CN102071926B - Method and device for measuring full-hole annular pressure and method and device for controlling same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for measuring full-hole annular pressure and a method and a device for controlling the same. The device for measuring the full-hole annular pressure comprises a pressure measurement nipple, a measurement while drilling (MWD) tool, a ground receiving unit, a drilling fluid density generating unit, a cyclic pressure consumption generating unit, a drilling fluid flow generating unit, a pressure distribution information generating unit and a pressure distribution information output unit, wherein the pressure measurement nipple is used for measuring the annular pressure; the MWD tool is used for measuring an orientation parameter and transmitting the measured data to ground; the ground receiving unit is used for receiving underground uploaded data; the drilling fluid density generating unit generates equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to back pressure and static annular pressure; the cyclic pressure consumption generating unit generates annular cyclic pressure consumption according to the back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and dynamic annular pressure; the drilling fluid flow generating unit generates annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular cyclic pressure consumption and a hydraulic model; and the pressure distribution information generating unit generates annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the back pressure and the like. The problem of annular pressure distribution data-based fine pressure control drilling operation is solved.

Description

A kind of full well section annular pressure measuring method, device and control method and device

Technical field

The present invention is about the dynamic well borehole annular pressure distribution measuring technology in oil, the natural pneumatic drill completion practice, about Real-Time Monitoring and the full well section dynamic annular pressure distribution measurement technology of bore hole annulus pressure in the controlled pressure drilling, be a kind of full well section annular pressure measuring method, device and control method and device specifically particularly.

Background technology

Controlled pressure drilling is a kind of self adaptation drilling technology of accurately controlling whole bore hole annulus pressure distribution in drilling process by closed-loop system.Controlled pressure drilling returns well head through the shaft bottom from annular space and forms a closed-loop system from the well head to the hydrophthalmia, compare with the system of independent adjustment drilling fluid density and drilling fluid pump discharge capacity, has stronger and more accurate borehole pressure distribution control ability.Controlled pressure drilling is considered as a pressure vessel with the circulation of fluid system, by the intense adjustment to annular pressure, make the annular pressure of Open-Hole Section between pore pressure (or caving pressure) and fracture pressure, the needs that adapt to the drilling well of the narrow pressure window of bad ground, thereby safety is bored and is reached target zone, reduce nonproductive time, reduce drilling cost.

Yet the inventor finds in finishing process of the present invention, and in the prior art, it is to utilize the rheological model computation cycles to press consumption to try to achieve that annular pressure distributes, and it is for a kind of drilling liquid parameter, and result of calculation depends on rheological model and the rheological parameter that adopts.And in the actual well drilled process, the variation of drilling fluid density, the variation of the difference of the inside and outside fluid density of pipe, fluctuation, rate of penetration, rotating speed and the rheological parameter etc. of discharge capacity all will affect annular pressure.Therefore, rely on merely Model Calculating Method to be difficult to obtain accurate annular pressure, real-time annular pressure distribution results also can't be provided.

In addition, in the prior art, annular pressure distributes and also can utilize annular pressure measurement while drilling instrument, in drilling process with the variation point-to-point measurement annular pressure of well depth.Although the method can record the annular pressure value of certain depth point real-time and accurately, can't measure simultaneously the dynamic annular pressure distribution data of full well section of a certain moment.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of full well section annular pressure measuring method, device and control method and device, to solve the problem of carrying out the controlled pressure drilling operation according to accurate annular pressure distributed data.

One of purpose of the present invention is, a kind of full well section annular pressure measuring method is provided, and the method comprises: measure the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and start dynamic annular pressure under the circulation of drilling fluid state; Measure the ground back pressure, calculate the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to ground back pressure and static annular pressure; Generate the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure; Measure the drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; According to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and comprise that the well data of well depth, borehole size calculate to generate the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure; With full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output.

One of purpose of the present invention is, a kind of full well section annular pressure measurement mechanism is provided, and this device comprises: the pressure measxurement pipe nipple is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state; The drilling fluid density generation unit is used for measuring the ground back pressure, calculates the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to ground back pressure and static annular pressure; The cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure; The mud flow rate generation unit is used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determines hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculates generation annular space mud flow rate according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; The pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure; The pressure distribution information output unit is with full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output.

One of purpose of the present invention is, a kind of annular pressure control method is provided, and the method comprises: measure the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and start dynamic annular pressure under the circulation of drilling fluid state; Measure the ground back pressure, calculate the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to ground back pressure and static annular pressure; Generate the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure; Measure the drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; According to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and comprise that the well data of well depth, borehole size calculate to generate the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure; Distributed intelligence controls to adjust the dynamic annular pressure in the controlled pressure drilling operation according to full well section annular pressure.

One of purpose of the present invention is, a kind of annular pressure control apparatus is provided, and this device comprises: the pressure measxurement pipe nipple is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state; The drilling fluid density generation unit is used for measuring the ground back pressure, calculates the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to ground back pressure and static annular pressure; The cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure; The mud flow rate generation unit is used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determines hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculates generation annular space mud flow rate according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; The pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure; The annular pressure regulon, distributed intelligence controls to adjust the dynamic annular pressure in the controlled pressure drilling operation according to full well section annular pressure.

One of purpose of the present invention is, a kind of annular pressure measurement mechanism is provided, and this device comprises: pressure measxurement pipe nipple (PWD), measurement while drilling instrument (MWD) and ground system, and PWD is connected with MWD, MWD and ground system communication connection; Wherein, PWD comprises: the annular pressure sensor is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state; Data transmission unit, be used for comprising static annular pressure and dynamic annular pressure in interior underground survey data upload to MWD;

MWD comprises: the orientation parameter measuring unit is used for the underground survey data such as measuring well oblique angle and azimuth; The data receiver unit receives data and ground control signal from PWD; The data upload unit is used for various underground survey data upload to ground.

Ground system comprises: the ground receiving element is used for receiving the various underground survey data that MWD uploads; The drilling fluid density generation unit is used for measuring the ground back pressure, according to the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of static annular pressure calculating generation of ground back pressure and reception; The cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to the dynamic annular calculation of pressure of ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and reception; The mud flow rate generation unit is used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determines hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculates generation annular space mud flow rate according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; The pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure; The pressure distribution information output apparatus is with full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the measured result that utilizes PWD, in conjunction with preferred wellbore hydraulics model, calculate equivalent drilling fluid density and discharge capacity, and then the method for calculating annular pressure distribution, the dynamic annular pressure distribution data of full well section have effectively been measured, the result that these dynamic annular pressure distribution data are based on real-time measurement and meet law of physics.The present invention can be in time and is accurately described full well section annular pressure distribution situation, and the controlled pressure drilling operation is carried out in distributed intelligence better according to full well section annular pressure.

Description of drawings

In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the below will do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the full well section of embodiment of the invention annular pressure measuring method flow chart;

Fig. 2 is the full well section of embodiment of the invention annular pressure measurement mechanism structured flowchart;

Fig. 3 is embodiment of the invention annular pressure control method flow chart;

Fig. 4 is embodiment of the invention annular pressure control apparatus flow chart;

Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the invention is based on the full well section annular pressure measurement mechanism structured flowchart of PWD and MWD;

Fig. 6 is the controlled pressure drilling sealing fluid circulating system schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 7 is that the embodiment of the invention is based on the full well section annular pressure measuring method flow chart of PWD and MWD.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite.

Embodiment 1

As shown in Figure 1, the full well section annular pressure measuring method of the present embodiment comprises: measure static annular pressure and the dynamic annular pressure (step S101) that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state; Measure the ground back pressure, calculate generation equivalent annular space drilling fluid density (step S102) according to ground back pressure and static annular pressure; Generate annular space cyclic pressure dissipation (step S103) according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure; Adopt rotary viscosity measuring drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate (step S104) according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; According to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and comprise that the well data of well depth, borehole size calculate to generate full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence (step S105); With full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output (step S106).For example:

When suspending a well liquid recurrent state, establishing and recording the annular space static pressure is p_As, corresponding ground pipeline back pressure is p_Bs, then

p_as＝ρ_agh+p_bs (1)

Wherein, ρ_aBe annular space equivalence drilling fluid density, h is sensor measurement point vertical depth, and g is acceleration of gravity.Can calculate annular space equivalence drilling fluid density ρ by (1)_a

When recovering circulation (starting the circulation of drilling fluid state), establishing and recording annular pressure is p_a, corresponding ground pipeline back pressure is p_b, then

p_a＝p_h+Δp_a+p_b (2)

Wherein, p_hBe head of liquid, Δ p_aBe the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation.

p_h＝ρ_agh(L)(3)

According to hydraulic principle, the fundamental formular that annular pressure lost calculates is:

$\mathrm{\Δ}{p}_a=\frac{2f{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{a}L{v}_a^2}{D_h-D_p}---\left(4\right)$

Wherein, v_aBe the annular space mean flow rate, L is the well segment length, D_hAnd D_pRepresent respectively well internal diameter and drill string external diameter.

F is the coefficient of friction resistance, and the Reynolds number when flowing with drilling fluid is relevant, that is:

f＝F(R_e)(5)

(5) in the formula, drilling fluid is under the different flow regimes such as laminar flow, turbulent flow, transition flow, and the design formulas of coefficient of friction resistance f is different.The differentiation of drilling fluid state is by Reynolds number R_eSize determine.

To different drilling fluid flow patterns, its Reynolds number R_eDesign formulas also different.

R_e＝G(ρ_a，v_a)(6)

Determining and can carrying out simple regression to various reheology models (Ben-Hur, power law, He-Ba, Carson etc.) pattern by the shearing stress of rotation viscometer under different shear rate of drilling fluid flow pattern selected the large reheology model of index of correlation to carry out hydraulics and calculated.

$v_a=\frac{4Q_a}{\mathrm{\π}(D_h^2-D_p^2)}---\left(7\right)$

Wherein, Q_aBe the annular space flow.

Therefore, computational methods and the step of the present embodiment proposition are as follows:

(1) calculates annular space equivalence drilling fluid density ρ_a: the static annular pressure p that measures when suspending circulating fluid according to drilling well_AsWith the ground pipeline back pressure of correspondence be p_Bs, calculate annular space drilling fluid density ρ by formula (1)_a

(2) the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p of computation and measurement point_a: can calculate the vertical depth h (L) at annular space survey mark L place according to well deviational survey data by minimum-curvature method or radius-of-curvature method etc., calculate annular space head of liquid p by formula (3)_h

According to circulation time, recording annular pressure is p_a, corresponding ground pipeline back pressure is p_b, calculated the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p of survey mark by formula (2)_a

(3) calculate actual annular space mud flow rate Q_a:

1, according to the reading that records under the rotation viscometer different rotating speeds, preferred drilling fluid flow pattern;

2, press borehole size and drilling tool structure, annular space is carried out segmentation, determine every section annular space geometric parameter D_h, D_pAnd L;

3, in a range of flow, suppose a flow Q_a, calculate the grading ring idle loop by (3)-(7) formula and press consumption Δ p_Ai, and then try to achieve total annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p_a, finish actual annular space mud flow rate Q with iteration technique_aCalculating, until Δ p_aThe Δ p that goes out with Actual measurement_aEquate.

(4) calculate dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L): according to different well depth L, bore hole annulus size, drilling fluid density ρ_a, mud flow rate Q_a, ground back pressure p_bDeng calculating dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L) with the situation of change of well depth.

(5) the dynamic annular pressure of check Open-Hole Section: according to the dynamic annular pressure distribution p that calculates_a(L), judge that the dynamic annular pressure of Open-Hole Section is whether in the authouized pressure scope.If not in the safe pressure scope, can reach the purpose of adjusting dynamic annular pressure by regulating ground back pressure, pumpage or drilling fluid density, guarantee to creep into safely, avoid occurring down hole problem and accident.

Embodiment 2

As shown in Figure 2, the full well section annular pressure measurement mechanism of the present embodiment comprises: pressure measxurement pipe nipple 101 is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state; Drilling fluid density generation unit 102 is used for measuring the ground back pressure, calculates the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to ground back pressure and static annular pressure; Cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit 103 is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure; Mud flow rate generation unit 104 is used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determines hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculates generation annular space mud flow rate according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; Pressure distribution information generating unit 105 is used for calculating according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure; Pressure distribution information output unit 106 is with full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output.For example:

Static annular pressure p when pressure measxurement pipe nipple 101 is measured drilling well time-out circulating fluid_AsGround pipeline back pressure corresponding to ground back pressure instrumentation amount is p_Bs, calculate annular space drilling fluid density ρ by drilling fluid density generation unit 102 according to formula (1)_a

Can calculate the vertical depth h (L) at annular space survey mark L place according to well deviational survey data by minimum-curvature method or radius-of-curvature method etc., calculate annular space head of liquid p by formula (3)_hAccording to circulation time, it is p that pressure measxurement pipe nipple 101 records annular pressure_a, corresponding ground pipeline back pressure is p_b, cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit 103 calculates the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p of survey mark according to formula (2)_a

Mud flow rate generation unit 104 is used for calculating actual annular space mud flow rate Q_a, comprising:

1, according to the reading that records under the rotation viscometer different rotating speeds, preferred drilling fluid flow pattern;

2, press borehole size and drilling tool structure, annular space is carried out segmentation, determine every section annular space geometric parameter D_h, D_pAnd L;

3, in a range of flow, suppose a flow Q_a, calculate the grading ring idle loop by (3)-(6) formula and press consumption Δ p_Ai, and then try to achieve total annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p_a, finish actual annular space mud flow rate Q with iteration technique_aCalculating, until Δ p_aThe Δ p that goes out with Actual measurement_aEquate.

Pressure distribution information generating unit 105 is according to different well depth L, bore hole annulus size, drilling fluid density ρ_a, mud flow rate Q_a, ground back pressure p_bDeng calculating dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L) with the situation of change of well depth.

Pressure distribution information output unit 106 is with dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L) output

The present embodiment can be according to the dynamic annular pressure distribution p of pressure distribution information output unit 106 calculating_a(L), judge that the dynamic annular pressure of Open-Hole Section is whether in the authouized pressure scope.If not in the safe pressure scope, can reach the purpose of adjusting dynamic annular pressure by regulating ground back pressure, pumpage or drilling fluid density, guarantee to creep into safely, avoid occurring down hole problem and accident.

Embodiment 3

As shown in Figure 3, the annular pressure control method of the present embodiment comprises: measure static annular pressure and the dynamic annular pressure (step S201) that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state; Measure the ground back pressure, calculate generation equivalent annular space drilling fluid density (step S202) according to ground back pressure and static annular pressure; Generate annular space cyclic pressure dissipation (step S203) according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure; Measure the drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate (step S204) according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; According to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and comprise that the well data of well depth, borehole size calculate to generate full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence (step S205); Distributed intelligence controls to adjust (step S206) to the dynamic annular pressure in the controlled pressure drilling operation according to full well section annular pressure.Circular and step that the present embodiment proposes are as follows:

(1) calculates annular space equivalence drilling fluid density ρ_a: the static annular pressure p that measures when suspending circulating fluid according to drilling well_AsWith the ground pipeline back pressure of correspondence be p_Bs, calculate annular space drilling fluid density ρ by formula (1)_a

(2) the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p of computation and measurement point_a: can calculate the vertical depth h (L) at annular space survey mark L place according to well deviational survey data by minimum-curvature method or radius-of-curvature method etc., calculate annular space head of liquid p by formula (3)_h

According to circulation time, recording annular pressure is p_a, corresponding ground pipeline back pressure is p_b, calculated the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p of survey mark by formula (2)_a

(3) calculate actual annular space mud flow rate Q_a:

1, according to the reading that records under the rotation viscometer different rotating speeds, preferred drilling fluid flow pattern;

2, press borehole size and drilling tool structure, annular space is carried out segmentation, determine every section annular space geometric parameter D_h, D_pAnd L;

3, in a range of flow, suppose a flow Q_a, calculate the grading ring idle loop by (3)-(7) formula and press consumption Δ p_Ai, and then try to achieve total annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p_a, finish actual annular space mud flow rate Q with iteration technique_aCalculating, until Δ p_aThe Δ p that goes out with Actual measurement_aEquate.

(4) calculate dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L): according to different well depth L, bore hole annulus size, drilling fluid density ρ_a, mud flow rate Q_a, ground back pressure p_bDeng calculating dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L) with the situation of change of well depth.

(5) the dynamic annular pressure of check Open-Hole Section: according to the dynamic annular pressure distribution p that calculates_a(L), judge that the dynamic annular pressure of Open-Hole Section is whether in the authouized pressure scope.If not in the safe pressure scope, can reach the purpose of adjusting dynamic annular pressure by regulating ground back pressure, pumpage or drilling fluid density, guarantee to creep into safely, avoid occurring down hole problem and accident.

Embodiment 4

As shown in Figure 4, the annular pressure control apparatus of the present embodiment comprises: pressure measxurement pipe nipple 201 is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state; Drilling fluid density generation unit 202 is used for measuring the ground back pressure, calculates the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to ground back pressure and static annular pressure; Cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit 203 is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure; Mud flow rate generation unit 204 is used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determines hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculates generation annular space mud flow rate according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; Pressure distribution information generating unit 205 is used for calculating according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure; Annular pressure regulon 206, distributed intelligence controls to adjust the dynamic annular pressure in the controlled pressure drilling operation according to full well section annular pressure.For example:

Static annular pressure p when pressuremeasxurement pipe nipple 201 is measured drilling well time-out circulating fluid_AsGround pipeline back pressure corresponding to ground back pressure instrumentation amount is p_Bs, calculate annular space drilling fluid density ρ by drilling fluiddensity generation unit 202 according to formula (1)_a

Can calculate the vertical depth h (L) at annular space survey mark L place according to well deviational survey data by minimum-curvature method or radius-of-curvature method etc., calculate annular space head of liquid p by formula (3)_hAccording to circulation time, recording annular pressure by pressuremeasxurement pipe nipple 201 is p_a, corresponding ground pipeline back pressure is p_b, cyclic pressuredissipation generation unit 203 calculates the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p of survey mark according to formula (2)_a

Mud flowrate generation unit 204 is used for calculating actual annular space mud flow rate Q_a, comprising:

1, according to the reading that records under the rotation viscometer different rotating speeds, preferred drilling fluid flow pattern;

2, press borehole size and drilling tool structure, annular space is carried out segmentation, determine every section annular space geometric parameter D_h, D_pAnd L;

3, in a range of flow, suppose a flow Q_a, calculate the grading ring idle loop by (3)-(6) formula and press consumption Δ p_Ai, and then try to achieve total annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p_a, finish actual annular space mud flow rate Q with iteration technique_aCalculating, until Δ p_aThe Δ p that goes out with Actual measurement_aEquate.

Pressure distributioninformation generating unit 205 is according to different well depth L, bore hole annulus size, drilling fluid density ρ_a, mud flow rate Q_a, ground back pressure p_bDeng calculating dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L) with the situation of change of well depth.Output dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L).

Annular pressure regulon 206 receives dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L), and according to dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L), judge that the dynamic annular pressure of Open-Hole Section is whether in the authouized pressure scope.If not in the safe pressure scope, can reach the purpose of adjusting dynamic annular pressure by regulating ground back pressure, pumpage or drilling fluid density, guarantee to creep into safely, avoid occurring down hole problem and accident.

Embodiment 5

As shown in Figure 5, the annular pressure measurement mechanism of the present embodiment comprises: pressure measxurement pipe nipple 300 (PWD), measurement while drilling instrument 400 (MWD) andground system 500, and PWD is connected with MWD, MWD andground system 500 communication connections; Wherein, PWD comprises:annular pressure sensor 301 is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state;Data transmission unit 302 is used for comprising static annular pressure and dynamic annular pressure passes to MWD in interior underground survey data;

MWD comprises: orientationparameter measuring unit 401 is used for the data such as measuring well oblique angle and azimuth;Data receiver unit 402 receives data and ground control signal from PWD; Data uploadunit 403 is used for various underground survey data upload to ground.

Ground system comprises 500:ground receiving element 501 is used for receiving the various underground survey data that MWD uploads; Drilling fluiddensity generation unit 502 is used for measuring the ground back pressure, according to the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of static annular pressure calculating generation of ground back pressure and reception; Cyclic pressuredissipation generation unit 503 is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to the dynamic annular calculation of pressure of ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and reception; Mud flowrate generation unit 504 is used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determines hydraulic model according to the drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculates generation annular space mud flow rate according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model; Pressure distributioninformation generating unit 505 is used for calculating according to equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure; Pressure distributioninformation output unit 506 is with full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output.

The annular pressure measurement mechanism of the present embodiment by the in real time dynamic/static annular pressure measurement result in the drilling process, calculates full well section dynamic annular pressure distribution situation in conjunction with preferred rheological model, to instruct the regulation and control of MPD bore hole annulus pressure.

As shown in Figure 6, except the common drilling equipments such as rig, controlled pressure drilling needs the fluid circulating system of a sealing, and this system's basic configuration comprises: chokemanifold 13,backpressure pump 12,flowline 14,trip tank 16,solid control equipment 15,mud pit 17,pressure meter 10, slush pump 11.In order to realize measuring with boring annular pressure, the down-hole also needs to equip measurement-while-drilling system, and basic configuration comprises: positive pulse generator 1, drive pipe nipple 2, batterysleeve pipe nipple 3, directionfinder pipe nipple 4, up and down data connector 5, battery and circuit 6, data readback interface 7,annular pressure sensor 8, hydrophthalmia pressure sensor 9 (being the post pressure sensor) etc.

As shown in Figure 7, ground arranges the parameters such as sampling interval of PWD instrument, and post pressure sensor and annular pressure sensor are housed on the PWD, is respectively applied to measure the inside and outside drilling fluid fluid pressure of drill string.In the drilling process, under the suspending a well liquid recurrent states such as stacks, utilize the static annular space annular pressure of annular pressure sensor measurement P_As(be used for calculating annular space drilling fluid equivalent density ρ_a); Utilize the drill string pressure sensor can measure static post internal pressure P_Is(be used for calculating drilling fluid equivalent density ρ in the post_i).After turn on pump recovers circulation of drilling fluid, utilize respectively annular pressure sensor and post pressure sensor to measure the dynamic annular pressure p_AdWith dynamic column internal pressure p_IdAt first, utilize static state that MWD records PWD, dynamic pressure data upload to ground, the pipeline back pressure p of the corresponding actual measurement of combined ground_b, finish correlation computations.Its computational methods are to calculate equivalent annular space drilling fluid density according to the static annular pressure of actual measurement and ground back pressure meter 10 first, again according to the drilling fluid rotation viscometer reading preferred streams varying model that records under the different rotating speeds condition, determine corresponding cyclic pressure dissipation design formulas, and then can try to achieve the equivalent annular space circulation discharge capacity that equates with the down-hole dynamic annular pressure of surveying, calculate at last the dynamic annular pressure distribution data of full well section according to data such as actual measurement hole trajectory data, drilling tool structure and well physical dimensions.Then, determine whether adjusting ground back pressure, drilling fluid density or discharge capacity according to pore pressure/caving pressure and the fracture pressure of Open-Hole Section, to protect positive security implementation drillng operation, avoid occurring down hole problem and accident, bore smoothly fast and reach target zone.For example, in the present embodiment:

Static annular pressure p whenannular pressure sensor 301 is measured drilling well time-out circulating fluid_AsThe ground pipeline back pressure p that back pressure instrumentation amount is corresponding_Bs, the static annular pressure p thatdata transmission unit 302 will measure_AsThe equal pressure survey data uploads to MWD, calculates annular space drilling fluid density ρ by drilling fluiddensity generation unit 502 according to formula (1)_a

Can calculate the vertical depth h (L) at annular space survey mark L place according to well deviational survey data by minimum-curvature method or radius-of-curvature method etc., calculate annular space head of liquid p by formula (3)_hCirculation time records annular pressure p byannular pressure sensor 301_a,data transmission unit 302 will comprise the annular pressure p that measures_aThe equal pressure survey data uploads to MWD, if the ground pipeline back pressure of the correspondence of back pressure instrumentation amount is p_b, cyclic pressuredissipation generation unit 503 calculates the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p of survey mark according to formula (2)_a

Mud flowrate generation unit 504 is used for calculating actual annular space mud flow rate Q_a, comprising:

1, according to the reading that records under the rotation viscometer different rotating speeds, preferred drilling fluid flow pattern;

2, press borehole size and drilling tool structure, annular space is carried out segmentation, determine every section annular space geometric parameter D_h, D_pAnd L;

3, in a range of flow, suppose a flow Q_a, calculate the grading ring idle loop by (3)-(6) formula and press consumption Δ p_Ai, and then try to achieve total annular space cyclic pressure dissipation Δ p_a, finish actual annular space mud flow rate Q with iteration technique_aCalculating, until Δ p_aThe Δ p that goes out with Actual measurement_aEquate.

Pressure distributioninformation generating unit 505 is according to different well depth L, bore hole annulus size, drilling fluid density ρ_a, mud flow rate Q_a, ground back pressure p_bDeng calculating dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L) with the situation of change of well depth.

Pressure distributioninformation output unit 506 is with dynamic annular pressure distribution p_a(L) output

The present embodiment can be according to the dynamic annular pressure distribution p of pressure distributioninformation output unit 506 calculating_a(L), judge that the dynamic annular pressure of Open-Hole Section is whether in the authouized pressure scope.If not in the safe pressure scope, can reach the purpose of adjusting dynamic annular pressure by regulating ground back pressure, pumpage or drilling fluid density, guarantee to creep into safely, avoid occurring down hole problem and accident.

Drillng operation is the process of a complexity, calculate the physical quantitys such as closely-related drilling fluid density, discharge capacity constantly changes in time with annular pressure, and be subject to well kick, leakage, return impacts such as considering efficient to be worth doing, be difficult to obtain on ground reliable real time data, utilize separately in this case the wellbore hydraulics design formulas, can't obtain reliable conclusion because calculated data is inaccurate.Rely on separately PWD can only accurately measure certain constantly annular pressure of a bit, and can not measure the dynamic annular pressure distribution data of full well section.Along with the carrying out of drilling well, variation has all occured in drilling fluid density, discharge capacity etc., can not describe annular pressure with the distribution situation of well depth according to former measurement result.The present invention utilizes the measured result of PWD instrument, in conjunction with preferred wellbore hydraulics model, calculate equivalent drilling fluid density and discharge capacity, and then the method for calculating annular pressure distribution, the problems referred to above have effectively been solved, can obtain based on real-time measurement and meet the result of law of physics, more in time and accurately to describe full well section annular pressure distribution situation, instruct better the controlled pressure drilling operation.

Used specific embodiment in the embodiment of the invention principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the thought of the embodiment of the invention, all will change on the specific embodiment and range of application and material, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a full well section annular pressure measuring method is characterized in that, described method comprises:

Measure static annular pressure and the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state;

Measure the ground back pressure, calculate the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to described ground back pressure and static annular pressure;

Generate the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to described ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure;

Measure the drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to described drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate according to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model;

According to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and comprise that the well data of well depth, borehole size calculate to generate the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure;

With described full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output.

2. a full well section annular pressure measurement mechanism is characterized in that, described device comprises:

The pressure measxurement pipe nipple is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state;

The drilling fluid density generation unit is used for measuring the ground back pressure, calculates the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to described ground back pressure and static annular pressure;

The cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to described ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure;

The mud flow rate generation unit, be used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to described drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate according to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model;

The pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating according to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure;

The pressure distribution information output unit is with described full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output.

3. an annular pressure control method is characterized in that, described method comprises:

Measure static annular pressure and the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state;

Measure the ground back pressure, calculate the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to described ground back pressure and static annular pressure;

Generate the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to described ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure;

Measure the drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to described drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate according to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model;

According to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and comprise that the well data of well depth, borehole size calculate to generate the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure;

Distributed intelligence controls to adjust the dynamic annular pressure in the controlled pressure drilling operation according to described full well section annular pressure.

4. an annular pressure control apparatus is characterized in that, described device comprises:

The pressure measxurement pipe nipple is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state;

The drilling fluid density generation unit is used for measuring the ground back pressure, calculates the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of generation according to described ground back pressure and static annular pressure;

The cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to described ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and dynamic annular calculation of pressure;

The mud flow rate generation unit, be used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to described drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate according to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model;

The pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating according to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure;

The annular pressure regulon, distributed intelligence controls to adjust the dynamic annular pressure in the controlled pressure drilling operation according to described full well section annular pressure.

5. an annular pressure measurement mechanism is characterized in that, described device comprises: pressure measxurement pipe nipple PWD, measurement while drilling instrument MWD and ground system, and described PWD is connected with MWD, described MWD and ground system communication connection; Wherein,

Described PWD comprises:

The annular pressure sensor is used for measuring the static annular pressure under the suspending a well liquid recurrent state and measures the dynamic annular pressure that starts under the circulation of drilling fluid state;

Data transmission unit is used for comprising described static annular pressure and dynamic annular pressure passes to described MWD in interior underground survey data;

Described MWD comprises:

The orientation parameter measuring unit is used for measurement and comprises hole angle and azimuthal underground survey data;

The data receiver unit receives underground survey data and ground control signal from PWD;

The data upload unit is used for the underground survey data upload to ground;

Described ground system comprises:

The ground receiving element is used for receiving the underground survey data that MWD uploads;

The drilling fluid density generation unit is used for measuring the ground back pressure, according to the equivalent annular space drilling fluid density of static annular pressure calculating generation of described ground back pressure and reception;

The cyclic pressure dissipation generation unit is used for generating the annular space cyclic pressure dissipation according to the dynamic annular calculation of pressure of described ground back pressure, equivalent annular space drilling fluid density and reception;

The mud flow rate generation unit, be used for measuring the drilling fluid rheology performance, determine hydraulic model according to described drilling fluid rheology performance, and calculate generation annular space mud flow rate according to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space cyclic pressure dissipation and hydraulic model;

The pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating according to described equivalent annular space drilling fluid density, annular space mud flow rate, ground back pressure and the well data that comprises well depth, borehole size and generates the distributed intelligence of full well section annular pressure;

The pressure distribution information output unit is with described full well section annular pressure distributed intelligence output.

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