CN102056468B - Condensing and radiating heating panel - Google Patents
Condensing and radiating heating panelDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于微重力环境下航天器热控系统的散热装置，具体涉及的是一种基于毛细自循环式的冷凝辐射散热板。The invention relates to a heat dissipation device for a spacecraft thermal control system in a microgravity environment, in particular to a capillary self-circulation-based condensation radiation heat dissipation plate.
背景技术Background technique
可靠高效的热控系统是保障航天飞行器安全飞行的首要前提之一，随着航天飞行器制造技术的迅捷发展，其机载电子、电器设备的热可靠性指标也越来越苛刻，这就对机载换热器件的散热能力、航天器表面的散热性能提出了更高的要求。传统的依靠消耗泵功来进行热量传递的散热装置，由于运动部件的存在，大大增加了对航天器热控系统的难度要求，迫切需要发展无泵驱动便能实现热量传递的散热系统。空间微重力环境中，由于重力的缺失，汽液分界面导致的表面张力将成为两相流动的主要作用力。A reliable and efficient thermal control system is one of the primary prerequisites for ensuring the safe flight of aerospace vehicles. With the rapid development of aerospace vehicle manufacturing technology, the thermal reliability indicators of its on-board electronic and electrical equipment are becoming more and more stringent. Higher requirements are put forward for the heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange device and the heat dissipation performance of the spacecraft surface. Due to the existence of moving parts, the traditional cooling device that relies on the consumption of pump power for heat transfer greatly increases the difficulty of the thermal control system of the spacecraft. It is urgent to develop a cooling system that can realize heat transfer without pump drive. In the space microgravity environment, due to the lack of gravity, the surface tension caused by the vapor-liquid interface will become the main force of the two-phase flow.
为此，本发明提供了一种自回流冷凝相变辐射散热器，该散热器利用流体工质在热源处吸热产生蒸发相变，然后在冷凝辐射面冷凝，释放出的热量可直接通过辐射散发至太空。另外，为强化冷凝辐射面内表面冷凝相变传热，将冷凝辐射面内表面进行表面改性技术处理，以实现冷凝辐射面内表面上形成可持续的珠状凝结；为改善冷凝辐射散热器的辐射表面条件，将辐射面设计成自仿射分形结构表面，以最大限度的提高辐射散热面面积，进而达到在微重力条件下高效、安全、稳定地进行对外辐射散热。For this reason, the present invention provides a self-reflux condensing phase-change radiation radiator, which utilizes the fluid working fluid to absorb heat at the heat source to produce an evaporation phase transition, and then condenses on the condensation radiation surface, and the released heat can be directly passed through the radiation Distributed into space. In addition, in order to strengthen the condensation phase change heat transfer on the inner surface of the condensation radiation surface, the inner surface of the condensation radiation surface is treated with surface modification technology to realize sustainable bead condensation on the inner surface of the condensation radiation surface; in order to improve the condensation radiation radiator The radiation surface is designed to be a self-affine fractal structure surface to maximize the area of the radiation heat dissipation surface, and then achieve efficient, safe and stable external radiation heat dissipation under microgravity conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种冷凝辐射散热板，通过在散热板内部填充多孔泡沫蜂窝结构吸液芯实现毛细热驱动，同时，将面向太空的冷凝辐射面内表面进行超疏水技术处理成疏水层，将面向太空的冷凝辐射面外表面设计成具有随机自仿射分形结构特征的表面，来实现在无泵驱动条件下的高效扩散飞行器内机载电器设备产生的热量，进而保证航天飞行器内机载设备的高效、安全、稳定运行。The invention provides a condensing and radiating heat dissipation plate, which realizes capillary thermal drive by filling a porous foam honeycomb structure liquid-absorbing core inside the heat dissipation plate, and at the same time, super-hydrophobicizes the inner surface of the condensing radiation surface facing space to form a hydrophobic layer, and The outer surface of the condensing radiation surface in space is designed as a surface with random self-affine fractal structure characteristics to realize the efficient diffusion of heat generated by the airborne electrical equipment in the aircraft under the condition of no pump drive, thereby ensuring the safety of the airborne equipment in the aerospace vehicle. Efficient, safe and stable operation.
技术方案Technical solutions
为解决航空航天器在微重力条件下高效散热要求和热量传递无泵驱动需求的双重难题，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to solve the dual problems of high-efficiency heat dissipation requirements and heat transfer without pump drive requirements of aerospace vehicles under microgravity conditions, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种冷凝辐射散热板，由中空导热面板、毛细结构和气液两相流体构成，所述的毛细结构由烧结芯和吸液芯组成，所述的烧结芯衬于所述的中空导热面板的内表面四周及其受热面的内侧表面，所述的吸液芯填充于所述的中空导热面板的中空部分并与所述的烧结芯紧密连接，所述的气液两相流体浸于所述的吸液芯和烧结芯的孔隙结构中，其特征在于：所述的中空导热面板的辐射面内侧表面设置有疏水层，该疏水层与所述的吸液芯紧密相连，所述的辐射冷凝面外表面为分形表面，所述的分形表面为自仿射分形结构表面，至少具有2级的凹凸结构；所述的吸液芯结构为多孔泡沫蜂窝结构。A condensing radiation heat dissipation plate, which is composed of a hollow heat conduction panel, a capillary structure and a gas-liquid two-phase fluid, the capillary structure is composed of a sintered core and a liquid-absorbing core, and the sintered core is lined inside the hollow heat conduction panel Around the surface and the inner surface of the heating surface, the liquid-absorbing core is filled in the hollow part of the hollow heat-conducting panel and closely connected with the sintered core, and the gas-liquid two-phase fluid is immersed in the In the pore structure of the liquid-absorbing core and the sintered core, it is characterized in that: the inside surface of the radiation surface of the hollow heat conduction panel is provided with a hydrophobic layer, and the hydrophobic layer is closely connected with the liquid-absorbing core, and the radiation condensation surface The outer surface is a fractal surface, and the fractal surface is a self-affine fractal structure surface with at least two levels of concave-convex structure; the liquid-absorbing core structure is a porous foam honeycomb structure.
散热板内蒸汽在冷凝辐射面内表面冷凝时，若采用普通的壁面，一般情况下，在辐射面内表面发生膜状冷凝，这样，壁面总是被一层液膜覆盖着，凝结放出的相变热（潜热）必须穿过液膜才能传到冷却壁面上去。这样，液膜层会成为换热的主要热阻。本发明将中空导热面板的冷凝辐射面内表面进行改性技术处理，通过超疏水特性表面的生成来实现连续持续的珠状凝结，生成都冷凝液通过毛细结构及时抽吸回到受热面。珠状冷凝的表面传热系数要比其他条件相同的膜状凝结大几倍甚至大一个数量级，进而达到强化冷凝相变传热的目的。所述的超疏水特性表面的制备可采用两种方法：一是在粗糙表面修饰低表面能的物质；二是在疏水性表面构建粗糙结构。可采用的制备技术有：气相沉淀法、纳米二氧化硅掺杂法、溶胶-凝胶法、电化学法、激光刻蚀法、静电纺丝法等。When the steam in the cooling plate is condensed on the inner surface of the condensation radiation surface, if an ordinary wall surface is used, in general, film condensation occurs on the inner surface of the radiation surface, so that the wall surface is always covered by a layer of liquid film, and the phase released by condensation The heating (latent heat) must pass through the liquid film to be transferred to the cooling wall. In this way, the liquid film layer will become the main thermal resistance of heat transfer. In the present invention, the inner surface of the condensation radiation surface of the hollow heat conduction panel is modified by technology, and the continuous bead-like condensation is realized through the generation of the super-hydrophobic surface, and the generated condensate is sucked back to the heating surface in time through the capillary structure. The surface heat transfer coefficient of bead condensation is several times or even an order of magnitude larger than that of film condensation under the same conditions, thereby achieving the purpose of enhancing condensation phase change heat transfer. Two methods can be used to prepare the super-hydrophobic surface: one is to modify the low surface energy substance on the rough surface; the other is to construct a rough structure on the hydrophobic surface. The preparation techniques that can be used include: vapor deposition method, nano-silica doping method, sol-gel method, electrochemical method, laser etching method, electrostatic spinning method, etc.
在太空环境接近真空的条件下，散热板的散热只能依靠辐射，因此只有增加散热板的有效散热面积才能提高散热板的散热效率。本发明将中空导热面板的冷凝辐射热面设计成具有随机自仿射分形结构特征的表面，通过多级表面的生成，充分利用了辐射散热板表面空间，使得在有限空间内最大限度布置了散热表面，进而大幅增加了散热板与宇宙空间的辐射换热面积，进而提高了散热板的辐射散热能力，同时也减少了散热器本身的自重。所述的具有随机自仿射分形结构特征表面的生成过程为：Under the condition that the space environment is close to vacuum, the heat dissipation of the heat sink can only rely on radiation. Therefore, only by increasing the effective heat dissipation area of the heat sink can the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat sink be improved. In the present invention, the condensing radiation heat surface of the hollow heat conduction panel is designed as a surface with random self-affine fractal structure characteristics. Through the generation of multi-level surfaces, the surface space of the radiation heat dissipation plate is fully utilized, so that the maximum heat dissipation can be arranged in a limited space. surface, thereby greatly increasing the radiation heat exchange area between the cooling plate and the space, thereby improving the radiation cooling capacity of the cooling plate, and reducing the weight of the radiator itself. The generation process of the surface with random self-affine fractal structure features is:
（1）分别在水平面的x、y轴方向将第0级表面进行2s-1（s为表面的级数）等分，生成(2s-1)2个单元表面，行列同为奇数的单元表面为第1级表面，将所述第1级表面中每个单元表面加工成凹凸体，凹、凸通过随机掷骰子的方法来决定。(1) Divide the surface of level 0 by 2s -1 (s is the series of the surface) in the direction ofthe x andy axes of the horizontal plane, and generate (2s -1)2 unit surfaces with both odd numbers of rows and columns The unit surface is the first-level surface, and each unit surface in the first-level surface is processed into a concave-convex body, and the concave and convex are determined by randomly throwing dice.
（2）第2级表面将在第1级表面上不断重复上述步骤产生。第n级表面上产生的凹凸体深度为第n-1代表面上产生的凹凸体深度的1/fz（fz为z方向的比例系数），这里fz＞1。(2) The second-level surface will be generated by repeating the above steps on the first-level surface. The depth of the asperities produced on the nth level surface is 1/fz of the depth of the asperities produced on the n-1th representative surface (fz is the proportional coefficient in the z direction), wherefz >1.
（3）根据这种方法不断生成凹凸体，就会得到具有不规则的随机自仿射分形结构特征的表面。(3) According to this method, the concave-convex body is continuously generated, and a surface with irregular random self-affine fractal structure characteristics will be obtained.
将吸液芯设计成蜂窝结构应用于散热板内，一方面实现了将板内气流通道与冷凝液回流通道进行了分离，另一方面也扩展了气液两相流体在受热面和冷凝辐射面之间的输送通道。另外，蜂窝结构在满足结构应力要求和减轻辐射散热板的自重方面也具有一定的优势。The liquid-absorbing core is designed as a honeycomb structure and applied in the heat dissipation plate. On the one hand, it realizes the separation of the air flow channel and the condensate return channel in the plate. transport channel between them. In addition, the honeycomb structure also has certain advantages in meeting the structural stress requirements and reducing the self-weight of the radiation cooling plate.
将烧结芯衬于中空导热面板的内表面，不仅大大增加了有效的蒸发和冷凝换热面积，还为冷凝辐射面/受热面提供了流体流动的多向输运通道，可及时输送补充多个局部高热流密度点蒸发相变的所需液体工质，进而消除了多个热源点可能产生的局部热点。Lining the sintered core on the inner surface of the hollow heat-conducting panel not only greatly increases the effective evaporation and condensation heat exchange area, but also provides a multi-directional transport channel for fluid flow on the condensation radiation surface/heating surface, which can be transported and replenished in time. The liquid working fluid required for the phase transition is evaporated at local high heat flux points, thereby eliminating local hot spots that may arise from multiple heat source points.
所述中空导热面板的材料为铜(铜合金)、铝（铝合金）、钢（合金钢）、银等多种高导热性能金属。The material of the hollow heat conduction panel is copper (copper alloy), aluminum (aluminum alloy), steel (alloy steel), silver and other high heat conduction metals.
所述的冷凝辐射散热板内气液两相流体为水、氨、丙酮、乙醇、甲醇、液态金属或制冷剂等工质，该流体工质在腔体内维持气液两相状态。The gas-liquid two-phase fluid in the condensing radiation cooling plate is water, ammonia, acetone, ethanol, methanol, liquid metal or refrigerant, etc., and the fluid working medium maintains a gas-liquid two-phase state in the cavity.
所述的冷凝辐射散热板的热源为单个热源、两个热源或多个热源，热源之间的相对位置是可以任意布置的。The heat source of the condensing radiation cooling plate is a single heat source, two heat sources or multiple heat sources, and the relative positions of the heat sources can be arranged arbitrarily.
本发明提供的冷凝辐射散热板是利用气液两相流体工质在热源处吸热进而在烧结芯的孔隙结构中产生蒸发相变，蒸发相变产生的蒸汽迅速通多孔泡沫蜂窝结构的空腔体扩散到冷凝辐射面内表面的烧结芯表面，在具有超疏水特性的冷凝辐射面内表面进行珠状凝结，释放出的相变热通过通过热传导作用将热量传递至具有随机自仿射分形结构特征的冷凝辐射面外表面并辐射散发至太空。冷凝产生的液体工质可在蜂窝结构吸液芯中产生的毛细力的作用下实现自循环，无须泵功消耗。相变换热吸收或者释放的潜热很大，故很小的流体流量即可满足散热需求，这些因素对于减轻空间飞行器的自重及功耗具有重要的意义，且由于热量传递基于相变过程，故使散热板受热面表面温度和散热强度分布均匀，可以实现近似等温热量传输。由于本发明所提供的散热器是基于毛细蒸发相变来实现的热量的传递，使得其导热率远远高出传统的纯金属导热基板。The condensing radiation cooling plate provided by the present invention utilizes the gas-liquid two-phase fluid working medium to absorb heat at the heat source and then produces an evaporation phase transition in the pore structure of the sintered core, and the steam generated by the evaporation phase transition quickly passes through the cavity of the porous foam honeycomb structure The body diffuses to the surface of the sintered core on the inner surface of the condensation radiation surface, and bead-like condensation occurs on the inner surface of the condensation radiation surface with superhydrophobic properties. The characteristic condensing radiating outer surface and radiating radiation into space. The liquid working medium produced by condensation can realize self-circulation under the action of the capillary force generated in the honeycomb structure liquid-absorbing core, without pump power consumption. The latent heat absorbed or released by phase change heat is very large, so a small fluid flow rate can meet the heat dissipation requirements. These factors are of great significance for reducing the weight and power consumption of space vehicles. The surface temperature and heat dissipation intensity of the heating surface of the heat dissipation plate are evenly distributed, and approximate isothermal heat transfer can be realized. Since the heat sink provided by the present invention is based on capillary evaporation phase transition to achieve heat transfer, its thermal conductivity is much higher than that of traditional pure metal heat-conducting substrates.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明涉及的一种冷凝辐射散热板，为强化冷凝辐射面内表面冷凝相变换热，将冷凝辐射面内表面进行改性技术处理，来实现可持续的珠状凝结；将散热板面向太空的冷凝辐射面外表面设计成具有随机自仿射分形结构特征的表面，充分利用了辐射散热板表面空间，使得在有限空间内最大限度布置了散热表面。另外，该型散热板是基于毛细蒸发相变来实现热量的传递，无须泵功消耗，其导热率远远高出传统的纯金属导热基板。以上这些有利因素使得该型冷凝辐射散热器具有散热强度高，无泵驱动，自重轻，且温度分布均匀的独特优点，能有效地消除多个局部高热量密度热源点可能产生的局部热点，实现了在无泵驱动条件下高效扩散飞行器机载电器设备产生的热量，进而保证航天飞行器内机载设备的高效、安全、稳定运行。The invention relates to a condensing and radiating cooling plate. In order to strengthen the condensation phase transformation heat of the inner surface of the condensing radiating surface, the inner surface of the condensing radiating surface is modified to realize sustainable bead condensation; the radiating plate faces space The outer surface of the condensation radiation surface is designed as a surface with random self-affine fractal structure characteristics, which makes full use of the surface space of the radiation heat dissipation plate, and makes the maximum arrangement of the heat dissipation surface in a limited space. In addition, this type of cooling plate is based on capillary evaporation phase change to achieve heat transfer, without pump power consumption, and its thermal conductivity is much higher than that of traditional pure metal heat-conducting substrates. These favorable factors above make this type of condensing radiation radiator have the unique advantages of high heat dissipation intensity, no pump drive, light weight, and uniform temperature distribution, which can effectively eliminate local hot spots that may be generated by multiple local high heat density heat source points, and realize In order to efficiently diffuse the heat generated by the aircraft's on-board electrical equipment under the condition of no pump drive, and thus ensure the efficient, safe and stable operation of the on-board equipment in the aerospace vehicle.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1冷凝辐射散热板的立体示意图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a condensing radiation cooling plate.
图2本发明中多孔泡沫蜂窝结构吸液芯局部示意图。Fig. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of a liquid-absorbing core with a porous foam honeycomb structure in the present invention.
图3本发明中具有随机自仿射分形结构特征的冷凝散热面外表面平面示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the outer surface of the condensing heat dissipation surface with random self-affine fractal structure characteristics in the present invention.
图4 本发明中冷凝散热面外表面的随机凹凸体局部示意图。Fig. 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the random concave-convex body on the outer surface of the condensation heat dissipation surface in the present invention.
图5 本发明中吸液芯布置示意图（局部剖面）。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the liquid-absorbing core in the present invention (partial section).
图6 本发明冷凝辐射散热板的工作原理示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the condensing radiation cooling plate of the present invention.
图中1.中空导热面板；2.多孔泡沫蜂窝结构吸液芯；3.中空导热面板的冷凝辐射面；4.随机自仿射凹凸体；5.辐射散热；6.高热流密度热源；7.中空导热面板的受热面；8.烧结芯；9.蜂窝结构吸液芯的空腔体；10.蒸气；11.凝结液；12.冷凝散热面向太空辐射；13.疏水层。In the figure 1. Hollow heat conduction panel; 2. Porous foam honeycomb structure liquid-absorbing core; 3. Condensation radiation surface of hollow heat conduction panel; 4. Random self-affine concave-convex body; 5. Radiation heat dissipation; 6. High heat flux heat source; 7 .Heating surface of hollow heat conduction panel; 8. Sintered core; 9. Hollow body of honeycomb structure liquid-absorbing core; 10. Steam; 11. Condensate;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图进行更进一步的详细说明：Carry out further detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
图1给出了冷凝辐射散热板的立体图，一种冷凝辐射散热板，由中空导热面板1、多孔泡沫蜂窝结构吸液芯2、烧结芯8和气液两相流体构成，烧结芯8衬于中空导热面板1的内表面，吸液芯2填充于中空导热面板1的中空部分并与烧结芯8紧密连接，气液两相流体浸于吸液芯2和烧结芯8的孔隙结构中。中空导热面板的冷凝辐射面3的内表面为超疏水表面疏水层13，外表面为分形表面，分形表面采用自仿射分形结构表面，至少具有两级的随机凹凸结构，吸液芯2的结构为多孔泡沫蜂窝结构。Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a condensing radiation heat dissipation plate, a condensation radiation heat dissipation plate, which is composed of a hollow
图2给出了多孔泡沫蜂窝结构吸液芯局部示意图，该图清晰地表达本发明涉及的冷凝辐射散热板内部结构。多孔泡沫蜂窝结构吸液芯2将板内气流通道与冷凝液回流通道进行了分离，大幅度扩展了流体工质在导热面板的冷凝辐射面与受热面之间的输送通道。Fig. 2 shows a partial schematic diagram of a liquid-absorbing core with a porous foam honeycomb structure, which clearly expresses the internal structure of the condensing radiation cooling plate involved in the present invention. The porous foam honeycomb structure liquid-absorbing
图3给出了本发明散热板的冷凝辐射面外表面的平面布置示意图，该实施列中表面级数s=3。FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan layout of the outer surface of the condensation radiation surface of the heat dissipation plate of the present invention, and the number of surface series in this embodiment is s=3.
图4给出了本发明中具有随机自仿射分形结构特征的冷凝辐射面外表面上随机凹凸体立体图。通过多级凹凸体的生成，充分利用了辐射散热板表面空间，使得在有限空间内最大限度布置了散热表面，进而大幅增加了散热板与宇宙空间的辐射换热面积，大大提高了散热板的辐射散热能力。Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of random concave-convex bodies on the outer surface of the condensing radiation surface with random self-affine fractal structure characteristics in the present invention. Through the generation of multi-level concave-convex bodies, the surface space of the radiation heat sink is fully utilized, so that the heat dissipation surface is arranged to the maximum in a limited space, thereby greatly increasing the radiation heat exchange area between the heat sink and the space, and greatly improving the heat dissipation of the heat sink. Radiation cooling capability.
图5给出了本发明冷凝辐射散热板内吸液芯与烧结芯的布置局部示意图。Fig. 5 shows a partial schematic diagram of the arrangement of the liquid-absorbing core and the sintering core in the condensing radiation cooling plate of the present invention.
图6给出了本发明冷凝辐射散热板的工作原理图。冷凝辐射散热板的工作原理为气液两相流体工质在高热流密度热源6作用下吸收热源热量，进而在烧结芯8的孔隙结构中发生蒸发相变，蒸发相变产生的蒸汽10迅速通过蜂窝结构吸液芯的空腔体9扩散到冷凝辐射面内表面的烧结芯8表面，在具有超疏水特性的冷凝辐射面3内表面进行珠状凝结，释放出的相变热通过热传导作用将热量传递至具有随机自仿射分形结构特征的冷凝辐射面3外表面并辐射散发至太空。冷凝产生的液体工质11可在毛细力的作用下实现自循环，无须泵功消耗。这些有利因素使得该型散热器具有散热强度高、无泵驱动、自重轻、体积小等独特优点，实现了在无泵驱动条件下的高效扩散行器机载电器设备产生的热量，进而保证航天飞行器内机载设备的高效、安全、稳定运行。Fig. 6 shows the working principle diagram of the condensing radiation cooling plate of the present invention. The working principle of the condensing radiation cooling plate is that the gas-liquid two-phase fluid working medium absorbs heat from the
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| CN109295431B (en)* | 2018-09-29 | 2020-03-31 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of non-uniform wetting surface with fractal characteristics and preparation method thereof |
| CN113137886A (en)* | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-20 | 南京工业职业技术大学 | 5G mobile phone honeycomb bionic liquid absorption core vapor chamber and preparation method thereof |
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