CN102289566B

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Info

Publication number: CN102289566B
Application number: CN201110191474.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 江全元; 石庆均; 耿光超
Original assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Current assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date: 2011-07-08
Filing date: 2011-07-08
Publication date: 2014-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 2031-07-08
Also published as: CN102289566A

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiple-time-scale optimized energy dispatching method for a micro power grid under an independent operation mode. The multiple-time-scale optimized energy dispatching method comprises the steps of: dividing economic operation of the micro power grid into a day-ahead planning stage and a real-time dispatching stage; in the day-ahead planning stage, dividing one dispatching period into 24 time intervals, and establishing a day-ahead machine-set start/stop optimized planning model based on day-ahead prediction data; and in the real-time dispatching stage, monitoring energy states of an energy storage unit in real time based on real-time ultrashort-term prediction data by following a day-ahead planed machine-set start/stop result, and determining active power dispatching instructions, unloading power instructions and load shedding instructions of various controllable micro power sources by adopting different energy optimizations according to net load magnitudes and different energy state intervals in which the energy storage unit is in. The multiple-time-scale optimized energy dispatching method disclosed by the invention is suitable for the optimized energy dispatching of the micro power grid under the independent operation mode, can be used for increasing the economy and the reliability of the operation of the micro power grid and ensuring the energy states of energy storage equipment to be in a safe working range, and is beneficial to prolonging of the service life of the energy storage unit.

Description

Translated fromChinese

独立运行模式下的微电网多时间尺度能量优化调度方法Multi-time scale energy optimal scheduling method for microgrid under independent operation mode

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及微电网规划、运行、调度领域，尤其涉及一种独立运行模式下的微电网多时间尺度能量优化调度方法。The invention relates to the fields of planning, operation and scheduling of micro-grids, in particular to a multi-time-scale energy optimal scheduling method for micro-grids in an independent operation mode.

背景技术Background technique

在能源需求和环境保护的双重压力下，以光伏和风力发电为代表的分布式发电(DG)技术获得了越来越多的重视与应用，上述DG系统通常接入配电网实现并网运行，接入位置和运行策略大多由用户自由确定，且各DG之间处于分散无联络的自由状态。随着可再生能源发电系统的增加，DG系统日前增多，这种运行模式不公对原有电网的安全性构成威胁，而且也不得于整体能源综合利用效率的提高。Under the dual pressure of energy demand and environmental protection, distributed generation (DG) technology represented by photovoltaic and wind power generation has gained more and more attention and application. The above-mentioned DG systems are usually connected to the distribution network for grid-connected operation. , the access location and operation strategy are mostly freely determined by the user, and each DG is in a free state of dispersal and no communication. With the increase of renewable energy power generation systems, the number of DG systems has increased recently. This unfair operation mode poses a threat to the security of the original power grid, and it is also not conducive to the improvement of the overall energy comprehensive utilization efficiency.

微电网概念的提出为DG运行提供了一个新的模式，微电网是指由分布式电源、储能装置、能量变换装置、相关负荷和监控系统、保护装置汇集而成的小型发配电系统，既可以与外部电网并网运行，也可以独立运行。通常情况下，微电网以联网模式运行，以增强微电网运行的灵活性和可靠性。然而在某些情况下微电网却不得不独立自治运行，比如，大电网故障时微电网与大电网断开而独立运行，偏远孤岛、牧场、边防等电网建设难度大、设备投资成本高的地区由于无大电网存在微电网只能独立自治运行。The concept of microgrid provides a new mode for DG operation. Microgrid refers to a small power generation and distribution system composed of distributed power sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion devices, related loads, monitoring systems, and protection devices. It can be operated in parallel with the external grid or independently. Typically, microgrids operate in a grid-connected mode to enhance the flexibility and reliability of microgrid operations. However, in some cases, the microgrid has to operate independently and autonomously. For example, when the large power grid fails, the microgrid is disconnected from the large power grid and operates independently, and remote islands, pastures, border defenses and other areas where power grid construction is difficult and equipment investment costs are high. Since there is no large grid, the microgrid can only operate independently.

微电网中可再生能源发电占据一定的比例，如光伏电池、风力发电机等，它们对环境和气候的变化比较敏感，其发电所依赖的光照资源和风资源具有随机波动特性，使得它们的出力是不稳定的，尤其当天气发生剧变时，它们的出力随之发生更大的改变。独立运行时，由于没有大电网的支撑，为平衡可再生能源发电的随机波动，改善电能质量，维持系统稳定，一般会配备一定容量的储能设备。铅酸蓄电池因其较为低廉的价格、能满足应用于微电网时的功率密度需求和响应速度需求，被认为是最合适的储能设备。Renewable energy power generation occupies a certain proportion in the microgrid, such as photovoltaic cells and wind generators, which are sensitive to changes in the environment and climate. The light resources and wind resources they rely on for power generation have random fluctuation characteristics, making their output Unstable, especially when the weather changes drastically, their output will change even more. When operating independently, without the support of a large power grid, in order to balance the random fluctuations of renewable energy power generation, improve power quality, and maintain system stability, energy storage equipment with a certain capacity is generally equipped. Lead-acid batteries are considered to be the most suitable energy storage devices because of their relatively low price and their ability to meet the power density requirements and response speed requirements when applied to microgrids.

目前，有关微电网经济运行方面的研究主要集中于并网运行模式下的研究，而在独立运行模式下的微电网经济运行研究却很少，目前尚无公认成熟的解决方案；现有少量的研究只是集中于微网实时经济运行优化调度，忽视了大时间尺度规划(如日前)对系统运行经济性的影响；同时，现有的少量研究也都是对独立运行微电网进行统一化建模，而没有考虑独立运行微电网在通过其内部压频控制单元吸收间歇式能源发电的出力波动性与负荷的波动功率时会引起储能单元能量状态的频繁改变，甚至超出其安全能量状态范围，以至缩减储能单元使用寿命，增加微电网运行维护成本；另外，现有的少量研究也没考虑间歇式能源发电过剩与负荷过重等极端情况，而在现实微电网中又不得不考虑微电网的各种运行情况，以保证微电网安全、可靠及经济运行。At present, the research on the economic operation of microgrids mainly focuses on the research in the grid-connected operation mode, but there are few researches on the economic operation of microgrids in the independent operation mode, and there is no recognized and mature solution at present; there are a few The research only focuses on the optimal scheduling of real-time economic operation of the microgrid, ignoring the impact of large time-scale planning (such as the day before) on the economical operation of the system; at the same time, a small number of existing studies are also unified modeling of independently operating microgrids , without considering that the independent operation of the microgrid will cause frequent changes in the energy state of the energy storage unit when absorbing the output fluctuation of intermittent energy generation and the fluctuating power of the load through its internal voltage-frequency control unit, even exceeding its safe energy state range, As a result, the service life of the energy storage unit is shortened, and the operation and maintenance cost of the microgrid is increased; in addition, a small amount of existing research has not considered extreme situations such as excess power generation and overload of intermittent energy sources, and the microgrid has to be considered in the actual microgrid Various operating conditions to ensure the safe, reliable and economical operation of the microgrid.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供了一种独立运行模式下的微电网多时间尺度能量优化调度方法。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-time-scale energy optimal dispatching method for a microgrid in an independent operation mode.

本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的，它包括如下步骤：：The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, which may further comprise the steps:

1)统计微电网运行历史数据，建立微电网内所有可控型微电源的成本-出力曲线的非线性函数，并将其分段线性化；1) Statize the historical data of microgrid operation, establish the non-linear function of the cost-output curve of all controllable micropower sources in the microgrid, and linearize it piecewise;

2)采集微电网负荷信息数据、气象信息数据，综合微电网运行的历史数据，对负荷/风能/太阳能进行未来一天的预测，得到未来一天内微电网的负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据；2) Collect microgrid load information data and meteorological information data, integrate historical data of microgrid operation, predict load/wind energy/solar energy for the next day, and obtain load/wind energy/solar energy forecast data of microgrid in the next day;

3)将微电网未来一天内的经济运行分为24个时段，以微电网全天运行成本最小为目标函数，其中所有可控型微电源使用分段线性化模型，考虑微电网内部的各时段能量平衡、各设备元件的出力限制/爬坡率限制/开停机成本，基于步骤2)中的日前负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据，将此微电网日前计划问题构成一个混合整数线性规划问题的数学模型进行求解，得到各时段可控型微电源的机组日前启停优化计划方案；3) Divide the economic operation of the microgrid into 24 time periods in the future, and take the minimum operating cost of the microgrid throughout the day as the objective function, in which all controllable micropower sources use a segmented linear model, considering each time period within the microgrid Energy balance, output limit/gradient rate limit/start-stop cost of each equipment component, based on the day-ahead load/wind energy/solar energy forecast data in step 2), the microgrid day-ahead planning problem is constituted as a mixed integer linear programming problem The model is solved to obtain the optimization plan for the daily start-up and shutdown of the controllable micro-power supply unit at each time period;

4)在微电网实时运行过程中，以每15分钟为一调度周期，即将每小时划分为4个调度时段，全天划分为nT＝24*4＝96个调度时段，在每次调度时刻监测储能单元的能量状态SOS，采集微电网负荷信息数据、气象信息数据以，对负荷/风能/太阳能进行超短期预测，得到本调度时段内微电网的负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据；4) During the real-time operation of the microgrid, every 15 minutes is used as a scheduling period, that is, every hour is divided into 4 scheduling periods, and the whole day is divided into nT=24*4=96 scheduling periods, and the monitoring is performed at each scheduling time The energy state SOS of the energy storage unit collects microgrid load information data and meteorological information data to perform ultra-short-term prediction of load/wind energy/solar energy, and obtains the load/wind energy/solar energy forecast data of the microgrid within the dispatching period;

5)根据步骤3)的机组日前启停优化计划方案得到当前时段处于开机状态的可控型微电源集合，确定处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的基点运行功率的上下限根据步骤4)得到的本调度时段内微电网的负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据确定净负荷功率大小；5) According to step 3) the day-ahead start-stop optimization plan of the unit obtains the set of controllable micro-power sources that are in the power-on state in the current period, and determines the upper and lower limits of the base point operating power of each controllable micro-power source in the power-on state According to the load/wind energy/solar energy prediction data of the micro-grid in this scheduling period that step 4) obtains, determine the size of the net load power;

6)根据步骤4)监测到的该调度时段储能单元的能量状态所处不同状态区间，以及步骤5)确定的不同净负荷功率大小，为独立运行模式下的微电网制定不同的能量优化策略，并建立相应的能量优化模型，通过模型求解得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案；6) According to the different state intervals of the energy state of the energy storage unit during the scheduling period monitored in step 4), and the different net load power determined in step 5), different energy optimization strategies are formulated for the microgrid in the independent operation mode , and establish a corresponding energy optimization model, and obtain the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period by solving the model;

7)由步骤6)得到的微电网经济运行调度方案形成微电网调度指令，发布给微电网中的可控型微电源、可再生能源发电微电源、卸荷装置以及负荷的控制器，使得微电网在下一时段按照指定方式安全经济运行；7) The micro-grid economic operation scheduling plan obtained in step 6) forms a micro-grid scheduling instruction, which is issued to the controllable micro-power source, renewable energy power generation micro-power source, unloading device and load controller in the micro-grid, so that the micro-grid The power grid will operate safely and economically in the specified manner in the next period;

8)在下一调度时刻，判断是否达到第nT个时段，如果不是，则重复步骤4)，如果是，则重复步骤2)。8) At the next scheduling moment, judge whether to reach the nT time period, if not, repeat step 4), if yes, repeat step 2).

与背景技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果是：Compared with background technology, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:

(1)传统的独立运行微电网能量优化调度没有进行长时间的计划，本发明方法将微电网的经济运行分为日前计划和实时调度两个阶段，长时间尺度的日前计划能确保微电网运行的整体经济性，短时间尺度的实时调度考虑了微电网运行的实时运行情况，能兼顾微电网运行的安全性与经济性。(1) The energy optimal scheduling of the traditional independently operated microgrid does not carry out long-term planning. The method of the present invention divides the economic operation of the microgrid into two stages: day-ahead planning and real-time scheduling. The long-term day-ahead planning can ensure the operation of the microgrid The overall economy of the short-time scale real-time scheduling takes into account the real-time operation of the micro-grid operation, and can take into account the safety and economy of the micro-grid operation.

(2)传统的独立运行微电网能量优化调度都是对微电网建立统一化的经济模型，其只考虑了微电网运行的多数情况，而没考虑微电网运行的少数极端情况，本发明方法将储能单元的能量状态划分为多个区间，根据微电网实时运行时所处的不同储能状态与净负荷状态采取不同的能量优化策略，考虑了微电网运行的所有可能情况，提高了微电网运行的安全性与储能单元的使用寿命。(2) The energy optimal scheduling of the traditional independently operated micro-grid is to establish a unified economic model for the micro-grid, which only considers most of the micro-grid operations, and does not consider a few extreme cases of the micro-grid operation. The method of the present invention will The energy state of the energy storage unit is divided into multiple intervals, and different energy optimization strategies are adopted according to the different energy storage states and net load states in the real-time operation of the micro-grid, taking into account all possible situations of the micro-grid operation, and improving the efficiency of the micro-grid. Operational safety and service life of the energy storage unit.

(3)在涉及的能量优化模型中引入了需求侧负荷响应与过剩能量的切除控制，确保微电网运行的安全稳定性。本发明方法将储能单元的能量状态划分为多个区间，通常情况下不对储能单元进行充放电功率调度，即指定其功率运行基点为0，而只是用作为压频控制单元吸纳微电网内的不平衡功率，减少了微电网对储能单元容量的需求，提高了微电网的投资成本与维护成本，搞高了经济性。(3) In the energy optimization model involved, the demand side load response and excess energy removal control are introduced to ensure the safety and stability of the microgrid operation. The method of the present invention divides the energy state of the energy storage unit into multiple intervals. Normally, the energy storage unit is not scheduled for charge and discharge power, that is, its power operation base point is designated as 0, but it is only used as a voltage-frequency control unit to absorb the energy in the microgrid. The unbalanced power of the microgrid reduces the demand for the energy storage unit capacity of the microgrid, increases the investment cost and maintenance cost of the microgrid, and improves the economy.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是独立运行模式下的微电网多时间尺度能量优化调度方法流程图。Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multi-time scale energy optimal dispatching method for a microgrid in an independent operation mode.

图2是独立运行模式下的微电网实时能量优化调度流程图a。Fig. 2 is a flow chart a of real-time energy optimal dispatching of the microgrid in the independent operation mode.

图3是独立运行模式下的微电网实时能量优化调度流程图b。Fig. 3 is a flow chart b of the real-time energy optimal dispatching of the microgrid in the independent operation mode.

图4是独立运行模式下的微电网实时能量优化调度流程图c。Fig. 4 is a flowchart c of the real-time energy optimal dispatching of the microgrid in the independent operation mode.

图5是实施例微电网结构图。Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of the microgrid of the embodiment.

图6是可控型微电源成本-出力曲线分段线性化示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of segmental linearization of controllable micro power source cost-output curve.

图7是日前计划得到的可控型微电源日前启停优化计划安排。Fig. 7 is the optimization plan arrangement of the controllable micro power supply which is planned to be started and stopped a few days ago.

图8是采用本发明得到的微电网运行结果。Fig. 8 is the operation result of the microgrid obtained by adopting the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

如图1所示，本发明一种独立运行模式下的微电网多时间尺度能量优化调度方法，包括如下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, a multi-time-scale energy optimization scheduling method for a microgrid in an independent operation mode according to the present invention includes the following steps:

3)将微电网未来一天内的经济运行分为24个时段，以微电网全天运行成本最小为目标函数，其中所有可控型微电源使用分段线性化模型，考虑微电网内部的各时段能量平衡、各设备元件的出力限制/爬坡率限制/开停机成本，基于步骤2)中的日前负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据，将此微电网日前计划问题构成一个混合整数线性规划问题的数学模型进行求解，得到各时段可控型微电源的机组日前启停优化计划方案，3) Divide the economic operation of the microgrid into 24 time periods in the future, and take the minimum operating cost of the microgrid throughout the day as the objective function, in which all controllable micropower sources use a segmented linear model, considering each time period within the microgrid Energy balance, output limit/gradient rate limit/start-stop cost of each equipment component, based on the day-ahead load/wind energy/solar energy forecast data in step 2), the microgrid day-ahead planning problem is constituted as a mixed integer linear programming problem The model is solved to obtain the optimization plan for the daily start-up and shutdown of the controllable micro-power supply unit at each time period.

上述混合整数线性规划问题模型的数学模型为：The mathematical model of the above mixed integer linear programming problem model is:

min f(x，u)min f(x,u)

$s the s . . t t \{\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} h h ((x x,, u u)) = = 00 \\ \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{g g} \leq \leq g g ((x x,, u u)) \leq \leq \overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{g g} \end{matrix} & x x &Element; &Element; R R,, u u &Element; &Element; {{0,1 0,1}} \end{matrix}$

其中：in:

优化变量x，u定义为：The optimization variables x, u are defined as:

$x x = = \{\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t},, {D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k} \\ Δ Δ {P P}_{no no + +}^{t t},, {ΔP ΔP}_{no no - -}^{t t} \end{matrix} & i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T} \end{matrix}$

$u u = = {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t},, {u u}_{Gi Gi * *}^{t t},, {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

目标函数f(x，u)定义为：The objective function f(x,u) is defined as:

$f f ((x x,, u u)) = = \underset{t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}}{Σ Σ} ((\underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}}{Σ Σ} (({u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} {A A}_{Gi Gi}^{11} + + {Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} (({F f}_{Gi Gi}^{k k} {D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k})) + + {K K}_{OMi OMi} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} + + {S S}_{Gi Gi}^{on on} {u u}_{Gi Gi * *}^{t t})) + + σ σ (({ΔP ΔP}_{no no + +}^{t t} + + {ΔP ΔP}_{no no - -}^{t t}))))$

等式约束h(x，u)包括：Equality constraints h(x, u) include:

(1).功率平衡约束：(1). Power balance constraints:

$\underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} + + \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{I I}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Ii II}^{t t} + + {ΔP ΔP}_{no no + +}^{t t} - - {ΔP ΔP}_{no no - -}^{t t} = = \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{L L}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Li Li}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

(2).可控型微电源出力定义：(2). Definition of output of controllable micro power supply:

${P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} = = {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} {B B}_{Gi Gi}^{11} + + {Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} {D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

(3).可控型微电源分段运行归属标记位互斥条件：(3). Mutually exclusive conditions for controllable micro-power segment operation attributable flag bits:

${Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k} = = {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

(4).可控型微电源最小开停机时间约束中的等式约束(4). Equality constraints in the minimum on-off time constraints of the controllable micropower supply

${Σ Σ}_{t t = = 11}^{{G G}_{i i}^{on on}} ((11 - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t})) = = 00$ ${G G}_{i i}^{on on} = = min min {{{N N}_{T T},, ((\underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{on on}} - - {T T}_{Gi Gi}^{on on})) {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{00}}}$

${Σ Σ}_{t t = = 11}^{{G G}_{i i}^{off off}} {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} = = 00$ ${G G}_{i i}^{off off} = = min min {{{N N}_{T T},, ((\underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{off off}} - - {T T}_{Gi Gi}^{off off})) ((11 - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{00}))}}$

不等式约束g(x，u)包括：Inequality constraints g(x, u) include:

(1).可控型微电源分段出力值定义(1). Definition of segmental output value of controllable micro power supply

${Σ Σ}_{j j = = k k + + 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, j j} \leq \leq \frac{{D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k}}{{B B}_{Gi Gi}^{k k + + 11} - - {B B}_{Gi Gi}^{k k}} \leq \leq {Σ Σ}_{j j = = k k}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, j j},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T},, k k = = 11 . . . . . . {L L}_{Gi Gi}$

(2).可控型微电源开始开机标记位定义(2).Controllable micro power supply start flag bit definition

${u u}_{Gi Gi * *}^{t t} &GreaterEqual; &Greater Equal; {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t - - 11},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

(3).可控型微电源爬坡率约束(3). Controllable micro-power ramp rate constraints

$\{\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} - - {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t - - 11} \leq \leq ΔT ΔT \overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{ΔP ΔP}_{Gi Gi}} \\ {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t - - 11} - - {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} \leq \leq ΔT ΔT \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{Δ Δ {P P}_{Gi Gi}} \end{matrix} & i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T} \end{matrix}$

(4).可控型微电源最小开停机时间约束(4). The minimum on-off time constraints of the controllable micro power supply

$\{\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {Σ Σ}_{t t = = k k}^{k k + + \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{on on}} - - 11} {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} &GreaterEqual; &Greater Equal; \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{on on}} (({u u}_{Gi Gi}^{k k} - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{k k - - 11})) & k k &Element; &Element; [[{G G}_{i i}^{on on} + + 11,, {N N}_{T T} - - \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{on on}} + + 11]] \\ {Σ Σ}_{t t = = k k}^{{N N}_{T T}} (({u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} (({u u}_{Gi Gi}^{k k} - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{k k - - 11})))) &GreaterEqual; &Greater Equal; 00 & k k &Element; &Element; [[{N N}_{T T} - - \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{on on}} + + 22,, {N N}_{T T} \end{matrix} & i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G} \end{matrix}$

$\{\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} {Σ Σ}_{t t = = k k}^{k k + + \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{off off}} - - 11} ((11 - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t})) &GreaterEqual; &Greater Equal; \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{off off}} (({u u}_{Gi Gi}^{k k - - 11} - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{k k})) & k k &Element; &Element; [[{G G}_{i i}^{off off} + + 11,, {N N}_{T T} - - \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{off off}} + + 11]] \\ {Σ Σ}_{t t = = k k}^{{N N}_{T T}} ((11 - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} - - (({u u}_{Gi Gi}^{k k - - 11} - - {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{k k})))) &GreaterEqual; &Greater Equal; 00 & k k &Element; &Element; [[{N N}_{T T} - - \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{T T}_{Gi Gi}^{off off}} + + 22,, {N N}_{T T} \end{matrix} & i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G} \end{matrix}$

(5).可控型微电源最大开停机次数约束(5). Constraints on the maximum number of start-up and stop times of the controllable micro power supply

$\underset{t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}}{Σ Σ} {u u}_{Gi Gi * *}^{t t} \leq \leq {N N}_{on on}^{max max},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}$

(6).参与压频控制的微电源或储能单元运行状态约束(6). Constraints on the operating state of micro power sources or energy storage units participating in voltage-frequency control

$\underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{Vf V}}{Σ Σ} {u u}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} &GreaterEqual; &Greater Equal; 11$

其中，各符号定义如下：S_T为时段集合、S_G为可控型微电源集合；S_I为不可控型微电源集合、S_L为内部负荷集合、S_Vf为参与压频控制的微电源或储能单元集合、f(x，u)为目标函数、N_T为总时段数、为可控型微电源成本曲线参数、为可控型微电源分段曲线归属状态、为可控型微电源分段曲线取值状态、L_Gi为可控型微电源成本曲线分段数、为可控型微电源开机成本、K_OMi为可控型微电源运行维护成本、ΔP_Gi为可控型微电源出力变化率界限、为可控型微电源最短连续运行/停运时间、为可控型微电源初始时刻已连续运行/停运时间、为可控型微电源最大开关机次数、为可控型微电源有功出力、为可控型微电源工作状态(0关1开)、为可控型微电源开始开机标记位、为不可控型微电源出力、为负荷功率、为系统总发电功率与总负荷功率之间的差值为系统总负荷功率与总发电功率之间的差值Among them, the symbols are defined as follows: S_T is a set of time periods, S_G is a set of controllable micro-power sources;_SI is a set of uncontrollable micro-power sources, S_L is a set of internal loads, and S_Vf is a set of micro-power sources participating in voltage-frequency control or a collection of energy storage units, f(x, u) is the objective function, N_T is the total time period, is the controllable micro power supply cost curve parameter, is the attribution state of the controllable micro-power segment curve, is the value state of the controllable micro-power segment curve, L_Gi is the segment number of the controllable micro-power cost curve, is the start-up cost of the controllable micro power supply, K_OMi is the operation and maintenance cost of the controllable micro power supply, ΔP_Gi is the controllable micro power output change rate limit, The shortest continuous operation/stop time for the controllable micro power supply, is the continuous operation/stop time of the controllable micro power supply at the initial moment, is the maximum switching times of the controllable micro power supply, Active output for controllable micro power supply, It is the working state of the controllable micro power supply (0 off, 1 on), It is the controllable micro power supply start start flag, Contribute to uncontrollable micro power supply, is the load power, is the difference between the total generating power of the system and the total load power is the difference between the total load power of the system and the total generated power

其中，不等式约束g(x，u)中的(6).参与压频控制的微电源或储能单元运行状态约束，其压频控制是指，微电网在独立运行时，必须要有至少一个微电源或储能单元参与压频控制，以为微电网提供稳定的电压和频率，如果多个微电源或储能单元同时参与压频控制，则它们将通过下垂控制分摊微电网内的功率波动，其中，储能单元始终参与压频控制，部分可控型微电源也可参与压频控制，其余可控型微电源均为定有功无功控制，即PQ控制；Among them, (6) in the inequality constraint g(x, u). The operating state constraint of the micro power supply or energy storage unit participating in the voltage-frequency control, the voltage-frequency control means that when the micro-grid operates independently, there must be at least one Micro-power sources or energy storage units participate in voltage-frequency control to provide stable voltage and frequency for the micro-grid. If multiple micro-power sources or energy storage units participate in voltage-frequency control at the same time, they will share power fluctuations in the micro-grid through droop control. Among them, the energy storage unit always participates in the voltage-frequency control, and some controllable micro-power sources can also participate in the voltage-frequency control, and the rest of the controllable micro-power sources are controlled by constant active and reactive power, that is, PQ control;

4)在微电网实时运行过程中，以每15分钟为一调度周期，即将每小时划分为4个调度时段，全天划分为nT＝24*4＝96个调度时段，在每次调度时刻监测储能单元的能量状态SOS，采集微电网负荷信息数据、气象信息数据以，对负荷/风能/太阳能进行超短期预测，得到本调度时段内微电网的负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据，4) During the real-time operation of the microgrid, every 15 minutes is used as a scheduling period, that is, every hour is divided into 4 scheduling periods, and the whole day is divided into nT=24*4=96 scheduling periods, and the monitoring is performed at each scheduling time The energy state SOS of the energy storage unit collects microgrid load information data and meteorological information data to make ultra-short-term prediction of load/wind energy/solar energy, and obtains the load/wind energy/solar energy forecast data of the microgrid within the dispatching period.

其中，储能单元的能量状态SOS是反映其剩余存储能量占其总容量比例的技术参数，定义为：Among them, the energy state SOS of the energy storage unit is a technical parameter reflecting the proportion of its remaining stored energy to its total capacity, defined as:

$SOS SOS = = \frac{{C C}_{net net}}{C C} = = 11 - - \frac{3.6 3.6 \times \times 1010^{- - 66} \times \times &Integral; &Integral; Pdt Pdt}{C C}$

式中：C_net-储能单元剩余存储能量，kWh；In the formula: C_net - the remaining storage energy of the energy storage unit, kWh;

C-储能单元总容量，kWh；C-total capacity of energy storage unit, kWh;

P-单元的放电功率，W。P-unit discharge power, W.

5)根据第3)步的机组日前启停优化计划方案得到当前时段处于开机状态的可控型微电源集合，确定处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的基点运行功率的上下限根据第4)步得到的本调度时段内微电网的负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据确定净负荷功率大小，5) According to step 3) the day-ahead start-stop optimization plan of the unit, the set of controllable micro-power sources that are in the power-on state in the current period is obtained, and the upper and lower limits of the base point operating power of each controllable micro-power source in the power-on state are determined According to the load/wind energy/solar energy prediction data of the microgrid in the dispatching period obtained in step 4), the net load power is determined,

处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的基点运行功率的上下限的确定是按如下3个步骤进行：The upper and lower limits of the base point operating power of each controllable micro power supply in the power-on state The determination is carried out in the following 3 steps:

A)确定该时段参与压频控制的单元总共需提供的上调或下调功率裕量为：A) Determine the total up or down power margin required to be provided by the units participating in voltage frequency control during this period:

${ΔP ΔP}_{Σ Σ}^{t t} = = {e e}_{I I} \cdot &Center Dot; \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{I I}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Ii II}^{t t} + + {e e}_{L L} \cdot &Center Dot; \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{L L}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Li Li}^{t t}$

-在该调度时段内参与压频控制的单元总共需提供的上调或下调功率裕量； -The total up-regulation or down-regulation power margin required to be provided by the units participating in the voltage frequency control during the scheduling period;

e_I-不可控微电源出力功率预测的最大误差；e_I - the maximum error of uncontrollable micro power output power prediction;

e_L-负荷功率预测的最大误差；e_L - maximum error of load power prediction;

-不可控型微电源出力； - Uncontrollable micro power output;

-负荷功率； - load power;

B)确定处于开机状态的各压频控制单元需要提供的上调或下调功率裕量：B) Determine the up-regulation or down-regulation power margin that each voltage-frequency control unit in the power-on state needs to provide:

${ΔP ΔP}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} = = {ΔP ΔP}_{Σ Σ}^{t t} \cdot \cdot \frac{\overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{P P}_{Gi Gi}}}{\overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{P P}_{s the s}} + + \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{GVf f}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} \overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{P P}_{Gi Gi}}}$

-该调度时刻内第i台处于开机状态的可控型微电源需要提供的上调或下调功率裕量； -The up-regulation or down-regulation power margin that needs to be provided by the controllable micro-power supply that is in the power-on state of the i-th station within the scheduling time;

-第i台处于开机状态的可控型微电源的最大输出功率； - the maximum output power of the i-th controllable micro power supply in the power-on state;

-储能单元的最大输出功率； - the maximum output power of the energy storage unit;

-在时刻处于开机状态的参与压频控制的可控型微电源集合； -A collection of controllable micro-power sources participating in voltage-frequency control that are always on;

C)确定处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的基点运行功率的上下限C) Determine the upper and lower limits of the base point operating power of each controllable micro power supply in the power-on state

对于参与压频控制的可控型微电源：For the controllable micro power supply involved in voltage frequency control:

$\{\begin{matrix} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{min min} = = \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{P P}_{Gi Gi}} + + {ΔP ΔP}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} \\ {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{max max} = = \overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{P P}_{Gi Gi}} - - {ΔP ΔP}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} \end{matrix}$

对于不参与压频控制的可控型微电源：For controllable micro power sources that do not participate in voltage-frequency control:

$\{\begin{matrix} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{min min} = = \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{P P}_{Gi Gi}} \\ {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{max max} = = \overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{P P}_{Gi Gi}} \end{matrix} . . . . . . . .;;$

其中，第5)步中的净负荷功率指总负荷超短期预测功率减去不可控微电源总超短期预测输出功率，即Among them, the net load power in step 5) refers to the ultra-short-term predicted power of the total load minus the total ultra-short-term predicted output power of uncontrollable micro-power sources, namely

${P P}_{net net} = = \underset{t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{L L}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Li Li}^{t t} - - \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{I I}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Ii II}^{t t}$

式中：P_net-净负荷功率；In the formula: P_net - net load power;

-不可控型微电源出力； - Uncontrollable micro power output;

-负荷功率； - load power;

S_I-不可控型微电源集合；S_I - collection of uncontrollable micro-power sources;

S_L-内部负荷集合。_SL - Set of internal loads.

6)根据第4)步监测到的该调度时段储能单元的能量状态所处不同状态区间，以及第5)步确定的不同净负荷功率大小，为独立运行模式下的微电网制定不同的能量优化策略，并建立相应的能量优化模型，通过模型求解得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，6) According to the different state intervals of the energy state of the energy storage unit during the scheduling period monitored in step 4), and the different net load power determined in step 5), different energy levels are formulated for the microgrid in independent operation mode. optimization strategy, and establish the corresponding energy optimization model, and obtain the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period by solving the model,

如图2～图4所示，制定不同的能量优化策略，是按如下步骤进行的：As shown in Figure 2 to Figure 4, formulating different energy optimization strategies is carried out according to the following steps:

a)判断净负荷功率P_net是否满足P_net≥0，如满足，则进行步骤b)～g)，如不满足，则转到步骤h)；a) Judging whether the net load power P_net satisfies P_net ≥ 0, if it is satisfied, proceed to steps b) to g), if not, proceed to step h);

b)如满足P_net≥0，则判断净负荷功率P_net与第5)步确定的处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的基点运行功率的下限之和的关系是否满足如满足P_net≥0，不满足则转到步骤d)，如满足P_net≥0，且满足则进一步判断是否满足SOS＜SOSx，SOS_max1为设定的储能单元的最大允许储能状态，如满足SOS＜SOS_max1，则确定处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的输出功率指令均取为同时卸荷功率指令为无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案；如满足P_net≥0、不满足SOS＜SOS_max1，则进行步骤c)；b) If P_net ≥ 0 is satisfied, then judge the sum of the net load power P_net and the lower limit of the base point operating power of each controllable micro power supply in the power-on state determined in step 5) Is the relationship satisfied If satisfy P_net ≥ 0, do not satisfy Then go to step d), if satisfy P_net ≥ 0, and satisfy Then it is further judged whether SOS<SOSx is satisfied, and SOS_max1 is_the maximum allowable energy storage state of the set energy storage unit. for At the same time, the unloading power command is There is no load shedding command, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained; if P_net ≥ 0, If SOS<SOS_max1 is not satisfied, proceed to step c);

c)当步骤b)中不满足SOS＜SOS_max1时，进一步判断是否满足SOS＞SOS_min，如果满足SOS＞SOS_min，则计算储能单元的允许充电功率P_chmax，并判断是否满足如满足则确定处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的输出功率指令均取为同时卸荷功率指令为0，无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，如不满足则确定处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的输出功率指令均取为同时卸荷功率指令为无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案；如果不满足SOS＞SOS_min，则需要对储能单元充电，确定其充电功率P_ch1，c) When SOS<SOS_max1 is not satisfied in step b), further judge whether SOS>SOS_min is satisfied, and if SOS>SOS_min is satisfied, calculate the allowable charging power P_chmax of the energy storage unit, and judge whether it satisfies if satisfied Then it is determined that the output power commands of each controllable micro power supply in the power-on state are taken as At the same time, the unloading power command is 0, and there is no load shedding command, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained. If it is not satisfied Then it is determined that the output power commands of each controllable micro power supply in the power-on state are taken as At the same time, the unloading power command is There is no load shedding command, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained; if SOS>SOS_min is not satisfied, the energy storage unit needs to be charged, and its charging power P_ch1 is determined.

${P P}_{ch ch 11} = = min min ((\frac{((\frac{{SOS SOS}_{max max 22} + + {SOS SOS}_{min min}}{22} - - SOS SOS)) \cdot &Center Dot; {C C}_{stor store}}{Δt Δt},, {P P}_{ch ch__max max}))$

P_ch1-储能单元充电功率；P_ch1 - charging power of energy storage unit;

SOS-储能单元当前的储能状态；SOS-the current energy storage status of the energy storage unit;

C_stor-储能单元容量，kWh；C_stor - energy storage unit capacity, kWh;

P_{ch_max}-储能单元的最大可充电功率，kW；P_{ch_max} - the maximum chargeable power of the energy storage unit, kW;

此时储能单元相当于负荷，进一步判断是否满足如满足则确定处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的输出功率指令均取为同时卸荷功率指令为0，无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，如不满足则建立优化模型，优化分配处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的输出功率指令，同时卸荷功率指令为0，无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，其中，建立的优化模型为At this time, the energy storage unit is equivalent to the load, and it is further judged whether it satisfies if satisfied Then it is determined that the output power commands of each controllable micro power supply in the power-on state are taken as At the same time, the unloading power command is 0, and there is no load shedding command, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained. If it is not satisfied Then, an optimization model is established to optimally distribute the output power commands of each controllable micro-power supply in the power-on state, and at the same time, the unloading power command is 0, and there is no load shedding command, and the micro-grid economic operation scheduling scheme for this period is obtained. Among them, the established The optimization model is

min f(x)min f(x)

其中：in:

优化变量x，u定义为：The optimization variables x, u are defined as:

$x x = = {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t},, {D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

$u u = = {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

目标函数f(x)定义为：The objective function f(x) is defined as:

$f f ((x x)) = = \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} (({A A}_{Gi Gi}^{11} + + {Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} (({F f}_{Gi Gi}^{k k} {D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k})) + + {K K}_{OMi OMi} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t}))$

等式约束h(x，u)包括：Equality constraints h(x, u) include:

(1).功率平衡约束：(1). Power balance constraints:

$\underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} = = \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{L L}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Li Li}^{t t} + + {P P}_{ch ch 11} - - \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{I I}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Ii II}^{t t},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

${P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} = = {B B}_{Gi Gi}^{11} + + {Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} {D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

${Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k} = = 11,, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

不等式约束g(x，u)包括：Inequality constraints g(x,u) include:

${Σ Σ}_{j j = = k k + + 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, j j} \leq \leq \frac{{D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k}}{{B B}_{Gi Gi}^{k k + + 11} - - {B B}_{Gi Gi}^{k k}} \leq \leq {Σ Σ}_{j j = = k k}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, j j},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T},, k k = = 11 . . . . . . {L L}_{Gi Gi}$

其中，各符号定义如下：为本时段处于开机状态的可控型微电源集合；S_I为不可控型微电源集合、S_L为内部负荷集合、f(x)为目标函数、为可控型微电源成本曲线参数、为可控型微电源分段曲线归属状态、为可控型微电源分段曲线取值状态、L_Gi为可控型微电源成本曲线分段数、K_OMi为可控型微电源运行维护成本、为可控型微电源有功出力、为不可控型微电源出力、为负荷功率；Among them, the symbols are defined as follows: is the set of controllable micro-power sources in the power-on state in this period; S_I is the set of uncontrollable micro-power sources, S_L is the set of internal loads, f(x) is the objective function, is the controllable micro power supply cost curve parameter, is the attribution state of the controllable micro-power segment curve, is the value state of the controllable micro-power segment curve, L_Gi is the segment number of the controllable micro-power cost curve, K_OMi is the operation and maintenance cost of the controllable micro-power, Active output for controllable micro power supply, Contribute to uncontrollable micro power supply, is the load power;

d)当步骤b)中满足P_net≥0，不满足时，进一步判断是否满足SOS＞SOS_max2，如果满足SOS＞SOS_max2，则计算储能单元至少可提供的放电功率P_dh1，d) When P_net ≥ 0 is satisfied in step b), it is not satisfied , further judge whether SOS>SOS_max2 is satisfied, and if SOS>SOS_max2 is satisfied, calculate at least the discharge power P_dh1 that the energy storage unit can provide,

${P P}_{dh d h 11} = = min min ((\frac{((SOS SOS - - \frac{{SOS SOS}_{max max 22} + + {SOS SOS}_{min min}}{22})) \cdot \cdot {C C}_{stor store}}{Δt Δt},, {P P}_{dh d h__max max}))$

P_dh1-储能单元放电功率；P_dh1 - the discharge power of the energy storage unit;

C_stor-储能单元容量，kWh；C_stor - energy storage unit capacity, kWh;

P_{dh_max}-储能单元的最大可放电功率，kW；P_{dh_max} - the maximum dischargeable power of the energy storage unit, kW;

并转到步骤e)；如果不满足SOS＞SOS_max2，则进一步判断是否满足SOS＞SOS_min，如果满足SOS＞SOS_min，则令P_dh1＝0，同时转到步骤e)，如果不满足SOS＞SOS_min，则对储能单元以功率P_ch1充电，并转到步骤g)，其为P_ch1定义为：And turn to step e); if SOS>SOS_max2 is not satisfied, then further judge whether SOS>SOS_min is satisfied, if SOS>SOS_min is satisfied, then set P_dh1 =0, and go to step e) at the same time, if SOS is not satisfied >SOS_min , charge the energy storage unit with power P_ch1 and go to step g), which is defined as P_ch1 :

${P P}_{dh d h 11} = = min min ((\frac{((\frac{{SOS SOS}_{max max 22} + + {SOS SOS}_{min min}}{22} - - SOS SOS)) \cdot &Center Dot; {C C}_{stor store}}{Δt Δt},, {P P}_{dh d h__max max}))$

P_ch1-储能单元充电功率；P_ch1 - charging power of energy storage unit;

C_stor-储能单元容量，kWh；C_stor - energy storage unit capacity, kWh;

e)判断是否满足如满足则确定处于开机状态的各可控型微电源的输出功率指令均取为储能单元放电功率指令为同时卸荷功率指令为0，无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，如不满足则进一步判断是否满足如不满足则转到步骤f)，如满足，则储能单元功率指令为放电P_dh1，并由各可控型微电源优化分配P_net-P_dh1，同时卸荷功率指令为0，无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，其中，各可控型微电源优化分配P_net-P_dh1对应的优化模型如下：e) Judging whether it is satisfied if satisfied Then it is determined that the output power commands of each controllable micro power supply in the power-on state are taken as The discharge power command of the energy storage unit is At the same time, the unloading power command is 0, and there is no load shedding command, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained. If it is not satisfied Then further judge whether to meet the If not satisfied Then go to step f), if it is satisfied, the power command of the energy storage unit is discharge P_dh1 , and each controllable micro power supply optimizes the allocation of P_net -P_dh1 , while the unloading power command is 0, and there is no load shedding command, The micro-grid economic operation scheduling scheme for this period is obtained, in which the optimization model corresponding to the optimal allocation of each controllable micro-power source P_net -P_dh1 is as follows:

min f(x，u)min f(x,u)

其中：in:

优化变量x，u定义为：The optimization variables x, u are defined as:

目标函数f(x，u)定义为：The objective function f(x,u) is defined as:

等式约束h(x，u)包括：Equality constraints h(x, u) include:

(1).功率平衡约束：(1). Power balance constraints:

$\underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} = = {P P}_{net net} - - {P P}_{dh d h 11},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

不等式约束g(x，u)包括：Inequality constraints g(x,u) include:

其中，各符号定义如下：为本时段处于开机状态的可控型微电源集合；S_I为不可控型微电源集合、S_L为内部负荷集合、f(x)为目标函数、为可控型微电源成本曲线参数、为可控型微电源分段曲线归属状态、为可控型微电源分段曲线取值状态、L_Gi为可控型微电源成本曲线分段数、K_OMi为可控型微电源运行维护成本、为可控型微电源有功出力、P_net为净负荷功率；Among them, the symbols are defined as follows: is the set of controllable micro-power sources in the power-on state in this period; S_I is the set of uncontrollable micro-power sources, S_L is the set of internal loads, f(x) is the objective function, is the controllable micro power supply cost curve parameter, is the attribution state of the controllable micro-power segment curve, is the value state of the controllable micro-power segment curve, L_Gi is the segment number of the controllable micro-power cost curve, K_OMi is the operation and maintenance cost of the controllable micro-power, Active power output for the controllable micro power supply, P_net is the net load power;

f)如步骤e)中不满足则计算储能单元可提供的最大放电功率P_dh max，其计算式为：f) If not satisfied in step e) Then calculate the maximum discharge power P_{dh max} that the energy storage unit can provide, and its calculation formula is:

${P P}_{dh d h max max} = = min min ((\frac{((\frac{SOS SOS - - {SOS SOS}_{min min}}{22})) \cdot \cdot {C C}_{stor store}}{Δt Δt},, {P P}_{dh d h__max max}))$

P_dh max-储能单元放电功率，P_{dh max} - discharge power of energy storage unit,

SOS-储能单元当前的储能状态，SOS-the current energy storage status of the energy storage unit,

C_stor-储能单元容量，kWh，C_stor - energy storage unit capacity, kWh,

P_{dh_max}-储能单元的最大允许放电功率，kW，P_{dh_max} - the maximum allowable discharge power of the energy storage unit, kW,

并进一步判断是否满足如果满足则各可控型微电源输出功率指令均为同时卸荷功率指令为0，无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，如果不满足则转到步骤g)；And further judge whether to meet the if satisfied Then the output power command of each controllable micro power supply is At the same time, the unloading power command is 0, and there is no load shedding command, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained. Then go to step g);

g)建立负荷可中断优化模型，根据模型求解结果确定各可控型微电源的输出功率指令及负荷切除指令，同时卸荷功率指令为0得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，其中负荷可中断优化模型如下：g) Establish a load-interruptible optimization model, determine the output power command and load shedding command of each controllable micro-power source according to the model solution results, and at the same time unload the power command as 0 to get the micro-grid economic operation scheduling plan for this period, in which the load can be The interrupt optimization model is as follows:

max f(x，u)max f(x,u)

$s the s . . t t \{\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} h h ((x x,, u u)) = = 00 \\ \underset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{g g} \leq \leq g g ((x x,, u u)) \leq \leq \overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{g g} \end{matrix} & x x &Element; &Element; R R,, u u &Element; &Element; {{00,, 11}} \end{matrix}$

其中：in:

优化变量x，u定义为：The optimization variables x, u are defined as:

$\{\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} x x = = {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t},, {D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k},, {P P}_{stor store}^{t t},, {D D.}_{Stor Stor}^{k k} \\ u u = = {x x}_{i i}^{t t},, {v v}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k},, {u u}_{stor store}^{t t} \end{matrix} & i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T} \end{matrix}$

目标函数f(x，u)定义为：The objective function f(x,u) is defined as:

$f f ((x x,, u u)) = = \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{L L}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} (({p p}_{i i}^{t t} {x x}_{i i}^{t t} - - {b b}_{i i}^{t t} \overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{{x x}_{i i}^{t t}})) \cdot \cdot {P P}_{Li Li}^{t t} + + \underset{t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{L L} - - {S S}_{L L}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} ((c c {P P}_{Li Li}^{t t}))$

$- - ((\underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} (({A A}_{Gi Gi}^{11} + + {Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{Gi Gi}} (({F f}_{Gi Gi}^{k k} {D D.}_{Gi Gi}^{t t,, k k})) + + {K K}_{OMi OMi} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t})) + + f f (({u u}_{stor store}^{t t},, {P P}_{stor store}^{t t}))))$

其中，为储能单元放电罚函数的线性化表示，定义为：in, is the linearized representation of the discharge penalty function of the energy storage unit, defined as:

$f f (({u u}_{stor store}^{t t},, {P P}_{stor store}^{t t})) = = {u u}_{sotr sotr}^{t t} {A A}_{Stor Stor}^{11} + + {Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{S S}} (({F f}_{Stor Stor}^{k k} {D D.}_{Stor Stor}^{k k}))$

储能单元放电罚函数设计为Energy storage unit discharge penalty function designed to

$C C (({P P}_{stor store}^{t t})) = = δ δ \cdot \cdot {P P}_{stor store}^{t t} \cdot &Center Dot; Δt Δt$

δ＝a₁+a₂·dSOS+a₃·P_dh+a₄·dSOS·P_dh+a₅·dSOS²δ＝a₁ +a₂ dSOS+a₃ P_dh +a₄ dSOS P_dh +a₅ dSOS²

dSOS＝SOS-SOS^mindSOS＝SOS-^SOSmin

等式约束条件h(x，u)包括：Equality constraints h(x, u) include:

(1).功率平衡约束：(1). Power balance constraints:

$\underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Gi Gi}^{t t} + + \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{I I}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Ii II}^{t t} + + {P P}_{Stor Stor}^{t t} = = \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {s the s}_{L L}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} {x x}_{i i}^{t t} {P P}_{Li Li}^{t t} + + \underset{i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{L L} - - {S S}_{L L}^{t t}}{Σ Σ} {P P}_{Li Li}^{t t},, i i &Element; &Element; {S S}_{G G}^{t t},, t t &Element; &Element; {S S}_{T T}$

(4).储能单元出力定义：(4). Definition of energy storage unit output:

${P P}_{Stor Stor}^{t t} = = {u u}_{sotr sotr}^{t t} {B B}_{Stor Stor}^{11} + + {Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{S S}} {D D.}_{S S}^{k k}$

(5).储能单元分段运行归属标记位互斥条件：(5). Mutually exclusive conditions for the segmented operation of the energy storage unit attributable to the flag bits:

${Σ Σ}_{k k = = 11}^{{L L}_{S S}} {v v}_{stor store}^{k k} = = {u u}_{stor store}^{t t}$

不等式约束g(x，u)包括：Inequality constraints g(x, u) include:

(1).可控型微电源分段出力值定义：(1). Definition of segmental output value of controllable micro power supply:

(2).储能单元分段出力值定义：(2). Definition of segmental output value of energy storage unit:

${Σ Σ}_{j j = = k k + + 11}^{{L L}_{S S}} {v v}_{Stor Stor}^{j j} \leq \leq \frac{{D D.}_{Stor Stor}^{k k}}{{B B}_{Stor Stor}^{k k + + 11} - - {B B}_{Stor Stor}^{k k}} \leq \leq {Σ Σ}_{j j = = k k}^{{L L}_{S S}} {v v}_{Stor Stor}^{j j},, k k = = 11 . . . . . . {L L}_{Stor Stor}$

其中，各符号定义如下：为本时段处于开机状态的可控型微电源集合；S_I为不可控型微电源集合、S_L为内部负荷集合、为内部可中断负荷集合、f(x，u)为目标函数、是第i个可中断负荷与微电网运营商签订的合同电价(元/kWh)，α_i是可中断负荷的电价系数，对于折扣式可中断负荷，α_i≤1，对于高赔偿可中断负荷，α_i＝1、p₀是售电电价(元/kWh)、是可中断负荷被微电网中断后的单位赔偿费用(元/kWh)，b_i＝β_ip₀、β_i是中断赔偿系数，对于折扣式可中断负荷，β_i＝0，即没有中断后的赔偿费用、为负荷、是第i个可中断负荷的开断状态，1-未断开，0-断开、表示取反；、为可控型微电源成本曲线参数、为储能单元罚函数曲线参数、为可控型微电源分段曲线归属状态、为储能单元放电罚函数分段曲线归属状态、为可控型微电源分段曲线取值状态、为储能单元放电罚函数分段曲线取值状态、L_Gi为可控型微电源成本曲线分段数、L_S为储能单元放电罚函数曲线分段数、K_OMi为可控型微电源运行维护成本、为可控型微电源有功出力；Among them, the symbols are defined as follows: is the set of controllable micro-power sources in the power-on state during this period; S_I is the set of uncontrollable micro-power sources; S_L is the set of internal loads; is the set of internal interruptible loads, f(x, u) is the objective function, is the contract electricity price (yuan/kWh) signed between the i-th interruptible load and the microgrid operator, α_i is the electricity price coefficient of the interruptible load. For the discounted interruptible load, α_i ≤ 1; for the high compensation interruptible load, α_i =₁ . is the unit compensation cost after the interruptible load is interrupted by the microgrid (yuan/kWh), b_i = β_i p₀ , β_i is the interruption compensation coefficient, for the discounted interruptible load, β_i = 0, that is, there is no post-interruption compensation costs, for the load, is the breaking state of the i-th interruptible load, 1- not disconnected, 0- disconnected, Indicates negation;, is the controllable micro power supply cost curve parameter, is the penalty function curve parameter of the energy storage unit, is the attribution state of the controllable micro-power segment curve, is the attribution state of the segmented curve of the discharge penalty function of the energy storage unit, It is the value state of the segmental curve of the controllable micro power supply, is the value state of the energy storage unit discharge penalty function segment curve, L_Gi is the segment number of the controllable micro power supply cost curve, L_S is the segment number of the energy storage unit discharge penalty function curve, K_OMi is the controllable micro power source operation and maintenance costs, Active output for controllable micro power supply;

h)当净负荷功率不满足P_net≥0时，进一步判断是否满足SOS＜SOS_max1，如不满足SOS＜SOS_max1，则各可控型微电源输出功率指令均为同时卸荷功率指令为无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案，如满足SOS＜SOS_max1，则计算储能单元允许的最大充电功率P_ch max，并转到步骤i)，其中，P_ch max的计算式为：h) When the net load_power does not satisfy P_net ≥ 0, further judge whether SOS<SOS_max1 is satisfied, if not, the output power command of each controllable micro power supply is At the same time, the unloading power command is There is no load shedding instruction, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained. If SOS<SOS_max1 is satisfied, then calculate the maximum charging power P_{ch max} allowed by the energy storage unit, and go to step i), where P_{ch max} The calculation formula is:

${P P}_{ch ch max max} = = min min ((\frac{(({SOS SOS}_{max max 11} - - SOS SOS)) \cdot \cdot {C C}_{Stor Stor}}{Δt Δt},, {P P}_{ch ch__max max}))$

P_ch max-储能单元充电功率；P_{ch max} - charging power of energy storage unit;

C_stor-储能单元容量，kWh；C_stor - energy storage unit capacity, kWh;

P_{ch_max}-储能单元的最大允许充电功率，kW；P_{ch_max} - the maximum allowable charging power of the energy storage unit, kW;

i)判断是否满足如满足则各可控型微电源输出功率指令均为同时卸荷功率指令为0，无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案；如不满足则各可控型微电源输出功率指令均为同时卸荷功率指令为i) Judging whether it is satisfied if satisfied Then the output power command of each controllable micro power supply is At the same time, the unloading power command is 0, and there is no load shedding command, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained; if it is not satisfied Then the output power command of each controllable micro power supply is At the same time, the unloading power command is

无切负荷指令，得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案。 There is no load shedding instruction, and the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period is obtained.

7)由第6)步得到的微电网经济运行调度方案形成微电网调度指令，发布给微电网中的可控型微电源、可再生能源发电微电源、卸荷装置以及负荷的控制器，使得微电网在下一时段按照指定方式安全经济运行；7) The micro-grid economic operation scheduling scheme obtained in step 6) forms a micro-grid scheduling command, which is issued to the controllable micro-power sources, renewable energy power generation micro-power sources, unloading devices, and load controllers in the micro-grid, so that The microgrid will operate safely and economically in the specified manner in the next period;

以下结合附图，对本发明的实施例作详细说明，该发明的总体流程图如图1所示，该发明的第6)步所涉及到的流程图如图2～图4所示。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, the overall flow chart of this invention is shown in Figure 1, and the flow chart involved in the 6th) step of this invention is shown in Figure 2～Figure 4.

实施例：Example:

考虑如图5所示的微电网，微电网内含柴油发电机(DE)、微型燃气轮机(MT)、燃料电池(FC)、风力发电机(WT)、光伏电池(PV)及蓄电池(Storage)，微电网与大电网连接的公共耦合点(PCC)保持断开，即微电网独立运行，其中，微电网中的柴油发电机、微型燃气轮机、燃料电池为可控型微电源，风力发电机、光伏电池为不可控型微电源，微电网由蓄电池与燃料电池共同参与压频控制，柴油发电机与微型燃气轮机采用PQ控制，蓄电池能量状态区间划分为SOS_amx1＝0.9，SOS_max2＝0.8，SOS_min＝0.4，采用本发明对独立运行模式下的微电网进行实时能量优化调度。Consider the microgrid shown in Figure 5, which contains diesel generators (DE), micro gas turbines (MT), fuel cells (FC), wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic cells (PV) and batteries (Storage) , the point of public coupling (PCC) between the microgrid and the large power grid remains disconnected, that is, the microgrid operates independently. Among them, the diesel generators, micro gas turbines, and fuel cells in the microgrid are controllable micropower sources, and the wind turbines, Photovoltaic cells are uncontrollable micro-power sources. The micro-grid_is jointly controlled by batteries and fuel cells. Diesel generators and_micro gas turbines are controlled by PQ_. = 0.4, the present invention is used to perform real-time energy optimal scheduling on the microgrid in the independent operation mode.

1)统计微电网运行历史数据，建立微电网内所有可控型微电源的成本-出力曲线的非线性函数，并将其分段线性化，分段线性化的形式如图6所示。以某型号的燃料电池为例，线性化后的参数如表1所示，使用分段线性化模型，即可以使用混合整数线性规划模型来建模微网的日前计划问题，保证问题的求解便捷。1) Statize the historical data of microgrid operation, establish the nonlinear function of the cost-output curve of all controllable micropower sources in the microgrid, and linearize it piecewise. The form of piecewise linearization is shown in Figure 6. Taking a certain type of fuel cell as an example, the parameters after linearization are shown in Table 1. Using the piecewise linearization model, that is, the mixed integer linear programming model can be used to model the day-ahead planning problem of the microgrid to ensure that the solution of the problem is convenient .

表1某型号燃料电池成本-出力曲线分段线性化参数Table 1. Segmented linearization parameters of a fuel cell cost-output curve

2)采集微电网负荷信息数据、气象信息数据，综合微电网运行的历史数据，对负荷/风能/太阳能进行未来一天的预测，得到未来一天内微电网的负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据。2) Collect microgrid load information data and meteorological information data, integrate historical data of microgrid operation, predict load/wind energy/solar energy for the next day, and obtain load/wind energy/solar energy forecast data of microgrid for the next day.

3)以1小时为一时段，将微电网未来一天内的经济运行分为24个时段，以微电网全天运行成本最小为目标函数，其中所有可控型微电源使用分段线性化模型，考虑微电网内部的各时段能量平衡、各设备元件的出力限制/爬坡率限制/开停机成本，基于步骤2)中的日前负荷/风能/太阳能预测数据，将此微电网日前计划问题构成一个混合整数线性规划问题进行求解，得到各时段可控型微电源的机组日前启停优化计划方案，如图7所示。3) Taking 1 hour as a period, divide the economic operation of the microgrid into 24 periods in the future, and take the minimum operating cost of the microgrid throughout the day as the objective function, in which all controllable micropower sources use a piecewise linearization model, Considering the energy balance of each time period inside the microgrid, the output limit/gradient rate limit/start-up and shutdown cost of each equipment component, based on the day-ahead load/wind energy/solar energy forecast data in step 2), the day-ahead planning problem of this microgrid constitutes a The mixed integer linear programming problem is solved, and the optimization plan for the daily start-up and shutdown of the controllable micro-power supply unit at each time period is obtained, as shown in Figure 7.

6)根据步骤4)监测到的该调度时段储能单元的能量状态SOS所处不同状态区间，以及步骤5)确定的不同净负荷功率大小，为独立运行模式下的微电网制定不同的能量优化策略，并建立相应的能量优化模型，通过模型求解得到该时段的微电网经济运行调度方案；6) According to the different state intervals of the energy state SOS of the energy storage unit during the scheduling period monitored in step 4), and the different net load power determined in step 5), different energy optimizations are formulated for the microgrid in the independent operation mode strategy, and establish the corresponding energy optimization model, and obtain the microgrid economic operation scheduling plan for this period through the model solution;

8)在下一调度时刻，判断是否达到第24个时段，如果不是，则重复步骤4)，如果是，则重复步骤2)。8) At the next scheduling moment, judge whether the 24th time period has been reached, if not, repeat step 4), if yes, repeat step 2).

图8为采用本发明对独立运行模式下的微电网算例实时能量优化调度得到的结果，其中，图(a)超短期功率预测；(b)实际功率输出；(c)切负荷与卸荷；(d)可控型微电源功率输出指令；(e)压频控制单元的实际功率输出；(f)储能单元的能量状态SOS。Fig. 8 is the result obtained by using the present invention on the real-time energy optimal scheduling of the microgrid calculation example in the independent operation mode, in which (a) ultra-short-term power prediction; (b) actual power output; (c) load shedding and unloading ; (d) the controllable micro-power output command; (e) the actual power output of the voltage-frequency control unit; (f) the energy state SOS of the energy storage unit.

分析图7可知，在0-2点，由于微网内部负荷较少，故在日前计划只安排了一台柴油发电机(DE)，而在4-23点期间，用电负荷攀升，为尽可能满足负荷需求，安排三台可控型微电源全部开机，在24点，微网内部负荷有所下降，此段时间内安排了柴油发电机(DE)和燃料电池(FC)两台可控型微电源。Analyzing Figure 7, it can be seen that at 0-2 o’clock, due to the small internal load of the microgrid, only one diesel generator (DE) was planned a few days ago, and during the period from 4-23 o’clock, the power load climbed up. It is possible to meet the load demand, and all three controllable micro power sources are arranged to start up. At 24:00, the internal load of the micro grid decreases. During this period, two controllable type micro power supply.

分析图8可知，图8(a)显示8-11点期间为微电网负荷最大时段，图8(c)显示在8-11点期间三台可控型微电源均按基点运行功率的上限值运行，由于仍不能全部满足负荷需求，因此该段时间内增加了蓄电池的输出功率(图8(e)可见)并通过需求侧负荷竞价策略切除了部分负荷(图8(c)P_Cut可见)，以维持微电网内部电能供需平衡；由于本微电网算例内部不可控微电源功率比例较小，所以全天都没出现功率过剩的情况，过剩功率卸荷指令一直为0(图8(c)中P_Shed)；图8(e)为压频控制单元的实际功率输出，因为压频控制单元将分摊微电网内部的随机性波动功率，所以燃料电池的实际功率输出(图8(e)P_FC)是在其功率运行指令值(图8(d)P_FC)基础上叠加了实时运行时的随机性波动功率分量；图8(e)P_Storage为蓄电池充放电功率，由于蓄电池参与压频控制，且在多数情况下不对其进行功率调度，即指定其功率运行基点为0，所以多数情况下其只分摊微电网内的波动功率，充放电功率较小，但在某些情况下，比如负荷过大时，若各微电源都按基点功率上限值运行仍不能完全满足所有负荷，则需要调度蓄电池放电，对应本算例在8-10点，体现为蓄电池有较大放电功率，但蓄电池在全天的充放电功率仍然相对较小，说明减少了微电网对储能单元容量的需求，提高了微电网的投资成本与维护成本，提高了微电网运行经济性。图8(f)为蓄电池能量状态SOS，可见其始终在安全能量状态范围0.5～0.9之间，防止过充电或过放电，能延长蓄电池使用寿命，保证微电网安全可靠的运行。Analysis of Figure 8 shows that Figure 8(a) shows that the period from 8 to 11 o'clock is the maximum load period of the microgrid, and Figure 8(c) shows that during the period from 8 to 11 o'clock, the three controllable micro power sources operate at the upper limit of the base point power Value operation, because the load demand cannot be fully met, so the output power of the battery is increased during this period (as shown in Figure 8(e)) and part of the load is cut off through the demand-side load bidding strategy (as shown in Figure 8(c) P_Cut) , to maintain the balance of power supply and demand within the microgrid; since the power ratio of the uncontrollable micropower sources in this microgrid example is relatively small, there is no excess power throughout the day, and the excess power unloading command is always 0 (Fig. 8(c ) in P_Shed); Figure 8(e) is the actual power output of the voltage-frequency control unit, because the voltage-frequency control unit will share the random fluctuating power inside the microgrid, so the actual power output of the fuel cell (Figure 8(e)P_FC ) is the random fluctuating power component during real-time operation superimposed on the basis of its power operation command value (Fig. 8(d) P_FC); Fig. 8(e) P_Storage is the charging and discharging power of the battery. In most cases, it does not perform power scheduling, that is, its power operation base point is specified as 0, so in most cases it only shares the fluctuating power in the microgrid, and the charging and discharging power is small, but in some cases, such as the load is too large , if all the micro power sources operate according to the power upper limit of the base point and still cannot fully meet all the loads, it is necessary to schedule the discharge of the battery. Corresponding to this calculation example at 8-10 points, it is reflected that the battery has a large discharge power, but the battery is at full power. The daily charging and discharging power is still relatively small, indicating that the demand for energy storage unit capacity of the microgrid is reduced, the investment cost and maintenance cost of the microgrid are increased, and the operating economy of the microgrid is improved. Figure 8(f) shows the battery energy state SOS. It can be seen that it is always within the safe energy state range of 0.5 to 0.9, which prevents overcharging or overdischarging, prolongs the service life of the battery, and ensures the safe and reliable operation of the microgrid.

综上所述，通过本实施例的测试结果，说明本发明提出的一种独立运行模式下的微电网多时间尺度能量优化调度方法，能兼顾微电网运行的安全性与经济性，同时减小了微电网对储能单元容量的需求，且适应微电网负荷过重或新能源发电过剩等各种运行情况。In summary, through the test results of this embodiment, it shows that the multi-time-scale energy optimization scheduling method of microgrid under the independent operation mode proposed by the present invention can take into account the safety and economy of microgrid operation, and at the same time reduce It meets the needs of the micro-grid for the capacity of the energy storage unit, and adapts to various operating conditions such as the overload of the micro-grid or the excess generation of new energy.