技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种双季稻氮素调控和减肥增效方法，属于农业技术领域。The invention relates to a method for nitrogen regulation and weight loss and efficiency enhancement of double-cropping rice, which belongs to the field of agricultural technology.
背景技术Background technique
植物需要的各种营养元素，以氮素尤为重要。氮是作物体内许多重要有机化合物的组分，例如蛋白质、核酸、叶绿素、酶、维生素、生物碱和一些激素等都含有氮素。Various nutrients needed by plants, nitrogen is particularly important. Nitrogen is a component of many important organic compounds in crops, such as proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, enzymes, vitamins, alkaloids and some hormones all contain nitrogen.
众所周知。绿色植物有赖于叶绿素进行光合作用，而叶绿素a和叶绿素b中都含有氮素。实践证明，作物含氮量的高低往往与叶片叶绿素含量存在明显的正相关，叶绿素的含量往往直接影响着光合作用的速率和光合产物的形成。当植物缺氮时，体内叶绿素含量的下降，叶片黄化，光合作用强度减弱，光合产物减少，从而使作物产量明显降低。因此，通过对作物叶片叶绿素含量的测定，可以有效了解作物氮素营养状态，为调节作物氮素状况、预测作物产量提供理论基础。well known. Green plants depend on chlorophyll for photosynthesis, and both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contain nitrogen. Practice has proved that the nitrogen content of crops often has a significant positive correlation with the chlorophyll content of leaves, and the chlorophyll content often directly affects the rate of photosynthesis and the formation of photosynthetic products. When plants are deficient in nitrogen, the chlorophyll content in the body decreases, the leaves turn yellow, the intensity of photosynthesis is weakened, and the photosynthetic products are reduced, so that the crop yield is significantly reduced. Therefore, by measuring the chlorophyll content of crop leaves, we can effectively understand the nitrogen nutrition status of crops, and provide a theoretical basis for adjusting crop nitrogen status and predicting crop yield.
作物叶绿素含量的测定有很多方法，传统上采用丙酮-乙醇浸提比色法测定，该方法对作物具有破坏性，需要在试验室条件下，才能准确测定出叶片叶绿素含量，不能及时反映其叶绿素含量。近年来, 一种基于测定叶绿素相对含量的手持式叶绿素仪(SPAD - 502)较为广泛地应用于植物的氮素检测, 它能够快速、简便、较精确、非破坏性地监测植物氮素营养水平，并能及时提供追肥所需的信息。但是该仪器也存在较大的缺点，就是仪器不稳定，平行测定过程结果差异较大，误差范围较大。但是在大量测定基础上，可大大降低平行测定之间的误差，能够较好地反映作物叶片叶绿素含量的真实水平。There are many methods for measuring the chlorophyll content of crops. Traditionally, the acetone-ethanol extraction colorimetric method is used for determination. This method is destructive to crops and requires laboratory conditions to accurately measure the chlorophyll content of leaves. It cannot reflect its chlorophyll content in time. content. In recent years, a hand-held chlorophyll meter based on the determination of the relative content of chlorophyll (SPAD-502) has been widely used in the detection of nitrogen in plants. It can quickly, easily, accurately and non-destructively monitor the nitrogen nutrition level of plants , and can provide the information needed for topdressing in time. However, this instrument also has a relatively large disadvantage, that is, the instrument is not stable, the results of the parallel measurement process vary greatly, and the error range is relatively large. However, on the basis of a large number of measurements, the error between parallel measurements can be greatly reduced, and the true level of chlorophyll content in crop leaves can be better reflected.
近年来，作物栽培已由定性调控逐渐转向定量调节，大量技术指标需要量化和标准化。氮素是水稻生产中最活跃、最难调控的因子之一，而中采用中国传统的施肥方式，氮素利用率明显低于国外10%—30%。通过多年研究，已经较为全面了解水稻叶绿素的变化规律和氮素营养调控的有效方法，通过采用该方法可以大幅度降低双季稻氮素施用的盲目性，充分做到根据地力、作物和时间施肥，发挥氮肥的最大利用效益。In recent years, crop cultivation has gradually shifted from qualitative regulation to quantitative regulation, and a large number of technical indicators need to be quantified and standardized. Nitrogen is one of the most active and difficult to regulate factors in rice production, and China adopts traditional Chinese fertilization methods, and its nitrogen use efficiency is significantly lower than that of foreign countries by 10%-30%. Through years of research, we have comprehensively understood the changing law of rice chlorophyll and the effective method of nitrogen nutrition regulation. By adopting this method, the blindness of nitrogen application in double-cropping rice can be greatly reduced, and fertilization can be fully realized according to soil fertility, crops and time. , to maximize the use of nitrogen fertilizer.
本发明通过建立不同肥力水平下，叶色氮素与水稻氮素养分之间的相关关系和水稻叶色阀值与氮素调控施肥量之间的相关关系，在水稻氮素调控的关键时期对水稻氮素营养状况进行及时有效的调控，可达到较好的氮素调控和减肥增效的效果。为提高我国氮肥的利用效率，节能减排和粮食安全做出贡献。In the present invention, by establishing the correlation between leaf color nitrogen and rice nitrogen nutrient and the correlation between rice leaf color threshold and nitrogen regulation and fertilization amount under different fertility levels, it is possible to control the nitrogen in the critical period of rice nitrogen regulation. Timely and effective regulation of rice nitrogen nutrition can achieve better nitrogen regulation and weight loss and efficiency enhancement. Contribute to improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in our country, energy saving, emission reduction and food security.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于：提供一种双季稻氮素调控和减肥增效的方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating nitrogen and reducing weight in double-cropping rice.
本发明双季稻氮素调控和减肥增效的方法，具体步骤如下：The method for nitrogen regulation and weight loss and efficiency enhancement of double-cropping rice of the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:
本发明采用手持式叶绿素仪（日本产SPAD-502型），测定水稻叶色对氮素最敏感时期的最敏感叶片叶绿素的SPAD值。本发明所述的手持叶绿素仪是日本产（SPAD-502型），The invention uses a hand-held chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502 type produced in Japan) to measure the SPAD value of the most sensitive leaf chlorophyll in the period when the rice leaf color is most sensitive to nitrogen. The hand-held chlorophyll meter of the present invention is produced in Japan (SPAD-502 type),
本发明所述的水稻叶色对氮素最敏感期为水稻分蘖的中期，即插秧后15-21天范围内；The rice leaf color of the present invention is most sensitive to nitrogen in the middle stage of rice tillering, that is, within the range of 15-21 days after transplanting;
本发明所述的水稻叶片对氮素最敏感的叶位为1.5位叶，即水稻上端新生叶长度达到下部叶片，长度一半时的下部叶片， The leaf position of the rice leaf described in the present invention is most sensitive to nitrogen is the 1.5 position leaf, that is, the length of the new leaf at the upper end of the rice reaches the lower leaf, and the lower leaf when the length is half,
本发明所述的叶片叶绿素的SPAD值的测定方法：每一待测片叶必须测定其上、中、下三个不同的部位，然后求其平均值作为该叶片的SPAD值。The assay method of the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll of the present invention: each leaf to be tested must measure its upper, middle and lower three different positions, then calculate its mean value as the SPAD value of this blade.
为了反映田块的代表性，每个田块叶绿素SPAD值的测定比例为稻田面积超过30平方米时，每增加5平米的稻田需要在30个SPAD值基础上增加1个叶绿素SPAD值，对于稻田面积小于或等于30平米时，也必须测定30个SPAD值。对待测田块所有实测的水稻叶片SPAD值求其平均值作为该田块的SPAD值。In order to reflect the representativeness of the field, the measurement ratio of the chlorophyll SPAD value of each field is that when the area of the paddy field exceeds 30 square meters, every 5 square meters of paddy field needs to add 1 chlorophyll SPAD value on the basis of 30 SPAD values. When the area is less than or equal to 30 square meters, 30 SPAD values must also be determined. Calculate the average value of all the measured rice leaf SPAD values in the field to be tested as the SPAD value of the field.
本发明所述的施肥实效范围是测定叶片SPAD值日期后的4天内。The effective range of fertilization in the present invention is within 4 days after the date of measuring the leaf SPAD value.
不同SPAD阀值区间 对应的氮肥施入量（ N Kg/hm2）如下：The amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N Kg/hm2) corresponding to different SPAD threshold intervals is as follows:
当SPAD阀值<33时， 氮肥施入量为 每公顷75-65公斤N；When the SPAD threshold is <33, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 75-65 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为33-35时，氮肥施入量为每公顷 60-80公斤N； When the SPAD threshold value is 33-35, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 60-80 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为35-37时，氮肥施入量为 每公顷50-70公斤N；When the SPAD threshold value is 35-37, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 50-70 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为37-39时，氮肥施入量为 每公顷40-60公斤N；When the SPAD threshold value is 37-39, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 40-60 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为39-41时，氮肥施入量为 每公顷30-50公斤N；When the SPAD threshold value is 39-41, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 30-50 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为41-43时，氮肥施入量为 每公顷10-30公斤N；When the SPAD threshold value is 41-43, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 10-30 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值>43时，不需施氮肥；When the SPAD threshold is >43, no nitrogen fertilizer is required;
本发明所述的氮肥施肥量应该据种植密度和品种的需肥特性做相应的增减。如栽培密度大时增加，反之减少；杂交稻对氮肥的需肥量大，应相应增加，常规稻则应相应减少。The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the present invention should be increased or decreased according to the planting density and the fertilizer-requiring characteristics of the species. If the cultivation density is high, it will increase, and vice versa, it will decrease; hybrid rice requires a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, so it should be increased accordingly, while conventional rice should be reduced accordingly.
本发明一种双季稻氮素调控和减肥增效的方法具有简单、方便、增产效果显著、肥料利用率高等特点。对防治水稻氮素损失、降低化肥施用量，确保我国粮食安全，增加农民收入具有显著的效果。通过研究发现，采用该方法可以使肥料利用率提高11.6%—24.8%。The method for nitrogen regulation, weight loss and efficiency enhancement of double-cropping rice of the present invention has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, remarkable yield-increasing effect, high fertilizer utilization rate, and the like. It has a significant effect on preventing rice nitrogen loss, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers used, ensuring my country's food security, and increasing farmers' income. Through research, it is found that using this method can increase the fertilizer utilization rate by 11.6%-24.8%.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明采用手持式叶绿素仪（SPAD-502型），测定水稻叶色对氮素最敏感时期的最敏感叶片叶绿素的SPAD值。通过叶片SPAD值了解水稻氮素养分状况，然后将水稻实际SPAD值归入水稻叶色阀值区间。根据每个叶色阀值所要求的施入量，在要求施肥范围内施入相应氮肥，以使水稻氮素养分回归高产叶色阀值范围。通过此法调节水稻叶色使其在高产叶色阀值范围内，水稻收获时水稻产量将达到当地高产水平。The invention uses a hand-held chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502 type) to measure the SPAD value of the most sensitive leaf chlorophyll in the period when rice leaf color is most sensitive to nitrogen. The nitrogen nutrient status of rice is understood through the leaf SPAD value, and then the actual SPAD value of rice is classified into the threshold range of rice leaf color. According to the amount of application required for each leaf color threshold, the corresponding nitrogen fertilizer is applied within the required fertilization range, so that the nitrogen nutrient of rice returns to the high-yield leaf color threshold range. By this method, the rice leaf color is adjusted to be within the high-yield leaf color threshold range, and the rice yield will reach the local high-yield level when the rice is harvested.
本发明所述的手持叶绿素仪必须是日本产（SPAD-502型），如果采用不同型号的叶绿素仪，需要与本发明所述的手持叶绿素仪(SPAD-502型)测定的叶绿素值建立对应关系，然后将本发明所述的水稻叶绿素值转换成其它型号仪器测定的叶绿素值。The hand-held chlorophyll meter of the present invention must be produced in Japan (SPAD-502 type), if different types of chlorophyll meters are used, a corresponding relationship needs to be established with the chlorophyll value measured by the hand-held chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502 type) of the present invention , and then convert the rice chlorophyll value described in the present invention into the chlorophyll value measured by other types of instruments.
本发明所述的水稻叶色对氮素最敏感期为水稻分蘖的中期，即插秧后18±3天范围内。The most sensitive period of rice leaf color to nitrogen in the present invention is the middle stage of rice tillering, that is, within the range of 18±3 days after transplanting.
本发明所述的水稻叶片对氮素最敏感的叶位为1.5位叶，即水稻上端新生叶长度达到下部叶片（倒二叶）长度一半时的下部叶片（倒二叶），这时的叶片被认为是完全展开叶，最为真实地反映水稻氮素营养状况。The leaf position of the rice leaf described in the present invention is most sensitive to nitrogen is the 1.5th leaf, that is, the lower leaf (the second leaf) when the length of the new leaf at the upper end of the rice reaches half the length of the lower leaf (the second leaf). It is considered to be fully expanded leaves, which most truly reflect the nitrogen nutrition status of rice.
本发明所述的叶片叶绿素的SPAD值的测定方法为：每一待测片叶必须测定其上、中、下三个不同的部位，然后求其平均值作为该叶片的SPAD值。为了反映田块的代表性，每个田块叶绿素SPAD值的测定比例为稻田面积超过30平方米时，每增加5平米的稻田需要在30个SPAD值基础上增加1个叶绿素SPAD值，对于稻田面积小于或等于30平米时，也必须测定30个SPAD值。对待测田块所有实测的水稻叶片SPAD值求其平均值作为该田块的SPAD值。The assay method of the SPAD value of leaf chlorophyll of the present invention is: each leaf to be tested must measure its upper, middle and lower three different positions, then calculate its mean value as the SPAD value of this blade. In order to reflect the representativeness of the field, the measurement ratio of the chlorophyll SPAD value of each field is that when the paddy field area exceeds 30 square meters, every 5 square meters of paddy field needs to add 1 chlorophyll SPAD value on the basis of 30 SPAD values. When the area is less than or equal to 30 square meters, 30 SPAD values must also be determined. Calculate the average value of all the measured rice leaf SPAD values in the field to be tested as the SPAD value of the field.
本发明所述的施肥实效范围是测定叶片SPAD值日期后的4天内。The effective range of fertilization in the present invention is within 4 days after the date of measuring the leaf SPAD value.
不同SPAD阀值区间 对应的氮肥施入量（ N Kg/hm2）如下：The amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N Kg/hm2) corresponding to different SPAD threshold intervals is as follows:
当SPAD阀值<33时， 氮肥施入量为 每公顷75-65公斤N；When the SPAD threshold is <33, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 75-65 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为33-35时，氮肥施入量为每公顷 60-80公斤N； When the SPAD threshold value is 33-35, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 60-80 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为35-37时，氮肥施入量为 每公顷50-70公斤N；When the SPAD threshold value is 35-37, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 50-70 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为37-39时，氮肥施入量为 每公顷40-60公斤N；When the SPAD threshold value is 37-39, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 40-60 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为39-41时，氮肥施入量为 每公顷30-50公斤N；When the SPAD threshold value is 39-41, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 30-50 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值为41-43时，氮肥施入量为 每公顷10-30公斤N；When the SPAD threshold value is 41-43, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 10-30 kg N per hectare;
当SPAD阀值>43时，不需施氮肥；When the SPAD threshold is >43, no nitrogen fertilizer is required;
本发明所述的氮肥施肥量应该据种植密度和品种的需肥特性做相应的增减。如栽培密度大时增加，反之减少；杂交稻对氮肥的需肥量大，应相应增加，常规稻则应相应减少。采用该方法可以使肥料利用率提高11.6%—24.8%。The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the present invention should be increased or decreased according to the planting density and the fertilizer-requiring characteristics of the species. If the cultivation density is high, it will increase, and vice versa, it will decrease; hybrid rice requires a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, so it should be increased accordingly, while conventional rice should be reduced accordingly. Using this method can increase the fertilizer utilization rate by 11.6%-24.8%.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011101719437ACN102283062A (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | Method for double-cropping rice nitrogen regulation, fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011101719437ACN102283062A (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | Method for double-cropping rice nitrogen regulation, fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement |
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| CN102283062Atrue CN102283062A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
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| CN2011101719437APendingCN102283062A (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | Method for double-cropping rice nitrogen regulation, fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20111221 |