CN102323980A - A bioelectrical signal simulation system capable of multi-channel output - Google Patents
A bioelectrical signal simulation system capable of multi-channel outputDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种生物电信号仿真系统，且特别是一种能由上位机软件设置相关参数，通过计算机操作的，可根据需要选择和仿真多个通道相关生物电信号的系统。The invention relates to a bioelectric signal simulation system, in particular to a system capable of setting relevant parameters by upper computer software and operating by a computer, and selecting and simulating a plurality of channel-related bioelectric signals as required.
背景技术Background technique
对人自身，特别是对人的健康的关注和追求，是人类社会的一个永恒话题。但是疾病和各种其它外部伤害却自始至终伴随着人类社会的发展一路走来，给人带来了痛苦，甚至造成无法挽回的后果。随着科技的日益发展，人们开始致力于基于生物电信号的可植入式系统的研发，希望借由相关系统掌握人体内的相关信息，用于健康的监护、疾病的诊断，并且可从人体内部进行非手术式的干预，实现健康的维护和疾病的治疗。对于基于生物电信号的可植入式系统的研发而言，一个无法回避的问题是：如何获取信号源用于相关系统设计过程中的测试？传统的方法是采用动物实验。采用动物实验需要特定的条件和人员，耗时且费力，不方便，而且对于某个阶段、某些模块的开发也是不需要的。因此，通过简便的方式获取生物电信号是值得探索的方向之一。Concern and pursuit of human beings, especially human health, is an eternal topic in human society. However, diseases and various other external injuries have accompanied the development of human society from beginning to end, bringing suffering to people and even causing irreparable consequences. With the increasing development of science and technology, people have begun to devote themselves to the research and development of implantable systems based on bioelectrical signals, hoping to use related systems to grasp relevant information in the human body for health monitoring and disease diagnosis, and can be obtained from the human body. Internal non-surgical intervention to achieve health maintenance and disease treatment. For the research and development of implantable systems based on bioelectrical signals, an unavoidable problem is: how to obtain signal sources for testing in the process of related system design? The traditional method is to use animal experiments. The use of animal experiments requires specific conditions and personnel, which is time-consuming, laborious, and inconvenient, and it is not necessary for a certain stage and certain modules of development. Therefore, obtaining bioelectrical signals in a simple way is one of the directions worth exploring.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种可多通道输出的生物电信号仿真系统，是一种生物电信号仿真系统，既可使用在基于生物电信号的可植入式系统的测试中，也可应用于以生物电信号为目标或与生物电信号相关的其它特定领域中。使用该系统能方便地产生适合的生物电信号，提供给后面的信号处理系统使用，大大提高了研发效率。本发明通过以下技术方案实现。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bioelectrical signal simulation system capable of multi-channel output, which is a bioelectrical signal simulation system that can be used in the testing of implantable systems based on bioelectrical signals, and can also be applied to In other specific fields targeting bioelectrical signals or related to bioelectrical signals. Using this system can easily generate suitable bioelectrical signals and provide them to the subsequent signal processing system, which greatly improves the efficiency of research and development. The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions.
一种可多通道输出的生物电信号仿真系统，其特征在于包括用于相关参数的设置和发送的PC上位机和用于输出生物仿真信号的硬件模块，所述相关参数包括输出信号峰峰值、输出信号频率及输出通道数；所述硬件模块包括电源模块、MCU（微控制单元）控制模块、PC接口模块、DAC（数模转换控制器）模块、滤波电路模块。电源模块分别与MCU控制模块、PC接口模块、DAC模块、滤波电路模块连接，以提供能量；MCU控制模块的数据输入端与PC接口模块连接，以获取上位机所设置的相关参数；MCU控制模块的数据输出端与DAC模块的数据输入端连接,以控制DAC模块按照相关设置参数输出特定信号；DAC模块的信号输出端与滤波电路模块的输入端连接，以滤除某些高频干扰。A bioelectrical signal simulation system capable of multi-channel output is characterized in that it includes a PC host computer for setting and sending relevant parameters and a hardware module for outputting biosimulation signals, and the relevant parameters include output signal peak-to-peak value, Output signal frequency and number of output channels; the hardware module includes a power supply module, an MCU (micro control unit) control module, a PC interface module, a DAC (digital-to-analog conversion controller) module, and a filter circuit module. The power supply module is connected to the MCU control module, PC interface module, DAC module, and filter circuit module to provide energy; the data input terminal of the MCU control module is connected to the PC interface module to obtain the relevant parameters set by the host computer; the MCU control module The data output terminal of the DAC module is connected to the data input terminal of the DAC module to control the DAC module to output a specific signal according to the relevant setting parameters; the signal output terminal of the DAC module is connected to the input terminal of the filter circuit module to filter out some high-frequency interference.
上述的生物电信号仿真系统中，所述PC接口模块通过RS232总线与PC上位机连接。In the above bioelectric signal simulation system, the PC interface module is connected to the PC host computer through the RS232 bus.
上述的生物电信号仿真系统中，所述DAC模块最多可产生8通道输出信号，由DAC芯片通过两级级联的方式构成，即第一级DAC芯片的电压输出端与第二级DAC芯片的参考电压输入端连接。第一级的输出电压作为第二级的参考电压输入，通过改变第一级DAC芯片的待转换数据来调整其输出，从而改变第二级DAC芯片的参考电压，实现对输出信号峰峰值的调整。In the above-mentioned bioelectrical signal simulation system, the DAC module can generate up to 8-channel output signals, which are composed of DAC chips in a two-stage cascaded manner, that is, the voltage output terminal of the first-stage DAC chip and the voltage output terminal of the second-stage DAC chip. Reference voltage input connection. The output voltage of the first stage is used as the reference voltage input of the second stage, and its output is adjusted by changing the data to be converted of the first stage DAC chip, thereby changing the reference voltage of the second stage DAC chip to realize the adjustment of the peak value of the output signal .
上述的生物电信号仿真系统中，所述滤波电路采用电阻可调的有源低通滤波电路，可根据实际情况调整，获得合适的滤波性能。In the above bioelectric signal simulation system, the filter circuit adopts an active low-pass filter circuit with adjustable resistance, which can be adjusted according to actual conditions to obtain suitable filter performance.
本发明的工作原理如下：MCU控制模块中存储着生物电信号的基本数据，电脑通过RS232串口与MCU控制模块进行通信，通信中将传递3个重要设置参数，分别是输出信号峰峰值、输出信号频率和输出通道数。参数的设置和发送通过上位机软件来执行。在工作过程中，MCU控制模块一方面利用自己的串口与上位机实现通信，获得进行控制所需要的参数，一方面根据所获得的设置参数输出相应的控制信号和数据，控制DAC模块，实现输出信号的更新。根据它的任务特点，MCU控制模块与上位机的通信采用中断方式进行，与DAC模块的通信采用循环方式进行，这样既可以及时响应上位机的通信要求，又可以避免耗费太多时间在串口通信上面，影响输出信号的频率。为使输出信号的峰峰值可以通过运行于上位机中的上位机进行调整，必须有两级的DAC芯片，其中第一级的输出电压作为第二级的参考电压输入，通过改变第一级DAC芯片的待转换数据来调整其输出，从而改变第二级DAC芯片的参考电压，达到调整输出信号峰峰值的目的。输出通道数的选择与输出信号频率的选择可分别通过DAC芯片的片选信号、相邻两组待转换数据之间的延时实现。The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the basic data of the bioelectric signal is stored in the MCU control module, and the computer communicates with the MCU control module through the RS232 serial port. During the communication, 3 important setting parameters will be transmitted, namely the peak value of the output signal, the output signal frequency and number of output channels. The setting and sending of parameters are carried out through the host computer software. During the working process, on the one hand, the MCU control module uses its own serial port to communicate with the upper computer to obtain the parameters required for control. On the other hand, it outputs corresponding control signals and data according to the obtained setting parameters to control the DAC module to realize output Signal updates. According to its task characteristics, the communication between the MCU control module and the upper computer is carried out in an interrupt mode, and the communication with the DAC module is carried out in a cyclic manner, so that it can respond to the communication requirements of the upper computer in time and avoid spending too much time on serial communication. above, which affects the frequency of the output signal. In order to make the peak-to-peak value of the output signal adjustable by the host computer running in the host computer, there must be a two-stage DAC chip, in which the output voltage of the first stage is used as the reference voltage input of the second stage, by changing the first stage DAC The data to be converted of the chip is used to adjust its output, thereby changing the reference voltage of the second-stage DAC chip to achieve the purpose of adjusting the peak-to-peak value of the output signal. The selection of the number of output channels and the selection of the output signal frequency can be realized respectively through the chip selection signal of the DAC chip and the delay between two adjacent groups of data to be converted.
由于生物电信号的峰峰值较小，很容易受到元件内部噪声和外部环境噪声的干扰，因此在DAC模块的输出端加入可调整滤波频率的滤波电路，以得到相对理想的输出波形。Since the peak-to-peak value of the bioelectrical signal is small, it is easily interfered by the internal noise of the component and the external environmental noise. Therefore, a filter circuit with adjustable filter frequency is added to the output of the DAC module to obtain a relatively ideal output waveform.
所述输出信号频率为基本波形的重复频率，频率范围从20Hz到10KHz；所述输出信号峰峰值的数量级范围从几百微伏到几毫伏；输出通道数可选1至8个通道。The frequency of the output signal is the repetition frequency of the basic waveform, and the frequency range is from 20Hz to 10KHz; the magnitude of the peak-to-peak value of the output signal ranges from several hundred microvolts to several millivolts; the number of output channels can be 1 to 8 channels.
所述的可多通道输出的生物电信号仿真系统中，硬件模块通过PC接口模块获得上位机发送过来的所述参数后，MCU控制模块通过延时参数的改变实现输出信号频率的修改，通过DAC芯片两级级联方式中第一级芯片的输入码的改变实现输出信号峰峰值的修改，通过DAC芯片的片选信号的改变实现输出通道数的修改。 In the multi-channel output bioelectric signal simulation system, after the hardware module obtains the parameters sent by the host computer through the PC interface module, the MCU control module realizes the modification of the output signal frequency through the change of the delay parameter, and through the DAC In the chip two-stage cascading mode, the change of the input code of the first-stage chip realizes the modification of the peak value of the output signal, and the modification of the number of output channels is realized through the change of the chip selection signal of the DAC chip. the
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和效果：多数生物电信号，比如神经信号、心电信号，都是由一个基本波形不断重复而形成的。不同种类生物电信号的变化主要体现在基本波形的不同以及相邻基本波形之间的时间间隔的不同。本发明可通过改变波形的形状和峰峰值来模拟生物电信号的基本波形，通过改变基本波形重复输出的频率来模拟生物电信号基本波形之间的时间间隔，从而实现仿真不同生物电信号的目的。本发明使用简单，只需有PC机就可设置相关参数从而获得所需要的生物电信号的仿真信号，并可根据实际需要调整滤波电路参数获得相对理想的滤波效果。本发明采用DAC芯片两级级联方式进行分压来实现毫伏级的微小信号输出，消除了传统的电阻分压电路引入的内部噪声大、容易将输出信号淹没的缺点。与传统的通过动物实验获得生物电信号的方式相比，本发明更加节省时间和费用，缩短了研发周期；与一般的通过信号发生器产生方波、正弦波等规则的信号作为测试用的信号源相比，本发明所提供的信号与真实信号更加接近，所得的测试结果更具参考意义。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: most bioelectrical signals, such as nerve signals and electrocardiographic signals, are formed by repeated repetition of a basic waveform. The changes of different types of bioelectrical signals are mainly reflected in the difference of the basic waveform and the difference of the time interval between adjacent basic waveforms. The present invention can simulate the basic waveform of the bioelectric signal by changing the shape and peak-to-peak value of the waveform, and simulate the time interval between the basic waveforms of the bioelectric signal by changing the frequency of repeated output of the basic waveform, thereby realizing the purpose of simulating different bioelectric signals . The invention is easy to use, only needs a PC to set relevant parameters to obtain the required bioelectric signal simulation signal, and can adjust filter circuit parameters according to actual needs to obtain a relatively ideal filter effect. The present invention adopts two-stage cascade connection of DAC chips to carry out voltage division to realize micro-signal output at millivolt level, and eliminates the disadvantages of large internal noise introduced by traditional resistance voltage division circuits and easily submerging output signals. Compared with the traditional method of obtaining bioelectrical signals through animal experiments, the present invention saves time and cost and shortens the research and development cycle; compared with the general signal generator that generates regular signals such as square waves and sine waves as test signals Compared with the source, the signal provided by the present invention is closer to the real signal, and the obtained test result has more reference significance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为所述生物电信号仿真系统整体框图。FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the bioelectric signal simulation system.
图2为图1所述生物电信号仿真系统中的硬件模块结构框图。FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of hardware modules in the bioelectrical signal simulation system shown in FIG. 1 .
图3为图2所述硬件模块中的DAC模块结构框图。FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a DAC module in the hardware module shown in FIG. 2 .
图4为图3所述DAC模块中的DAC芯片两级级联方式示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage cascade connection of DAC chips in the DAC module shown in FIG. 3 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实例对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明，但本发明的实施和保护范围不限于此。The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, but the implementation and protection scope of the present invention are not limited thereto.
图1所示为所述生物电信号仿真系统整体框图，包括上位机和硬件模块两大部分。上位机运行在PC上位机上，功能在于设置所要仿真的生物电信号的重要参数并将这些参数发送给硬件模块，硬件模块根据所得到的设置参数输出相应波形。在上位机中可以设置的参数包括：输出信号频率，该频率为基本波形的重复频率，范围从20Hz到10KHz；输出信号峰峰值，范围从几百微伏到几毫伏；输出通道数，1至8个通道可选。以上参数还可根据实际需要灵活调整。Fig. 1 shows the overall block diagram of the bioelectrical signal simulation system, including two parts, the upper computer and the hardware module. The upper computer runs on the PC upper computer, and its function is to set the important parameters of the bioelectrical signal to be simulated and send these parameters to the hardware module, and the hardware module outputs the corresponding waveform according to the obtained setting parameters. The parameters that can be set in the host computer include: output signal frequency, which is the repetition frequency of the basic waveform, ranging from 20Hz to 10KHz; output signal peak-to-peak value, ranging from hundreds of microvolts to several millivolts; output channel number, 1 Up to 8 channels are optional. The above parameters can also be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs.
图2所示为所述生物电信号仿真系统的硬件模块结构框图，包括电源模块、MCU控制模块（包括一个MCU）、PC接口模块（RS232串行通信接口）、DAC模块、滤波电路模块。多数生物电信号，比如神经信号、心电信号，都是由一个基本波形不断重复而形成的。不同种类生物电信号的变化主要体现在基本波形的不同以及相邻基本波形之间的时间间隔的不同。本发明通过改变波形的形状和峰峰值来模拟生物电信号的基本波形，通过改变基本波形重复输出的频率来模拟生物电信号基本波形之间的时间间隔，从而实现仿真不同生物电信号的目的。将已经提取出来的生物电信号的基本波形数据存储在MCU控制模块中，硬件模块复位后，会根据默认的设置参数输出仿真信号。倘若需要更改设置参数，则可通过上位机进行设置并通过RS232总线发送给硬件模块。在通过PC接口模块获得上位机发送过来的控制参数，即输出信号频率、输出信号峰峰值和输出通道数后，MCU控制模块会通过延时参数的改变实现输出信号频率的修改，通过DAC芯片两级级联方式中第一级芯片的输入码的改变实现输出信号峰峰值的修改，通过DAC芯片的片选信号的改变实现输出通道数的修改。参数修改完毕后，硬件模块将按照新设置的参数输出仿真信号。Figure 2 is a block diagram of the hardware module structure of the bioelectric signal simulation system, including a power module, an MCU control module (including one MCU), a PC interface module (RS232 serial communication interface), a DAC module, and a filter circuit module. Most bioelectrical signals, such as nerve signals and ECG signals, are formed by the repetition of a basic waveform. The changes of different types of bioelectrical signals are mainly reflected in the difference of the basic waveform and the difference of the time interval between adjacent basic waveforms. The invention simulates the basic waveform of the bioelectric signal by changing the shape and peak value of the waveform, and simulates the time interval between the basic waveforms of the bioelectric signal by changing the frequency of repeated output of the basic waveform, thereby realizing the purpose of simulating different bioelectric signals. The basic waveform data of the extracted bioelectrical signal is stored in the MCU control module. After the hardware module is reset, the simulation signal will be output according to the default setting parameters. If it is necessary to change the setting parameters, it can be set through the host computer and sent to the hardware module through the RS232 bus. After obtaining the control parameters sent by the host computer through the PC interface module, that is, the output signal frequency, the peak-to-peak value of the output signal, and the number of output channels, the MCU control module will realize the modification of the output signal frequency through the change of the delay parameter. In the cascading mode, the change of the input code of the first-level chip realizes the modification of the peak value of the output signal, and the modification of the number of output channels is realized through the change of the chip selection signal of the DAC chip. After the parameters are modified, the hardware module will output the simulation signal according to the newly set parameters.
图3所示为所述生物电信号仿真器的DAC模块结构框图，由DAC芯片两级级联方式构成，共有8通道输出。DAC1为两级级联方式中的第一级，DAC2-1至DAC2-8为两级级联方式中的第二级。其中第一级DAC芯片的输出电压作为第二级所有DAC芯片的参考电压输入。图4所示即为两级级联方式示意图，其中a代表自然数1至8中的任何一个，也就是说DAC2-a代表第二级DAC芯片中的任何一个。在功能上，DAC芯片的两级级联方式有两种作用。第一，可直接通过上位机设置输出信号峰峰值，而不是像传统的仪器那样采用旋钮进行手动调节。当MCU控制模块得到从上位机传过来的输出信号峰峰值参数后，先通过片选信号选中图4中的DAC1，然后依据参数选择对应的待转换码发送给数模转换芯片DAC1，并启动DAC1的数模转换过程，转换完毕后，DAC1的输出信号便相应更新，因为DAC1的电压输出端与DAC2-a的参考电压输入端相连接，所以DAC2-a的参考电压也相应改变，从而DAC2-a的输出信号峰峰值就依据所设置的参数发生了变化。第二，生物电信号峰峰值较小，通常为毫伏级，可能的做法之一是将数模转换芯片的输出信号通过电阻构成的分压电路以获得足够小的信号，但是采用分立元件所构成的电路的内部噪声大，容易将输出信号淹没。如果采用DAC芯片两级级联方式就可通过高精度数模转换芯片的降格使用实现分压的功能，从而避免因为电阻分压电路的引入带来的干扰。例如，芯片DAC1与DAC2-a均为12位的数模转换芯片，其满量程待转换码的值为212 -1= 4095,倘若我们在编码时将DAC1当成8位的数模转换芯片，将其满量程待转换码的值当成只有28 -1= 255，则相当于对DAC2-a的输出信号进行了1 ：24的分压，变为原来的1/16，如果在编码时也将DAC2-a当成8位的数模转换芯片使用，则相当于又对DAC2-a的输出信号进行了1 ：24的分压，进一步变为最初信号的1/256 。采用两级级联的方式既可保证有足够宽的分压范围，又可使数模转换芯片能有足够的位数将一定数量的待转换码区分开来，减小由此而产生的基本波形的变化。FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of the DAC module of the bioelectrical signal simulator, which is composed of two cascaded DAC chips and has a total of 8 channel outputs. DAC1 is the first stage in the two-stage cascading manner, and DAC2-1 to DAC2-8 are the second stages in the two-stage cascading manner. The output voltage of the first stage DAC chip is used as the reference voltage input of all the second stage DAC chips. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage cascading method, where a represents any one of the natural numbers 1 to 8, that is to say, DAC2-a represents any one of the second-stage DAC chips. In terms of function, the two-stage cascading method of the DAC chip has two functions. First, the peak-to-peak value of the output signal can be set directly through the host computer, instead of using the knob for manual adjustment like traditional instruments. When the MCU control module obtains the peak-to-peak value parameters of the output signal transmitted from the upper computer, it first selects DAC1 in Figure 4 through the chip selection signal, and then selects the corresponding code to be converted according to the parameters and sends it to the digital-to-analog conversion chip DAC1, and starts DAC1 After the conversion is completed, the output signal of DAC1 will be updated accordingly, because the voltage output terminal of DAC1 is connected to the reference voltage input terminal of DAC2-a, so the reference voltage of DAC2-a will also change accordingly, so that DAC2- The peak-to-peak value of the output signal of a changes according to the set parameters. Second, the peak-to-peak value of the bioelectrical signal is relatively small, usually at the millivolt level. One of the possible methods is to pass the output signal of the digital-to-analog conversion chip through a voltage divider circuit composed of resistors to obtain a sufficiently small signal. The internal noise of the formed circuit is large, and the output signal is easily submerged. If the two-stage cascading method of DAC chips is used, the function of voltage division can be realized by downgrading the use of high-precision digital-to-analog conversion chips, thereby avoiding the interference caused by the introduction of resistor voltage divider circuits. For example, chips DAC1 and DAC2-a are both 12-bit digital-to-analog conversion chips, and the value of the full-scale to-be-converted code is 212 -1= 4095. If we regard DAC1 as an 8-bit digital-to-analog conversion chip when encoding, Assuming that the value of the code to be converted in its full scale is only 28 -1= 255, it is equivalent to dividing the output signal of DAC2-a by 1:24 and changing it to 1/16 of the original value. Using DAC2-a as an 8-bit digital-to-analog conversion chip is equivalent to dividing the output signal of DAC2-a by1:24 , which further becomes 1/256 of the original signal. The two-stage cascading method can not only ensure a wide enough voltage division range, but also enable the digital-to-analog conversion chip to have enough bits to distinguish a certain number of codes to be converted, reducing the resulting basic Waveform changes.
综上所述，本发明能通过上位机上位机设置的参数，方便地产生峰峰值小至毫伏级的生物电信号，相较于传统方法更加省时省力，大大提高了效率。To sum up, the present invention can conveniently generate bioelectrical signals with peak-to-peak values as small as millivolts through the parameters set by the host computer, which is more time-saving and labor-saving than traditional methods, and greatly improves efficiency.
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