CN102126088B - Double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint - Google Patents
Double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-jointDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint, belong to the hybrid Laser-Arc Welding field.
Background technology
Along with the development of the industry such as boats and ships, space flight and aviation and vehicle to large-tonnage and large carrying capacity direction, to the solder technology of thick plate structure, particularly the requirement of welding deformation control, property of welded joint and the welding efficiency of thick plate T-joint is more and more higher.
For the welding of thick plate T-joint, generally implement in the following way at present: 1, manual electric arc welding: it adopts CO2Gas shielded arc welding and submerged-arc welding are from joint both sides order welding, the defective that this method exists is: weld groove is larger, the deposited metals of weld seam is many, and the welding job amount is large, and when welding, need weld preheating, carbon arc air gouging back chipping, channeling, polishing and post weld heat treatment, postwelding rectification etc., operation is many, causes labor strength large, and welding deformation and stress large, welding efficiency is low, and welding quality is affected; 2, double sides double arc connects method: as Chinese patent " double sides double arc welding method ", publication number is CN1603045, open day is 2005.04.06, disclosed welding method has been simplified welding sequence with respect to manual electric arc welding, but the many problems of deposited metals large to the weld groove that exists, weld seam are not resolved, simultaneously it exists also that the electric arc fusion penetration is less, speed of welding needs the problem of multi-pass welding when reaching thick plates slowly, still has the problem that the welding job amount is large, stress deformation is wayward and welding efficiency is low.
Above-mentioned two kinds of arc-welding methods are in the welding of thick plate T-joint, because the defects that exists makes it be difficult to satisfy the requirement of modern industry welding quality and welding efficiency.Laser weld is due to the advantage such as have high-energy-density, low_input_power amount, high speed of welding, large depth-to-width ratio, weld heat-affected zone is narrow and welding deformation is little, and more and more is applied to the welding of thick plate T-joint.
Existing method for laser welding for T connector is: 1, adopt single laser beam from the panel of T connector penetrate welding or utilize single laser beam and two electric arc respectively from panel and joint both sides synchronous welding, as Chinese patent " laser-double arc double sided compound welding method of T connector ", publication number is CN101306492, open day is 2008.11.19, its disclosed welding method is feasible for light sheet T type joint, when adopting this method to carry out the welding of thick plate T-joint, can't form and penetrate welding; 2, adopt single laser beam or double laser beam to fill silk or fill out the powder solder technology, from T connector both sides order welding, this method welding efficiency is low, and strict to directive property and the welding process requirement of wire feed or powder feeding, welding process is unstable; And welding heat source is asymmetric, and stress deformation is wayward; 3, adopt double light beam laser respectively from T connector both sides synchronous welding, as Chinese patent " T connector double light beam laser synchronous welding method and device ", publication number is CN1586787, and open day is 2005.03.02, disclosed content; Perhaps laser-electric arc both sides synchronous welding, as Chinese patent " be used for T connector laser-electric arc both sides synchronous welding device ", publication number is CN201380364, open day is 2010.01.13, disclosed welder, although it has solved the welding heat source asymmetry problem, the powder feeding technological requirement is strict, the molten bath that laser forms is less, and the deposited metals amount is less.The problems such as in a word, existing method for laser welding has unique advantage aspect the light sheet T type joint welding, penetrates welding but all exist to form to some extent aspect thick plates, and wire feed or powder feeding technological requirement are very strict, and welding efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is not to be suitable for for the laser-double arc double sided compound welding method that solves existing T connector the problem of the welding of thick plate T-joint, a kind of double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint is provided.
The inventive method is arranged at two welding guns and two bundle laser beam mirror images the riser both sides of thick plate T-joint, carries out synchronous hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, in the process of described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding:
Welding gun is carried out arc welding near the position to be welded of thick plate T-joint, make the optical axis of laser beam and the axis of described welding gun be positioned at same plane, and all form the angle α of 10 °～50 ° with the panel of thick plate T-joint, form the angle β of 25 °～45 ° between the optical axis of this laser beam and the axis of this welding gun, and the space D of this laser beam between the wire tip of the incidence point on position to be welded and this welding gun is 2mm～6mm.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention is directed to the industry-wide thick plate T-joints such as boats and ships, space flight and aviation and vehicle, adopt double-sided laser-electric arc combined solder technology, solved that the welding sequence that exists in the welding method of present thick plate T-joint is many, the welding job amount is large, stress deformation is wayward, poor welding quality and the low problem of welding efficiency.
The inventive method in a molten bath, flows the molten bath more abundant in the composite heat power supply acting in conjunction of the riser both sides of thick plate T-joint, has reduced weld defect, and composition of weld line is even, has increased the fusion area, has improved the performance of welding point.In the riser bilateral symmetry welding of thick plate T-joint, weld seam cooling contraction simultaneously is conducive to the control of stress and distortion, has improved welding quality.The inventive method has reduced the carbon arc air gouging back chipping, channeling, and the operations such as polishing have shortened the work period, have improved welding efficiency.The speed of conventional arc welding is generally 0.12m/min～0.25m/min, the speed of the inventive method composite welding is generally between 1.0m/min～2.0cm/min, speed of welding has improved more than 4 times, the fusion penetration that next time welds in lower heat input situation can reach the 15mm left and right, has improved greatly welding efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is in welding method of the present invention, the position relationship schematic diagram between thick plate T-joint to be welded and welding gun and laser beam, and in figure, mark 4 is depicted as weld seam;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the K type groove of thick plate T-joint;
Fig. 3 is the weld seam pattern schematic diagram that carries out the thick plate T-joint after backing welding described in embodiment six;
Fig. 4 is the weld seam pattern schematic diagram that carries out backing welding described in embodiment six and fill the thick plate T-joint of postwelding;
Fig. 5 is for adopting the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the thick plate T-joint after conventional arc multi-layer multi-pass welding method is welded;
Fig. 6 is the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the thick plate T-joint after the single LASER BEAM WELDING of employing;
Fig. 7 is for adopting the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the thick plate T-joint after the two-sided complex welding method of laser-double T IG electric arc welds;
Fig. 8 is for adopting the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the thick plate T-joint after single laser beam order welding method is welded;
Fig. 9 is the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the thick plate T-joint after the both sides synchronous welding method welding of employing laser-electric arc;
Figure 10 is for adopting the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the thick plate T-joint after welding method of the present invention is welded.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is arranged at two welding guns 2 and two bundle laser beam 1 mirror images riser 32 both sides of thick plate T-joint, carry out synchronous hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, in the process of described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding:
Welding gun 2 is carried out arc welding near the position to be welded of thick plate T-joint, make the optical axis of laser beam 1 and the axis of described welding gun 2 be positioned at same plane, and all the panel 31 with thick plate T-joint forms the angle α of 10 °～50 °, form the angle β of 25 °～45 ° between the axis of the optical axis of this laser beam 1 and this welding gun 2, and the space D of this laser beam 1 between the wire tip of the incidence point on position to be welded and this welding gun 2 is 2mm～6mm.
Described laser beam 1 is implemented welding perpendicular to the panel 31 athwartship plane normal direction of thick plate T-joint, and described welding is carried out along the panel 31 athwartship plane normal direction of thick plate T-joint.
The described welding method of present embodiment relates to two bundle laser and two welding guns 2, wherein beam of laser and realizes laser-arc hybrid welding in industry to welding gun 2 in a side of thick plate T-joint, simultaneously, opposite side at thick plate T-joint is synchronously realized laser-arc hybrid welding in industry by another Shu Jiguang and another welding gun 2, thus, realized at the both sides of thick plate T-joint synchronous welding.With the T-shaped top panel of thick plate T-joint as panel 31, with another panel of thick plate T-joint as riser 32.
The specific embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is for to the further illustrating of embodiment one, and described angle α is 45 °; Described angle β is 30 °, and described space D is 3mm～4mm.Other is identical with embodiment one.
In solder technology, generally thickness is called thin plate less than the sheet material of 4mm, the sheet material of thickness between 4mm～12mm is called cut deal, and thickness is called slab greater than the sheet material of 12mm.Present embodiment is particularly suitable for riser 32 and all welding of the T connector between 12mm～15mm of panel 31 thickness, satisfies the thick plate T-joint of this thickness requirement before welding is carried out, needn't bevel on riser 32.As the xy plane, direction vertical with panel 31 on riser 32 is as the z direction of principal axis with the surface that joins with riser 32 on panel 31, and the axis of the axis of laser beam 1 and welding gun 2 and xy plane are 45 ° of angles.Described laser beam 1 is laser beam 1 perpendicular to the x axle perpendicular to the panel 31 athwartship plane normal direction of thick plate T-joint.
The specific embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, present embodiment is described, present embodiment before described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is carried out, is carried out groove processing to the position to be welded of thick plate T-joint for to the further illustrating of embodiment one.Other is identical with embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 2, present embodiment is further illustrating embodiment three, described groove is processed as the riser 32 both sides processing K type grooves at thick plate T-joint, the root face d of K type groove is 12mm～15mm, and the angle θ of K type groove is 10 °～30 °.Other is identical with embodiment three.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment is for to the further illustrating of embodiment four, and described welding method repeats n time, and n is natural number.Other is identical with embodiment four.
The specific embodiment six: in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 10, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is for to embodiment three, four or five further illustrate, and described angle α is 20 °; Described angle β is 30 °, and described space D is 3mm～4mm.Other and embodiment three, four or five identical.
Present embodiment is particularly suitable for riser 32 and panel 31 thickness all greater than the welding of the T connector of 15mm, thickness characteristics according to thick plate T-joint, need first riser 32 both sides processing K type grooves at thick plate T-joint, adopt the described welding method of embodiment four to carry out backing welding, as required, repeat to implement described step 1 and step 2, carry out once or repeatedly fill welding, make thick plate T-joint reach best welding effect.Before welding is carried out, thick plate T-joint can be fixed on fixture to be welded.
Shown in Figure 5, the seam groove of thick plate T-joint is K type groove, does not stay root face, and bevel angle θ is 50 °, can find out, the deposited metals of weld seam is many, needs to adopt multi-layer multi-pass welding, and the welding job amount is large, welding sequence is many, and stress deformation is wayward, and welding efficiency is low; Shown in Figure 6, it is to adopt single laser beam to penetrate welding from the panel 31 of thick plate T-joint, because sheet material is thicker, can't forms and penetrate welding; Shown in Figure 7, adopt single laser beam and two electric arc respectively from panel and joint both sides synchronous welding, because sheet material is thicker, also can't forms and penetrate welding; Shown in Figure 8, adopt single laser beam or dual-beam to fill silk or fill out the powder solder technology from joint both sides order welding, the welding of laser order can be found out by diagram, this method is difficult to keep welding point two side welds symmetrical, makes stress deformation wayward; Be difficult to simultaneously guarantee that two molten baths fuse together, easily produce pore and lack of penetration phenomenon, affect quality of weld joint; Shown in Figure 9, adopt laser-electric arc both sides synchronous welding, different with the arc heat input due to laser, welding point two side welds are asymmetric, cause the control difficulty increase of welding stress deformation.Figure 10 is for adopting the inventive method, the appearance of weld figure that carries out double-sided laser-electric arc combined synchronous welding from riser 32 both sides of thick plate T-joint, in described double-sided laser-electric arc combined welding process, laser and electric arc form composite heat power supply, laser makes welding process more stable to the guiding function of electric arc and electric arc to the pre-heat effect of workpiece, has improved greatly capacity usage ratio.The inventive method is compared with the traditional electrical arc-welding, the size reduction of weld groove, groove angle can be reduced to 30 ° by original 50 °, conventional arc welded seam groove is without root face, and the inventive method root face is 12mm～15mm, reduced weld metal cladding amount, saved wlding, thereby reduced cost.
The specific embodiment seven: present embodiment is for to embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six further illustrate, and described two bundle laser beams 1 are for being adopted light splitting technology to be divided into two bundle laser by a laser instrument, and forms with Optical Fiber Transmission; Perhaps launch respectively beam of laser bundle 1 by two laser instruments; Described laser beam 1 is YAG solid state laser, semiconductor laser or optical fiber laser; Described electric arc is welding electric arc (MIG) or metal active gas welding electric arc (MAG).Other and embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six identical.
The specific embodiment eight: present embodiment is for to embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six further illustrate, and the power of described laser instrument is 3kW～20kW; The electric current that described welding gun 2 produces electric arc is 100A～400A.Other and embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six identical.
Select different according to the thickness of thick plate T-joint of electric current of the power of laser instrument described in present embodiment and welding gun 2 generation electric arcs.
The specific embodiment nine: present embodiment is for to embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six further illustrate, and the gas flow of the protective gas of described welding gun 2 is between 15L/min～30L/min; In described welding method, the shield gas flow rate of laser weld is between 15L/min～30L/min.Other and embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six identical.
The described adopting parameters of present embodiment needs to select according to the thickness difference of thick plate T-joint.
The specific embodiment ten: present embodiment is for to embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six further illustrate, and the gage of wire that adopts in described welding method is between 1.0mm～1.6mm; The stem elongation degree of welding wire is between 15mm～25mm.Other and embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six identical.
The described adopting parameters of present embodiment needs to select according to the thickness difference of thick plate T-joint.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, can also be the reasonable combination of technical characterictic described in the respective embodiments described above.
Claims (10)
1. double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint, it is characterized in that: it is arranged at two welding guns (2) and two bundle laser beam (1) mirror images riser (32) both sides of thick plate T-joint, carry out synchronous hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, in the process of described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding:
Welding gun (2) is carried out arc welding near the position to be welded of thick plate T-joint, make the optical axis of laser beam (1) and the axis of described welding gun (2) be positioned at same plane, and all form the angle α of 10 °～50 ° with the panel (31) of thick plate T-joint, form the angle β of 25 °～45 ° between the axis of the optical axis of this laser beam (1) and this welding gun (2), and the space D of this laser beam (1) between the wire tip of the incidence point on position to be welded and this welding gun (2) is 2mm～6mm.
2. double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described angle α is 45 °; Described angle β is 30 °, and described space D is 3mm～4mm.
3. double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint according to claim 1, is characterized in that: before described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is carried out, groove processing is carried out at the position to be welded of thick plate T-joint.
4. double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described groove is processed as riser (32) the both sides processing K type groove at thick plate T-joint, the root face d of K type groove is 12mm～15mm, and the angle θ of K type groove is 10 °～30 °.
5. double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described welding method repeats n time, and n is natural number.
6. double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described angle α is 20 °; Described angle β is 30 °, and described space D is 3mm～4mm.
7. 2,3,4,5 or 6 described double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joints according to claim 1,, it is characterized in that: described two bundle laser beams (1) are restrainted laser for adopted light splitting technology to be divided into two by a laser instrument, and form with Optical Fiber Transmission; Perhaps launch respectively beam of laser bundle (1) by two laser instruments; Described laser instrument is YAG solid state laser, semiconductor laser or optical fiber laser; Described electric arc is welding electric arc or metal active gas welding electric arc.
8. double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the power of described laser instrument is 3kW～20kW; The electric current that described welding gun (2) produces electric arc is 100A～400A.
9. according to claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 described double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joints, it is characterized in that: the gas flow of the protective gas of described welding gun (2) is between 15L/min～30L/min; In described welding method, the shield gas flow rate of laser weld is between 15L/min～30L/min.
10. according to claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 described double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joints, it is characterized in that: the gage of wire that adopts in described welding method is between 1.0mm～1.6mm; The stem elongation degree of welding wire is between 15mm～25mm.
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| CN101306492B (en)* | 2008-05-26 | 2011-06-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser-double-arc double-sided compound welding method for T-joint |
| CN101474727A (en)* | 2009-01-16 | 2009-07-08 | 北京工业大学 | Laser-arc hybrid welding method of light sheet T type joint |
| CN101716701A (en)* | 2009-12-10 | 2010-06-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for realizing swing welding with laser-GMA electric arc hybrid welding device |
- 2011
- 2011-01-13CNCN 201110006606patent/CN102126088B/ennot_activeExpired - Fee Related
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