CN102156231A - Method for judging power amplifier entering noise bottom area in electromagnetic radiation sensitivity test - Google Patents
Method for judging power amplifier entering noise bottom area in electromagnetic radiation sensitivity testDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
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Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于电磁兼容敏感度测试领域，具体地说，是指一种电磁辐射敏感度测试中判断功率放大器进入噪底区的方法。The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic compatibility susceptibility testing, and specifically refers to a method for judging that a power amplifier enters a noise floor area in electromagnetic radiation susceptibility testing.
背景技术Background technique
按照GJB-151A《军用设备和分系统电磁发射和敏感度要求》规定，电磁兼容测试包括电磁干扰(EMI)试验和电磁敏感度(EMS)试验两大部分。其中电磁敏感度试验是被试品在正常工作状态下，按照相关限值，利用天线或电流探头等测试设备完成对被试品或连接线缆的电磁辐射或传导信号的施加，被试品不应出现任何故障、性能降低或偏离规定的指标值，或超出单个设备和分系统规范中给出的指标容差。典型的试验项目如CS114和RS103试验等，此类试验项目均需要使用功率放大器，以提升试验系统对外发射的功率。According to GJB-151A "Military Equipment and Subsystem Electromagnetic Emission and Susceptibility Requirements", the electromagnetic compatibility test includes two parts: electromagnetic interference (EMI) test and electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) test. Among them, the electromagnetic susceptibility test is that the tested product is under the normal working state, according to the relevant limit value, using the antenna or current probe and other test equipment to complete the application of electromagnetic radiation or conduction signal to the tested product or the connecting cable, the tested product does not Any failure, degradation of performance or deviation from specified index values, or exceeding the index tolerances given in individual equipment and subsystem specifications, shall occur. Typical test items such as CS114 and RS103 tests, etc., such test items require the use of power amplifiers to increase the power emitted by the test system.
敏感度测试的基本原理是干扰发生设备产生一定量级的电磁干扰，而手动对信号源进行调节非常浪费时间，所以使用电磁兼容自动测试系统分别对被试品的每一频点进行信号源幅值的自动调节。如图1所示，电磁传导敏感度自动测试系统一般由信号源、功率放大器、定向耦合器、电流注入探头、电流监测探头、接收机、PC机组成。信号源输出信号经射频电缆传输至功率放大器的输入端，功率放大器输出端输出大功率信号至电流注入探头激励端，电流注入探头在大功率信号激励下产生一定强度的干扰信号，电流监测探头接收被试品线缆获得的电磁干扰并通过测量接收机A显示外加干扰信号的强度，PC机分别控制测量接收机A和信号源，一方面对电流监测探头获得的干扰信号与极限值之间进行比较；另一方面也控制信号源的仪器参数设置，根据GJB151A-97标准对于场强极限值的规定，对信号源的输出幅度进行调整，使其达到GJB151A-97标准所要求的极限值。The basic principle of the sensitivity test is that the interference generating equipment produces a certain level of electromagnetic interference, and it is very time-consuming to manually adjust the signal source, so the EMC automatic test system is used to test the amplitude of the signal source for each frequency point of the tested product. Automatic adjustment of the value. As shown in Figure 1, the electromagnetic conduction susceptibility automatic test system generally consists of a signal source, a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a current injection probe, a current monitoring probe, a receiver, and a PC. The output signal of the signal source is transmitted to the input terminal of the power amplifier through the radio frequency cable, and the output terminal of the power amplifier outputs a high-power signal to the excitation terminal of the current injection probe. The electromagnetic interference obtained by the cable of the tested product is displayed by the measurement receiver A to display the strength of the external interference signal. The PC controls the measurement receiver A and the signal source respectively. On the one hand, the interference signal obtained by the current monitoring probe and the limit value are checked Comparison; on the other hand, it also controls the instrument parameter setting of the signal source. According to the provisions of the GJB151A-97 standard for the field strength limit value, the output amplitude of the signal source is adjusted to make it reach the limit value required by the GJB151A-97 standard.
在电磁传导敏感度测试中，需要在较宽的频率范围内对被试品施加一定强度的外加干扰以考察被试品的电磁敏感特性。被试品线缆外加电磁传导干扰必须符合一定的测试标准的极限值要求，所以在每一个频点施加干扰时，需要对信号源设置一个初始幅度，以此为起点调整信号源输出幅度，使得电流监测探头获得的电流强度达到测试标准规定的强度(极限值)，并驻留一定时间，观察被试品是否存在敏感现象，然后才可以步进至下一测试频率点继续试验。若出现初始值设置较高的情况，测得的干扰电流高于极限值，需要减小信号源输出，在电磁传导敏感度自动测试中，对信号源输出幅度进行调节的同时需要判断功率放大器是否进入非线性噪底区，如图2所示，在输入信号未进入功率放大器非线性噪底区时，功率放大器的特性曲线具有较好的放大特性，可继续减小输入信号强度直至输出满足标准极限值要求；若输入信号进入放大器非线性噪底区，则继续减小输入信号强度将不会改变功率放大器输出信号强度，不能达到标准所要求的极限值。在功率放大器非线性噪底区出现增益压缩现象是功率放大器的一项固有属性，不可避免，但是非线性噪底区的位置不能精确定位。因此，在减小功率放大器输入信号幅度(即信号源输出幅度)的同时需要判别是否进入功率放大器的非线性噪底区。In the electromagnetic conduction susceptibility test, it is necessary to impose a certain intensity of external interference on the tested product in a wide frequency range to investigate the electromagnetic sensitivity characteristics of the tested product. The electromagnetic conduction interference added to the cable under test must meet the limit value requirements of certain test standards. Therefore, when applying interference at each frequency point, it is necessary to set an initial amplitude for the signal source, and use this as a starting point to adjust the output amplitude of the signal source so that The current intensity obtained by the current monitoring probe reaches the intensity (limit value) specified in the test standard, and stays for a certain period of time to observe whether the tested product is sensitive, and then it can step to the next test frequency point to continue the test. If the initial value is set higher and the measured interference current is higher than the limit value, the output of the signal source needs to be reduced. In the automatic test of electromagnetic conduction sensitivity, it is necessary to judge whether the power amplifier is adjusted while adjusting the output amplitude of the signal source. Entering the nonlinear noise floor area, as shown in Figure 2, when the input signal does not enter the nonlinear noise floor area of the power amplifier, the characteristic curve of the power amplifier has better amplification characteristics, and the input signal strength can continue to be reduced until the output meets the standard Limit value requirements; if the input signal enters the non-linear noise floor area of the amplifier, continuing to reduce the input signal strength will not change the output signal strength of the power amplifier, and cannot reach the limit value required by the standard. Gain compression in the nonlinear noise floor area of the power amplifier is an inherent property of the power amplifier and cannot be avoided, but the location of the nonlinear noise floor area cannot be precisely located. Therefore, while reducing the input signal amplitude of the power amplifier (that is, the output amplitude of the signal source), it is necessary to judge whether to enter the nonlinear noise floor region of the power amplifier.
现有的判断功率放大器进入非线性噪底区的方法都以经验控制循环次数来判别。如图3所示，试验过程中当标准极限值A0与电流监测探头监测到电流值A的差值Δ没有满足阀值要求，但是在一个较小的范围Z(Z＞X)内时，即|Δ|＜Z，开始循环计数，当循环次数达到一个经验值时，一般为6次，也有可能在这之前信号源输出到达了最低限值，无法达到要求的极限值，认为功率放大器进入非线性噪底区，判断功率放大器输出不能满足标准极限值要求，退出程序。The existing methods for judging that the power amplifier enters the nonlinear noise floor area are all judged by the number of empirical control cycles. As shown in Figure 3, during the test, when the difference Δ between the standard limit value A0 and the current value A detected by the current monitoring probe does not meet the threshold requirement, but is within a small range Z (Z > X), That is, |Δ|<Z, start counting cycles. When the number of cycles reaches an empirical value, generally 6 times, it is also possible that the output of the signal source has reached the minimum limit before this, and cannot reach the required limit value. It is considered that the power amplifier enters In the non-linear noise floor area, it is judged that the output of the power amplifier cannot meet the requirements of the standard limit value, and the program exits.
按照此方法对功率放大器是否进入非线性噪底区进行判断有以下缺点：Judging whether the power amplifier enters the nonlinear noise floor area according to this method has the following disadvantages:
1、此方法采用经验循环次数，可能在功率放大器的非线性噪底区中进行了多次循环，花费大量时间，降低了试验的效率。1. This method uses the number of empirical cycles, which may be repeated many times in the nonlinear noise floor area of the power amplifier, which takes a lot of time and reduces the efficiency of the test.
2、在功率放大器非线性噪底区中不断进行小信号输入会对功率放大器造成能量浪费。2. Continuous small signal input in the non-linear noise floor region of the power amplifier will cause energy waste to the power amplifier.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为了通过观察功率放大器是否出现增益压缩情况判断其是否进入非线性噪底区，来确定功率放大器输出能否满足标准极限值要求，同时保护功率放大器，采用了一种快速判断功率放大器进入非线性噪底区(简称噪底区)的方法。通过比较电流监测探头信号幅度变化量与信号源输出信号幅度变化量的关系，来判断功率放大器是否进入非线性噪底区。In order to judge whether the power amplifier enters the non-linear noise floor area by observing whether the gain compression occurs in the power amplifier, to determine whether the output of the power amplifier can meet the standard limit value requirements, and to protect the power amplifier at the same time, a method for quickly judging that the power amplifier enters the non-linear noise floor is adopted. The linear noise floor (noise floor for short) method. By comparing the relationship between the amplitude variation of the current monitoring probe signal and the output signal amplitude variation of the signal source, it is judged whether the power amplifier enters the nonlinear noise floor area.
一种电磁辐射敏感度测试中判断功率放大器进入噪底区的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for judging that a power amplifier enters a noise floor area in an electromagnetic radiation susceptibility test comprises the following steps:
步骤一、将初始循环计数值设为i＝1；设定信号源初始输出幅度S。Step 1: Set the initial cycle count value as i=1; set the initial output amplitude S of the signal source.
在不同测试频点信号源的初始输出幅度S根据所用电流注入探头的系数进行设定。The initial output amplitude S of the signal source at different test frequency points is set according to the coefficient of the current injection probe used.
步骤二、信号源输出幅度S，读取电流监测探头测得的干扰信号的电流值A0，电流值A0使用单位为dBμA。Step 2: The signal source outputs the amplitude S, and reads the current value A0 of the interference signal measured by the current monitoring probe, and the unit of the current value A0 is dBμA.
步骤三、计算标准极限值A与实际测得的干扰信号的电流值A0之间的差值Δ，Δ＝A-A0，此时标准极限值A同样使用单位为dBμA，得到差值Δ的单位为dB。Step 3. Calculate the difference Δ between the standard limit value A and the actual measured current value A0 of the interference signal, Δ=AA0 . At this time, the standard limit value A also uses the unit of dBμA to obtain the unit of the difference Δ for dB.
步骤四、判断循环次数i，根据循环次数i进行不同的操作：Step 4. Determine the number of cycles i, and perform different operations according to the number of cycles i:
a.若i＝1，则顺序执行步骤五；a. If i=1, execute step five sequentially;
b.若i＞1，则先将测试得到的电流变化量与信号源输出幅度变化量进行比较，判断功率放大器是否进入非线性噪底区；所述的电流变化量为(A0-A1)，信号源输出幅度变化量为标准极限值A与实际测得的干扰信号的电流值A0的差值Δ；其中，A1为上一循环中电流监测探头测得的电流值。b. If i>1, first compare the current change obtained by the test with the signal source output amplitude change to determine whether the power amplifier has entered the nonlinear noise floor area; the current change is (A0 -A1 ), the signal source output amplitude variation is the difference Δ between the standard limit value A and the actual measured current value A0 of the interference signal; where A1 is the current value measured by the current monitoring probe in the previous cycle.
如果0.8＜(A0-A1)/Δ，则功率放大器没有进入非线性噪底区，则执行步骤五，否则，功率放大器进入非线性噪底区，则在此测试频点功率放大器输出信号强度不能满足标准极限值要求，直接跳下一频点。If 0.8<(A0 -A1 )/Δ, the power amplifier does not enter the nonlinear noise floor area, then go to step 5, otherwise, the power amplifier enters the nonlinear noise floor area, then the output signal of the power amplifier at this test frequency point If the strength cannot meet the standard limit value requirements, skip directly to the next frequency point.
步骤五、判断差值Δ是否满足阀值X的要求，即|Δ|＜X，若差值Δ满足阀值X的要求，则记录信号源输出幅度并进行下一频点调整；若差值Δ不满足阀值X的要求，则执行步骤六。所述的阀值X的单位为dB，其具体数值根据电磁辐射敏感度测试试验中所需要的测试精度设定，一般取值为0.1～0.5dB。Step 5. Determine whether the difference Δ meets the requirements of the threshold X, that is |Δ|<X, if the difference Δ meets the requirements of the threshold X, record the output amplitude of the signal source and adjust the next frequency point; if the difference If Δ does not meet the requirements of the threshold X, go to step six. The unit of the threshold X is dB, and its specific value is set according to the test accuracy required in the electromagnetic radiation sensitivity test, and generally takes a value of 0.1-0.5 dB.
步骤六、调整信号源输出幅度S＝S-Δ，同时循环次数加1，即i＝i+1，并令A1＝A0；
步骤七、将调整后的信号源输出幅度S进行输出，重复步骤二～步骤六，直到差值Δ满足阀值X的要求，即|Δ|＜X，则信号源调整完毕，继续进行下一频点的幅度调整。Step 7. Output the adjusted signal source output amplitude S, repeat steps 2 to 6 until the difference Δ meets the requirements of the threshold X, that is, |Δ|<X, then the signal source is adjusted and proceed to the next step The amplitude adjustment of the frequency point.
本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
1、减少试验测试的时间，提高试验的效率。1. Reduce test time and improve test efficiency.
2、以步进的方式使电流监测探头获得的干扰信号幅度向标准极限值靠拢，既保护了测试设备，又保证了测试的准确性。2. Make the interference signal amplitude obtained by the current monitoring probe close to the standard limit value in a step-by-step manner, which not only protects the test equipment, but also ensures the accuracy of the test.
3、通过快速判断功率放大器是否进入非线性噪底区，减少在非线性噪底区中增加信号输入的次数，保护功率放大器，延长功率放大器寿命。3. By quickly judging whether the power amplifier enters the nonlinear noise floor area, reduce the number of times of increasing signal input in the nonlinear noise floor area, protect the power amplifier, and prolong the life of the power amplifier.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是电磁兼容自动测试中传导敏感度试验框图；Figure 1 is a block diagram of conduction sensitivity test in EMC automatic test;
图2是功率放大器特性曲线；Fig. 2 is a power amplifier characteristic curve;
图3是现有确定判断功率放大器进入噪底区的方法流程图；Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an existing method for determining and judging that a power amplifier enters a noise floor area;
图4是本发明方法的流程图。Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明提供的方法进行详细说明。The method provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
本发明提供一种电磁辐射敏感度测试中判断功率放大器进入噪底区的方法，流程如图4所示，具体包括如下步骤：The present invention provides a method for judging that a power amplifier enters a noise floor area in an electromagnetic radiation sensitivity test, the process flow is shown in Figure 4, and specifically includes the following steps:
步骤一、将初始循环计数值设为i＝1。设定信号源初始输出幅度S，在不同的测试频点，信号源的初始输出幅度S的设定根据所采用电流注入探头的系数进行设定。
步骤二、信号源输出幅度S，读取电流监测探头测得的干扰信号的电流值A0，电流值A0使用单位为dBμA；Step 2, the signal source output amplitude S, read the current value A0 of the interference signal measured by the current monitoring probe, and the unit of the current value A0 is dBμA;
步骤三、根据GJB151A-97标准，计算标准极限值A与实际测得的干扰信号的电流值A0之间的差值Δ，即Δ＝A-A0，此时标准极限值A使用单位为dBμA，得到差值Δ的单位为dB。在电磁辐射敏感度测试试验中，所述的差值Δ与信号源需要调整的变化量在数值上相等。Step 3. According to the GJB151A-97 standard, calculate the difference Δ between the standard limit value A and the actual measured current value A0 of the interference signal, that is, Δ=AA0 . At this time, the unit of the standard limit value A is dBμA, The unit to obtain the difference Δ is dB. In the electromagnetic radiation sensitivity testing experiment, the difference Δ is numerically equal to the amount of change that needs to be adjusted by the signal source.
步骤四、判断循环次数i，根据循环次数i进行不同的操作：Step 4. Determine the number of cycles i, and perform different operations according to the number of cycles i:
(a)若i＝1，则执行步骤五；(a) If i=1, then execute step five;
(b)若i＞1，则先将测试得到的电流变化量(A0-A1)与信号源输出幅度变化量进行比较，判断功率放大器是否进入非线性噪底区。如果0.8＜(A0-A1)/Δ，则功率放大器没有进入非线性噪底区，则执行步骤五；(b) If i>1, first compare the measured current variation (A0 -A1 ) with the signal source output amplitude variation to determine whether the power amplifier has entered the nonlinear noise floor region. If 0.8<(A0 -A1 )/Δ, the power amplifier does not enter the nonlinear noise floor area, and then perform step five;
其中，A1为上一循环中电流监测探头测得的电流值。所述的电流变化量是指电流监测探头的当前测试的电流值与上一循环中的电流监测探头测试的电流值的差值，在每次循环的结束，都将当前的电流值赋值给上一循环中的电流值。Among them, A1 is the current value measured by the current monitoring probe in the previous cycle. The current variation refers to the difference between the current value tested by the current monitoring probe and the current value tested by the current monitoring probe in the previous cycle. At the end of each cycle, the current current value is assigned to the previous cycle. Current value in one cycle.
否则，功率放大器进入非线性噪底区，则在此测试频点功率放大器输出信号强度不能满足标准极限值的要求，跳下一频点。Otherwise, the power amplifier enters the nonlinear noise floor area, and the output signal strength of the power amplifier at this test frequency point cannot meet the requirements of the standard limit value, and the next frequency point is skipped.
步骤五、判断差值Δ是否满足阀值X的要求，即|Δ|＜X，若差值Δ满足阀值X的要求，则记录信号源输出幅度并进行下一频点调整；若差值Δ不满足阀值X的要求，则执行步骤六。所述的阀值X的单位为dB，其具体数值根据电磁辐射敏感度测试试验中所需要的测试精度设定，一般取值为0.1～0.5dB。Step 5. Determine whether the difference Δ meets the requirements of the threshold X, that is |Δ|<X, if the difference Δ meets the requirements of the threshold X, record the output amplitude of the signal source and adjust the next frequency point; if the difference If Δ does not meet the requirements of the threshold X, go to step six. The unit of the threshold X is dB, and its specific value is set according to the test accuracy required in the electromagnetic radiation sensitivity test, and generally takes a value of 0.1-0.5 dB.
步骤六、调整信号源输出幅度S＝S-Δ，同时循环次数加1，即i＝i+1，并令A1＝A0；
步骤七、将调整后的信号源输出幅度S进行输出，重复步骤二～步骤六，直到差值Δ满足阀值X的要求，即|Δ|＜X，则信号源调整完毕，继续进行下一频点的幅度调整。Step 7. Output the adjusted signal source output amplitude S, repeat steps 2 to 6 until the difference Δ meets the requirements of the threshold X, that is, |Δ|<X, then the signal source is adjusted and proceed to the next step The amplitude adjustment of the frequency point.
实施例Example
选取GJB151A-97中试验项目CS114，并按照曲线1作为标准极限值。在10MHz频点上，采用现有的方法进行判断时，若出现测量值高于极限值的情况，通过减小信号源输出幅度S，逐渐使电流监测探头监测的电流值A0逼近标准极限值A的过程，通常大于一次循环，若此频点仍可以调节至极限值，说明功率放大器没有进入非线性噪底区，若达到6次循环，说明进入非线性噪底区而结束循环，试验结束。Select the test item CS114 in GJB151A-97, and
采用本发明的方法，首先设置信号源初值S为-80dBm，通过电流注入探头将传导干扰信号注入到被试品的线缆上，同时电流监测探头获得的电流值用接收机来读取，此时接收机数据为电流值A0＝81dBμA。按照标准极限值应为A＝77dBμA，此时逐渐减小信号源输出幅度，在没有达到对信号源最小电平输出的限制时(一般选为-130dBm)，按照测量获得的差值Δ应减小4dB，此时信号源输出为-84dBm，接收机测得数据为A1＝80.5dBμA。计算0.8＜(A0-A1)/Δ是否成立，来判断是否进入功率放大器非线性噪底区。Using the method of the present invention, first set the initial value S of the signal source to be -80dBm, inject the conduction interference signal into the cable of the tested product through the current injection probe, and simultaneously read the current value obtained by the current monitoring probe with the receiver, At this time, the receiver data is the current value A0 =81dBμA. According to the standard limit value, it should be A=77dBμA. At this time, the output amplitude of the signal source is gradually reduced. When the limit of the minimum level output of the signal source is not reached (generally selected as -130dBm), the difference Δ obtained according to the measurement should be reduced 4dB less, at this time the signal source output is -84dBm, and the data measured by the receiver is A1 =80.5dBμA. Calculate whether 0.8<(A0 -A1 )/Δ holds true, to judge whether to enter the non-linear noise floor area of the power amplifier.
可以看出电流监测探头获得的被试品线缆感应电流值并没有按照功率放大器线性规律输出，减小的幅度不明显，这样判断功率放大器进入了噪底区。It can be seen that the induced current value of the cable under test obtained by the current monitoring probe is not output according to the linear law of the power amplifier, and the reduction range is not obvious, so it is judged that the power amplifier has entered the noise floor area.
通过上述实例比较可知，在同等条件下，测量循环的次数最多由6次减少到1次，即可判断功率放大器是否进入非线性噪底区，节省了单个频点的试验时间，从而提高了效率。对于精度要求更高的测试，在判断实测变化量A0-A1与计算变化量Δ之间的比值是否在某一范围(此处为0.8)内时，改变此范围即可改变测试的精度。按照该方法，减少不必要的信号输入，从而延长功率放大器的使用寿命。Through the comparison of the above examples, it can be seen that under the same conditions, the number of measurement cycles is reduced from 6 to 1 at most, and it can be judged whether the power amplifier enters the nonlinear noise floor area, which saves the test time of a single frequency point and improves the efficiency. . For tests that require higher precision, when judging whether the ratio between the measured variation A0 -A1 and the calculated variation Δ is within a certain range (0.8 here), changing this range can change the accuracy of the test . According to the method, unnecessary signal input is reduced, thereby prolonging the service life of the power amplifier.
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