CN102172852A - Compound vibration and magnetorheological ultraprecise polishing method - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明介绍了一种复合振动磁流变超精密抛光方法，该方法遵循如下步骤：一、将工件(9)夹持在夹具(168)上，下端对应抛光轮(24)顶部的抛光区域；二、调节滑板(5)，使抛光区得到较大磁场，启动抛光轮(24)、泵(22)，将磁流变抛光液送达工件(9)实现抛光；启动振动电机(11)通过联动得到高精度的加工表面；三、调节滑板(5)，逐渐减小抛光区的磁场，启动泵(22)，将磁流变抛光液送至工件(9)，工件(9)交替做水平方向机械振动与旋转运动实现高精度磁流变抛光。该方法提高了磁流变抛光的去除率和加工精度，改善了工件表面的加工质量。

The present invention introduces a compound vibration magneto-rheological ultra-precision polishing method. The method follows the following steps: 1. Clamp the workpiece (9) on the fixture (168), and the lower end corresponds to the polishing area on the top of the polishing wheel (24); Two, adjust the slide plate (5) to make the polishing area get a larger magnetic field, start the polishing wheel (24), the pump (22), and deliver the magnetorheological polishing liquid to the workpiece (9) to realize polishing; start the vibration motor (11) to pass Linkage to obtain a high-precision processing surface; 3. Adjust the slide plate (5), gradually reduce the magnetic field in the polishing area, start the pump (22), and send the magnetorheological polishing liquid to the workpiece (9), and the workpiece (9) is alternately leveled Directional mechanical vibration and rotary motion realize high-precision magnetorheological polishing. The method improves the removal rate and processing precision of magnetorheological polishing, and improves the processing quality of the workpiece surface.

Description

The magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished method of complex vibration

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of polishing processing method, be specifically related to a kind of magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished method of complex vibration that is applicable to the various hard brittle materials of processing.

Background technology

Along with developing rapidly of subjects such as photoelectricity communication, optics, automobile, bioengineering, aeronautical and space technology, biotechnology and life science, the application of various hard brittle materials is extensive day by day, and also more and more higher to the requirement of the surface configuration precision of material and roughness.Technique of Magnetorheological Finishing merges the relevant knowledge of electromagnetism, hydrodynamics and chemistry among ultraprecise processing practice, after the magnetic flow liquid that contains the finite concentration fine abrasive injects polishing area, apply a controlled high-gradient magnetic field in this zone, so, under the effect in magnetic field, this regional magnetic flow liquid produces rheological effect, viscosity increases rapidly in the time at Millisecond, and, drive realization polishing under the effect of hydrodynamic by polishing wheel at the surperficial shape polishing tool admittedly that forms partly of polishing wheel.Because polishing processing is minimum to the inferior surface breakdown of workpiece, so work piece can obtain high-quality optical surface by this kind polishing.Yet in traditional magnetorheological process, though the vibration of single direction helps to improve the clearance of magnetorheological polishing, the high efficiency and the high-quality that want to obtain simultaneously this processing mode are very difficult.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, defective at existing Technique of Magnetorheological Finishing, provide a kind of complex vibration magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished method, this method is utilized the magnetorheological circulatory system, by the mechanical oscillation of integrated horizontal direction and the compound method for processing of going forward one by one of ultrasonic vibration of vertical direction, just the stage is pursued high clearance, and the inferior stage pursues high-precision two stage manner and realizes high-quality processing, finally realizes high efficiency and high-precision magnetorheological polishing processing.

Technical solution of the present invention is, the magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished method of this complex vibration that is provided, referring to accompanying drawing 1～4, be to utilize to be equipped with a complex vibration device 1, the mechanical oscillation of this complex vibration device 1 integrated horizontal direction and the ultrasonic vibration of vertical direction are followed the magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished processing of complex vibration that following concrete operations step is implemented hard brittle material in the magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished lathe of one:

Referring to accompanying drawing 1, the magnetorheological circulation burnishing device 2 of above-mentioned lathe is fixed on the horizontal table 3 of this lathe as shown in Figure 1.This workbench 3 is fixedlyed connected withlathe bed 8; The complex vibration device 1 of this lathe is fixed on the wobble-plate 6, and wobble-plate 6 links to each other with slide block 5, and slide block 5 links to each other with guide rail 4, and described guide rail 4 is fixed on the vertical axis 7 oflathe bed 8; The centre of gyration of described wobble-plate 6 and horizontal direction parallel, described slide block 5 is done and is moved both vertically.Can realize doing slide block 5 that moves both vertically and the wobble-plate 6 of doing oscillating motion by the control lathe and do the shaft coupling motion.Referring to accompanying drawing 4, rotary ultrasonic wave generating device 16 is made ofmotor 161,main shaft 162,sleeve 163,carbon brush 164,luffing bar 165,second nut 166,transducer 167 andanchor clamps 168 as shown in Figure 4.These rotary ultrasonic wave generating device 16usefulness sleeves 163 encapsulate the high-frequency ultrasonic vibrational system thatcarbon brush 164,luffing bar 165,transducer 167 constitute, and are connected withmotor 161 by main shaft 162.Described high-frequency ultrasonic vibrational system can rotatablely move under the drive of themain shaft 162 ofmotor 161, and theanchor clamps 168 that are used for clamping workpiece 9 are equipped with in the lower end ofsleeve 163.

One, clamping.Referring to accompanying drawing 4, workpiece 9 is clamped on theanchor clamps 168 of described ultraprecise magnetorheological finishing device the polishing area at polishing wheel 24 tops of magnetorheological circulation burnishing device 2 shown in the lower end respective figure 3 of workpiece 9;

Two, referring to accompanying drawing 1～4, regulate the slide plate 5 on the guide rail 4, reduce the distance between polishing wheel 24 and the workpiece 9, make polishing area obtain big magnetic field, conventional method is set the magnetic field intensity of excitation unit 26, start polishing wheel 24, polished 24 stabilizations of speed of taking turns, the polishing area of polishing wheel 24 tops produces stable and clocklike staggered alternate magnetic field; Start pump 22, stirring, constant temperature and permanent viscosity are controlled the Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid of 27 li of collection containers and delivered to polishing area from nozzle 21 through circulatory system conduit 25, under the arrival workpiece 9, produce rheological effect after making Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid enter magnetic field, viscosity increases rapidly in the time at Millisecond, form the polishing tool of semi-solid, under the effect of hydrodynamic, realize polishing; Vibration on Start-up motor 11, themotor 161 of rotary ultrasonic wave generating device 16 promptly is fixed on shaft coupling 12 and eccentric wheel 13 on the bottom plate 15 by first nut 17 of band spring 14, drive workpiece 9 is alternately done horizontal direction mechanical oscillation and vertical direction ultrasonic vibration and is rotatablely moved below fixed cover 18, increase friction with flexible magnetism rheology rubbing head, improve clearance, realize high efficiency magnetorheological polishing, pass through the interlock motion control of lathe thus, formation meets sets the machining locus that requires, and obtains high-precision finished surface; Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid after the polishing reclaims through gatherer 23, flow into stirring, constant temperature and permanent viscosity control container 27, extract out by pump 22 again, so repeatedly, recycling with Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid kept the stable of the magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished lathe polishing performance of used complex vibration.

Three, high quality polished.Referring to accompanying drawing 1～4, at first regulate the slide plate 5 on the guide rail 4, reduce the distance between polishing wheel 24 and the workpiece 9 gradually, polishing area obtains less magnetic field; Start pump 22, with the Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid in stirring, constant temperature and permanent viscosity control container 27 devices through circulatory system conduit 25 deliver to from nozzle 21 workpiece 9 under; Vibration on Start-up motor 11, this stage does not start 16 vibrations of rotary ultrasonic wave generating device,starter motor 161 drives workpiece 9 and rotates, first nut 17 by band spring 14 is fixed on shaft coupling 12 and eccentric wheel 13 on the bottom plate 15 simultaneously, drive workpiece 9 is alternately done the horizontal direction mechanical oscillation and is rotatablely moved and realizes high-precision magnetorheological polishing below fixed cover 18, pass through the interlock motion control of lathe thus, formation meets sets the machining locus that requires, and obtains high-precision finished surface; Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid after the polishing reclaims through gatherer 23, flow into stirring, constant temperature and permanent viscosity control container 27, extract out by pump 22 again, so repeatedly, recycling with Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid kept the stable of the magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished lathe polishing performance of used complex vibration.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: complex vibration processing is combined with magnetorheological polishing, improved the clearance and the machining accuracy of magnetorheological polishing.The ultrasonic vibration of vertical direction and abrasive particle make the pressure of flexible bistrique of semisolid and workpiece become big to the reinforcement of the bump of workpiece, and clearance increases; And the vibration of vertical magnetic field direction makes the pressure equalization of surface of the work, helps improving the crudy of surface of the work.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished lathe of the used complex vibration of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of complex vibration device;

Fig. 3 is the circulatory system structural representation of magnetorheological circulation burnishing device;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of rotary ultrasonic wave generating device.

Being denoted as in above Fig. 1～4:

1-complex vibration device,

The 11-vibrating motor

The 12-shaft coupling,

The 13-eccentric wheel,

The 14-spring,

The 15-bottom plate,

16-rotary ultrasonic wave generating device,

The 161-motor,

The 162-main shaft,

The 163-sleeve,

The 164-carbon brush,

165-luffing bar,

166-second nut,

The 167-transducer,

The 168-anchor clamps,

17-first nut,

The 18-fixed cover,

The 19-upper head plate,

The magnetorheological circulation burnishing device of 2-,

The 21-nozzle,

The 22-pump,

The 23-gatherer,

The 24-polishing wheel,

The 25-conduit,

The 26-excitation unit,

27-stirring, constant temperature and permanent viscosity control container,

The 3-workbench,

The 4-guide rail,

The 5-slide plate,

The 6-wobble-plate,

The 7-vertical axis,

The 8-lathe bed,

The 9-workpiece.

The specific embodiment:

One, referring to accompanying drawing 4, workpiece 9 is clamped on theanchor clamps 168 of a UMR-2 type ultraprecise magnetorheological polishing machine bed of making by high efficient grinding Engineering Technical Research Centre minute manufacturing research institute of Hunan China university country the polishing area at polishing wheel 24 tops of magnetorheological circulation burnishing device 2 shown in the lower end respective figure 3 of workpiece 9;

Two, referring to accompanying drawing 1～4, regulate the slide plate 5 on the guide rail 4, reduce the distance between polishing wheel 24 and the workpiece 9, make polishing area obtain big magnetic field, conventional method is set the magnetic field intensity of excitation unit 26, start polishing wheel 24, polished 24 stabilizations of speed of taking turns, the polishing area of polishing wheel 24 tops produces stable and clocklike staggered alternate magnetic field; Start pump 22, Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid in stirring, constant temperature and the permanent viscosity control gatherer is delivered to polishing area through circulatory system conduit 25 from nozzle 21, under the arrival workpiece 9, produce rheological effect after making Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid enter magnetic field, viscosity increases rapidly in the time at Millisecond, form the polishing tool of semi-solid, under the effect of hydrodynamic, realize polishing; Vibration on Start-up motor 11, themotor 161 of rotary ultrasonic wave generating device 16 promptly is fixed on shaft coupling 12 and eccentric wheel 13 on the bottom plate 15 by first nut 17 of band spring 14, drive workpiece 9 is alternately done horizontal direction mechanical oscillation and vertical direction ultrasonic vibration and is rotatablely moved below fixed cover 18, increase friction with flexible magnetism rheology rubbing head, improve clearance, realize high efficiency magnetorheological polishing, pass through the interlock motion control of lathe thus, formation meets sets the machining locus that requires, and obtains high-precision finished surface; Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid after the polishing reclaims through gatherer 23, flow into stirring, constant temperature and permanent viscosity control container 27, extract out by pump 22 again, so repeatedly, recycling with Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid kept the stable of the magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished lathe polishing performance of used complex vibration.

Three, referring to accompanying drawing 1～4, regulate the slide plate 5 on the guide rail 4, reduce the distance between polishing wheel 24 and the workpiece 9 gradually, polishing area obtains less magnetic field; Start pump 22, with the Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid in stirring, constant temperature and permanent viscosity control container 27 devices through circulatory system conduit 25 deliver to from nozzle 21 workpiece 9 under; Vibration on Start-up motor 11,starter motor 161 drives workpiece 9 and rotates, first nut 17 by band spring 14 is fixed on shaft coupling 12 and eccentric wheel 13 on the bottom plate 15 simultaneously, drive workpiece 9 is alternately done the horizontal direction mechanical oscillation and is rotatablely moved and realizes high-precision magnetorheological polishing below fixed cover 18, pass through the interlock motion control of lathe thus, formation meets sets the machining locus that requires, and obtains high-precision finished surface; Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid after the polishing reclaims through gatherer 23, flow into stirring, constant temperature and permanent viscosity control container 27, extract out by pump 22 again, so repeatedly, recycling with Magnetorheologicai polishing liquid kept the stable of the magnetorheological Ultraprecise polished lathe polishing performance of used complex vibration.

The vibration frequency of above-mentioned rotary ultrasonic wave generating device 16 〉=12 kilo hertz; The rotary speed of the main shaft of above-mentioned workpiece 9≤10000 rev/min; The magnetic induction intensity of above-mentioned excitation unit 26 〉=1200 Gausses.Above-mentioned complex vibration device 1 adopts the vibrating mechanism of conventional cam structure to realize complex vibration.

Claims (1)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种复合振动磁流变超精密抛光方法，该方法遵循如下步骤：1. A compound vibration magnetorheological ultra-precision polishing method, the method follows the steps:一、将工件(9)夹持在所用复合振动磁流变超精密抛光机床的夹具(168)上，工件(9)的下端对应磁流变循环抛光装置(2)的抛光轮(24)顶部的抛光区域；1. Clamp the workpiece (9) on the clamp (168) of the compound vibration magnetorheological ultra-precision polishing machine tool used, and the lower end of the workpiece (9) corresponds to the top of the polishing wheel (24) of the magnetorheological circulation polishing device (2) polished area;二、调节导轨(4)上的滑板(5)，减小抛光轮(24)与工件(9)之间的距离，使抛光区得到较大磁场，常规方法设定励磁装置(26)的磁场强度，启动抛光轮(24)，待抛光轮(24)转速稳定，抛光轮(24)上方的抛光区产生稳定而有规律的交错相间的磁场；启动泵(22)，将搅拌、恒温及恒粘度控制收集容器(27)里的磁流变抛光液经循环系统导管(25)从喷嘴(21)送至抛光区，到达工件(9)的正下方，使磁流变抛光液进入磁场后产生流变效应，粘度在毫秒级时间内迅速增大，形成半固体状的抛光工具，在流体动压的作用下实现抛光；启动振动电机(11)，旋转超声波发生装置(16)的电机(161)即通过带弹簧(14)的第一螺母(17)固定在下端板(15)上的联轴器(12)及偏心轮(13)，带动工件(9)在固定套(18)下方交替做水平方向机械振动与垂直方向超声波振动以及旋转运动，由此通过机床的联动运动控制，形成符合设定要求的加工轨迹，得到高精度的加工表面；抛光后的磁流变抛光液经收集器(23)回收，流入搅拌、恒温及恒粘度控制容器(27)，再由泵(22)抽出，如此反复；Two, adjust the slide plate (5) on the guide rail (4), reduce the distance between the polishing wheel (24) and the workpiece (9), so that the polishing area gets a larger magnetic field, and the magnetic field of the excitation device (26) is set by conventional methods Intensity, start the polishing wheel (24), and when the rotating speed of the polishing wheel (24) is stable, the polishing area above the polishing wheel (24) produces a stable and regular interlaced magnetic field; start the pump (22), and stir, constant temperature and constant The magnetorheological polishing liquid in the viscosity control collection container (27) is sent to the polishing area from the nozzle (21) through the circulation system conduit (25), and reaches directly below the workpiece (9), so that the magnetorheological polishing liquid enters the magnetic field and generates Rheological effect, the viscosity increases rapidly in milliseconds to form a semi-solid polishing tool, which realizes polishing under the action of fluid dynamic pressure; start the vibration motor (11), and rotate the motor (161) of the ultrasonic generating device (16) ) is the shaft coupling (12) and eccentric wheel (13) fixed on the lower end plate (15) through the first nut (17) with spring (14), driving the workpiece (9) alternately under the fixed sleeve (18) Perform horizontal mechanical vibration, vertical ultrasonic vibration and rotary motion, so that through the linkage motion control of the machine tool, a processing trajectory that meets the set requirements is formed to obtain a high-precision processing surface; the polished magnetorheological polishing liquid passes through the collector (23) reclaim, flow into stirring, constant temperature and constant viscosity control container (27), extract out by pump (22) again, so repeatedly;三、调节导轨(4)上的滑板(5)，逐渐减小抛光轮(24)与工件(9)之间的距离，抛光区得到较小的磁场；启动泵(22)，将搅拌、恒温及恒粘度控制容器(27)器里的磁流变抛光液经循环系统导管(25)从喷嘴(21)送至工件(9)的正下方；启动振动电机(11)，启动电机(161)带动工件(9)做旋转运动，同时通过带弹簧(14)的第一螺母(17)固定在下端板(15)上的联轴器(12)及偏心轮(13)，带动工件(9)在固定套(18)下方交替做水平方向机械振动与旋转运动来实现高精度的磁流变抛光；由此通过机床的联动运动控制，形成符合设定要求的加工轨迹，获得高精度的加工表面；抛光后的磁流变抛光液经收集器(23)回收，流入搅拌、恒温及恒粘度控制容器(27)，再由泵(22)抽出，如此反复。Three, adjust the slide plate (5) on the guide rail (4), gradually reduce the distance between the polishing wheel (24) and the workpiece (9), and the polishing area obtains a smaller magnetic field; start the pump (22), and stir, constant temperature And the magnetorheological polishing fluid in the constant viscosity control container (27) is sent to the directly below the workpiece (9) through the circulation system conduit (25) from the nozzle (21); start the vibration motor (11), start the motor (161) The workpiece (9) is driven to rotate, and at the same time, the coupling (12) and the eccentric wheel (13) fixed on the lower end plate (15) by the first nut (17) with a spring (14) drive the workpiece (9) Under the fixed sleeve (18), perform horizontal mechanical vibration and rotational movement alternately to achieve high-precision magneto-rheological polishing; thus, through the linkage motion control of the machine tool, a machining trajectory that meets the set requirements is formed to obtain a high-precision machining surface ; The magnetorheological polishing liquid after polishing is reclaimed by the collector (23), flows into the stirring, constant temperature and constant viscosity control container (27), and is extracted by the pump (22) again, and so on.

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