔75及76的轴线方向长度具有直线部75c及76c，从而比仅大致相当于偏向部75d及76d实施例一及二的空气导入孔35及36更长。In this way, the burner 10 in Embodiment 3 is equipped with the main burner 80 and the pilot burner 70, wherein the main burner is longer than the mixing chamber 71 of the pilot burner 70 in the axial direction through the mixing chamber 81, and the structure promotes In an ultra-low NO_x type burner for mixing fuel and combustion air, the length of the pilot nozzle 70 in the axial direction through the air inlet holes 75 and 76 has straight portions 75c and 76c, so that the ratio is only roughly equivalent to the deflection portions 75d and 76d. The air introduction holes 35 and 36 of Examples 1 and 2 are longer.

在引燃嘴70中，混合室壁面73为圆锥面状，上游端壁面74为平板状，从而在空气导入孔75及76上能够将直线部75c及76c形成为与轴线方向平行地延伸的形状，所以在空气导入孔75及76内充分促进燃烧用空气与燃料的混合，可以减少来自在引燃嘴70形成的火焰的NO_x排出量。In the pilot burner 70, the mixing chamber wall surface 73 is conical, and the upstream end wall surface 74 is flat, so that the linear portions 75c and 76c can be formed in a shape extending parallel to the axial direction in the air introduction holes 75 and 76. Therefore, the mixing of combustion air and fuel is sufficiently promoted in the air introduction holes 75 and 76, and the amount of NO_x emitted from the flame formed in the pilot burner 70 can be reduced.

此外，在本实施例3中，引燃嘴70的内周侧(或者上游侧)的空气导入孔75以在周向上的数量为六个的方式形成，外周侧(或者下游侧)的空气导入孔76以在周向上的数量为十二个的方式形成。由此，在相对于空气导入孔75成为径向外方的空气导入孔76中，其长度比空气导入孔75的长度还长，所以在数量多的空气导入孔76中，燃烧用空气与燃料的混合距离变长，促进了混合，有利于低NO_x化。In addition, in the present embodiment 3, the number of air introduction holes 75 on the inner peripheral side (or upstream side) of the pilot burner 70 is formed so as to be six in the circumferential direction, and the air introduction holes 75 on the outer peripheral side (or downstream side) The number of holes 76 in the circumferential direction is twelve. As a result, the air introduction holes 76 radially outward with respect to the air introduction holes 75 are longer than the length of the air introduction holes 75, so that the combustion air and the fuel are mixed in a large number of air introduction holes 76. The mixing distance becomes longer, which promotes mixing and is beneficial to low_NOx .

并且，空气导入孔75及76的偏向部75d及76d向轴线方向及周向偏向，所以与此相关的效果与实施例一及二相同。In addition, since the deflection portions 75d and 76d of the air introduction holes 75 and 76 are deflected in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, the effects related thereto are the same as those of the first and second embodiments.

具体而言，根据实施例三，从燃料喷嘴79喷出的燃料在各空气导入孔75及76内与燃烧用空气混合，喷出到混合室71内。并且，由于空气导入孔75及76向轴线方向及周向偏向，在混合室71内生成回旋流。此外，通过调整空气导入孔75及76的偏向角，可以控制从空气导入孔75及76喷出的混合气的喷出方向。Specifically, according to the third embodiment, the fuel injected from the fuel nozzle 79 is mixed with the combustion air in the respective air introduction holes 75 and 76 and injected into the mixing chamber 71 . Furthermore, since the air introduction holes 75 and 76 are deviated in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, a swirling flow is generated in the mixing chamber 71 . In addition, by adjusting the deflection angles of the air introduction holes 75 and 76 , it is possible to control the ejection direction of the air-fuel mixture ejected from the air introduction holes 75 and 76 .

并且，如图11所示，由于混合气m1及m2从空气导入孔75的特定空气导入孔75a及75b指向火花塞13的点火部13a及火焰传播管15的出入口15a而喷出，在点火部13a、出入口15a及其附近形成了燃料浓度高的混合气，在燃气轮机1(参照图1)的启动时，提高了点火特性及火焰传播特性。And, as shown in Fig. 11, since the mixed gas m1 and m2 are ejected from the specific air introduction holes 75a and 75b of the air introduction hole 75 toward the ignition part 13a of the spark plug 13 and the inlet and outlet 15a of the flame propagation pipe 15, the ignition part 13a , The inlet and outlet 15a and its vicinity form a mixture with a high fuel concentration, and when the gas turbine 1 (see FIG. 1 ) is started, the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics are improved.

此外，通过从空气导入孔76喷出的混合气m3向主燃烧嘴80的各主燃烧嘴80a～80d的阻流体84(参照图10)的下游部喷出，从而在主燃烧嘴80开始预混合燃烧时，高温的燃烧气体供给到阻流体84的下游部，所以可以在燃料浓度低的条件下开始预混合燃烧，提高了在主燃烧嘴80中开始预混合燃烧时的燃烧特性(以下称为“切换特性”)。In addition, when the air-fuel mixture m3 injected from the air introduction hole 76 is injected to the downstream portion of the bluff body 84 (see FIG. 10 ) of each of the main burners 80 a to 80 d of the main burner 80 , the pre-heating at the main burner 80 starts. During the mixed combustion, the high-temperature combustion gas is supplied to the downstream portion of the bluff body 84, so that the premixed combustion can be started under the condition of low fuel concentration, and the combustion characteristics at the start of the premixed combustion in the main burner 80 are improved (hereinafter referred to as as a "toggle feature").

接着，参照图10及图11，主要是参照图12对本实施例三的燃气轮机燃烧器4的运转方法进行以下说明。Next, referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , mainly referring to FIG. 12 , the operation method of the gas turbine combustor 4 according to the third embodiment will be described below.

燃气轮机1(参照图1)启动后，燃气轮机1达到无负荷额定旋转速度状态的图12所示的负荷e，这是燃料仅供给到引燃嘴70的状态，燃气轮机1的负荷上升。After the gas turbine 1 (see FIG. 1 ) is started, the gas turbine 1 reaches the load e shown in FIG. 12 in the no-load rated rotational speed state.

若燃气轮机1的负荷达到负荷f，则使流向引燃嘴70的燃料流量下降，燃料供给到主燃烧嘴80a，在阻流体84中，与混合室81a对应的部分的下游侧形成预混合火焰。此时，引燃嘴70与主燃烧嘴80a的燃料流量大致相等，从混合室71喷出的混合气在阻流体84的下游侧能够得到来自引燃嘴70的高温燃烧气体的高的热能量，所以形成于混合室81a的下游的预混合火焰的切换特性良好。When the load of the gas turbine 1 reaches the load f, the fuel flow rate to the pilot burner 70 is reduced, the fuel is supplied to the main burner 80a, and a premixed flame is formed on the downstream side of the part corresponding to the mixing chamber 81a in the bluff body 84 . At this time, the fuel flow rates of the pilot burner 70 and the main burner 80a are approximately equal, and the mixed gas ejected from the mixing chamber 71 can obtain high heat energy of the high-temperature combustion gas from the pilot burner 70 on the downstream side of the bluff body 84 , so the switching characteristics of the premixed flame formed downstream of the mixing chamber 81a are good.

若燃气轮机1的负荷上升并达到负荷g，则燃料也供给到主燃烧嘴80b，在负荷h下燃料也供给到主燃烧嘴80b，虽然分别开始预混合燃烧，但是相对于进行预混合燃烧的燃烧流量的引燃嘴70的燃料流量的比例下降，所以存在切换裕度下降(或者变小)的倾向。When the load of the gas turbine 1 increases and reaches the load g, the fuel is also supplied to the main burner 80b, and the fuel is also supplied to the main burner 80b under the load h, and premixed combustion is started respectively, but compared to the combustion in which the premixed combustion is performed The ratio of the flow rate to the fuel flow rate of the pilot burner 70 decreases, so the switching margin tends to decrease (or become smaller).

这里，切换裕度是切换时用于确保燃烧稳定性的燃空比的允许范围的宽度的指标，切换裕度越高(或者大)，越能够在大燃空比范围内进行确保了所需的燃烧稳定性的切换，提高了切换特性。Here, the switching margin is an indicator of the width of the allowable range of the fuel-air ratio for ensuring combustion stability during switching. Combustion stability switching, improved switching characteristics.

负荷i是引燃嘴70及主燃烧嘴80的整体(因此，主燃烧嘴80a～80d)开始燃烧的负荷，是为了使引燃嘴70的燃料流量相对于主燃烧嘴80的燃料流量的比例下降，从引燃嘴70供给而来的热能量变小，切换特性的上述切换裕度下降的运转状态。The load i is the load at which the pilot burner 70 and the main burner 80 as a whole (therefore, the main burners 80a to 80d) start combustion, and is the ratio of the fuel flow rate of the pilot burner 70 to the fuel flow rate of the main burner 80 Decrease, the heat energy supplied from the pilot burner 70 becomes smaller, and the above-mentioned switching margin of the switching characteristic is reduced.

但是，在本实施例三中，因为混合气m5从第一列R1的空气导入孔75喷出到各混合室81a～81d的下游侧，并且混合气m3从第二列R2的空气导入孔76喷出到各混合室81a～81d的下游侧，所以可以在与各混合室81a～81d对应的位置上，将高温的燃烧气体集中在阻流体84的下游，可以提高在负荷i的切换特性。However, in the third embodiment, since the mixed gas m5 is ejected from the air introduction holes 75 of the first row R1 to the downstream sides of the respective mixing chambers 81a to 81d, and the mixed gas m3 is ejected from the air inlet holes 76 of the second row R2 Since it is sprayed to the downstream side of each mixing chamber 81a-81d, the high-temperature combustion gas can be concentrated downstream of the bluff body 84 at the position corresponding to each mixing chamber 81a-81d, and the switching characteristic at load i can be improved.

此外，在主燃烧嘴80的混合室81分割为数量为四的混合室81a～81d的本实施例三中，引燃嘴70的空气导入孔76的数量为12个，空气导入孔76的数量是混合室81a～81d的数量的整数倍，从而可以将引燃嘴70产生的燃烧气体的热能量均匀地供给到各混合室81a～81d的下游。In addition, in the third embodiment in which the mixing chamber 81 of the main burner 80 is divided into four mixing chambers 81a-81d, the number of the air introduction holes 76 of the pilot burner 70 is 12, and the number of the air introduction holes 76 It is an integer multiple of the number of mixing chambers 81a to 81d, so that the thermal energy of the combustion gas generated by the pilot burner 70 can be uniformly supplied to the downstream of each mixing chambers 81a to 81d.

并且，通过使属于引燃嘴70的内周侧的第一列R1的空气导入孔75的数量为六，从而在火花塞13的点火部13a、火焰传播管15的出入口15a以及其附近形成燃料浓度高的混合气，同时在切换裕度最大程度地下降的负荷i中，从空气导入孔75及76喷出的混合气m5及m3喷出到混合室81d的出口及其附近，与混合室81b及81c相比从内周侧的空气导入孔75供给而来的混合气的量增倍，所以能够有效地利用燃烧气体的热能量，可以提高切换特性。And, by setting the number of air introduction holes 75 belonging to the first row R1 on the inner peripheral side of the pilot nozzle 70 to six, the fuel concentration is formed in the ignition part 13a of the spark plug 13, the inlet and outlet 15a of the flame propagation pipe 15, and the vicinity thereof. At the same time, in the load i where the switching margin is reduced to the greatest extent, the mixed gas m5 and m3 ejected from the air inlet holes 75 and 76 are ejected to the outlet of the mixing chamber 81d and its vicinity, and are connected with the mixing chamber 81b. Compared with 81c, the amount of air-fuel mixture supplied from the air inlet hole 75 on the inner peripheral side is doubled, so the thermal energy of the combustion gas can be effectively used, and the switching characteristics can be improved.

此外，如图12所示，在负荷i下，虽然通过增加引燃嘴70的燃料流量，以提高切换特性的方式来进行控制，但是若来自引燃嘴70的热能量过大，则预混合火焰部的温度上升，热NO_x的排出量将增加。于是，在负荷i下切换到全燃烧嘴燃烧后，通过降低引燃嘴70的燃烧流量，并增加主燃烧嘴80的燃烧流量，来降低NO_x排出量。In addition, as shown in Fig. 12, under the load i, although the fuel flow rate of the pilot burner 70 is increased to control the switching characteristics, if the thermal energy from the pilot burner 70 is too large, the premixing As the temperature of the flame rises, thermal_NOx emissions will increase. Therefore, after switching to full burner combustion under load i, the_NOx emission can be reduced by reducing the combustion flow rate of the pilot burner 70 and increasing the combustion flow rate of the main burner 80 .

这样，根据实施例三，能够延长空气导入孔75的轴线方向长度，通过将在空气导入孔75及76的出口处可调整从空气导入孔75喷出的燃烧用空气及混合气的喷出方向的引燃嘴70与，将混合室81在轴线方向上延长了的主燃烧嘴80组合，能够提供点火特性及火焰传播特性优良，且能够降低燃气轮机1的切换负荷，同时在额定负荷下可进行超低NO_x燃烧的燃气轮机燃烧器4。Like this, according to embodiment three, can prolong the axial direction length of air introduction hole 75, can adjust the ejection direction of the combustion air that sprays out from air introduction hole 75 and the mixed gas by putting in the outlet place of air introduction hole 75 and 76 The combination of the pilot burner 70 and the main burner 80 that extends the mixing chamber 81 in the axial direction can provide excellent ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics, and can reduce the switching load of the gas turbine 1, and at the same time it can be carried out under rated load. Gas Turbine Combustor for Ultra-Low_NOx Combustion4.

实施例四Embodiment four

参照图13及图14对本发明的实施例四进行以下说明。Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 .

实施例四的燃气轮机燃烧器4所具备的燃烧器10的燃烧嘴90及100由相当于实施例二的燃烧嘴30的引燃嘴90，以及主燃烧嘴100构成。The burners 90 and 100 of the burner 10 included in the gas turbine combustor 4 of the fourth embodiment are composed of a pilot burner 90 corresponding to the burner 30 of the second embodiment, and a main burner 100 .

引燃嘴90具有形成在轴线方向朝向燃烧室20敞开的混合室壁92，以及供给燃料的燃料喷嘴98及99。混合室壁92的混合室壁面93形成为圆锥面状，并形成圆锥状的混合室91。在混合室壁92上，喷出燃烧用空气与燃料的混合气的多个空气导入孔95及96在轴线方向上以排列成第一、第二列R1、R2两列的方式配置，在轴线方向上其上游侧相对的位置上，配置有将燃料喷出并供给到各空气导入孔95及96内的燃料喷嘴98。各空气导入孔95及96向轴线方向及周向偏向形成，以使在混合室91内由从空气导入孔95及96喷出的燃烧用空气或者混合气生成回旋流。The pilot nozzle 90 has a mixing chamber wall 92 formed to open toward the combustion chamber 20 in the axial direction, and fuel nozzles 98 and 99 to supply fuel. The mixing chamber wall surface 93 of the mixing chamber wall 92 is formed in a conical shape, and forms the conical mixing chamber 91 . On the mixing chamber wall 92, a plurality of air introduction holes 95 and 96 for injecting a mixture of combustion air and fuel are arranged in the axial direction in the first and second rows R1 and R2. A fuel nozzle 98 for injecting and supplying fuel into the air inlet holes 95 and 96 is disposed at a position opposite to the upstream side in the direction. Each of the air introduction holes 95 and 96 is deviated in the axial direction and the circumferential direction so that the combustion air or the air-fuel mixture injected from the air introduction holes 95 and 96 generates a swirling flow in the mixing chamber 91 .

燃料喷嘴98及99由作为第一燃料喷嘴的气体燃料喷嘴98，以及作为第二燃料喷嘴的液体燃料喷嘴99构成，气体燃料喷嘴98供给作为第一燃料的气体燃料，液体燃料喷嘴99供给作为第二燃料的液体燃料。The fuel nozzles 98 and 99 are composed of a gaseous fuel nozzle 98 as a first fuel nozzle, and a liquid fuel nozzle 99 as a second fuel nozzle. Two-fuel liquid fuel.

来自燃料供给系统7所具备的燃料供给装置41的燃料从具有燃料歧管部98a的燃料喷嘴98喷出供给到空气导入孔95及96内。Fuel from a fuel supply device 41 included in the fuel supply system 7 is ejected and supplied into the air introduction holes 95 and 96 from a fuel nozzle 98 having a fuel manifold portion 98 a.

此外，作为来自燃料供给系统7所具备的燃料供给装置47的液体燃料的燃料从设置在燃烧器轴线C2上的燃烧室20的上游侧的液体燃料喷嘴99喷出到混合室91。这样，因为各燃料喷嘴98及99的燃料是单独供给的，所以在引燃嘴90中，可以进行气体燃料的单独燃烧、液体燃料的单独燃烧、以及气体燃料与液体燃料的混合燃烧。Further, fuel, which is liquid fuel from the fuel supply device 47 included in the fuel supply system 7 , is injected into the mixing chamber 91 from a liquid fuel nozzle 99 provided on the upstream side of the combustion chamber 20 on the combustor axis C2 . In this way, since fuel is supplied individually to each of the fuel nozzles 98 and 99, in the pilot burner 90, single combustion of gaseous fuel, single combustion of liquid fuel, and mixed combustion of gaseous fuel and liquid fuel can be performed.

主燃烧嘴100在与引燃嘴90相对的外周侧，在周向上隔开间隔地配置有六个。各主燃烧嘴100以配置在同心圆上的多个空气导入孔105～107在以主燃烧嘴100的燃烧嘴中心线为中心的径向上排列成三列的方式配置。并且，主燃烧嘴100的上游侧，相对于空气导入孔105、106及107与大致同轴方向平行地配置有喷出并供给燃料的燃料喷嘴109。Six main burners 100 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral side opposite to the pilot burner 90 . Each main burner 100 is arranged such that a plurality of air introduction holes 105 to 107 arranged concentrically are arranged in three rows in a radial direction centering on the burner center line of the main burner 100 . Further, on the upstream side of the main burner 100 , a fuel nozzle 109 for injecting and supplying fuel is arranged parallel to the substantially coaxial direction with respect to the air introduction holes 105 , 106 , and 107 .

作为来自燃料供给系统7(参照图1)所具备的燃料供给装置48的气体燃料的燃料供给到具有燃料歧管部109a的燃料喷嘴109，来自燃料喷嘴109的燃料喷出并供给到各空气导入孔105～107内。Fuel that is gaseous fuel from the fuel supply device 48 included in the fuel supply system 7 (see FIG. 1 ) is supplied to the fuel nozzle 109 having the fuel manifold portion 109a, and the fuel from the fuel nozzle 109 is ejected and supplied to each air inlet. Inside the holes 105-107.

燃烧用空气与从燃料喷嘴109喷出的燃料一起，通过各空气导入孔105～107喷出到燃烧室20。由于燃烧用空气与燃料的混合气从空气导入孔105～107的狭窄空间喷出到燃烧室20的宽阔空间时，混合气的流动发生大的紊乱，促进了燃烧用空气与燃料在燃烧室20中的混合。Combustion air is injected into the combustion chamber 20 through the air introduction holes 105 to 107 together with the fuel injected from the fuel nozzle 109 . When the mixture of combustion air and fuel is ejected from the narrow space of the air inlet holes 105 to 107 into the wide space of the combustion chamber 20, the flow of the mixture is greatly disturbed, which promotes the combustion of the combustion air and fuel in the combustion chamber 20. in the mix.

在本实施例四中，在主燃烧嘴100上形成了多个空气导入孔105、106及107，由于以分别对应该多个空气导入孔105～107的方式来配置燃料喷嘴109，所以燃料预先对应于多个空气导入孔105～107的数量分散，增加了燃烧用空气与燃料的边界面积。由此，即使混合的轴线方向的距离短，也能够促进燃烧用空气与燃料的混合，进行超低NO_x燃烧。In the fourth embodiment, a plurality of air introduction holes 105, 106, and 107 are formed on the main burner 100, and since the fuel nozzle 109 is arranged to correspond to the plurality of air introduction holes 105-107, the fuel is preliminarily The boundary area between the combustion air and the fuel is increased corresponding to the dispersion of the number of the plurality of air introduction holes 105 to 107 . As a result, even if the distance in the axial direction of mixing is short, the mixing of combustion air and fuel can be promoted, and ultra-low_NOx combustion can be performed.

一般，混合室91的轴线方向长度较长的情况下，存在火焰逆流到混合室91内部的危险，但是实施例四的主燃烧嘴100使燃料与燃烧用空气在燃烧室20中混合，所以能够避免火焰逆流到主燃烧嘴100的危险性。Generally, when the length of the mixing chamber 91 in the axial direction is long, there is a danger of the flame flowing backward into the mixing chamber 91. However, the main burner 100 of the fourth embodiment mixes fuel and combustion air in the combustion chamber 20, so it can The danger of flame backflow to the main burner 100 is avoided.

在本实施例四中，如上所述，由于促进了燃料与燃烧用空气的混合，喷出到主燃烧嘴100的下游的混合气的燃料浓度均匀，有利于低NO_x燃烧。In the fourth embodiment, as mentioned above, since the mixing of fuel and combustion air is promoted, the fuel concentration of the mixed gas injected downstream of the main burner 100 is uniform, which is beneficial to low_NOx combustion.

但是，从由引燃嘴90形成的火焰接受热能量并开始预混合燃烧时，从主燃烧嘴100喷出的混合气中不存在燃料浓度均匀的浓度高的部分，所以认为混合气变得难于点火且点火特性下降。由此，如果燃气轮机1(参照图1)的负荷不变高，则所有燃烧嘴90及100中的燃烧将无法进行，其结果，存在运转燃气轮机1的负荷范围变窄的可能性。However, when the flame formed by the pilot burner 90 receives heat energy and starts the premixed combustion, there is no portion with a uniform fuel concentration in the air-fuel mixture ejected from the main burner 100, so it is considered that the air-fuel mixture becomes difficult to Ignition and ignition characteristics deteriorate. Therefore, if the load of the gas turbine 1 (see FIG. 1 ) does not increase, combustion in all the burners 90 and 100 cannot be performed, and as a result, the load range for operating the gas turbine 1 may be narrowed.

于是，如图14所示，在本实施例四中与实施例二相同，构成第一列R1的一个以上(这里是作为多个的六个)的空气导入孔95在周向上隔开间隔地形成，构成第二列R2的一个以上(这里是作为多个的十二个)的空气导入孔96在周向上隔开间隔地形成。因此，空气导入孔96的数量是主燃烧嘴100的数量的整数倍。Then, as shown in FIG. 14 , in the fourth embodiment, as in the second embodiment, the air introduction holes 95 of one or more (here, six as a plurality) constituting the first row R1 are spaced at intervals in the circumferential direction. One or more (here, a plurality of twelve) air introduction holes 96 constituting the second row R2 are formed at intervals in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the number of air introduction holes 96 is an integral multiple of the number of main burners 100 .

并且，来自空气导入孔95的特定空气导入孔95a及95b的混合气m1及m2分别指向火花塞13的点火部13a及火焰传播管15的出入口15a而喷出，来自空气导入孔96的混合气m3指向各主燃烧嘴100的出口而喷出。由此，由引燃嘴90形成的火焰(即燃烧气体)的热能量被高效率地利用于点火、火焰传播以及预混合火焰的点火，所以提高了点火特性、火焰传播特性以及切换特性。其结果，可以提供点火特性及火焰传播特性优良，且能够降低燃气轮机1的切换负荷，同时在额定负荷条件下可进行超低NO_x燃烧的燃气轮机燃烧器4。In addition, the air mixture m1 and m2 from the specific air introduction holes 95a and 95b of the air introduction hole 95 are respectively directed to the ignition part 13a of the spark plug 13 and the inlet and outlet 15a of the flame propagation pipe 15, and the air mixture m3 from the air introduction hole 96 It is directed to the outlet of each main burner 100 and sprayed out. As a result, the heat energy of the flame (that is, the combustion gas) formed by the pilot burner 90 is efficiently used for ignition, flame propagation, and ignition of the premixed flame, so that the ignition characteristics, flame propagation characteristics, and switching characteristics are improved. As a result, it is possible to provide a gas turbine combustor 4 that is excellent in ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics, can reduce the switching load of the gas turbine 1, and can perform ultra-low_NOx combustion under rated load conditions.

此外，由于本实施例四所使用的主燃烧嘴100不存在火焰逆流的情况，可以作为含有燃料速度快的氢的燃料所使用的低NO_x燃烧器来应用。将含有氢的燃料作为燃气轮机的燃料来利用时，由于氢的可燃范围广阔，一般以避免因点火时的点火失败而引起爆炸为目的，进行液体燃料(例如轻油)的点火及火焰传播之后，再进行含有氢的燃料的燃烧。In addition, since the main burner 100 used in the fourth embodiment does not have flame backflow, it can be used as a low_NOx burner for fuel containing hydrogen with a high fuel velocity. When hydrogen-containing fuel is used as fuel for gas turbines, since hydrogen has a wide flammable range, it is generally aimed at avoiding an explosion due to ignition failure during ignition. After ignition and flame propagation of liquid fuel (such as light oil), Combustion of fuel containing hydrogen is then carried out.

与此相对，本实施例四中，引燃嘴90具备气体燃料用的燃料喷嘴98及液体燃料用燃料喷嘴99中的两者，能够进行气体燃料的单独燃烧、气体燃料与液体燃料的混合燃烧、以及液体燃料的单独燃烧，并且液体燃料时的点火特性及火焰传播特性优良。因此，实施例四的燃气轮机燃烧器4对于将含有氢的燃料作为燃料的燃气轮机燃烧器有效。In contrast, in the fourth embodiment, the pilot burner 90 is provided with both the fuel nozzle 98 for gaseous fuel and the fuel nozzle 99 for liquid fuel, and can perform separate combustion of gaseous fuel and mixed combustion of gaseous fuel and liquid fuel. , And the separate combustion of liquid fuel, and the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics of liquid fuel are excellent. Therefore, the gas turbine combustor 4 of the fourth embodiment is effective for a gas turbine combustor that uses hydrogen-containing fuel as a fuel.

下面，关于对上述实施例的一部分结构进行变更而得到的实施例，对进行变更了的结构进行说明。Next, with regard to an embodiment obtained by modifying a part of the configuration of the above-described embodiments, the modified configuration will be described.

虽然实施例一的燃烧嘴11及实施例二～四的引燃嘴的混合室做成了朝向燃烧器的下游扩开的圆锥状，但是也可以是引燃嘴的下游侧形状为平板状或者中心部向下游侧突出的凸型，形成为来自空气导入孔的燃烧用空气、燃料与燃烧用空气的混合气指向火花塞的点火部、火焰传播管的出入口或者进行预混合燃烧的主燃烧嘴的出口而喷出，以有效地利用引燃嘴火焰的热能量的方式调整引燃嘴的空气导入孔的喷出方向即可。Although the combustion nozzle 11 of embodiment one and the mixing chamber of the pilot nozzles of embodiments two to four are made in a conical shape expanding toward the downstream of the burner, the downstream side shape of the pilot nozzle may also be flat or flat. The convex shape protruding from the center part to the downstream side is formed so that the combustion air from the air inlet hole or the mixture of fuel and combustion air is directed to the ignition part of the spark plug, the inlet and outlet of the flame propagation pipe, or the main burner for premixed combustion In order to effectively utilize the heat energy of the flame of the pilot burner, it is sufficient to adjust the spraying direction of the air inlet hole of the pilot burner.

空气导入通道也可以由管部件来形成。The air introduction passage may also be formed by a pipe member.

特定空气导入孔以外的空气导入孔中，也可以存在燃料不供给到该空气导入孔内的空气导入孔，在此时，该空气导入孔仅向混合室内喷出燃烧用空气。Among the air introduction holes other than the specific air introduction holes, there may be air introduction holes for which fuel is not supplied into the air introduction holes. In this case, the air introduction holes only inject combustion air into the mixing chamber.

从特定空气导入孔喷出的包含燃烧用空气以及燃料的混合气，在到达点火部13a或者出入口15a以及其附近之前，也可以通过偏向装置(例如偏向板、偏向用空气流)以指向点火部13a或者出入口15a以及其附近的方式进行偏向。The air mixture containing combustion air and fuel sprayed from the specific air inlet hole can also be directed to the ignition part by a deflection device (such as a deflection plate, deflection air flow) before reaching the ignition part 13a or the inlet and outlet 15a and its vicinity. 13a or the entrance and exit 15a and its vicinity are deflected.

也可以是第一列R1为下游侧，第二列R2为上游侧。The first row R1 may be on the downstream side, and the second row R2 may be on the upstream side.

多个空气导入通道也可以在径向上形成多列，在此时，起到与列在轴线方向上形成时相同的作用效果。此外，多个空气导入通道在轴线方向或者径向上形成三列以上的多列时，对于该多列的任意两列应用技术方案二中的第一、第二列。A plurality of air introduction passages may be formed in multiple rows in the radial direction, and in this case, the same function and effect as when the rows are formed in the axial direction are exerted. In addition, when the plurality of air introduction passages form more than three rows in the axial direction or in the radial direction, the first and second rows in technical solution 2 are applied to any two rows of the plurality of rows.

本发明不仅可以应用于发电用燃气轮机，还可以应用于构成同时供给热与电的热电联供系统的燃气轮机，或者泵、压缩机等的机械驱动用燃气轮机，以及其他各种燃气轮机的燃气轮机燃烧器。The present invention can be applied not only to gas turbines for power generation, but also to gas turbines constituting cogeneration systems that simultaneously supply heat and electricity, or gas turbines for mechanically driving pumps, compressors, etc., and gas turbine combustors of various other gas turbines.

Claims (5)

1. a gas turbine burner, possesses: the burning gases that fuel is generated with the mixture combustion of the combustion air importing from compressor are supplied to a plurality of burners of gas turbine; Spark plug to above-mentioned ignition of mixed gas; And the flame propagation pipe of propagating each other the flame being produced by the burning of above-mentioned gaseous mixture in said burner, above-mentioned gas turbine burner is characterised in that,

Said burner possesses burner, and this burner has on the axis direction of the said burner of being formed on towards downstream the mixing locular wall of unlimited mixing chamber and the fuel nozzle of feed fuels,

On above-mentioned mixing locular wall, be provided with combustion air and a plurality of air introduction channels that import above-mentioned mixing chamber together with fuel from above-mentioned fuel nozzle,

Above-mentioned air introduction channel is to be ejected into the combustion air of above-mentioned mixing chamber and fuel points at least one party above-mentioned spark plug and above-mentioned flame propagation pipe and mobile mode is partial to formation from above-mentioned air introduction channel.

2. gas turbine burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that,

On above-mentioned mixing locular wall, a plurality of above-mentioned air introduction channels are upwards configured to first row and secondary series side by side at above-mentioned axis direction or footpath,

Above-mentioned spark plug is pointed in ejection and the above-mentioned air introduction channel of mobile combustion air belongs to above-mentioned first row,

Above-mentioned flame propagation pipe is pointed in ejection and the above-mentioned air introduction channel of mobile combustion air belongs to above-mentioned secondary series.

3. gas turbine burner according to claim 1, is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned gas turbine burner possesses central burner as above-mentioned burner, with respect to above-mentioned central burner, is configured in a plurality of periphery burners of outer circumferential side,

Above-mentioned central burner has as the central mixing locular wall of above-mentioned mixing locular wall and as the center fuel nozzle of above-mentioned fuel nozzle, and wherein, above-mentioned central mixing locular wall forms the central mixing chamber as above-mentioned mixing chamber,

Above-mentioned periphery burner has and is formed on above-mentioned axis direction that towards the downstream periphery of unlimited periphery mixing chamber is mixed locular wall and to the periphery fuel nozzle of above-mentioned periphery mixing chamber feed fuels,

On above-mentioned central mixing locular wall, a plurality of above-mentioned combustion air introduction channels are set up in parallel into first row and secondary series on above-mentioned axis direction,

At least one party in above-mentioned spark plug and above-mentioned flame propagation pipe is pointed in ejection and the above-mentioned air introduction channel of mobile combustion air belongs to above-mentioned first row,

The combustion air that is subordinated to the above-mentioned air introduction channel ejection of above-mentioned secondary series points to the outlet of above-mentioned periphery mixing chamber and flows.

4. gas turbine burner according to claim 3, is characterized in that,

The quantity of above-mentioned air introduction channel that forms the above-mentioned secondary series of above-mentioned central burner is the integral multiple of the quantity of above-mentioned periphery burner.

5. according to the gas turbine burner described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that,

In above-mentioned first row and above-mentioned secondary series, the above-mentioned air introduction channel that forms the row of upstream side on above-mentioned axis direction is 6, and the above-mentioned air introduction channel that forms the row in downstream is 12,

Above-mentioned periphery burner is 4 or 6.