CN102069905A - tilt wing helicopter - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

倾斜翼直升机，属于直升机制造技术领域。包括机体、左、右主发动机、左、右旋翼、左、右摆动电机和机载飞行设备，其特征在于设有由左、右中心轮，左、右行星轮，左、右系杆分别构成左、右旋翼的传动机构；左、右主发动机，左、右中心轮，左、右摆动电机，左、右系杆分别安装在机体的两侧，主发动机与中心轮驱动连接，行星轮与旋翼为一体式结构，中心轮与行星轮啮合，摆动电机与系杆连接，行星轮支撑在系杆上。本发明驱动旋翼高速旋转的发动机固定在直升机的机体上，发动机靠近直升机的重心布置，机翼支撑刚度高，振动和噪声小，倾斜翼直升机在垂直起飞和水平飞行之间变换时，可以实现旋翼的高速旋转和低速摆动，提高直升机的飞行速度。

A tilt-wing helicopter belongs to the technical field of helicopter manufacturing. It includes the body, left and right main engines, left and right rotors, left and right swing motors and airborne flight equipment, and is characterized in that it is composed of left and right center wheels, left and right planetary wheels, and left and right tie rods. The transmission mechanism of the left and right rotors; the left and right main engines, the left and right center wheels, the left and right swing motors, the left and right tie rods are respectively installed on both sides of the body, the main engine is connected with the drive of the center wheel, and the planetary gear is connected with the center wheel. The rotor has an integrated structure, the center wheel meshes with the planetary gear, the swing motor is connected with the tie rod, and the planetary gear is supported on the tie rod. The engine that drives the rotor to rotate at high speed in the present invention is fixed on the body of the helicopter, the engine is arranged close to the center of gravity of the helicopter, the wing support rigidity is high, the vibration and noise are small, and the rotor can be realized when the tilt-wing helicopter changes between vertical takeoff and horizontal flight. The high-speed rotation and low-speed swing improve the flying speed of the helicopter.

Description

Translated fromChinese

倾斜翼直升机tilt wing helicopter

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种新型倾斜翼直升机，尤其是直升机螺旋桨部分的结构，属于直升机制造技术领域。The invention relates to a novel tilt-wing helicopter, in particular to the structure of the helicopter propeller part, and belongs to the technical field of helicopter manufacturing.

背景技术Background technique

直升机主要由机体和旋翼、发动机、传动机构以及机载飞行设备等组成。旋翼一般由涡轮轴发动机或活塞式发动机通过由传动轴及减速器等组成的机械传动系统来驱动。直升机发动机驱动旋翼提供升力，把直升机举托在空中，通过称为“倾斜盘”的机构可以改变直升飞机的旋翼的桨叶角，从而实现旋翼周期变距，以此改变旋翼旋转平面不同位置的升力来实现改变直升机的飞行姿态，再以升力方向变化改变飞行方向。Helicopter is mainly composed of body and rotor, engine, transmission mechanism and airborne flight equipment. The rotor is generally driven by a turboshaft engine or a piston engine through a mechanical transmission system composed of a transmission shaft and a reducer. The helicopter engine drives the rotor to provide lift and lift the helicopter in the air. The blade angle of the helicopter's rotor can be changed through a mechanism called "swash plate", thereby realizing the variable pitch of the rotor cycle, so as to change the different positions of the rotor rotation plane The lift force is used to change the flight attitude of the helicopter, and then the flight direction is changed by the change of the lift force direction.

为弥补传统直升机速度低的不足，人们通常采取如下办法：①采用复合结构^[1]，在直升机的尾部增加一个矢量推进装置以增加直升机平飞的的速度，飞行速度的提高是以较大幅度地增加直升机重量为前提的；②倾转旋翼机，这种结构比较成功的是美国的V-22“鱼鹰”，它在翼尖装配了可旋转90°的发动机短舱及旋翼系统，它在垂直起飞和水平飞行之间变换时，直升机的机翼不转动，但驱动旋翼的发动机要在垂直——水平之间位置摆动，由于驱动旋翼的发动机重量比较大，且发动机短舱及旋翼系远离重心，因此，在高速飞行时，就容易造成旋翼与机翼耦合的颤振问题，这同样限制了倾转旋翼机的飞行速度(参见参考文献^[1-5])。In order to make up for the low speed of traditional helicopters, people usually adopt the following methods: ①Use a composite structure^[1] , add a vector propulsion device at the tail of the helicopter to increase the speed of the helicopter in level flight, and the flight speed is increased by a large margin. The premise is to increase the weight of the helicopter as much as possible; ②The tilt rotor aircraft, the more successful of this structure is the V-22 "Osprey" of the United States, which is equipped with an engine nacelle and a rotor system that can rotate 90° at the wingtip. When changing between vertical take-off and horizontal flight, the wings of the helicopter do not rotate, but the engine driving the rotor must swing between vertical and horizontal positions, because the weight of the engine driving the rotor is relatively large, and the engine nacelle and the rotor system are far away from each other. Therefore, when flying at high speed, it is easy to cause the flutter problem of coupling between the rotor and the wing, which also limits the flight speed of the tiltrotor (see references^[1-5] ).

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的就是针对现有的直升机存在的上述不足，提供一种实现旋翼的高速旋转和低速摆动的新型倾斜翼的直升机。Purpose of the present invention is exactly to the above-mentioned deficiency that existing helicopter exists, provides a kind of helicopter that realizes the high-speed rotation of rotor and the novel inclined-wing of low-speed swing.

本发明的目的是这样实现的，倾斜翼直升机，包括机体、左、右主发动机、左、右旋翼、左、右摆动电机和机载飞行设备，其特征在于设有由左、右中心轮，左、右行星轮，左、右系杆分别构成左、右旋翼的传动机构；左、右主发动机，左、右中心轮，左、右摆动电机，左、右系杆分别安装在机体的两侧，主发动机与中心轮驱动连接，行星轮与旋翼为一体式结构，中心轮与行星轮啮合，摆动电机与系杆连接，行星轮支撑在系杆上。The object of the present invention is achieved like this, tilt-wing helicopter, comprises body, left and right main engine, left and right rotor, left and right swing motor and airborne flight equipment, is characterized in that being provided with by left and right central wheel, The left and right planetary gears, the left and right tie rods constitute the transmission mechanisms of the left and right rotors respectively; the left and right main engines, the left and right center wheels, the left and right swing motors, and the left and right tie rods are respectively installed on the two sides of the body. On the side, the main engine is driven and connected to the center wheel, the planetary wheel and the rotor are integrated, the center wheel meshes with the planetary wheel, the swing motor is connected to the tie rod, and the planetary wheel is supported on the tie rod.

所述的主发动机与中心轮之间设有主减速器连接。A final reducer is connected between the main engine and the sun wheel.

所述的摆动电机与系杆之间设有摆动减速器连接。A swing reducer is connected between the swing motor and the tie rod.

本发明的特点为：①在起飞阶段，直升机旋翼的轴线是垂直于地面，螺旋桨提供向上的升力；②在前飞阶段，直升机旋翼的轴线向前倾斜，螺旋桨提供前飞的动力；③新型的倾斜翼结构可以保证旋翼的轴线在摆动过程中，驱动浆叶高速旋转的发动机壳体固定在飞机的机体上；④新型的倾斜翼结构可以保证驱动浆叶高速旋转的发动机靠近飞机轴线布置。The characteristics of the present invention are: 1. in the take-off stage, the axis of the helicopter rotor is perpendicular to the ground, and the propeller provides upward lift; 2. in the forward flight stage, the axis of the helicopter rotor is tilted forward, and the propeller provides the power of the forward flight; 3. the novel The inclined-wing structure can ensure that the engine housing that drives the blades to rotate at high speed is fixed on the aircraft body during the swing process of the axis of the rotor; ④ the new inclined-wing structure can ensure that the engine that drives the blades to rotate at high speed is arranged close to the axis of the aircraft.

特点①、②可以提高直升机的飞行速度，美国的V-22“鱼鹰”虽然具有上述特点①、②，但不具备上述特点③、④，具体的说，V-22“鱼鹰”旋翼的轴线摆动过程中，驱动浆叶高速旋转的发动机要绕飞机的机身摆动，摆动发动机不仅需要消耗能量，且不利于飞机刚度的提高；V-22驱动浆叶高速旋转的发动机要安装在飞机机翼两边的最远端，如同人水平伸直两臂举哑铃，在飞行中，容易引起飞机机翼的颤抖，影响了飞行速度的进一步提高。新型倾斜翼直升机由于具备了特点③、④，和美国的V-22“鱼鹰”相比，具有倾斜翼结构刚度高、重量轻的优点，更有利于实现直升机的高速运动。Features ① and ② can increase the flying speed of the helicopter. Although the American V-22 "Osprey" has the above-mentionedfeatures ① and ②, it does not have the above-mentioned features ③ and ④. Specifically, the axis of the V-22 "Osprey" swings During the process, the engine driving the high-speed rotation of the blades has to swing around the fuselage of the aircraft. Swinging the engine not only consumes energy, but also is not conducive to the improvement of the stiffness of the aircraft; the V-22 engine that drives the high-speed rotation of the blades should be installed on both sides of the aircraft wings The farthest end of the plane is like a person lifting a dumbbell with his arms extended horizontally. During flight, it is easy to cause the wings of the aircraft to tremble, which affects the further improvement of the flight speed. Compared with the American V-22 "Osprey", the new tilt-wing helicopter has the advantages of high rigidity and light weight, which is more conducive to the high-speed movement of the helicopter.

本发明可以实现旋翼的高速旋转和低速摆动，其优点：(1)新型倾斜翼直升机在垂直起飞和水平飞行之间变换时，驱动旋翼高速旋转的发动机固定在直升机的机体上(而V-22“鱼鹰”驱动旋翼的发动机是绕直升机的机体做摆动)；(2)驱动旋翼高速旋转的发动机靠近直升机的重心布置(而V-22“鱼鹰”驱动旋翼的发动机是远离直升机的重心)。本发明的优点(1)、(2)决定了机翼支撑刚度高于V-22“鱼鹰”，有助于克服V-22“鱼鹰”存在的机翼耦合的颤振问题，为进一步提高直升机的飞行速度提供了保证。The present invention can realize the high-speed rotation and low-speed swing of rotor, and its advantage: (1) when novel tilt-wing helicopter changes between vertical take-off and horizontal flight, the engine that drives rotor high-speed rotation is fixed on the body of helicopter (and V-22 (2) the engine driving the rotor high-speed rotation is arranged near the center of gravity of the helicopter (and the engine of the V-22 "Osprey" driving the rotor is away from the center of gravity of the helicopter). Advantages (1) and (2) of the present invention determine that the wing support stiffness is higher than that of V-22 "Osprey", which helps to overcome the flutter problem of the wing coupling that V-22 "Osprey" exists, in order to further improve the helicopter The flight speed is guaranteed.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

图中：1机体、2左摆动电机、3左摆动减速器、4左系杆、5左旋翼、6左行星轮、7左中心轮、8左主减速器、9左主发动机、10右主发动机、11右主减速器、12右中心轮、13右行星轮、14右旋翼、15右系杆、16右摆动电机、17右摆动减速器。In the figure: 1 body, 2 left swing motor, 3 left swing reducer, 4 left tie rod, 5 left rotor, 6 left planetary wheel, 7 left center wheel, 8 left main reducer, 9 left main engine, 10 right main Engine, 11 right main reducer, 12 right center wheel, 13 right planetary gear, 14 right rotor, 15 right tie rod, 16 right swing motor, 17 right swing reducer.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1所示，倾斜翼直升机由机体、左、右主发动机、左、右旋翼、左、右摆动电机和机载飞行设备及左、右旋翼的传动机构等构成。左主发动机9安装在直升机的机体1上，左主发动机9和左中心轮7相连接，左中心轮7安装在机体上1并和左行星轮6相啮合，左行星轮6和左旋翼5为同一个构件(将左行星轮6和左旋翼5加工成一体结构)，左摆动电机2安装在机体1并和左系杆4连接，左系杆4安装在机体1上并支撑左行星轮6；右主发动机10安装在直升机的机体1上，右主发动机10和右中心轮12相连接，右中心轮12安装在机体上1并和右行星轮13相啮合，右行星轮13和右旋翼14为同一个构件(将右行星轮13和右旋翼14加工成一体结构)，右系杆15安装在机体1上并支撑右行星轮13；左主发动机9通过左主减速器8和左中心轮7相连接，左摆动电机2通过左摆动减速器3和左系杆4连接；右主发动机10通过右主减速器11和右中心轮12相连接，右摆动电机16通过右摆动减速器17和右系杆15连接。运用减速器的目的是增加输出力矩。As shown in Figure 1, the tilt-wing helicopter consists of a body, left and right main engines, left and right rotors, left and right swing motors, airborne flight equipment, and transmission mechanisms for left and right rotors. The leftmain engine 9 is installed on the body 1 of the helicopter, the leftmain engine 9 is connected with the left center wheel 7, the left center wheel 7 is installed on the body 1 and meshed with the left planetary wheel 6, the left planetary wheel 6 and the left rotor 5 It is the same component (the left planetary gear 6 and the left rotor 5 are processed into an integrated structure), theleft swing motor 2 is installed on the body 1 and connected with the left tie rod 4, and the left tie rod 4 is installed on the body 1 and supports the left planetary wheel 6; the rightmain engine 10 is installed on the body 1 of the helicopter, the rightmain engine 10 is connected with theright center wheel 12, theright center wheel 12 is installed on the body 1 and meshes with the rightplanetary wheel 13, the rightplanetary wheel 13 and the right Therotor 14 is the same member (the rightplanetary gear 13 and theright rotor 14 are processed into an integrated structure), theright tie rod 15 is installed on the body 1 and supports the rightplanetary gear 13; the leftmain engine 9 passes through the left main reducer 8 and the left The center wheel 7 is connected, theleft swing motor 2 is connected with the left tie rod 4 through the left swing reducer 3; the rightmain engine 10 is connected with theright center wheel 12 through the rightfinal reducer 11, and theright swing motor 16 is connected through theright swing reducer 17 is connected withright tie rod 15. The purpose of using the reducer is to increase the output torque.

坐标建立：Coordinates build:

两旋翼的连线和直升机机身轴线为坐标原点o，直升机机身轴线为x轴，z轴垂直于地面，用右手法则确定y轴。The line connecting the two rotors and the axis of the helicopter fuselage is the coordinate origin o, the axis of the helicopter fuselage is the x-axis, the z-axis is perpendicular to the ground, and the y-axis is determined by the right-hand rule.

工作原理：working principle:

在直升机起飞阶段，左旋翼5和右旋翼14的轴线垂直于地面；左主发动机9通过左主减速器8驱动左中心轮7高速旋转，左中心轮7驱动左行星轮6高速旋转，左行星轮6带动左旋翼5高速旋转，从而产生向上的升力；右主发动机10通过右主减速器11驱动右中心轮12高速旋转，右中心轮12驱动右行星轮13高速旋转，右行星轮13带动右旋翼14高速旋转，同样产生向上的升力；为保证左旋翼5和右旋翼14产生的扭力相互抵消(扭力在xoy平面内不利于直升机飞行)，左主发动机9和右主发动机10的转速相反，且左旋翼5和右旋翼14是一对正、反奖。在直升机平飞阶段，左摆动电机2驱动左系杆4摆动，左系杆4带动左行星轮6摆动，左行星轮6带动左旋翼5的轴线向前倾斜；同样，右摆动电机16驱动右系杆15摆动，右系杆15带动右行星轮13摆动，右行星轮13带动右旋翼14的轴线向前倾斜；前倾斜的左旋翼5和右旋翼14产生前飞的动力。During the take-off stage of the helicopter, the axes of the left rotor 5 and theright rotor 14 are perpendicular to the ground; the leftmain engine 9 drives the left center wheel 7 to rotate at high speed through the left final reducer 8, and the left center wheel 7 drives the left planetary wheel 6 to rotate at a high speed, and the left planet The wheel 6 drives the left rotor 5 to rotate at a high speed, thereby generating upward lift; the rightmain engine 10 drives theright center wheel 12 to rotate at a high speed through the rightfinal reducer 11, and theright center wheel 12 drives the rightplanetary wheel 13 to rotate at a high speed, and the rightplanetary wheel 13 drives Theright rotor 14 rotates at a high speed, which also produces upward lift; in order to ensure that the torsional forces produced by the left rotor 5 and theright rotor 14 cancel each other (torque is not conducive to helicopter flight in the xoy plane), the rotational speeds of the leftmain engine 9 and the rightmain engine 10 are opposite , and the left rotor 5 and theright rotor 14 are a pair of positive and negative prizes. In the level flight stage of the helicopter, theleft swing motor 2 drives the left tie rod 4 to swing, the left tie rod 4 drives the left planetary wheel 6 to swing, and the left planetary wheel 6 drives the axis of the left rotor 5 to tilt forward; similarly, theright swing motor 16 drives theright Tie rod 15 swings, andright tie rod 15 drives rightplanetary wheel 13 to swing, and rightplanetary wheel 13 drives the axis ofright rotor 14 to tilt forward; The left rotor 5 andright rotor 14 of forward tilt produce the power of flying forward.

参考文献references

[1]知远.世界各国的杂交直升机：速度追求的复合.[1] Zhiyuan. Hybrid helicopters from all over the world: Compounding in the pursuit of speed.

http://mil.news.sohu.com/20081210/n260949419.shtml.2008年12月10日。http://mil.news.sohu.com/20081210/n260949419.shtml. December 10, 2008.

[2]Hyeonsoo Yeo，Wayne Johnson，Hyeonsoo Yeo，Wayne Johnso.Performance and Design Investigation of Heavy Lift Tilt-Rotor with Aerodynamic Interference Effects[J].Journal of aircraft，2009，46(4)：1440-1449。[2] Hyeonsoo Yeo, Wayne Johnson, Hyeonsoo Yeo, Wayne Johnson. Performance and Design Investigation of Heavy Lift Tilt-Rotor with Aerodynamic Interference Effects [J]. Journal of aircraft, 2009, 46(4): 1440-1449.

[3]Martin D Maisel，Demo J.Giulianeti，Daniel C.Dugan.The History of the XV-15Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft：From Concept to Flight.NASA SP-2000-4517。[3] Martin D Maisel, Demo J.Giulianeti, Daniel C.Dugan. The History of the XV-15Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft: From Concept to Flight. NASA SP-2000-4517.

[4]岳海龙，夏品奇.倾转旋翼机前飞动力学稳定性分析[J].航空动力学报，2007，(11)。[4] Yue Hailong, Xia Pinqi. Stability analysis of tiltrotor forward flight dynamics [J]. Journal of Aerodynamics, 2007, (11).

[5]徐进，高正.适合机动飞行的旋翼气动模型研究[J].航空动力学报，2008，(01)。[5] Xu Jin, Gao Zheng. Research on rotor aerodynamic model suitable for maneuvering flight [J]. Journal of Aerodynamics, 2008, (01).

Claims (3)

Translated fromChinese

1.倾斜翼直升机，包括机体、左、右主发动机、左、右旋翼、左、右摆动电机和机载飞行设备，其特征在于设有由左、右中心轮，左、右行星轮，左、右系杆分别构成左、右旋翼的传动机构；左、右主发动机、左、右中心轮、左、右摆动电机、左、右系杆分别安装在机体的两侧，主发动机与中心轮驱动连接，行星轮与旋翼为一体结构，中心轮与行星轮啮合，摆动电机与系杆连接，行星轮支撑在系杆上。1. Tilt-wing helicopter, comprising body, left and right main engines, left and right rotors, left and right swing motors and airborne flight equipment, is characterized in that it is provided with left and right center wheels, left and right planetary wheels, left and right The left and right tie rods respectively constitute the transmission mechanism of the left and right rotors; the left and right main engines, the left and right center wheels, the left and right swing motors, the left and right tie rods are respectively installed on both sides of the body, the main engine and the center wheel Drive connection, the planetary gear and the rotor are integrally structured, the center wheel meshes with the planetary gear, the swing motor is connected with the tie rod, and the planetary gear is supported on the tie rod.2.根据权利要求1所述的倾斜翼直升机，其特征在于所述的主发动机与中心轮之间设有主减速器连接。2. The tilt-wing helicopter according to claim 1, characterized in that a main reducer is connected between the main engine and the center wheel.3.根据权利要求1所述的倾斜翼直升机，其特征在于所述的摆动电机与系杆之间设有摆动减速器连接。3. The tilt-wing helicopter according to claim 1, characterized in that a swing reducer is connected between the swing motor and the tie rod.

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