CN102320879A - High nutrient compound selenium fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high nutrient compound selenium fertilizer comprising selenium, nuisanceless organic material-inorganic material and medium and trace elements, and a preparation method thereof. The high nutrient compound selenium fertilizer comprises 45-60 wt% of organic material, 55-35 wt% of inorganic material, 1-6 wt% of medium and trace elements, and 0.011-0.025 wt% of purified selenium. The fertilizer disclosed in the invention can increase yield efficiently, and allow the applied plant to contain selenium element which has health care effect to human body. The fertilizer adopts a plurality of internal adsorptions to protect selenium to let the selenium in the selenium fertilizer be effective, has good intermiscibility and degradability, keeps selenium from fix, and obviously improves the biological absorption utilization rate of selenium of plants (including tea).

Description

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of manual work and increase selenium fertilizer; A kind of especially high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of forming by selenium element, non-harmful organic materials-inorganic material and middle trace element; Mainly be applicable to Tea Production, it is fertile also to be suitable for using of paddy rice in large food crop, wheat, corn, potato class and fruit tree, Jiangsu cuisine.

Background technology

From last century 70^'It has been in the humans and animals vital movement since the requisite trace element that age is established selenium (Se); Clinical experimental medicine proves that constantly selenium is " bioelement "; If human body lacks selenium; Will cause the vitals functional disorder, can cause 40 surplus kind of disease: cancer, coronary heart disease, myocardosis, arteriosclerosis, mellitus, white blood disease, viral hepatitis etc.

Yet about 42 countries in the whole world are in and lack the selenium status.China is similar with the U.S., and a scarce selenium band is arranged from northeast to southwest, and it is low selenium or scarce selenium district that there is 72% county in China.Practice shows that in the proportion of crop planting process, increasing selenium is the most direct, convenient, cheap and good-quality method.

Selenium is a kind of good antioxidant, is the important component part (selenium and protein bound performance antioxygenation) of Selenoperoxidase (GPX), and its resistance of oxidation is higher 500 times than VE.Big quantity research proves that selenium has the effect that tumour takes place and develops that suppresses, and the low person's poor prognosis of selenium content in the tumour patient blood is found in clinical observation, is prone to recur and transfer.Selenium synthesizes the non-program of strong carcinogen-aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) inductive white corpuscle DNA has blocking effect.Selenium can stop hepatitis B patient to develop into liver cancer.China physician goes through the liver cancer district occurred frequently sick investigation discovery of learning in vogue in 16 years in setting jade: the selenium content that the liver cancer district occurred frequently is lived in people's blood all is lower than the low district of sending out of liver cancer, and onset of liver cancer rate and blood selenium degree are negative correlation; And mend the test of selenium anti-cancer in Qidong, Jiangsu, and mend selenium liver cancer generation ratio is descended, liver cancer person's family history sickness rate is descended.The U.S., Holland, Finland and Chinese science man find that the blood selenium degree of malignant tumor patient is lower than healthy subjects.There is stronger resistance of oxidation in selenium, can the inhibition of screening property and kill and wound cancer cells, and strengthen body immunity, and can lower the body injury that chemotherapy and radiation causes, improve tolerance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy.Selenium preparation all has the cancer of internal organs such as liver, oesophagus, stomach, colon, bladder, mammary gland, prostate gland, ovary and white blood disease etc. and significantly prevents and treatment effect.Selenium is referred to as the anticancer king in the body trace element by scientist.

Selenium to regulate immunologic function, anti-ageing and prevention cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has good action.

Selenium can be regulated immunologic function.The effect that VC, Zn and VE regulate immunologic function is indirect, and selenium mediator body immunity function also has a kind of special function except that indirect action: selenium suddenlys change through preventing virogene, thereby suppresses the pathogenic of virus.This function is that other has the micro-nutrients of immunoloregulation function unexistent, and promptly selenium is unique nutrient substance that can directly suppress virus infection.

" free radical theory " of old and feeble problem gains universal acceptance at present, and what promptly constantly produce in the cellular process has the very radical and a lipoperoxide of strong biological activity, is the principal element that causes that histocyte is old and feeble; And intravital superoxide-dismutase of people (SOD) and Selenoperoxidase materials such as (GSHPX) can be removed radical too much in the body, reduce intravital lipoperoxide.Selenocystein is the activity centre of Selenoperoxidase, participates in oxidation and energy metabolism, plays crucial effect in many-sides such as regulating immunity, resistance virus mutation.Do not have selenium, just do not have peroxidase; Selenium content is few, and peroxidase activity just descends, and radical is just unbridled.Increase selenium and strengthen the removing radical, thereby reach the purpose of delaying human body organ senescence.Research shows, selenium and other element combined action, and the effectiveness of removing radical is wanted high hundreds of, several thousand times.

Scarce selenium is one of important factor that causes heart disease.Selenium is the important factor that links heart function, and the heart human body is had protection and repairing effect.Human body blood selenium degree is low, can cause removing in the body hypofunction of radical, and the fatty acid peroxidase thing in the blood is piled up; The function of myocardial cell membrane is damaged, the vessel wall thickening, blood vessel elasticity is poor; Rate of blood flow is slack-off, send the oxygen function reduction, thereby brings out cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Germany scientist once to hundreds of name suffer from coronary sclerosis, cardiac muscle suffocates and hypertensive patient's investigation draws: the intravital selenium content of these patients proves that than healthy subjects much less selenium content and cardiovascular diseases are inverse ratio.The investigation of the portion of the U.S. shows, lacks the number of dying from myocardosis, apoplexy and other relevant high blood pressure disease in the selenium area in the food than rich selenium area Senior Three times.Science is mended selenium all has better effects to preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, arteriosclerosis.Adopted selenium to cure some heart trouble at present, obtained good therapeutic action as treat stenocardia, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease etc. with selenium.

In addition; Scarce selenium is directly related in Keshan disease, big joint, ammonia poisoning, gastritis, cataract, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ephritis, the deficiency of blood, great insomnia, stomatocace, immunologic hypofunction and the human body, and it is remarkable that these patients are taken the organoselenium result of treatment.

Selenium still is the defence agent of some heavy metal.Experiment finds that selenium has resistant function to cadmium, mercury, arsenic etc., but these metallic elements of antagonism get into human body.

The present invention is to be the center to increase selenium, and adds the middle trace element of increasing crop yield key element.

Over more than 100 year, N, P, K major fertilizer elements play leading role on increasing crop yield, but to the middle and later periods in last century; Scientist and peasant household all find; Only a large amount of N, P, K fertilizer of using not only do not increase production the underproduction on the contrary, and then find; These macroelement fertilizer are under excessive use, and its utilization ratio only reaches 30%.Scientist has found micro-production-increasing function in exploration, found the vital role of moderate-element raising the output then, and draws " bucket effect " and say.In fact, the amount of application of N, P, K sharply increases over more than 100 year, and the middle trace element of constantly being taken away by plant does not simultaneously obtain the supply of system.Consistent recognizing in the micro-element nutrition academic exchange conference in beginning of this century China first: the shortage of trace element in 21 century calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, the iron etc. has become one of Chinese agriculture raising the output major obstacle.

Owing to the metallic element in the middle trace element (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) is prone to lose efficacy with the carbonate and the phosphate radical generation chemical reaction of soil, even if in fertilizer, allocate the middle micro element of q.s into, farm crop also can't absorb by institute's allocation ratio.In addition, the validity of trace element during soil pH value, weather etc. also influence.Therefore, need the centering trace element to carry out chelating, to protect its validity.Sequestrant is existing multiple, and effective have amino acid, EDTA and an EDDHA etc.Abundant because of organic substance of the present invention, the chelating effect is arranged, granulated in addition protection has constituted the micro-multiple protective of centering.

The occurrence patterns of selenium has 6 kinds in the soil: selenium element, selenium oxide, sodium selenate, Sodium Selenite, organoselenium, and volatilization selenium.The chemical bond of selenium has Se⁴⁺, Se^2-, Se⁶⁺, have human to experiment showed, Se in the tealeaves⁴⁺Account for the 3.89%-14.17% of total selenium amount, Se^2-Content is 87.13%-96.11%, Se⁶⁺Do not exist in the tealeaves.

According to research, easy to be fixing rapidly after selenium is manured into soil by sesquioxide in the soil (iron, aluminium), especially at acid soil, Se⁴⁺Absorption fixing strong, the bioavailability of selenium is low, the tealeaves selenium content increases slowly.For this reason, a micro-component of selenium as fertilizer sources is necessary for it environment that fully discharges is set.After selenium got into soil, its biological effectiveness and soil ulmin were tight association, through mensuration, and the soil that organic content is high, water soluble selenium is relevant significantly with the selenium of plant absorbing, and the low soil of organic content, then dependency is very poor.Tealeaves is increased the selenium Study on Technology to be proved, tealeaves selenium and soil available selenium are remarkable positive correlation, with lateral reactivity attitude selenium and slow attitude selenium higher dependency is arranged also.Available state selenium receives the soil organic matter content considerable influence equally, also receives the influence (clay mainly influences full selenium of soil and residual form selenium content) of soil clay particle content.Someone with soil ulmin+selenium+other micronutrient element, can improve the validity of selenium in the different schemes of the fertile configuration of selenium; Test shows has the participation of soil ulmin, can form stable combination solution; Avoided being fixed and precipitating of selenium element; Be prone to be transformed, overcome that singly to execute selenium content in inorganic selenium consumption and the agricultural-food uncontrollable and to the spinoff (inorganic selenium directly gets into soil and water body, then causes the pollution of soil and water body when excessive) of environment by plant absorbing.With the continuous extraction classification technique 9 kinds of different propertiess of China and the horizontal soil of selenium discovered that quick-acting selenium and slow selenium can be used for weighing the validity of Selenium in Soil, the rich scarce degree that sum of the two can be used for estimating the situation of Selenium in Soil and predicts selenium.The storage of selenium in the soil shows that through the analytical results to the combining form of selenium in Yunnan, 42 soil layers of 14 sections in Sichuan and Zhejiang selenium is mainly composed and existed in soil ulmin and the remaining lattice.Soil organic selenium can be divided into the two portions with humic acid and fulvic acid combined.In on average, humic acid combined selenium accounts for 34% of organoselenium, and fulvic acid combined selenium accounts for 66%; To California, USA and to China the discovering of the organoselenium in several kinds of soil of moistening half humid region, organic selenium is also mainly composed and is stored in the fulvic acid.And the ratio that lacks humic acid combined selenium in the selenium soil organic attitude selenium is generally all higher.The selenium of the selenium of humic acid component and fulvic acid component all mainly is the form appearance with selenoamino acid, and some is similar.In soil extract, organoselenium can account for about 50% of water soluble selenium, and this being distributed in the soil of selenium is stable.

Selenium fertilizer of the present invention be the people for increasing selenium, be to lack selenium soil to add the selenium element, to make selenium fertile in order to lack the selenium area, for farm crop (comprising tealeaves) increase selemium nutrition, with most convenient, cheapness, directly mode is a body-care.And, according to being fruitful of selenium and soil correlative study, selenium and the middle trace element of mutually promoting, selenium and the organic-inorganic that shields, with inner complex, to be combined into present high available state selenium fertile with constitution etc.

With disclosed nearly 50 selenium fertilizer formulas (comprising solid-state and liquid) comparison at present, ignored by artificial for the validity of selenium.What is the available state of selenium? Being exactly that " selenium " in your the selenium fertilizer obtains protection in edatope, activity is arranged, is effectively, can high bioavailability (＞90%) be arranged by the plant absorbing utilization.In fact, the selenium in being manured into soil under acidic conditions, is fixed rapidly by sesquioxide (iron, aluminium), wherein Se especially⁴⁺Absorption fixing strong; In addition, clay mineral, the soil organism etc. also adsorb selenium or make it become complex compound (selenium and soil clay particle content, organic content are proportionate); Also have inorganic selenium residual in the soil, small molecules organoselenium and volatilization selenium etc. to subject to leaching loss.And under the high condition of soil pH value (alkaline condition), the pH value is high more, and the activity of selenium is big more, and leaching loss is just serious more.Total is that selenium has been fixed, and has run off, and makes the absorbent selenium amount of plant few and slow, makes the bioavailability of selenium low.Here it is, and some selenium are fertile, and reality is not seen the reason that increases the selenium effect.The usefulness multilayer resist technology of patent novelty so of the present invention makes the selenium in being manured into soil become available state.One of which, selenium of the present invention is fertile, and a large amount of organic matters are arranged in the prescription, makes selenium become small molecules organoselenium (Se through fermentation^2-); Its two, selenium is processed chelating selenium, or processes two inner complexs, selenium effectively is protected; Its three, selenium fertilizer of the present invention is that a kind of tunicary particle is fertile, also is effectively one of protection; Its four, there is mutual promoting action in the special middle trace element that has added chelating in the selenium fertilizer of the present invention between them, has also improved their activity in soil.First kind of protection for selenium has the scholar to be referred to as " internal adsorption ".In fact, second and third, four kinds of protections also are a kind of " internal adsorption "!

It is sure increasing that selenium makes tealeaves raising the output and improve quality, only a routine underproduction or other reason.Because of being fixed of selenium applies selenium in a large number, then cause environmental pollution to have case.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of by selenium element, non-harmful organic materials-inorganic material and middle micro-high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of forming and preparation method thereof.This organic and inorganic composite selenic fertilizer can efficiently increase production and can make the crop of using contain the selenium element to human body tool health-care effect.

The present invention adopts multiple internal adsorption protection selenium, makes the fertile selenium of selenium become available state, has good intermiscibility and degradability, avoids selenium to be fixed, and obviously improves the bio-absorbable utilization ratio of plant (comprising tea tree) to selenium.

Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is following:

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer is characterized in that: comprise the following component of forming according to weight proportion:

Organic materials 45%-60%

Inorganic material 55%-35%

Middle trace element 1%-6%;

Selenium element 0.011-0.025% pure selenium (1 gram pure selenium is equivalent to 3.4 gram selenites, is equivalent to the oxide compound of 1 gram selenium approximately), perhaps selenite 0.05mg/kg-0.50mg/kg.

The technical indicator of said finished product is: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium+selenium+middle trace element are about 40%, and is organic about 50%, and soil ulmin is about 30%, and crude protein (tropina) is about 16%, pH5.8～6.7.

Organic materials of the present invention comprises that crop material, cake fertilizer, fowl and animal excrement etc. are 20%-50% by weight ratio

Crop material in the organic materials of the present invention is formed by the one or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly in the following at least material:

Gramineae class: Wheat Straw, Caulis Hordei Vulgaris, oat straw, straw from rye, straw straw, sorghum stalks, corn stalk;

Pulse family class: soya bean straw, broad bean straw, pea straw, cowpea straw, plumage French beans straw, peanut tendril;

Fruit tree, vegetables residuum: oranges and tangerines slag, pineapple waste, vegetables residuum;

Crop by product: comprise wheat class bran, rice husk and rice bran;

Subtropical plant by product: bagasse, the sisal dregs of linseeds or sesame seeds, banana stalk leaf;

Potato class tendril: Ipomoea batatas is climing, potato stem stalk;

Forage grass residuum: alfalfa, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), shrubbery false indigo, amaranth seed powder, hybrid giant napier.

Cake fertilizer in the organic materials of the present invention is formed by the one or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly in the following at least material: soybean cake, peanut cake, sesame-send cake, rapeseed cake, cotton seed cake, Semen Ricini cake, seeds of a tung oil tree cake, Residuum Camelliae Semen preparatum, Sunflower Receptacle cake.

Fowl and animal excrement in the organic materials of the present invention is formed by the one or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly in the following at least material: all kinds of fowl and animal excrements and pad grass thereof.Manure of livestock and poultry and pad grass thereof are main to collect farmers''s manure of livestock and poultry.

Inorganic macronutrient of the present invention comprises following component at least: urea (through transforming), ammonium sulfate, phosphorus ammonium class, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, superphosphate of lime etc.Promptly form with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition three elements.

Trace element comprises following component at least in of the present invention: lime carbonate or calcium sulfate, sal epsom, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, copper sulfate, sulfurous acid iron, promptly form by 9 kinds of elements such as Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Mn, B, Mo, Cu, Fe.Wherein lime carbonate is used for the acid soil prescription, and calcium sulfate is used for the alkaline soil prescription.

The preparation method of a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that:

1. will pass through organic materials, the inorganic material of pulverizing, fermentation maturity and weigh respectively, add entry, mix according to organic materials and inorganic material total amount about 10%;

2. in mixture, add the granulating auxiliary agent, described granulating auxiliary agent is Z 150PH (PVA) treated starch sticker, and its add-on is according to the 1.5%-1.8% of organic materials and inorganic material total amount;

3. granulation: by the granulation of GB grade scale, require material to cross 40 mesh sieves with tablets press during granulation, sticker viscosity 30mPa ' s, the 1mm granulating rate reaches 98%, effectively granulating rate (2-6mm) reaches 72.0%.

Of the present invention selenium, middle trace element are processed inner complex, employed sequestrant is: amino acid, xanthohumic acid, EDTA (YD 30), EDDHA (quadrol two o-hydroxy phenylacetic acids).4 kinds of sequestrants use wherein a kind of or two kinds, use two chelatings of two kinds be called.

The preparation method of organic materials of the present invention is:

1. pulverize:

With the crop material in the organic materials, cake fertilizer class, the bigger material of fowl animal manure class equal-volume, through being crushed to 40 orders;

2. fermentation maturity

In through the organic materials after pulverizing, adding biologically active agent ferments.

Described biologically active agent comprises microbial preparation EM Japan stoste; (stoste system introduces the former bacterial classification of Japan; By domestic production) and microbial straw quick rotting agent (registration number 2003-0095; The patent No. 9711992.6), the 0.1%-0.2% that microbial preparation EM presses organic materials weight adds, and agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed is pressed 0.1% of organic materials weight and added.

3. the expansion of microbiobacterial agent:

The in advance preceding expansion of EM flora adds 0.4% stoste, 0.1% sugar, 0.2% potassium primary phosphate respectively, dilution, fermentation, and a large amount of breedings of bacterium become the expansion microbial inoculum;

Agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed in advance before enlarge and divided for three steps: the first step, adds 5 times to the rice bran of microbial inoculum and cake fertilizer (rice bran, cake fertilizer 1:1) in microbial inoculum, ferment through short-term and to process mikrobe expansion bacterium; Second step added 3 times of chicken manures to fermentation expansion bacterium amount, bone meal, superphosphate of lime (1:1:1) etc., and composting becomes microbiological active organic fertilizer; The 3rd step, mix (N:P:K is than being 5:2:3) again with 2 times of nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic fertilizers to active organic fertilizer, become the expansion microbial inoculum via a large amount of breedings of bacterium.The mikrobe quick rotting agent probiotics dosage that adds is 0.1%.

Said two kinds of microbial inoculums can add or first EM simultaneously, add quick rotting agent when treating for the first time stirring again.

4. fermentation maturity is handled

After enlarging microbial inoculum and organic materials mixes in advance, add 0.5% nitrogen again, or with people's animal manure of urea a great deal of, adjusting C/N ratio is 25-45:1.The successful standard of fermenting is: aromatising flavour or distiller's yeast flavor is arranged; Color is bright brown or dark brown or isabelline, looks fermentation raw material and decides.

 

In the organic materials of the present invention, forbid directly using the fecaluria of an intensification fowl poultry discharging,, comprise special hormones, microbiotic, virus, bacterium, metallic element, excess chlorination thing etc. because of it contains the fodder additives part that is difficult to degrade of forbidding.Must after 100% harmless treatment, use.

In the organic materials of the present invention, forbid directly using contaminated industrial organic waste, like bone meal, bone acid waste residue, amino residue, domestic birds and animals processing waste material, waste material from sugar refinery etc.Available after harmless treatment.

In the organic materials of the present invention, ban use of domestic waste and mud, its composition is very complicated, and heavy metal and chemical toxicant content are difficult to control, and pollutent often exceeds standard, and has endless trouble.

In the organic materials of the present invention, ban use of hospital's ight soil and rubbish, wherein often contain poison gas, pathogeny mikrobe, heavy metal etc.

Said municipal sludge, rubbish and hospital's ight soil, rubbish are as still available after harmless treatment.

The configuration of inorganic material of the present invention and configuration requirement

1. inorganic fertilizer: the present invention is not a nitrogenous source with urea, be low because of the urea decomposition temperature, solubleness is high, when meeting with chemical fertilizer such as phosphorus ammonium class, separates out free-water, can't normally mix, it is fertile just to be difficult to the ordinary production compound.As adopt the also available urea of method for transformation to make nitrogenous source.Inorganic fertilizer will be made pulverization process, and granularity reaches GB.

Inorganic fertilizer three essential fertilizer ratio N:P:K approximates 5:2:3, and its total amount is 35%-45%.

The inorganic fertilizer equipping rules is to strengthen nitrogen nutrition and potassium nutrition, the control phosphorus nutrition.Because soil phosphorus contents such as present most of vegetable garden, orchard, tea place, medicine garden are all higher, potassium is plain, the phosphorus element of limiting the quantity of is necessary so replenish.The chemical fertilizer that adds is necessary to control the accumulation that exceeds standard of chlorine amount of element and nitrate salt amount, reduces the influence to crop product special flavour and environmental protection to greatest extent.

2. middle trace element: middle trace element be 21 century increasing crop yield with improve the indispensable nutritive element of quality.This patent is worked out by 9 kinds of elements such as Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Mn, B, Mo, Cu, Fe and being formed.Their proportion of composing is: Ca 0.5%-1.0%:Mg 0.2%:S 0.6%:Zn 1.8%:Mn 0.05%:B 0.4%:Mo 0.01%:Cu 0.06%:Fe 0.2%-0.3%.

3. selenium element: selenium content requires to meet GB GB13105-1991 " in the food selenium limit the quantity of hygienic standard ".According to existing practice, in poor selenium area, aforementioned, it is 0.011%-0.025% that the present invention intends pure selenium content, perhaps uses selenite content 0.05mg/kg-0.50mg/kg.Experiment shows; Execute the selenite amount when soil and be no less than 0.25mg/kg; The tealeaves selenium content obviously increases, and when consumption reaches 0.25mg/kg when above, can make the tealeaves selenium content reach tea rich in selenium standard (the standard NY/T600-2002:0.25mg-4.0mg/kg of The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, MOA; Old ancestor diligent academician's standard: 0.5mg-2.0mg/kg has multiple standards at present, shows that tealeaves increases selenium and farm crop increase selenium all in further investigation).Experiment shows that also growth of tea plant was obstructed when soil was executed selenium content and is 1.0mg/kg.

The configuration amount of selenium element as in poor selenium district and junction, rich naturally selenium district, must be carried out the detection of Selenium in Soil content.

The method of use of a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of product of the present invention is following:

Selenium sustainable 5-6 in soil in this high available state composite selenic fertilizer.Mainly be fit to do base fertilizer, the most suitable tea tree is used and makes tea rich in selenium fertilizer, 3 years Nei Keda tea rich in selenium of applied once standard.Because of high nutrition, spring tea makes behind the base fertilizer spraying fertilizer no longer in addition; The summer autumn tea can impose once strong bud fertilizer in addition.Spring, summer, the autumn crop that lack breeding time in the field crop are only executed once as base fertilizer like crops such as paddy rice, corn, vegetables; To breeding time the crop more than 200 days, do outside the base fertilizer like winter wheat, rape etc., respectively at heading stage or at bud stage, in addition mend to execute once and topdress, but the saving of labor, save time, raise labour productivity.

In addition, no matter on which kind of crop, use as base fertilizer, the most important thing is necessary deep placement, deep placement is the key of protecting fertile and slowly-releasing.Ditch spread, circulating application or spread manuer in holes all can.

The present invention is strict GB by organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer; The nuisanceless composition of standard organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer and nuisanceless ME; And re-add selenium element and middle trace element, make it become can efficiently to increase production and the crop of using is contained human body increased the selenium health-care effect.

The present invention meets the technical target of the product and the environmental quality controlling index such as hygiology, heavy metal of State Standard of the People's Republic of China's regulation.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage described in background technology:

1. the most outstanding speciality of the present invention is the thinking innovation; And use the various modern technology to make the selenium in the selenium fertilizer become available state, at first used multiple " internal adsorption " protection selenium, like the mutual work of profuse soil ulmin (humic acid), good sequestrant, middle trace element and selenium in the organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer, two kinds of fermenting processs that mikrobe is participated in; Reality has become the part inorganic selenium and has been that the organoselenium small molecules supplies plant root to absorb; Or the like, polymer is examined embedding wherein with selenium again, and the degree of depth has been improved the good intermiscibility and the degradability of selenium; The comprehensive selenium of having defendd is fixed, and has improved the bio-absorbable utilization ratio of plant (comprising tea tree) to selenium comprehensively.

2. principal character of the present invention is: granular, slowly-releasing, nuisanceless.Its technical indicator is: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium+selenium+middle trace element are about 40%, and is organic about 50%, and humic acid is about 30%, and crude protein (tropina) is about 16%, pH5.8～6.7.

3. the present invention has important production performance:

(1) can produce Se-rich farm products, increase the selenium health care.Because of containing the selenium element, can make tealeaves, rice, wheat, corn etc. increase selenium, can improve health-care effect after eating to human body.

(2) can full nutrition be provided to crop and soil.Its most important characteristics is that this compound fertilizer does not contain the HUMAN HEALTH objectionable impurities, can produce non-harmful product, and guarantees high yield, the stable yields of crop; Because of nutritive element has slow-releasing, can improve the utilization ratio of nutrient to greatest extent, and alleviate the environmental pollution that causes because of fertilising.

(3) have stronger ecological functions.Mainly show as and can increase considerably the soil organism, improve the soil physics performance, effectively improve soil microbial activities, the water conservation, the guarantor that improve soil are fertile, and water supply, feeder capability help the soil difficultly soluble nutrient and transform to the direction that is easy to the crop absorption.

(4) can keep the natural flavor of agricultural-food.Because of nutrition is configured to organism is main, can effectively improve tealeaves, fruits and vegetables, field crop inherence and external quality, improves its nutritive ingredient, keeps original local flavor.

(5) can improve the resistance of crop.Because of the biological activity of nutritive ingredient, have stronger Physiology and biochemistry effect, can influence the metabolic process of crop, improve the ability of crop disease-resistant, anti-poor environment.Selenium can also exceed standard to the harm of people, animal by the antagonism heavy metal in soil.

(6) can greatly improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, through measuring, the volatilization of this compound fertilizer ammonia in soil, the loss of nitrogen, potassium is less than 1/2 of inorganic fertilizer; Supply the nitrogen amount to Duo about 50% to vegetables than inorganic fertilizer.This is the obvious speciality of the high nutrient substance of the fertile tool of selenium of the present invention.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer is characterized in that: comprise the following component of forming according to weight proportion:

Organic materials 55%

Inorganic material 42%

Middle trace element 2.989%;

Selenium element 0.011% pure selenium (1 gram pure selenium is equivalent to 3.4 gram selenites, is equivalent to the oxide compound of 1 gram selenium approximately).

The technical indicator of said finished product is: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium+selenium+middle trace element are about 40%, and is organic about 50%, and humic acid is about 30%, and crude protein (tropina) is about 16%, pH5.8～6.7.

Organic materials of the present invention comprises that crop material, cake fertilizer, fowl and animal excrement etc. are 20%-50% by weight ratio.

Crop material in the organic materials of the present invention is formed by the one or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly in the following at least material:

Gramineae class: Wheat Straw, Caulis Hordei Vulgaris, oat straw, straw from rye, straw straw, sorghum stalks, corn stalk;

Pulse family class: soya bean straw, broad bean straw, pea straw, cowpea straw, plumage French beans straw, peanut tendril;

Fruit tree, vegetables residuum: oranges and tangerines slag, pineapple waste, vegetables residuum;

Crop by product: comprise wheat class bran, rice husk and rice bran;

Subtropical plant by product: bagasse, the sisal dregs of linseeds or sesame seeds, banana stalk leaf;

Potato class tendril: Ipomoea batatas is climing, potato stem stalk;

Forage grass residuum: alfalfa, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), shrubbery false indigo, amaranth seed powder, hybrid giant napier.

Cake fertilizer in the organic materials of the present invention is formed by the one or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly in the following at least material:

Soybean cake, peanut cake, sesame-send cake, rapeseed cake, cotton seed cake, Semen Ricini cake, seeds of a tung oil tree cake, Residuum Camelliae Semen preparatum, Sunflower Receptacle cake.

All kinds of fowl and animal excrements in the organic materials of the present invention and pad grass thereof are formed by at least a or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly wherein.Being noted that manure of livestock and poultry and pad grass thereof, is main to collect farmers''s manure of livestock and poultry.

Inorganic macronutrient of the present invention comprises urea (through transforming), ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate type, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, superphosphate of lime etc.Promptly form with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition three elements.

Trace element comprises following component in of the present invention: lime carbonate or calcium sulfate, sal epsom, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, copper sulfate, sulfurous acid iron, promptly form by 9 kinds of elements such as Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Mn, B, Mo, Cu, Fe.Wherein lime carbonate is used for the acid soil prescription, and calcium sulfate is used for the alkaline soil prescription.

The preparation method of a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that:

1. will pass through organic materials, the inorganic material of pulverizing, fermentation maturity and weigh respectively, add entry, mix according to about 10% of organic materials and inorganic material total amount;

2. in mixture, add the granulating auxiliary agent, described granulating auxiliary agent is Z 150PH (PVA) treated starch sticker, and its add-on is according to the 1.5-1.8% of organic materials and inorganic material total amount;

3. granulation: by the granulation of GB grade scale, require material to cross 40 mesh sieves with tablets press during granulation, sticker viscosity 30mPa ' s, the 1mm granulating rate reaches 98%, effectively granulating rate (2-6mm) reaches 72.0%.

Of the present invention selenium, middle trace element are processed inner complex, employed sequestrant is: amino acid, xanthohumic acid, EDTA (YD 30), EDDHA (quadrol two o-hydroxy phenylacetic acids).4 kinds of sequestrants use wherein a kind of or two kinds, use two chelatings of two kinds be called.

The preparation method of organic materials of the present invention is:

1. pulverize:

With the crop material in the organic materials, cake fertilizer class, the bigger material of fowl animal manure class equal-volume, through being crushed to 40 orders;

2. fermentation maturity

In through the organic materials after pulverizing, adding biologically active agent ferments.

Described biologically active agent comprises microbial preparation EM Japan stoste; (stoste system introduces the former bacterial classification of Japan; By the doctor's domestic production of studying in Japan) and microbial straw quick rotting agent (registration number 2003-0095; The patent No. 9711992.6), microbial preparation EM presses 0.1% of organic materials weight and adds, and agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed is pressed 0.1% of organic materials weight and added.

3. the expansion of microbiobacterial agent:

The in advance preceding expansion of EM flora adds 0.4% stoste, 0.1% sugar, 0.2% potassium primary phosphate respectively, dilution, fermentation, and a large amount of breedings of bacterium become the expansion microbial inoculum;

Agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed in advance before enlarge and divided for three steps: the first step, adds 5 times to the rice bran of microbial inoculum and cake fertilizer (rice bran, cake fertilizer 1:1) in microbial inoculum, ferment through short-term and to process mikrobe expansion bacterium; Second step added 3 times of chicken manures to fermentation expansion bacterium amount, bone meal, superphosphate of lime (1:1:1) etc., and composting becomes microbiological active organic fertilizer; The 3rd step, mix (N:P:K is than being 5:2:3) again with 2 times of nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic fertilizers to active organic fertilizer, become the expansion microbial inoculum via a large amount of breedings of bacterium.The mikrobe quick rotting agent probiotics dosage that adds is 0.1%.

Said two kinds of microbial inoculums can add or first EM simultaneously, add quick rotting agent when treating for the first time stirring again.

4. fermentation maturity is handled

After enlarging microbial inoculum and organic materials mixes in advance, add 0.5% nitrogen again, or with people's animal manure of urea a great deal of, adjusting C/N ratio is 25-45:1.The successful standard of fermenting is: aromatising flavour or distiller's yeast flavor is arranged; Color is bright brown or dark brown or isabelline, looks fermentation raw material and decides.

In the organic materials of the present invention, forbid directly using the fecaluria of an intensification fowl poultry discharging,, comprise special hormones, microbiotic, virus, bacterium, metallic element, excess chlorination thing etc. because of it contains the fodder additives part that is difficult to degrade of forbidding.Must after 100% harmless treatment, use.

In the organic materials of the present invention, forbid directly using contaminated industrial organic waste, like bone meal, bone acid waste residue, amino residue, domestic birds and animals processing waste material, waste material from sugar refinery etc.Available after harmless treatment.

In the organic materials of the present invention, ban use of domestic waste and mud, its composition is very complicated, and heavy metal and chemical toxicant content are difficult to control, and pollutent often exceeds standard, and has endless trouble.

In the organic materials of the present invention, ban use of hospital's ight soil and rubbish, wherein often contain poison gas, pathogeny mikrobe, heavy metal etc.

Said municipal sludge, rubbish and hospital's ight soil, rubbish are as still available after harmless treatment.

The configuration of inorganic material of the present invention and configuration requirement

1. inorganic fertilizer: the present invention is not a nitrogenous source with urea, be low because of the urea decomposition temperature, solubleness is high, when meeting with chemical fertilizer such as phosphorus ammonium class, separates out free-water, can't normally mix, it is fertile just to be difficult to the ordinary production compound.As adopt the also available urea of method for transformation to make nitrogenous source.Inorganic fertilizer will be made pulverization process, and granularity reaches GB.

Inorganic fertilizer three essential fertilizer ratio N:P:K approximates 5:2:3, and its total amount is about 35%.

The inorganic fertilizer equipping rules is to strengthen nitrogen nutrition and potassium nutrition, the control phosphorus nutrition.Because soil phosphorus contents such as present most of vegetable garden, orchard, tea place, medicine garden are all higher, potassium is plain, the phosphorus element of limiting the quantity of is necessary so replenish.The chemical fertilizer that adds is necessary to control the accumulation that exceeds standard of chlorine amount of element and nitrate salt amount, reduces the influence to crop product special flavour and environmental protection to greatest extent.

2. middle trace element: this patent is worked out by 9 kinds of elements such as Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Mn, B, Mo, Cu, Fe and being formed.Their proportion of composing is:

Ca?0.5%

Mg?0.2%

S?0.6%

Zn?1.8%

Mn?0.05%

B?0.4%

Mo?0.01%

Cu?0.06%

Fe?0.2%。

3. selenium element: selenium content requires to meet GB GB13105-1991 " in the food selenium limit the quantity of hygienic standard ".According to existing practice, in poor selenium area, it is 0.011%-0.025% that the present invention intends pure selenium content, perhaps uses selenite content 0.05mg/kg-0.50mg/kg.

 

Embodiment 2

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer comprises the following component of forming according to weight proportion:

Organic materials 60%

Inorganic material 45%

Middle trace element 4.975%

Selenium element 0.025% pure selenium (1 gram pure selenium is equivalent to 3.4 gram selenites, is equivalent to the oxide compound of 1 gram selenium approximately).

The technical indicator of said finished product is: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium+selenium+middle trace element are about 40%, and is organic about 50%, and humic acid is about 30%, and crude protein (tropina) is about 16%, pH5.8～6.7.

The preparation method of a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that:

1. will pass through organic materials, the inorganic material of pulverizing, fermentation maturity and weigh respectively, add entry, mix according to organic materials and inorganic material total amount about 10%;

2. in mixture, add the granulating auxiliary agent, described granulating auxiliary agent is Z 150PH (PVA) treated starch sticker, and its add-on is according to the 1.5%-1.8% of organic materials and inorganic material total amount;

3. granulation: by the granulation of GB grade scale, require material to cross 40 mesh sieves with tablets press during granulation, sticker viscosity 30mPa ' s, the 1mm granulating rate reaches 98%, effectively granulating rate (2-6mm) reaches 72.0%.

Of the present invention selenium, middle trace element are processed inner complex, employed sequestrant is: EDTA (YD 30), EDDHA (quadrol two o-hydroxy phenylacetic acids).

The preparation method of organic materials of the present invention is:

1. pulverize:

With the crop material in the organic materials, cake fertilizer class, the bigger material of fowl animal manure class equal-volume, through being crushed to 40 orders;

2. fermentation maturity

In through the organic materials after pulverizing, adding biologically active agent ferments.

Described biologically active agent comprises microbial preparation EM Japan stoste; (stoste system introduces the former bacterial classification of Japan; By the doctor's domestic production of studying in Japan) and microbial straw quick rotting agent (registration number 2003-0095; The patent No. 9711992.6), microbial preparation EM presses 0.2% of organic materials weight and adds, and agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed is pressed 0.1% of organic materials weight and added.

3. the expansion of microbiobacterial agent:

The in advance preceding expansion of EM flora adds 0.4% stoste, 0.1% sugar, 0.2% potassium primary phosphate respectively, dilution, fermentation, and a large amount of breedings of bacterium become the expansion microbial inoculum;

Agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed in advance before enlarge and divided for three steps: the first step, adds 5 times to the rice bran of microbial inoculum and cake fertilizer (rice bran, cake fertilizer 1:1) in microbial inoculum, ferment through short-term and to process mikrobe expansion bacterium; Second step added 3 times of chicken manures to fermentation expansion bacterium amount, bone meal, superphosphate of lime (1:1:1) etc., and composting becomes microbiological active organic fertilizer; The 3rd step, mix (N:P:K is than being 5:2:3) again with 2 times of nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic fertilizers to active organic fertilizer, become the expansion microbial inoculum via a large amount of breedings of bacterium.The mikrobe quick rotting agent probiotics dosage that adds is 0.1%.

Said two kinds of microbial inoculums can add or first EM simultaneously, add quick rotting agent when treating for the first time stirring again.

4. fermentation maturity is handled

After enlarging microbial inoculum and organic materials mixes in advance, add 0.5% nitrogen again, or with people's animal manure of urea a great deal of, adjusting C/N ratio is 25-45:1.The successful standard of fermenting is: aromatising flavour or distiller's yeast flavor is arranged; Color is bright brown or dark brown or isabelline, looks fermentation raw material and decides.

Embodiment 3

With aforementioned, realize the object of the invention equally.

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer comprises the following component of forming according to weight proportion:

Organic materials 45%

Inorganic material 53%

Middle trace element 1.975%

Selenium element 0.025% pure selenium

The method of use of a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of product of the present invention is following:

Selenium sustainable 5-6 in soil in this high available state selenium fertilizer.Mainly be fit to do base fertilizer, the most suitable tea tree is used and makes tea rich in selenium fertilizer, 3 years Nei Keda tea rich in selenium of applied once standard.Because of high nutrition, spring tea makes behind the base fertilizer spraying fertilizer no longer in addition; The summer autumn tea can impose once strong bud fertilizer in addition.Spring, summer, the autumn crop that lack breeding time in the field crop are only executed once as base fertilizer like crops such as paddy rice, corn, vegetables; To breeding time the crop more than 200 days, do outside the base fertilizer like winter wheat, rape etc., respectively at heading stage or at bud stage, in addition mend to execute once and topdress, but the saving of labor, save time, raise labour productivity.

In addition, no matter on which kind of crop, use as base fertilizer, the most important thing is necessary deep placement, deep placement is the key of protecting fertile and slowly-releasing.Ditch spread, circulating application or spread manuer in holes all can.

The present invention is strict GB by organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer; The nuisanceless composition of standard organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer and nuisanceless ME; And re-add in trace element and selenium element, make it become can efficiently to increase production and the crop of using is contained human body increased the selenium health-care effect.

The present invention meets the technical target of the product and the environmental quality controlling index such as hygiology, heavy metal of State Standard of the People's Republic of China's regulation.

Embodiment 4

With aforementioned, realize the object of the invention equally.

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer comprises the following component of forming according to weight proportion:

Organic materials 49%

Inorganic material 55%

Middle trace element 5.989%

Selenium element 0.011% pure selenium

Embodiment 5

With aforementioned, realize the object of the invention equally.

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer comprises the following component of forming according to weight proportion:

Organic materials 60%

Inorganic material 35%

Middle trace element 4.975%

Selenium element 0.025% pure selenium

Embodiment 6

With aforementioned, realize the object of the invention equally.

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer comprises the following component of forming according to weight proportion:

Organic materials 45.98%

Inorganic material 52%

Middle trace element 2%

Selenium element 0.02%

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of the present invention and preparation method thereof is to implement by following technical scheme:

1,Nuisanceless organic materials configuration and pre-treatment

(1) nuisanceless organic materials is formed

1) organic materials kind: not all organic materials was all taken in simultaneously during this organic materials was formed, but with producing the different organic materialss of collecting various combination in season.Organic materials has following kind:

Gramineae class: Wheat Straw, Caulis Hordei Vulgaris, oat straw, straw from rye, straw straw, sorghum stalks, corn stalk etc.

Pulse family class: soya bean straw, broad bean straw, pea straw, cowpea straw, plumage French beans straw, peanut tendril etc.

Fruit tree, vegetables residuum: oranges and tangerines slag, pineapple waste, vegetables residuum etc.

Crop by product: comprise wheat class bran, rice husk and rice bran etc.

Subtropical plant by product: bagasse, the sisal dregs of linseeds or sesame seeds, banana stalk leaf etc.

Potato class tendril: Ipomoea batatas is climing, potato stem stalk etc.

Forage grass residuum: alfalfa, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), shrubbery false indigo, amaranth seed powder, hybrid giant napier etc.

The cake fertilizer class comprises soybean cake, peanut cake, sesame-send cake, rapeseed cake, cotton seed cake, Semen Ricini cake, seeds of a tung oil tree cake, Residuum Camelliae Semen preparatum, Sunflower Receptacle cake etc.

The manure of livestock and poultry class comprises all kinds of fowl and animal excrements and pad grass thereof.Manure of livestock and poultry and pad grass thereof are main to collect farmers''s manure of livestock and poultry.

Forbid directly using fecaluria without an intensification fowl poultry discharging of harmless treatment.The hormones and the antibiotics that must partly contain through its fodder additives of degrading are got rid of metallic element, excess chlorination thing and virus, bacterium etc.Reach GB7959-1987 decontamination of human excreta hygienic standard, GB/T6274-1997 fertilizer and soil conditioner terminology standard.

Forbid directly using contaminated industrial organic waste, as containing heavy metal, germ etc. in bone meal, bone acid waste residue, amino acid waste residue, domestic birds and animals processing waste material, the waste material from sugar refinery.After harmless treatment, use.

Ban use of domestic waste and mud in addition, its heavy metal, chemical toxicant are difficult to control, and degraded is difficult to remove; Ban use of hospital's ight soil and rubbish, wherein often contain pathogenic micro-organism, poison gas, heavy metal etc.

But mud, ight soil, rubbish etc. are done after the harmless treatment available.

Because of with chemical fertilizer preparation compound fertilizer the time, carrying out the calculating of nutrient, below list the organic materials nutrient content data of working out, reference when supplying the combination nutrient to calculate:

Several kinds of stalk nutrient contents

Wherein: corn, wheat, rice straw are China's three big crop materials in the stalk, account for all stalk total amounts about 76%.Three big stalk major-minor product ratios are respectively 1:1.3,1:1.2,1:1.0, and soybean is 1:1.6, and the potato class is 1:2.5, and other coarse cereals are 1:1.6.About 500,000,000 tons of China's stalk YO, 4.4 hundred million tons of three big stalks.(" Chinese agriculture statistical yearbook " 1989, two 1996 reports in Guo front yard)

Main green manure crop nutrient content

Draw from " Chinese fertilizer " 1994

Several kinds of cake fertilizer nutrient contents

Barnyard manure (fresh weight %)

The loss of manure treatment process

The tame animal manure organic composition (%) of becoming thoroughly decomposed

The nutrient of China's some areas peat

Annotate: peat is one type of incomplete decomposing and charing dead plants body accumulation horizon. because of oxygen loss is different, be divided into high de-agglomeration peat and two types in low decomposition peat. and peat is moisture 40%～50%, organic matter 40%～50%, ash content 1%～2%.

China's peat mainly is distributed in the Three River Plain of the Northeast, the meadow, Songpan of Chuanxibei Plateau and some areas of Tibet plateau.

2) organic materials proportion of composing: the present invention drafts organism has stalk class, peat class, refuse class etc., and proportion is 20%-50%.

(2) organic materials pre-treatment and fermentation maturity

1) pulverization process: the stalk in the organic materials, all necessary process pulverization process of the material that the cake fertilizer equal-volume is bigger, reduced volume increases contact surface, to quicken the fermentation maturity process.Need to handle with stalk crasher.

2) add biologically active agent: the present invention intends and adds microbial preparation EM Japan's stoste (Japan introduces former bacterial classification, and doctor produces in China by studying in Japan) and microbial straw quick rotting agent (registration number 2003-0095, the patent No. 9711992.6).Its ratio is: EM stoste consumption occupies 0.1%～0.2% of machine material total amount; Microbial straw quick rotting agent consumption occupies 0.1% of machine material total amount.

3) the preceding in advance of microbiobacterial agent enlarges:

Preceding in advance expansion of EM flora adds stoste EM (0.4%) by routine, and sugaring (0.1%) adds biphosphate potassium (0.2%), dilution, fermentation, and a large amount of breeding of bacterium becomes the expansion microbial inoculum.

Agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed in advance before enlarge and divided for three steps: the first step, adds 5 times to the rice bran of microbial inoculum and cake fertilizer (rice bran, cake fertilizer 1:1) in microbial inoculum, ferment through short-term and to process mikrobe expansion bacterium; Second step added 3 times of chicken manures to fermentation expansion bacterium amount, bone meal, superphosphate of lime (1:1:1) etc., and composting becomes microbiological active organic fertilizer; The 3rd step, mix (N:P:K is than being 5:2:3) again with 2 times of nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic fertilizers to active organic fertilizer, become the expansion microbial inoculum via a large amount of breedings of bacterium.The mikrobe quick rotting agent probiotics dosage that adds is 0.1%.

4) fermentation maturity is handled

Also to add 0.5% urea after enlarging microbial inoculum and organic materials mixes in advance; Or regulate the C/N ratio with people's animal manure of urea a great deal of, its ratio is 25-45:1, is that microbial reproduction is created an excellent environment; Strengthen microbial numbers with active, accelerate the fermentation maturity process.

The successful standard of fermenting is: aromatising flavour or distiller's yeast flavor is arranged; Color is bright brown, dark brown or brown Huang, looks the organic materials of adding and decides.

The configuration of inorganic material and configuration requirement

(1) inorganic fertilizer: the configuration of chemical fertilizer three elements is, nitrogen is ammonium sulfate and phosphorus ammonium class, and the potassium element is vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, and phosphorus is plain, outside the dephosphorization ammonium, for superphosphate of lime etc.The ratio of inorganic fertilizer three elements N:P:K, this patent are worked out and are 5:2:3.By traditional method, nitrogen is not nitrogenous source with urea, and because of the urea decomposition temperature is low, solubleness is high, when meeting with phosphorus ammonium class chemical fertilizer, separates out free-water and can't normally mix.If the employing transformation technology, urea can be used as nitrogenous source.The total amount of inorganic fertilizer three elements is about 40%.

The emphasis of inorganic fertilizer is the content that strengthens nitrogen, potassium, and the investigation to fruit tree, vegetables, tea place, medicine garden etc. in recent years shows that soil phosphorus content is all higher, so phosphate fertilizer is limited the quantity of targetedly.

By the innoxious requirement of country, the chemical fertilizer of adding must be controlled heavy metal amount in chlorine amount of element, nitrate salt amount and the phosphate fertilizer, all must not exceed standard.Heavy metal in the phosphate fertilizer is necessary to detect.

Inorganic fertilizer must be done pre-treatment, mainly is to pulverize to make granularity (GB) up to standard.

(2) trace element in: the present invention intends with 9 kinds of Ca (lime carbonate or calcium sulfate), Mg (sal epsom), S (ammonium sulfate), Zn (zinc sulfate), Mn (manganous sulfate), B (boric acid), Mo (ammonium molybdate), Cu (copper sulfate), Fe (sulfurous acid iron) etc.Its ratio is Ca 0.5-1.0%:Mg 0.2%:S 0.6%:Zn 1.8%:Mn 0.05%:B 0.4%:Mo 0.01%:Cu 0.06%:Fe 0.2-0.3%.Wherein lime carbonate is used for the acid soil prescription, and calcium sulfate is used for the alkaline soil prescription.

Middle trace element will meet the requirement of country's " non-polluted farm product fertilizer safety requirements " about " little fertile safety technique index " table 2, " secondary nutrients safety technique index " table 3.

(3) selenium element: draft with selenite or seleno oxide and make selenium source, preferably with Se^2-(water-soluble divalence selenium) is made selenium source.Its selenium content requires to meet GB13105-1991 " in the food selenium limit the quantity of hygienic standard ".According to existing practice, in poor selenium area, as aforementioned, content of the present invention is pure selenium 0.011%-0.025%, or selenite 0.05mg/kg-0.50mg/kg.

According to the invention selenium, middle trace element are made inner complex, used sequestrant is amino acid, xanthohumic acid, EDTA, EDDHA.4 kinds of sequestrants can use wherein a kind of or two kinds, use two chelatings of two kinds be called.

Mixing after organic materials fermented product and the preparatory pre-treatment of inorganic material

Add the granulating auxiliary agent when (1) mixing: with organism and mixing of inorganics adding the granulating auxiliary agent.Draft with Z 150PH (PVA) treated starch sticker as the granulating auxiliary agent, its consumption accounts for inventory 1.5%-1.8%.

(2) blending ratio: organic thing 45% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, moisture is about 10%, and inorganic fertilizer+middle trace element+selenium compound amounts to 45%.

(3) granulation: by the granulation of GB grade scale.Require material to cross 40 mesh sieves (< 0.37mm) during granulation, sticker viscosity 30mPa ' s, the 1mm granulating rate reaches 98%, effectively granulating rate (2-6mm) reaches 72.0%.

A kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of the present invention has following finished product characteristic: granular, slowly-releasing, nuisanceless.Its technical indicator is: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium+selenium+middle trace element with about 40%, organic about 50%, humic acid is about 30%, crude protein (tropina) is about 16%, pH 5.8～6.7.And meet the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer technology of State Standard of the People's Republic of China's table 1 index about total nutrient, moisture, organic matter, granularity, potential of hydrogen (pH), induced worm egg death rate, colititre, cl ions (Cl^-) requirement such as content; Table 5 is about the requirement of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), plumbous (Pb), mercury (Hg), acotochloral safety technique indexs such as (acid).

,The present invention has following important production performance

(1) can produce Se-rich farm products, increase the selenium health care.Because of containing the selenium element, can make tealeaves, rice, wheat, corn etc. increase selenium, can improve health-care effect after eating to human body.

(2) can full nutrition be provided to crop and soil.Its most important characteristics is that this compound fertilizer does not contain the HUMAN HEALTH objectionable impurities, can produce non-harmful product, and guarantees high yield, the stable yields of crop; Because of nutritive element has slow-releasing, can improve the utilization ratio of nutrient to greatest extent, and alleviate the environmental pollution that causes because of fertilising.

(3) have stronger ecological functions.Mainly show as and can increase considerably the soil organism, improve the soil physics performance, effectively improve soil microbial activities, the water conservation, the guarantor that improve soil are fertile, and water supply, feeder capability help the soil difficultly soluble nutrient and transform to the direction that is easy to the crop absorption.

(4) can keep the natural flavor of agricultural-food.Because of nutrition is configured to organism is main, can effectively improve tealeaves, fruits and vegetables, field crop inherence and external quality, improves its nutritive ingredient, keeps original local flavor.

(5) can improve the resistance of crop.Because of the biological activity of nutritive ingredient, have stronger Physiology and biochemistry effect, can influence the metabolic process of crop, improve the ability of crop disease-resistant, anti-poor environment.Selenium can also exceed standard to the harm of people, animal by the antagonism heavy metal in soil.

(6) can greatly improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, through measuring, the volatilization of this compound fertilizer ammonia in soil, the loss of nitrogen, potassium is less than 1/2 of inorganic fertilizer; Supply the nitrogen amount to Duo about 50% to vegetables than inorganic fertilizer.This is the most significant speciality of the high nutrient substance of the fertile tool of this selenium.

The method of use of a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer of the present invention and preparation method thereof

(1) this selenium fertilizer is through soil application, the sustainable 5-6 of selenium that applied once selenium is fertile, and tea tree can keep rich selenium level in 3 years.

(2) this selenium fertilizer mainly is fit to use as base fertilizer.To the tea tree particularly suitable, can make tea rich in selenium.To spring tea spraying fertilizer no longer; Summer, autumn tea can impose once strong bud fertilizer in addition.

(3) this selenium fertilizer is because of the high nutrition of tool, full nutrition, and the characteristics that consumption is little, fertilizer efficiency is high to breeding time relatively shorter spring, summer, autumn crop, are used as just ability one-time-reach-place of base fertilizer like crops such as paddy rice, corn, fruit tree, vegetables in the field crop; To breeding time the crop more than 200 days, make base fertilizer like winter wheat, rape after, mend to execute once in addition at heading stage or at bud stage respectively and topdress, but the saving of labor, save time, raise labour productivity.

(4) no matter this selenium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer on which kind of crop, the most important thing is necessary deep placement, and deep placement is the key of protecting fertile and slowly-releasing.Ditch spread, circulating application or spread manuer in holes all can.

Explain: the available other quick-acting fertilizer that topdresses (non-selenium is fertile).

Claims (11)

1. one kind high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer is characterized in that: comprise the following component of forming according to weight proportion:

Organic materials 45-55%

Inorganic material 55-35%

Middle trace element 1%-6%;

Selenium element pure selenium 0.011-0.025% (1 gram pure selenium is equivalent to 3.4 gram selenites, is equivalent to the oxide compound of 1 gram selenium approximately), or use selenite 0.05mg/kg-0.50mg/kg;

The technical indicator of said finished product is: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium+selenium+middle trace element are about 40%, and is organic about 55%, and soil ulmin is about 30%, and crude protein (tropina) is about 16%, pH5.8～6.7.

2. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described organic materials has crop material, cake fertilizer, fowl and animal excrement, is 20%-50% by weight ratio.

3. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the crop material in the described organic materials is formed by the one or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly in the following at least material:

Gramineae class: Wheat Straw, Caulis Hordei Vulgaris, oat straw, straw from rye, straw straw, sorghum stalks, corn stalk;

Pulse family class: soya bean straw, broad bean straw, pea straw, cowpea straw, plumage French beans straw, peanut tendril;

Fruit tree, vegetables residuum: oranges and tangerines slag, pineapple waste, vegetables residuum;

Crop by product: comprise wheat class bran, rice husk and rice bran;

Subtropical plant by product: bagasse, the sisal dregs of linseeds or sesame seeds, banana stalk leaf;

Potato class tendril: Ipomoea batatas is climing, potato stem stalk;

Forage grass residuum: alfalfa, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), shrubbery false indigo, amaranth seed powder, hybrid giant napier.

4. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the cake fertilizer in the described organic materials is formed by the one or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly in the following at least material: soybean cake, peanut cake; Sesame-send cake, rapeseed cake, cotton seed cake; Semen Ricini cake; Seeds of a tung oil tree cake, Residuum Camelliae Semen preparatum, Sunflower Receptacle cake.

5. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: the fowl and animal excrement in the described organic materials is formed by the one or any several kinds of any proportioning assembly in the following at least material: all kinds of fowl and animal excrements and pad grass thereof; Manure of livestock and poultry and pad grass thereof are main to collect farmers''s manure of livestock and poultry.

6. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: described inorganic material comprises following component at least: urea (through transforming), ammonium sulfate, phosphorus ammonium class, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, superphosphate of lime etc., N, P, the about 5:2:3 of K nutrition three essential fertilizer ratio.

7. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: trace element comprises following component at least in described: 9 kinds of lime carbonate or calcium sulfate, sal epsom, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, copper sulfate, sulfurous acid iron etc., its adding proportion is: Ca 0.5%-1.0%:Mg 0.2%:S 0.6%:Zn 1.8%:Mn 0.05%:B 0.4%:Mo 0.01%:Cu 0.06%:Fe 0.2%-0.3%.

8. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the present invention is with the oxide compound of selenite, selenium, Se^2-(water-soluble divalence selenium) is made selenium source, and its add-on is pure selenium 0.011-0.025%, perhaps selenite 0.05mg/kg-0.50mg/kg.

9. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer is characterized in that:

Organic materials, the inorganic material that (1) will pass through pulverizing, fermentation maturity are weighed respectively, add about 10% water according to organic materials and inorganic material total amount, mix;

(2) in mixture, add the granulating auxiliary agent, described granulating auxiliary agent is Z 150PH (PVA) treated starch sticker, and its add-on is according to the 1.5%-1.8 of organic materials and inorganic material total amount;

(3) granulation: by the granulation of GB grade scale, require material to cross 40 mesh sieves during granulation, sticker viscosity 30mPa ' s, the 1mm granulating rate reaches 98%, effectively granulating rate (2-6mm) reaches 72.0%.

10. according to right 2 is described selenium, middle trace element are processed inner complex, employed sequestrant is: optional with a kind of or two kinds, with two kinds pair chelatings that are called in the amino acid, xanthohumic acid, EDTA, EDDHA, 4 kinds.

11. a kind of high nutrient substance composite selenic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described organic materials is:

(1) pulverize:

With the crop material in the organic materials, material that cake fertilizer class equal-volume is bigger, through being crushed to 40 orders;

(2) add two mikrobes and enlarge microbial inoculum

In through the organic materials after pulverizing, adding the preparatory biologically active agent of handling that enlarges ferments;

Described biologically active agent comprises microbial preparation EM Japan stoste, and (bacterial classification draws from Japan; Stoste is produced in China by the doctor that studies in Japan) and microbial straw quick rotting agent (registration number 2003-0095; The patent No. 9711992.6); The 0.1%-0.2% that EM presses organic materials weight adds, and agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed is pressed 0.1% of organic materials weight and added;

(3) expansion of microbiobacterial agent:

The expansion of EM flora adds 0.4% stoste, 0.1% sugar, 0.2% potassium primary phosphate respectively, dilution, fermentation, and a large amount of breedings of bacterium become the expansion microbial inoculum;

The expansion of agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed divided for three steps: the first step, add 5 times to the rice bran of microbial inoculum and cake fertilizer (rice bran, cake fertilizer 1:1) in microbial inoculum, process mikrobe through the short-term fermentation and enlarge bacterium; Second step added 3 times of chicken manures to fermentation expansion bacterium amount, bone meal, superphosphate of lime (1:1:1) etc., and composting becomes microbiological active organic fertilizer; The 3rd step, mix (N:P:K is than being 5:2:3) again with 2 times of nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic fertilizers to active organic fertilizer, become the expansion microbial inoculum via a large amount of breedings of bacterium; The mikrobe quick rotting agent probiotics dosage that adds is 0.1%;

(4) adjustment C/N ratio

After enlarging microbial inoculum and organic materials mixes in advance, add 0.5% urea again, or with people's animal manure of urea a great deal of, adjusting C/N ratio, its ratio is 25-45:1;

(5) fermentation

The successful standard of fermenting is: aromatising flavour or distiller's yeast flavor is arranged; Bright brown or the dark brown or brown Huang of color is looked and is added organic materials and decide.