技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种电力输电线电流检测装置及其检测电流的方法，The invention relates to a power transmission line current detection device and a method for detecting current thereof.
尤其涉及一种类似于互感器的电流检测装置以及其检测电流的方法。In particular, it relates to a current detection device similar to a transformer and a current detection method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
目前国内所采用的电流互感器都是采用A/A转换方式，也就是说将一次电流装换为0-5A的方式。这种方式已经有了近百年的历史，该种电流互感器所存在的问题是：1、功耗大；2、耗用的钢材、铜材比较多；3、有变比关系；4、不能开路工作；5、过载易损坏。At present, the current transformers used in China all adopt the A/A conversion method, that is to say, the primary current is replaced with 0-5A. This method has a history of nearly a hundred years. The problems of this kind of current transformer are: 1. Large power consumption; 2. Consumed a lot of steel and copper; Open circuit work; 5. Overload is easy to damage.
尤其是前两点，目前，电力用户越来越多，造成互感器的使用量极大，而且目前的互感器需要几级变比，才能取出计量信号，也就是说，在每个用户端，还需要重复使用至少两级互感器。每个互感器中所用的铜材、硅钢片等导线、磁性材料很多，而这些材料，一方面成本大，另一方面会消耗电能。Especially the first two points. At present, there are more and more power users, resulting in a huge usage of transformers, and the current transformers need several levels of transformation ratio to take out the metering signal. That is to say, at each user end, It is also necessary to reuse at least two levels of transformers. There are many wires and magnetic materials such as copper and silicon steel sheets used in each transformer, and these materials cost a lot on the one hand and consume electric energy on the other hand.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对以上问题，提供了一种在确保能够实现互感器功能的前提下，金属材料利用少的数字式电流互感器及测量交流输电导线电流的方法。Aiming at the above problems, the present invention provides a digital current transformer with less metal materials and a method for measuring the current of an AC transmission wire under the premise of ensuring that the transformer function can be realized.
本发明的技术方案是：包括壳体、设置在壳体内的线圈，所述线圈包括用于供能的具有磁性骨架的线圈一、用于取样的具有非磁性骨架的线圈二和电流检测电路；所述电流检测电路包括放大器、模数转换器、处理器、数模转换器和电流数值显示表；所述线圈二连接放大器，给放大器提供取样电流数据；所述线圈一连接放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器，给放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器供能；所述线圈一和线圈二同心设置于壳体内。The technical solution of the present invention is: comprising a casing, a coil arranged in the casing, the coil includes a coil 1 with a magnetic skeleton for power supply, a coil 2 with a non-magnetic skeleton for sampling, and a current detection circuit; The current detection circuit includes an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, a processor, a digital-to-analog converter, and a current value display table; the second coil is connected to the amplifier to provide sampling current data to the amplifier; the first coil is connected to the amplifier, the processor, The digital-to-analog converter, the current value display table and the analog-to-digital converter supply energy to the amplifier, the processor, the digital-to-analog converter, the current value display table and the analog-to-digital converter; the coil one and the coil two are arranged concentrically in the housing .
所述线圈一通过一供能电路同放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器相连，所述供能电路包括桥式整流电路、电容器和稳压管，所述电容器和稳压管并接。The coil is connected to the amplifier, the processor, the digital-to-analog converter, the current value display table and the analog-to-digital converter through an energy supply circuit, and the energy supply circuit includes a bridge rectifier circuit, a capacitor and a voltage regulator tube, and the The capacitor and the Zener tube are connected in parallel.
利用本发明数字式电流互感器测量交流输电导线电流的方法是：The method that utilizes the digital current transformer of the present invention to measure the current of the AC transmission wire is:
1)、采用螺绕在非磁骨架上的线圈二感应交流输电导线在不同圆周上磁场强度差异形成的电势能，并将该微弱的电势能信号传输给取样电路；1), using coils wound on the non-magnetic skeleton to induce the electric potential energy formed by the difference in magnetic field strength on different circumferences of the AC transmission wire, and transmitting the weak electric potential energy signal to the sampling circuit;
2)、采用螺绕在磁性骨架上的线圈一采集交流输电导线的感应电流，并将该电流经整流、滤波提供给放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器，作为放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器的工作能源；2) Use a coil wound on the magnetic skeleton to collect the induced current of the AC transmission wire, and provide the current to the amplifier, processor, digital-to-analog converter, current value display table and analog-to-digital converter after rectification and filtering , as working energy for amplifiers, processors, digital-to-analog converters, current value displays and analog-to-digital converters;
3)、电势能信号经放大器放大后，传输给模数转换器，转换为数字信号；再传输给处理器，在处理器内预设换算程序，预设有换算程序的处理器将数字信号解算，并通过数模转换器转化为电流信号，传输给电流显示表，显示交流输电导线内的电流值。3), after the potential energy signal is amplified by the amplifier, it is transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter and converted into a digital signal; then transmitted to the processor, the conversion program is preset in the processor, and the processor with the conversion program preset converts the digital signal Calculate and convert it into a current signal through a digital-to-analog converter, and transmit it to the current display meter to display the current value in the AC transmission line.
本发明采用了另一种方式对电力传输的交流导线中的电流进行检测；采用一使用非磁性骨架绕制的线圈二进行取样，利用在不同磁场强度下的电势能差，采集在取样线圈的导线中产生的微弱电压降；再利用一具有很小磁性骨架的线圈一产生较大的电能，用于提供给电流检测电路。电流检测电路方法微弱的电压降信号，并解算该信号，最终通过换算程序，得出被测导线中的电流值。换算程序可以在设计时预算好，也可以通过一次或多次实测来得出换算的算式。本发明也可以不利用技术方案中的数字模式，而直接采用通过放大器输出模拟量，通过对模拟量的换算得出电流值。本发明具有如下特性：1、互感器无变比，输出既可为模拟量也可为数字量；2、电流互感器无需外加工作电源。The present invention adopts another way to detect the current in the AC wire for power transmission; adopts a coil 2 wound with a non-magnetic skeleton for sampling, utilizes the potential energy difference under different magnetic field strengths, and collects the current in the sampling coil The weak voltage drop generated in the wire; and then use a coil with a small magnetic skeleton to generate a large amount of electric energy, which is used to provide the current detection circuit. The current detection circuit measures the weak voltage drop signal, and solves the signal, and finally obtains the current value in the measured wire through the conversion program. The conversion program can be budgeted at the time of design, or the conversion formula can be obtained through one or more actual measurements. The present invention can also not use the digital mode in the technical solution, but directly use the output analog quantity through the amplifier, and obtain the current value by converting the analog quantity. The invention has the following characteristics: 1. The transformer has no transformation ratio, and the output can be either analog or digital; 2. The current transformer does not need an external working power supply.
本发明的工作原理是：当电流互感器一次侧通过电流时，电流互感器二次侧感应出交流电压值。当电压值与一次电流的大小成正比例线性关系上升。因为线圈绕制在一个非导磁骨架上，不会产生磁饱和现象，所有该互感器量程非常宽。互感器二次电压非常微小通过电子放大器放大，再由A/D转换成数字信号输出。The working principle of the invention is: when the primary side of the current transformer passes current, the secondary side of the current transformer induces an AC voltage value. When the voltage value is proportional to the magnitude of the primary current, the linear relationship rises. Because the coil is wound on a non-magnetic conductive frame, there will be no magnetic saturation, so the transformer has a very wide measuring range. The secondary voltage of the transformer is very small and amplified by an electronic amplifier, and then converted into a digital signal by A/D for output.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的内部线圈的立体图Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the internal coil of the present invention
图中1是导线，2是线圈一，21是线圈一的输出端，3是线圈二，31是线圈二的输出端；In the figure, 1 is a wire, 2 is coil one, 21 is an output end of coil one, 3 is coil two, and 31 is an output end of coil two;
图2是本发明内部线圈的第一种设置形式Fig. 2 is the first arrangement form of the internal coil of the present invention
图3是本发明内部线圈的第二种设置形式Fig. 3 is the second arrangement form of the internal coil of the present invention
图4是本发明中取能电路的示意图Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of energy-taking circuit in the present invention
图5是本发明中取样电路的示意图Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of sampling circuit in the present invention
图6是本发明实验测试的一次、二次电流关系表。Fig. 6 is a relational table of the primary and secondary currents tested in the experiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明如图1-5所示，包括壳体、设置在壳体内的线圈，所述线圈包括用于供能的具有磁性骨架的线圈一2、用于取样的具有非磁性骨架的线圈二3和电流检测电路；所述电流检测电路包括放大器、模数转换器、处理器、数模转换器和电流数值显示表；所述线圈二3的输出端31连接放大器，给放大器提供取样电流数据；所述线圈一2的输出端通过功能电路连接放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器，给放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器供能；所述线圈一2和线圈二3同心设置于壳体内。As shown in Figures 1-5, the present invention includes a casing and a coil arranged in the casing, and the coil includes a coil one 2 with a magnetic skeleton for power supply, and a coil two 3 with a non-magnetic skeleton for sampling and a current detection circuit; the current detection circuit includes an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, a processor, a digital-to-analog converter, and a current value display table; the output terminal 31 of the coil two 3 is connected to the amplifier, and provides sampling current data to the amplifier; The output terminal of described coil one 2 connects amplifier, processor, digital-to-analog converter, current value display table and analog-to-digital converter through functional circuit, to amplifier, processor, digital-to-analog converter, current value display table and analog-to-digital converter The converter supplies energy; the first coil 2 and the second coil 3 are concentrically arranged in the casing.
所述线圈一2的供能电路同放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器相连，所述供能电路包括桥式整流电路、电容器和稳压管，所述电容器和稳压管并接。The energy supply circuit of the coil one 2 is connected with the amplifier, processor, digital-to-analog converter, current value display table and analog-to-digital converter, and the energy supply circuit includes a bridge rectifier circuit, a capacitor and a voltage regulator tube, and the The capacitor and the Zener tube are connected in parallel.
其中线圈一2、线圈二3同心设置，相互间的内外位置关系如图2、3所示，无论哪个在内、那个在外，均能实现本发明。Wherein the first coil 2 and the second coil 3 are arranged concentrically, and the internal and external positional relationship between them is shown in Figures 2 and 3, no matter which one is inside or which one is outside, the present invention can be realized.
利用本发明数字式电流互感器测量交流输电导线1内电流的方法是：Utilize the digital current transformer of the present invention to measure the method for the current in the AC transmission wire 1 is:
1)、采用螺绕在非磁骨架上的线圈二3感应交流输电导线在不同圆周上磁场强度差异形成的电势能，并将该微弱的电势能信号传输给取样电路；体现为很弱的电流值。1), using coils 2 and 3 spirally wound on the non-magnetic skeleton to induce the electric potential energy formed by the difference in magnetic field strength of the AC transmission wire on different circumferences, and transmit the weak electric potential energy signal to the sampling circuit; embodied as a very weak current value.
2)、采用螺绕在磁性骨架上的线圈一2采集交流输电导线的感应电流，并将该电流经整流、滤波提供给放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器，作为放大器、处理器、数模转换器、电流数值显示表和模数转换器的工作能源；2) Collect the induced current of the AC transmission wire with the coil 1 wound on the magnetic skeleton, and provide the current to the amplifier, processor, digital-to-analog converter, current value display table and analog-to-digital conversion through rectification and filtering Device, as the working energy of amplifiers, processors, digital-to-analog converters, current value display meters and analog-to-digital converters;
3)、电势能信号(很弱的电流值)经放大器放大后，传输给模数转换器，转换为数字信号；再传输给处理器，在处理器内预设换算程序，预设有换算程序的处理器将数字信号解算，并通过数模转换器转化为电流信号，传输给电流显示表，显示交流输电导线内的电流值。3) After the potential energy signal (very weak current value) is amplified by the amplifier, it is transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter and converted into a digital signal; then transmitted to the processor, and the conversion program is preset in the processor, and the conversion program is preset The processor solves the digital signal, and converts it into a current signal through a digital-to-analog converter, and transmits it to the current display meter to display the current value in the AC transmission line.
本发明的意义在于：1、大量节省铜材、钢材，铜材只使用传统互感器铜材的30％，钢材只使用传统互感器的40％；2、物理量无失真数字传输，物理量的远距离传输。3、为实现数字化变电站提供互感器。The significance of the present invention is: 1. Save a lot of copper and steel materials. The copper materials only use 30% of the copper materials of traditional transformers, and the steel materials only use 40% of traditional transformers; transmission. 3. Provide transformers for the realization of digital substations.
本发明实施目标是：1、电压等级为10kV和400V；2、电流测量信号转换成电压后进行采集并进行数字式传输；3、可进行模拟输出或数字输出；4、绝缘性能好；5、重量轻、只有传统互感器重量的二分之一左右；6、量程宽可达0-1000A；7、传输无失真。The implementation goals of the present invention are: 1. The voltage level is 10kV and 400V; 2. The current measurement signal is converted into voltage and then collected and digitally transmitted; 3. Analog output or digital output can be performed; 4. Good insulation performance; 5. Light weight, only about half of the weight of traditional transformers; 6, wide range up to 0-1000A; 7, transmission without distortion.
实验情况说明Description of the experiment
设计出的10kV/400V电流互感器在外形尺寸上应与原来使用的电流互感器相仿，可直接替代现有使用的电流互感器使用，且功耗要小，保证能长时间稳定运行，信号采集应保证应有精度，信号传输要保证不失真，信号输出应采用数字量输出端口，传输距离能适应现场使用要求。The designed 10kV/400V current transformer should be similar to the original current transformer in appearance and size, and can directly replace the existing current transformer, and the power consumption should be small to ensure long-term stable operation and signal acquisition. The accuracy should be ensured, the signal transmission should be guaranteed to be undistorted, the signal output should use digital output ports, and the transmission distance can meet the requirements of on-site use.
性能要求performance requirements
1、量程0-1000A1. Range 0-1000A
2.精度1-0.5级2. Accuracy level 1-0.5
3、工作电压3.3V3. Working voltage 3.3V
4、工作温度-25℃～+55℃4. Working temperature -25℃～+55℃
5、功耗50mW5. Power consumption 50mW
6、数字量传输，传输距离4km6. Digital transmission, transmission distance 4km
7、相对湿度＜93％7. Relative humidity <93%
8、400V互感器耐压2000V8. 400V transformer withstand voltage 2000V
9、10kV互感器耐压48kV9. The withstand voltage of 10kV transformer is 48kV
10、可节约铜材70％，节约钢材60％10. It can save 70% of copper and 60% of steel
11、过载能力200％11. Overload capacity 200%
12、电流互感器工作安全，不怕开路和短路。12. The current transformer works safely and is not afraid of open circuit and short circuit.
实验结果如图6所示。The experimental results are shown in Figure 6.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910264427.1ACN102103156B (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2009-12-22 | Digital current transformer and method for measuring current of AC (Alternating Current) transmission conductor |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910264427.1ACN102103156B (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2009-12-22 | Digital current transformer and method for measuring current of AC (Alternating Current) transmission conductor |
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| CN102103156A CN102103156A (en) | 2011-06-22 |
| CN102103156Btrue CN102103156B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN200910264427.1AActiveCN102103156B (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2009-12-22 | Digital current transformer and method for measuring current of AC (Alternating Current) transmission conductor |
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| CN104101775A (en)* | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-15 | 优利德科技(中国)有限公司 | Current measuring circuit |
| CN104950155B (en)* | 2014-03-25 | 2019-03-15 | 利思电气（上海）有限公司 | A kind of self-powered type high-precision active electric current sensor |
| CN111679115A (en)* | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-18 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司大理局 | Detection method for working states of sensors of pincerlike ammeter and valve water cooling equipment |
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