发明背景Background of the invention
1.发明领域1. Field of invention
以下说明书涉及培养装置，特别涉及循环式光生物反应器。The following description relates to culture devices, in particular to recirculating photobioreactors.
2.相关领域的描述2. Description of related fields
目前，世界范围内种植的作物被用作人类的主要食物来源。但是，每英亩土地的产量不太高，太阳能的能量效率极低。相反，在水中能够利用太阳能、二氧化碳和少量无机盐生长的光合作用微藻是有利的，因为它们能在作物不能生长的地方进行培养，每英亩的蛋白质出产量比常规作物高至少20倍，且能提供在微生物、动物和植物中不能产生的各种有用物质和稀有天然物质。具体地讲，由于藻类细胞尺寸较大，能很好地沉淀，因此分离它们并从中提取一些物质是容易的。另外，它们用太阳能作为主要能源，因此可能有效率地利用太阳能。此外，由于它们用二氧化碳作为碳源，具有产生氧气作为副产物的光合作用系统，因此它们能减轻空气污染。Currently, crops grown worldwide are used as the main food source for humans. However, the yield per acre is not too high, and solar energy is extremely inefficient. In contrast, photosynthetic microalgae that can grow in water using solar energy, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of inorganic salts are advantageous because they can be cultured where crops cannot grow, produce at least 20 times more protein per acre than conventional crops, and Various useful substances and rare natural substances that cannot be produced in microorganisms, animals and plants can be provided. Specifically, due to the large cell size of algae, they settle well, so it is easy to separate them and extract some material from them. In addition, they use solar energy as a main energy source, so it is possible to efficiently use solar energy. Furthermore, since they use carbon dioxide as a carbon source and have a photosynthetic system that produces oxygen as a by-product, they can reduce air pollution.
因此，包括小球藻属(Chlorella)、杜氏藻属(Dunaliella)和螺旋藻属(Spirulina)在内的光合作用微藻特别是螺旋藻属的微藻(下文称为“螺旋藻”)已成为研究热门，因为它们比其他的光合作用微藻个头大，容易在碱性污染环境中生长，可应用于食品、药品和其他行业。同时，具有诸如四季分明、季节间气温和日照变化大的气候特征的温带地区(如韩国)，正在发展室内培养技术而不是室外培养技术。Therefore, photosynthetic microalgae including Chlorella (Chlorella), Dunaliella (Dunaliella) and Spirulina (Spirulina), particularly microalgae of the genus Spirulina (hereinafter referred to as "spirulina") have become Research is hot because they are larger than other photosynthetic microalgae, are easy to grow in alkaline polluted environments, and can be used in food, medicine and other industries. Meanwhile, in temperate regions (such as Korea) with climate characteristics such as distinct four seasons and large changes in temperature and sunshine between seasons, indoor cultivation techniques are being developed instead of outdoor cultivation techniques.
例如，韩国专利第235182号公开了连续培养装置，该装置包括自动控制加热器、具有通气装置的培养容器、具有用于支撑培养容器的设备的架子、偶联到架子的侧面的培养基供应管、用于循环培养溶液的橡胶管和用于循环培养溶液的水泵。韩国专利公报第2004-0019298号公开了用于培养微藻的装置，该装置包括被制成双圆柱型的培养容器，其由内圆柱(水平放置)和外圆柱组成，其中至少外圆柱包括能透射光线的透明材料，气体进口开口于培养容器的底部。韩国专利第679989号公开了用于微藻的水道型室外培养容器，其中一体化安装有用于培养接种物的接种培养容器。但是，如果用这些装置培养螺旋藻的话，生长的螺旋藻会过度贴附于培养容器的表面。因此，培养效率变低，且由于各种微生物的污染，不能获得有利的培养产物。For example, Korean Patent No. 235182 discloses a continuous culture device comprising an automatically controlled heater, a culture vessel with aeration means, a shelf with equipment for supporting the culture vessel, a medium supply tube coupled to the side of the shelf , a rubber tube for circulating the culture solution and a water pump for circulating the culture solution. Korean Patent Publication No. 2004-0019298 discloses a device for cultivating microalgae, which includes a culture container made into a double cylinder, which consists of an inner cylinder (placed horizontally) and an outer cylinder, wherein at least the outer cylinder includes a Transparent material that transmits light, the gas inlet is opened at the bottom of the culture vessel. Korean Patent No. 679989 discloses a channel-type outdoor culture container for microalgae, in which an inoculation culture container for culturing an inoculum is integrally installed. However, if the spirulina is cultivated with these devices, the grown spirulina will be excessively attached to the surface of the culture container. Therefore, the culture efficiency becomes low, and a favorable culture product cannot be obtained due to contamination by various microorganisms.
为了解决上述问题，开发了这样的方法，其包括将培养容器密封，和通过用过滤器过滤供应的空气来防止各种微生物的污染。例如，韩国专利公报第2002-0057882号公开了室外大规模培养装置，该装置包括用于过滤和紫外灭菌的设备、空气泵、过滤设备、导管、过滤器、针阀和培养容器；韩国专利公报第2002-0083558号公开了高密度培养装置，该装置包括在其顶部上具有盖子的培养容器、在该培养容器中的pH传感器和分配器、该培养容器的带荧光灯的架子、pH控制器、空气泵及CO2培养罐。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method has been developed which includes sealing the culture container, and preventing contamination by various microorganisms by filtering the supplied air with a filter. For example, Korean Patent Publication No. 2002-0057882 discloses an outdoor large-scale culture device, which includes equipment for filtration and ultraviolet sterilization, air pumps, filtration equipment, conduits, filters, needle valves, and culture containers; Korean Patent Publication No. 2002-0083558 discloses a high-density culture device comprising a culture vessel with a lid on its top, a pH sensor and a dispenser in the culture vessel, a shelf with fluorescent lamps for the culture vessel, a pH controller , air pump and CO2 cultivation tank.
发明概述Summary of the invention
尽管，应用现有技术下的各种装置可能防止各种微生物的污染，不过光合作用微藻过度贴附于培养容器内表面造成培养效率下降的问题至今尚未得到解决。如果问题得到解决，可能明显提高光合作用微藻的培养效率。但是，没有教导这种解决方案的报道。因此，本发明的目的是提供能够防止光合作用微藻贴附于培养容器内表面从而提高培养效率的微藻培养用新型培养装置。Although it is possible to prevent the contamination of various microorganisms by using various devices in the prior art, the problem that photosynthetic microalgae are excessively attached to the inner surface of the culture container and cause the culture efficiency to decrease has not been solved so far. If the problem is solved, the cultivation efficiency of photosynthetic microalgae may be significantly improved. However, there are no reports teaching such a solution. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel culture device for microalgae culture capable of preventing photosynthetic microalgae from adhering to the inner surface of a culture container and improving the culture efficiency.
本发明试图解决上述问题并完成本发明，并通过确认当光合作用微藻以循环方式培养时，培养溶液暴露于光线的面积得到最大化和生长的光合作用微藻不会贴附于培养容器内表面而确认完成本发明。The present invention attempts to solve the above-mentioned problems and complete the present invention by confirming that when photosynthetic microalgae are cultured in a cyclic manner, the area of the culture solution exposed to light is maximized and the growing photosynthetic microalgae are not attached to the culture container. On the surface, it is confirmed that the present invention has been completed.
在一个方面，本发明提供循环式光合作用生物反应器，该生物反应器包括：In one aspect, the invention provides a recycling photosynthesis bioreactor comprising:
第一培养部分，该第一培养部分包括其中培养基被供应的培养罐，和偶联到培养罐以照射培养罐内部的第一光源；a first culture part comprising a culture tank in which a culture medium is supplied, and a first light source coupled to the culture tank to illuminate the inside of the culture tank;
第二培养部分，该第二培养部分包括设置在培养罐外部且被从培养罐供应培养溶液的培养管，和偶联到培养管以照射培养管内部的第二光源；和a second culture section including a culture tube provided outside the culture tank and supplied with a culture solution from the culture tank, and a second light source coupled to the culture tube to illuminate the inside of the culture tube; and
泵部分，该泵部分与第一培养部分和第二培养部分连接，以使培养溶液在第一培养部分和第二培养部分之间循环。A pump portion connected to the first culture portion and the second culture portion to circulate the culture solution between the first culture portion and the second culture portion.
在一个实施方案中，第一光源设置在培养罐内部，但不限于这样设置。在一个实施方案中，第二光源偶联到培养管的内表面或者沿培养管纵向方向设置在培养管外部，但不限于这样设置。在另一个实施方案中，培养管优选具有平行多次折叠形式，包括多个沿培养管纵向方向偶联到培养管外部的第二光源，但不限于这样设置。在一个优选的实施方案中，培养管的内径为3-30cm。在一个更优选的实施方案中，内径为5-20cm。在最优选的实施方案中，内径为10-15cm。在一个优选的实施方案中，第一培养部分还包括与培养罐和泵部分两者连接的至少一个第一培养溶液进口和至少一个第一培养溶液出口，第二培养部分还包括分别通过泵部分与第一培养溶液出口和与第二培养溶液进口连接的至少一个第二培养溶液进口和至少一个第二培养溶液出口，但不限于这样设置。在另一个优选的实施方案中，第一培养部分还包括用于将新鲜培养基供应到培养罐中的新鲜培养基进口和用于将培养溶液从培养罐中排放的最终出口，但不限于这样设置，且新鲜培养基进口优选具有喷雾球的形状，该喷雾球包括球形末端和在该球形末端上的许多微小喷嘴，但不限于这样设置。In one embodiment, the first light source is arranged inside the culture tank, but is not limited to such arrangement. In one embodiment, the second light source is coupled to the inner surface of the culture tube or arranged outside the culture tube along the longitudinal direction of the culture tube, but is not limited to such an arrangement. In another embodiment, the culture tube preferably has a parallel folded form, including a plurality of second light sources coupled to the outside of the culture tube along the longitudinal direction of the culture tube, but is not limited to such an arrangement. In a preferred embodiment, the inner diameter of the culture tube is 3-30 cm. In a more preferred embodiment, the inner diameter is 5-20 cm. In the most preferred embodiment, the inner diameter is 10-15 cm. In a preferred embodiment, the first culture part further comprises at least one first culture solution inlet and at least one first culture solution outlet connected to both the culture tank and the pump part, and the second culture part further comprises At least one second culture solution inlet and at least one second culture solution outlet connected to the first culture solution outlet and to the second culture solution inlet are provided, but not limited to. In another preferred embodiment, the first culture part further comprises a fresh medium inlet for supplying fresh medium into the culture tank and a final outlet for discharging the culture solution from the culture tank, but not limited to such Set, and the fresh medium inlet preferably has the shape of a spray ball, which includes a spherical end and many tiny nozzles on the spherical end, but is not limited to such an arrangement.
在一个实施方案中，第一培养部分还包括连接到培养罐内部的用于混合培养溶液的搅拌器，但不限于这样设置。在另一个实施方案中，第一培养部分还包括用于控制培养罐中的压力的压力控制阀，该压力控制阀优选为单向阀，通过光合作用微藻培养过程中产生的氧气压力开启。In one embodiment, the first culture part further includes a stirrer connected to the inside of the culture tank for mixing the culture solution, but is not limited to such an arrangement. In another embodiment, the first cultivation part further comprises a pressure control valve for controlling the pressure in the cultivation tank, the pressure control valve is preferably a one-way valve opened by the oxygen pressure generated during the cultivation of photosynthetic microalgae.
在一个实施方案中，第一培养部分还包括用于控制培养罐中的温度的温度控制器，该温度控制器优选为偶联到培养罐外部的水夹套，但不限于这样设置。In one embodiment, the first culture part further includes a temperature controller for controlling the temperature in the culture tank, which is preferably a water jacket coupled to the outside of the culture tank, but is not limited to such an arrangement.
在一个实施方案中，第一培养部分还包括一个或多个供传感器偶联到培养罐的端口，但不限于这样设置。在另一个实施方案中，第一培养部分还包括偶联到培养罐以将气体注入培养罐中的气体进口，但不限于这样设置。In one embodiment, the first culture portion further includes one or more ports for coupling the sensor to the culture tank, but is not limited to such an arrangement. In another embodiment, the first culture section further includes a gas inlet coupled to the culture tank for injecting gas into the culture tank, but is not limited to such an arrangement.
在一个实施方案中，第二培养部分还包括氧气排放器，该氧气排放器包括接地传感器(earth sensor)、与接地传感器电连接的质量流量控制器和与质量流量控制器连接的阀门，但不限于这样设置。In one embodiment, the second culture portion further comprises an oxygen emitter comprising an earth sensor, a mass flow controller electrically connected to the earth sensor, and a valve connected to the mass flow controller, but not limited to this setting.
在一个优选的实施方案中，流速控制器偶联到泵部分，以控制循环到第二培养部分的培养溶液的流速。在一个更优选的实施方案中，流速控制器内置于泵部分。In a preferred embodiment, a flow rate controller is coupled to the pump section to control the flow rate of the culture solution circulated to the second culture section. In a more preferred embodiment, the flow rate controller is built into the pump section.
在另一个方面，本发明提供循环式光合作用生物反应器，该生物反应器包括：In another aspect, the present invention provides a recycling photosynthesis bioreactor comprising:
第一培养部分，该第一培养部分包括其中培养基被供应的培养罐、第一培养基进口、第一培养基出口和第一光源，所述进口、出口和光源各自偶联到培养罐；a first culture section comprising a culture tank in which medium is supplied, a first medium inlet, a first medium outlet and a first light source, each of the inlet, outlet and light source being coupled to the culture tank;
第二培养部分，该第二培养部分包括以管状形状布置在培养罐外部并被从培养罐供应培养基的培养管、第二培养基进口、第二培养基出口和第二光源，所述进口、出口和光源各自偶联到培养管，其中第一培养基出口与第二培养基进口连接，第一培养基进口与第二培养基出口连接，使得培养基可在第一培养部分和第二培养部分之间循环。A second culture section comprising a culture tube arranged outside the culture tank in a tubular shape and supplied with a medium from the culture tank, a second medium inlet, a second medium outlet, and a second light source, the inlet , the outlet and the light source are each coupled to the culture tube, wherein the first culture medium outlet is connected to the second culture medium inlet, and the first culture medium inlet is connected to the second culture medium outlet, so that the culture medium can be divided between the first culture part and the second culture medium. Cycle between culture sections.
光合作用生物反应器还可包括连接第一培养部分和第二培养部分以使培养溶液在第一培养部分和第二培养部分之间循环的泵部分。The photosynthetic bioreactor may also include a pump portion connecting the first culture portion and the second culture portion to circulate the culture solution between the first culture portion and the second culture portion.
在一个优选的实施方案中，泵部分还包括电偶联到泵部分的泵的流速控制器。在一个更优选的实施方案中，流速控制器内置于泵部分。在一个优选的实施方案中，培养管的内径为3-30cm。在一个更优选的实施方案中，内径为5-20cm。在最优选的实施方案中，内径为10-15cm。In a preferred embodiment, the pump section further includes a flow rate controller electrically coupled to the pump of the pump section. In a more preferred embodiment, the flow rate controller is built into the pump section. In a preferred embodiment, the inner diameter of the culture tube is 3-30 cm. In a more preferred embodiment, the inner diameter is 5-20 cm. In the most preferred embodiment, the inner diameter is 10-15 cm.
本发明的循环式光生物反应器能防止光合作用微藻贴附于培养容器的内表面，从而可提高光合作用微藻的培养效率。因此，可以经济地培养光合作用微藻。The circulating photobioreactor of the invention can prevent the photosynthetic microalgae from adhering to the inner surface of the culture container, thereby improving the cultivation efficiency of the photosynthetic microalgae. Therefore, photosynthetic microalgae can be cultured economically.
在本说明书中，“培养基”意指不含任何活的生物(如微藻)的用于进行培养的培养基，而“培养溶液”意指培养基和待培养的微藻的混合物。In this specification, "medium" means a medium for culturing without any living organisms such as microalgae, and "culture solution" means a mixture of a medium and microalgae to be cultured.
附图简述Brief description of the drawings
附图与本说明书相结合说明本发明的示例性实施方案，并与“发明详述”相结合用以阐述本发明的原理。The drawings, together with the specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the Detailed Description of the Invention, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
图1是显示根据本发明一个实施方案的光生物反应器的示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a photobioreactor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明光生物反应器中包括的第一培养部分的截面图。Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a first culture section included in the photobioreactor of the present invention.
图3是说明管式光生物反应器中包括的第二培养部分的一个实施方案的平面图。Fig. 3 is a plan view illustrating one embodiment of a second culture section included in a tubular photobioreactor.
图4是说明偶联到培养管的氧气排放器的一个实施方案的示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of an oxygen emitter coupled to a culture tube.
图5是说明具有两个第一培养溶液出口的培养部分的一个实施方案的平面图。Fig. 5 is a plan view illustrating an embodiment of a culture section having two first culture solution outlets.
发明详述Detailed description of the invention
在以下发明详述中，只以举例说明的方式显示和描述本发明的某些示例性的实施方案。本领域技术人员会认识到，本发明可以以许多不同的形式体现，而不应被解释为局限于本文给出的实施方案。还有，在本申请书当中，当某部件被称为在另一部件“上”时，它可直接在另一部件上，或者可间接在另一部件上，有一个或多个居间部件介于它们之间。在本说明书当中，同样的参考数字表示同样的部件。In the following detailed description of the invention, only certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown and described, by way of illustration only. Those skilled in the art will realize that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Also, in this application, when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or it can be indirectly on another element with one or more intervening elements intervening. between them. Throughout this specification, the same reference numerals denote the same components.
本发明人进行了各种实验，以研究培养的光合作用微藻贴附于培养容器内表面上的原因。结果确认了两个原因。第一个原因认为是依照施加周期性光条件和暗条件的微藻增殖及其生长。另一个原因认为是光合作用微藻会偶联到流动速度慢的部位，因为培养溶液的流动局部受限，于是贴附部位扩大The present inventors conducted various experiments to investigate the cause of the adherence of cultured photosynthetic microalgae on the inner surface of a culture container. The results identified two reasons. The first reason is considered to be the proliferation of microalgae and their growth in accordance with the application of periodic light and dark conditions. Another reason is that the photosynthetic microalgae will couple to the slow flow site, because the flow of the culture solution is locally restricted, so the attachment site is enlarged
本发明人试图设计通过只施加光条件而能够降低光合作用微藻的增殖速度和保证培养溶液的适当流动的培养容器。但是，本发明人证实，对于具有搅拌器的培养罐类型的光生物反应器，即使提高搅拌速度也不可能获得培养溶液的适当流动。The present inventors attempted to design a culture vessel capable of reducing the proliferation rate of photosynthetic microalgae and ensuring proper flow of a culture solution by applying only light conditions. However, the present inventors confirmed that, with a culture tank type photobioreactor having a stirrer, it was impossible to obtain proper flow of the culture solution even if the stirring speed was increased.
因此，本发明人试图用其他方法而不是仅用搅拌器来使含有光合作用微藻的培养溶液流动，证实将培养溶液从培养罐循环到两端都偶联到培养罐的管子，与仅使用搅拌器的方法相比能使培养溶液流动良好。因此，本发明人发明出具有带光源的培养管和泵的光生物反应器，以解决上述问题。本发明人可用所述光生物反应器的培养管和泵使培养溶液以恒定的速度流动，并通过偶联到培养管的光源容易地对培养溶液施加光条件，提供充足的光线以培养光合作用微藻。Therefore, the present inventors attempted to flow the culture solution containing photosynthetic microalgae using other methods than only the agitator, and confirmed that circulating the culture solution from the culture tank to the tubes coupled to the culture tank at both ends was different from using only The agitator method allows for better flow of the culture solution. Therefore, the present inventors invented a photobioreactor having a culture tube with a light source and a pump to solve the above-mentioned problems. The present inventors can use the culture tube and pump of the photobioreactor to make the culture solution flow at a constant speed, and easily apply light conditions to the culture solution through a light source coupled to the culture tube to provide sufficient light to cultivate photosynthesis microalgae.
以下参照附图详细描述根据本发明的实施方案的光生物反应器。A photobioreactor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1是显示根据本发明一个实施方案的光生物反应器的示意图。如图1所示，光生物反应器可包括第一培养部分100、泵部分200和第二培养部分300。光合作用微藻通过从第一培养部分100循环到泵部分200，从泵部分200循环到第二培养部分，然后从第二培养部分循环到第一培养部分100来进行培养，因为第一培养部分100、泵部分200和第二培养部分300是互相连接的。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a photobioreactor according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the photobioreactor may include a first culture part 100 , a pump part 200 and a second culture part 300 . Photosynthetic microalgae are cultured by circulating from the first culture part 100 to the pump part 200, from the pump part 200 to the second culture part, and then from the second culture part to the first culture part 100, because the first culture part 100, the pump part 200 and the second cultivation part 300 are interconnected.
第二培养部分300可与第一培养部分100隔开设置。第一培养部分100可如图1所示以圆柱型提供，但不限于这样设置。例如，第一培养部分100的形状可变形为各种形式，如多边形柱。第二培养部分300可以以管状形状提供，可包括以各种形状制成的管子，等等。泵部分200被设置成使得培养溶液可在第一培养部分100和第二培养部分300之间循环。例如，泵部分200可设置在第一培养部分100和第二培养部分300之间，可装配有与第一培养部分100的第一培养溶液出口132连接的第三培养基进口210，且可装配有与泵220和第二培养部分300的第二培养溶液进口310连接的第三培养溶液出口230。因此，从第一培养部分100流出的培养溶液被转移到第二培养部分300，且培养溶液如下循环：第一培养部分100→泵部分200→第二培养部分300→第一培养部分100。泵部分200可通过与其电偶联的流速控制器控制循环于第二培养部分300的培养溶液的流速。在一个优选的实施方案中，流速控制器内置于泵部分200。控制培养溶液的流速对于成功培养螺旋藻是重要的，因为螺旋藻是多细胞的螺旋状藻类。如果流速低，由于流体动力学状况不适当，螺旋藻会发生贴壁，气体交换和照射情况变差。相反，高流速会导致螺旋藻中有用物质的损失。因此，流速应当加以适当控制。优选将流速控制在1-50cm/s之间。更优选地，流速为10-40cm/s。在最优选的实施方案中，流速为20-30cm/s。The second culture part 300 may be provided apart from the first culture part 100 . The first culture part 100 may be provided in a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 1, but is not limited to such an arrangement. For example, the shape of the first culture part 100 may be deformed into various forms such as a polygonal column. The second culture part 300 may be provided in a tubular shape, may include tubes made in various shapes, and the like. The pump part 200 is arranged such that the culture solution can be circulated between the first culture part 100 and the second culture part 300 . For example, the pump part 200 may be disposed between the first culture part 100 and the second culture part 300, may be equipped with a third medium inlet 210 connected to the first culture solution outlet 132 of the first culture part 100, and may be equipped with There is a third culture solution outlet 230 connected to the pump 220 and the second culture solution inlet 310 of the second culture part 300 . Therefore, the culture solution flowing out from the first culture part 100 is transferred to the second culture part 300, and the culture solution circulates as follows: first culture part 100→pump part 200→second culture part 300→first culture part 100. The pump part 200 can control the flow rate of the culture solution circulating in the second culture part 300 through a flow rate controller electrically coupled thereto. In a preferred embodiment, a flow rate controller is built into pump portion 200 . Controlling the flow rate of the culture solution is important for the successful cultivation of Spirulina, which is a multicellular spiral algae. If the flow rate is low, Spirulina will adhere to the wall due to inappropriate hydrodynamic conditions, and gas exchange and irradiation will be poor. On the contrary, high flow rate will lead to the loss of useful substances in spirulina. Therefore, the flow rate should be properly controlled. Preferably the flow rate is controlled between 1-50 cm/s. More preferably, the flow rate is 10-40 cm/s. In the most preferred embodiment, the flow rate is 20-30 cm/s.
在一个优选的实施方案中，培养管330的内径为3-30cm。在一个更优选的实施方案中，内径为5-20cm。在最优选的实施方案中，内径为10-15cm。培养管的内径对于培养螺旋藻是重要的。如果内径超过30cm，由于照射状况不适当，生产率变差。相反，如果内径小于5cm，则难以放大培养体积。In a preferred embodiment, the inner diameter of the culture tube 330 is 3-30 cm. In a more preferred embodiment, the inner diameter is 5-20 cm. In the most preferred embodiment, the inner diameter is 10-15 cm. The inner diameter of the culture tube is important for culturing Spirulina. If the inner diameter exceeds 30 cm, productivity becomes poor due to inappropriate irradiation conditions. On the contrary, if the inner diameter is less than 5 cm, it is difficult to expand the culture volume.
图2是本发明光生物反应器中包括的第一培养部分100的剖视图。如图2所示，第一培养部分100可装配有圆柱形培养罐101、接种物进口110、气体进口111、传感器端口120、第一培养溶液进口131、第一培养溶液出口132、最终出口133、压力控制阀112、新鲜培养基进口134、第一光源140、搅拌器150和温度控制器160。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first culture section 100 included in the photobioreactor of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the first culture part 100 may be equipped with a cylindrical culture tank 101, an inoculum inlet 110, a gas inlet 111, a sensor port 120, a first culture solution inlet 131, a first culture solution outlet 132, a final outlet 133 , pressure control valve 112, fresh medium inlet 134, first light source 140, stirrer 150 and temperature controller 160.
例如，接种物进口110可偶联到培养罐101的顶部、气体进口111和传感器端口120可偶联到培养罐101的下部。但是，该布置是作为一个实施方案提供的，可根据培养罐101的形状的改变而加以变化。For example, inoculum inlet 110 may be coupled to the top of culture tank 101 , gas inlet 111 and sensor port 120 may be coupled to the lower portion of culture tank 101 . However, this arrangement is provided as one embodiment and may be changed according to changes in the shape of the culture tank 101 .
可提供接种物进口110，以将各种气体如氮气和二氧化碳混合气体注入培养罐101的内部。因此，通过在培养罐101中保持内部正压，可能在光合作用微藻的培养过程中防止来源于外部环境的各种微生物的污染。正压可为用于微藻的常规培养的约0.1-1.0kg/cm2f，但不限于这个范围。An inoculum inlet 110 may be provided to inject various gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide mixed gas into the inside of the culture tank 101 . Therefore, by maintaining an internal positive pressure in the culture tank 101, it is possible to prevent contamination of various microorganisms originating from the external environment during the cultivation of photosynthetic microalgae. The positive pressure may be about 0.1-1.0 kg/cm2f for conventional cultivation of microalgae, but is not limited to this range.
传感器端口120可装配有各种传感器，如pH传感器、CO2传感器、溶氧传感器和温度传感器。The sensor port 120 can be equipped with various sensors such as pH sensor, CO2 sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor and temperature sensor.
同时，培养溶液通过第一培养溶液进口131从第二培养部分流入第一培养部分100，并通过第一培养溶液出口132流出第一培养部分100到泵部分200。当培养结束时，最终培养溶液通过最终出口133排放到第一培养部分100的外部。Simultaneously, the culture solution flows into the first culture part 100 from the second culture part through the first culture solution inlet 131 and flows out of the first culture part 100 to the pump part 200 through the first culture solution outlet 132 . When the cultivation ends, the final culture solution is discharged to the outside of the first culture part 100 through the final outlet 133 .
另外，压力控制阀112为由培养光合作用微藻所产生的氧气压力进行门控(gating)的单向阀，其可被构造成当内部压力保持为正压时被门控向外排放气体，但当内部压力下降时被关闭以停止排放气体。In addition, the pressure control valve 112 is a one-way valve gating by the oxygen pressure generated by cultivating photosynthetic microalgae, which can be configured to be gated to discharge gas outward when the internal pressure is maintained as a positive pressure, But it is closed to stop venting gas when the internal pressure drops.
新鲜培养基进口134是棒型管子，其末端为球形，可以喷雾球的形状提供，在球形末端的表面上具有许多微小喷嘴。新鲜培养基可通过喷雾球以微喷雾的形式分配到第一培养部分100中，因此新鲜培养基进口134起到消除第一培养部分100中产生的泡沫的作用。此外，新鲜培养基进口134可用于供应洗涤剂，以洗涤第一培养部分100、泵部分200和第二培养部分300的内部。The fresh medium inlet 134 is a rod-shaped tube with a spherical end that can be provided in the shape of a spray ball with many tiny nozzles on the surface of the spherical end. The fresh medium can be distributed into the first culture part 100 in the form of a microspray by the spray ball, so that the fresh medium inlet 134 functions to eliminate the foam generated in the first culture part 100 . In addition, the fresh medium inlet 134 may be used to supply detergent to wash the insides of the first culture part 100 , the pump part 200 and the second culture part 300 .
第一光源140为用于发出能够在培养光合作用微藻的过程中进行光合作用的光线的装置，其能发出三种波长的光线或者五种波长的光线。为此，优选的是照射强度和光-暗周期根据培养条件自动进行控制。例如，第一光源140可设置在培养罐101的内部。在另一个实施方案中，如果培养罐100包括透明材料或者培养罐100的某些部分装配有能通过光线的透明窗口，则第一光源140可设置在培养罐101的外部。The first light source 140 is a device for emitting light capable of photosynthesis in the process of cultivating photosynthetic microalgae, which can emit light of three wavelengths or light of five wavelengths. For this reason, it is preferable that the irradiation intensity and the light-dark cycle are automatically controlled according to the culture conditions. For example, the first light source 140 may be disposed inside the culture tank 101 . In another embodiment, if the culture tank 100 includes a transparent material or some part of the culture tank 100 is equipped with a transparent window through which light can pass, the first light source 140 may be disposed outside the culture tank 101 .
搅拌器150可偶联到罐内下部，作用是混合初次培养中的培养溶液和将第一培养部分100中剩余的培养物混合物与从第一培养溶液进口131流入的培养溶液混合。温度控制器160可偶联到第一培养部分100的外部，起到控制温度的作用。温度控制器可以是水夹套，其能够通过使适当温度的水循环通过夹套而控制培养温度，但不限于水夹套。此外，还可另外装配观察窗口，以便通过观察窗口检查第一培养部分100的内部。The stirrer 150 may be coupled to the inner lower part of the tank, and functions to mix the culture solution in the primary culture and the culture mixture remaining in the first culture part 100 with the culture solution flowing in from the first culture solution inlet 131 . The temperature controller 160 may be coupled to the outside of the first culturing part 100 to control the temperature. The temperature controller may be a water jacket capable of controlling the culture temperature by circulating water of an appropriate temperature through the jacket, but is not limited to a water jacket. In addition, an observation window may be additionally equipped so that the inside of the first culture part 100 can be inspected through the observation window.
图3是说明管式光生物反应器中包括的第二培养部分300的一个实施方案的平面图。如图3所示，第二培养部分300装配有与泵部分200的第三培养溶液出口230连接的第二培养溶液进口310、培养管330和与第一培养部分100的第一培养溶液进口131连接的第二培养溶液出口340。FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating one embodiment of a second culture section 300 included in a tubular photobioreactor. As shown in FIG. 3 , the second culture part 300 is equipped with a second culture solution inlet 310 connected to the third culture solution outlet 230 of the pump part 200, a culture tube 330 and a first culture solution inlet 131 connected to the first culture part 100. The second culture solution outlet 340 is connected.
第二光源320可偶联到第二培养部分300的局部或全部。例如，第二光源320可偶联到培养管330的外部，沿所述外部纵向延伸。第二培养部分300的培养管330的作用是使包含光合作用微藻的培养溶液循环，并提供循环中的光合作用微藻接收来自第二光源320的光线进行光合作用的环境。因此，培养管330可由透明材料构成，以传输从第二光源330发出的光线。培养管330可整体仅由透明材料构成，或者仅仅是光线通过的部分由透明材料构成。或者，第二光源320可放在培养管330的内部。在这个情况中，第二光源310优选偶联到内表面且优选是LED(发光二极管)，培养管330可由不透明材料构成。另外，诸如pH传感器、CO2传感器、溶氧传感器、温度传感器的传感器可偶联到培养管330的一个或多个侧面。此外，培养管330优选变形为窄长的管状形状，以使暴露于光线的面积最大化。在这个情况中，培养管330优选变形为折叠结构，第二光源320可在培养管330的折叠结构之间多次提供。A second light source 320 may be coupled to part or all of the second culture portion 300 . For example, second light source 320 may be coupled to the exterior of culture tube 330, extending longitudinally along the exterior. The culture tube 330 of the second culture part 300 functions to circulate a culture solution containing photosynthetic microalgae and provide an environment in which the circulating photosynthetic microalgae receive light from the second light source 320 to perform photosynthesis. Accordingly, the culture tube 330 may be formed of a transparent material to transmit the light emitted from the second light source 330 . The whole culture tube 330 may be made of transparent material only, or only the part through which light passes is made of transparent material. Alternatively, the second light source 320 may be placed inside the culture tube 330 . In this case, a second light source 310 is preferably coupled to the inner surface and is preferably an LED (Light Emitting Diode), and the culture tube 330 may be constructed of an opaque material. Additionally, sensors such as pH sensors, CO2 sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, temperature sensors may be coupled to one or more sides of culture tube 330 . In addition, the culture tube 330 is preferably deformed into a narrow and elongated tubular shape to maximize the area exposed to light. In this case, the culture tube 330 is preferably deformed into a folded structure, and the second light source 320 may be provided multiple times between the folded structures of the culture tube 330 .
在本发明的一个实施方案中，第二培养部分300的培养管330可构成为平行多次折叠形式，包括在一个支架上的笔直部分和弯曲部分，或者这种折叠形式可堆积成多层结构。还有，作为用于固定第二光源320的架子的该支架可另外包括第二光源320的电源。另外，第二光源320的作用是发出光线供光合作用微藻在培养过程中进行光合作用。从第二光源320发出的波长优选是类似于日光的三波长或五波长，但不限于这些波长，且优选的是照射强度和光-暗周期根据培养条件自动进行控制。In one embodiment of the present invention, the culture tube 330 of the second culture part 300 can be formed into a parallel multiple folded form, including a straight part and a curved part on a support, or this folded form can be stacked into a multilayer structure . Also, the stand as a stand for fixing the second light source 320 may additionally include a power source of the second light source 320 . In addition, the function of the second light source 320 is to emit light for the photosynthetic microalgae to perform photosynthesis during the cultivation process. The wavelength emitted from the second light source 320 is preferably three-wavelength or five-wavelength similar to sunlight, but not limited to these wavelengths, and it is preferable that the irradiation intensity and the light-dark cycle are automatically controlled according to the culture conditions.
同时，由于培养管330被变形为包括笔直部分和弯曲部分的多次折叠结构，在培养光合作用微藻过程中产生的氧气可积累在弯曲部分而不被放出。为了强迫放出积累的氧气，优选的是培养管在弯曲部分另外装配有氧气排放器。当氧气积累超过一定水平时，积累的氧气通过氧气排放器的自动操作被排放(参见图4)。Meanwhile, since the culture tube 330 is deformed into a folded structure including a straight portion and a curved portion, oxygen generated during the cultivation of photosynthetic microalgae may accumulate in the curved portion without being released. For forced release of accumulated oxygen, it is preferred that the culture tube is additionally equipped with an oxygen emitter at the bend. When the oxygen accumulation exceeds a certain level, the accumulated oxygen is discharged through the automatic operation of the oxygen discharger (see FIG. 4 ).
图4是说明偶联到培养管330的氧气排放器的一个实施方案的示意图。如图4所示，氧气排放器包括接地传感器351、与接地传感器成电连接的质量流量控制器352、与质量流量控制器352连接的阀门353，接地传感器351的一端浸在培养溶液中以施加电流。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of an oxygen emitter coupled to culture tube 330 . As shown in Figure 4, the oxygen emitter includes a grounding sensor 351, a mass flow controller 352 electrically connected to the grounding sensor, a valve 353 connected to the mass flow controller 352, and one end of the grounding sensor 351 is immersed in the culture solution to apply current.
如果由于氧气在弯曲部分中的积累形成了气体层，则接地传感器351脱离培养溶液暴露出来，于是电流中断。在中断过程中，与质量流量控制器352连接的阀门353被开动，于是排出一定量的氧气。当随着氧气的排放接地传感器再次浸在培养溶液中时，电流被施加，阀门353停止。If a gas layer forms due to the accumulation of oxygen in the bent portion, the ground sensor 351 is exposed from the culture solution and the current flow is interrupted. During the interruption, the valve 353 connected to the mass flow controller 352 is actuated, thus expelling a certain amount of oxygen. When the ground sensor is again submerged in the incubation solution following the venting of oxygen, the current is applied and valve 353 is stopped.
在另一个方面，本发明的管式光生物反应器可包括一个培养部分和两个或更多个泵部分和培养管部分。In another aspect, the tubular photobioreactor of the present invention may comprise a culture section and two or more pump sections and culture tube sections.
图5是说明培养部分的一个实施方案的平面图，该培养部分具有两个用两个泵部分提供培养溶液的第一培养溶液出口132、两个从两个培养管330流入培养溶液的第一培养溶液进口131以及培养部分100。如图5所示，使用包括一个培养部分、两个或更多个泵部分和培养管部分的管式光生物反应器，培养部分可给两个培养管部分提供培养溶液，因而培养会更有效率。5 is a plan view illustrating one embodiment of a culture section having two first culture solution outlets 132 for supplying culture solution with two pump sections, two first culture outlets 132 for flowing culture solution from two culture tubes 330 Solution inlet 131 and culture section 100 . As shown in Figure 5, using a tubular photobioreactor including a culture part, two or more pump parts and a culture tube part, the culture part can provide the culture solution to the two culture tube parts, so the culture will be more efficient. efficiency.
下文参考附图详细描述管式光生物反应器的运行和效果。The operation and effect of the tubular photobioreactor will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
首先，将第一培养部分100的第一培养溶液进口131、第一培养溶液出口132和最终出口133关闭，将微藻藻种接种物通过接种物进口110或新鲜培养基进口134注入培养罐101。然后从第一光源140施加光线进行初次培养，使用温度控制器160并开动搅拌器150维持适当的温度。用各种偶联到第一培养部分100的传感器端口120的传感器检查培养条件后，在适当的时间终止初次培养。First, the first culture solution inlet 131, the first culture solution outlet 132 and the final outlet 133 of the first culture part 100 are closed, and the microalgae seed inoculum is injected into the culture tank 101 through the inoculum inlet 110 or the fresh medium inlet 134 . Then light is applied from the first light source 140 for initial cultivation, and the temperature controller 160 is used and the stirrer 150 is turned on to maintain an appropriate temperature. After checking the culture conditions with various sensors coupled to the sensor port 120 of the first culture part 100, the primary culture is terminated at an appropriate time.
然后，将新鲜培养基通过新鲜培养基进口134注入培养罐101，并连续开动搅拌器150以将初次培养后的培养溶液与注入的新鲜培养基混合。当将与初次培养溶液等体积的新鲜培养基注入培养罐101后，打开第一培养溶液进口131和第一培养溶液出口132，使混合的培养溶液转移到泵部分200的第三培养溶液进口210。如果混合的培养溶液被转移到泵部分200的第三培养溶液进口210，则泵部分200的泵220开动，混合的培养溶液通过第三培养溶液出口230被转移到第二培养部分300的第二培养溶液进口310。被转移到第二培养部分300的第二培养溶液进口310的混合培养溶液通过泵220依次转移到培养管330、第二培养溶液出口340和第一培养部分100的第一培养溶液进口131，且循环(第一培养部分→泵部分→第二培养部分→第一培养部分)启动。如果循环启动，第二光源320发出光线以照射培养管330，培养溶液中所含的光合作用微藻进行光合作用。循环的培养溶液的流速可用电偶联到泵的流速控制器进行控制，以防止光合作用微藻特别是螺旋藻发生贴附和使循环中的微藻的光合作用最大化。流速可控制在1-50cm/s之间。更优选地，流速为10-40cm/s。在最优选的实施方案中，流速为20-30cm/s，但不限于这个范围。Then, fresh medium is injected into the culture tank 101 through the fresh medium inlet 134, and the agitator 150 is continuously operated to mix the culture solution after the initial cultivation with the injected fresh medium. After injecting the fresh medium with the same volume as the primary culture solution into the culture tank 101, open the first culture solution inlet 131 and the first culture solution outlet 132, so that the mixed culture solution is transferred to the third culture solution inlet 210 of the pump part 200 . If the mixed culture solution is transferred to the third culture solution inlet 210 of the pump part 200, the pump 220 of the pump part 200 starts, and the mixed culture solution is transferred to the second culture solution of the second culture part 300 through the third culture solution outlet 230. The culture solution inlet 310 . The mixed culture solution transferred to the second culture solution inlet 310 of the second culture part 300 is sequentially transferred to the culture tube 330, the second culture solution outlet 340, and the first culture solution inlet 131 of the first culture part 100 by the pump 220, and The cycle (first culture part→pump part→second culture part→first culture part) starts. If the cycle is activated, the second light source 320 emits light to irradiate the culture tube 330, and the photosynthetic microalgae contained in the culture solution perform photosynthesis. The flow rate of the circulating culture solution can be controlled with a flow controller electrically coupled to the pump to prevent attachment of photosynthetic microalgae, especially spirulina, and to maximize photosynthesis of the circulating microalgae. The flow rate can be controlled between 1-50cm/s. More preferably, the flow rate is 10-40 cm/s. In the most preferred embodiment, the flow rate is 20-30 cm/s, but is not limited to this range.
在光合作用微藻的循环培养过程中，通过经由气体进口111向第一培养部分100的培养罐101注入二氧化碳和氮气混合气体，从而向培养罐101施加约0.1-1.0kg/cm2f的正压，可防止来源于环境的各种微生物的污染，而培养溶液的pH通过调整混合气体中包含的二氧化碳的分压来控制。During the cyclic culture of photosynthetic microalgae, by injecting a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen into the culture tank 101 of the first culture part 100 through the gas inlet 111, a positive gas of about 0.1-1.0 kg/cm2 f is applied to the culture tank 101. The pH of the culture solution is controlled by adjusting the partial pressure of carbon dioxide contained in the mixed gas to prevent contamination by various microorganisms originating from the environment.
另外，由光合作用微藻培养过程中的光合作用产生的氧气在第一培养部分100的培养罐101处从培养溶液中分离出来后，被转移到培养罐101的顶部，然后氧气通过压力控制阀112向外排放。在这个情况中，如果第二培养部分200的培养管330被设置成包括在一个支架上的笔直部分和弯曲部分的平行多次折叠形式，则氧气可积累在培养管330的弯曲部分。因此，优选通过在弯曲部分接上一个或多个氧气排放器来除去培养管330中积累的氧气。In addition, after the oxygen generated by photosynthesis during the cultivation of photosynthetic microalgae is separated from the culture solution at the culture tank 101 of the first culture part 100, it is transferred to the top of the culture tank 101, and then the oxygen passes through the pressure control valve 112 is discharged outwardly. In this case, if the culture tube 330 of the second culture part 200 is provided in a parallel multiple folded form including a straight portion and a curved portion on one frame, oxygen may accumulate in the curved portion of the culture tube 330 . Therefore, it is preferable to remove accumulated oxygen in the culture tube 330 by attaching one or more oxygen emitters to the bent portion.
当光合作用微藻的循环培养终止时，通过打开第一培养部分100的最终出口133收获包含光合作用微藻的最终培养溶液。在培养终止后，本发明人证实了显著的结果，即培养管330的内表面至多有5％被光合作用微藻所覆盖。因此，本发明人通过用随培养管装配的光源只施加光条件来降低光合作用微藻的增殖速度，并通过使培养溶液从第一培养部分循环到泵、从泵循环到第二培养部分和从第二培养部分循环到第一培养部分来使培养溶液的流动性最大化，解决了由于光合作用微藻贴附于培养容器的内表面所造成的培养效率下降的问题。When the circular culture of the photosynthetic microalgae is terminated, the final culture solution containing the photosynthetic microalgae is harvested by opening the final outlet 133 of the first culture part 100 . After the culture was terminated, the present inventors confirmed the remarkable result that at most 5% of the inner surface of the culture tube 330 was covered with photosynthetic microalgae. Therefore, the present inventors reduced the proliferation rate of photosynthetic microalgae by applying only light conditions with a light source assembled with the culture tube, and by circulating the culture solution from the first culture part to the pump, from the pump to the second culture part and Circulating from the second culture section to the first culture section maximizes the fluidity of the culture solution, solving the problem of reduced culture efficiency due to the attachment of photosynthetic microalgae to the inner surface of the culture container.
光合作用微藻可以是小球藻属(Chlorella)、杜氏藻属(Gunaliella)、螺旋藻属(Spirulina)，但不限于它们。更优选地，光合作用微藻是螺旋藻属。The photosynthetic microalgae may be Chlorella, Gunaliella, Spirulina, but are not limited to them. More preferably, the photosynthetic microalgae is of the genus Spirulina.
以上已结合某些示例性实施方案描述了本发明，但应理解，本发明并不局限于所公开的实施方案，相反认为本发明覆盖被包括在所附权利要求书及其等同物的精神和范围内的各种修改方案和等同安排。The present invention has been described above in connection with certain exemplary embodiments, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is instead considered to cover the spirit and scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements within the scope.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010248859.6ACN102344888B (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-07-29 | Circulating type photobioreactor |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010248859.6ACN102344888B (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-07-29 | Circulating type photobioreactor |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102344888A CN102344888A (en) | 2012-02-08 |
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| CN201010248859.6AExpired - Fee RelatedCN102344888B (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-07-29 | Circulating type photobioreactor |
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