CN102052270B - Two-stroke photo-thermal engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-stroke photo-thermal engine which is an engine device for converting the energy of parallel light beams into mechanical energy. The engine provided by the invention comprises a cylinder, a crank case, a crank, a connecting rod, a piston, a photo-thermal converter, an air intake valve, an air exhaust valve, a light hood, a convergent lens, a planar mirror and the like, wherein the photo-thermal converter is positioned in the cylinder; the planar mirror is arranged outside the cylinder and can move downwards along the axis of the cylinder; and parallel light beams are reflected to the convergent lens and scattered to the photo-thermal converter after passing through a small hole in the center of the light hood. The temperature of the photo-thermal converter is increased after light energy is absorbed, a gas working medium in a compression cavity is heated, and the gas working medium is expanded after being heated, so that the piston is pushed to do work, and the mechanical energy is output through the crank, thereby realizing the purpose of outputting the mechanical energy on the premise of not combusting fossil energy. The engine provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost, no gaseous pollutant emission, low noise and no pollution to the environment, is easy to manufacture, and utilizes the parallel light beams as an energy source instead of fossil fuel.

Description

Two stroke photo-thermal motors

Technical field

The present invention relates to energy technology field, particularly relating to a kind of free of contamination transformation of energy with parallel beam is the engine device of mechanical energy.

Background technique

Motor is called engine again, is a kind ofly can normally be converted into mechanical energy to the machine of the another kind of more useful ability of being converted into of a kind of form to chemical energy.Look back the history of engine producing and development, it has experienced external-combustion engine and two developing stage of internal-combustion engine.

So-called external-combustion engine; Its fuel is in the external-burning of motor in other words, and motor changes into kinetic energy with the heat energy that this burning produces, and the steamer of watt improvement is exactly a kind of typical external-combustion engine; When a large amount of coal burning generation heat energy is heated into a large amount of water vapors to water; High pressure has just produced, and this then high pressure promotes mechanical work again, thereby has accomplished the transformation of heat energy to kinetic energy.External-combustion engine is a kind of closed cycle reciprocating piston type heat engine of external combustion, because of it was invented by Scottish R. Stirling in 1816, so claim Stirling engine again.Novel external-combustion engine uses hydrogen as working medium, in the cylinder of four sealings, is filled with the working medium of certain volume.Cylinder one end is hot chamber, and the other end is cold chamber.Working medium is compressed in the cold chamber of low temperature, flows to heating rapidly in the elevated temperature heat chamber then, the acting of expanding.Continuous burning in the firing chamber of fuel outside cylinder is passed to working medium through heater, and working medium is not participated in burning directly, does not change yet.Because external-combustion engine has been avoided the quick-fried acting problem of shake of traditional combustion engine, thereby low noise, the low pollution and low operating cost have been realized.The present external-combustion engine of development various inflammable gass that can burn, like rock gas, biogas, petroleum gas, hydrogen, coal gas etc., also liquid fuels such as incendivity diesel oil, LPG can also burn wood, and utilizes solar energy etc.As long as hot chamber reaches 700 ℃, the equipment operation of can doing work, ambient temperature is low more, and generating efficiency is high more.The external-combustion engine biggest advantage is to exert oneself and efficient is not influenced by altitude, is very suitable for the high altitude localities and uses.But; Also there are many problems in Stirling engine, and for example the cost of expansion chamber, pressing chamber, heater, cooling chamber, regenerator etc. is high, and heat loss is 2-3 a times of explosive motor; The working medium sealing technique is difficult; The reliability and the life-span of Sealing also have problems, and the power adjustments control system is complicated, and machine is comparatively heavy.Under most occasions, still need combustion process just can realize acting.So, can't become the motor of use in enormous quantities.

Internal-combustion engine (Internal combustion engine) is with after liquid or gaseous fuel and the air mixing, directly imports the machine internal-combustion and produces a kind of hot machine that heat energy is converted into mechanical energy again.The maximum different fuel portion's burnings within it that are it with external-combustion engine.The kind of internal-combustion engine is very various, and our common petrol engine, diesel engine are typical internal-combustion engines.The jet engine of assembling on our uncommon rocket motor and the aircraft also belongs to internal-combustion engine.The maximum shortcoming of internal-combustion engine is will burn and consumption of fossil fuels, the waste gas that contains harmful gas that also will discharge simultaneously.

In order to practice thrift exhausted day by day fossil energy, alleviate severe shortage of resources problem, reduce and pollute, the human ecotope of depending on for existence of protection needs a kind of new energy conversion device, comprises and utilizes solar energy.

In numerous solar utilization techniques, the most common have solar energy power generating, solar light-heat power-generation, a solar water heater etc.Had at present Stirling engine is installed in the instance that focusing place of sunlight is generated electricity, but failed in the utilization of solar energy, to be popularized owing to Stirling engine has above-mentioned various shortcoming.

Summary of the invention

To above-mentioned variety of issue, the present invention provides a kind of new work engine, and this motor has traditional internal-combustion engine characteristics; Be easy to manufacturing, with low cost; But do not use fossil fuel, and adopt parallel beam, have no the dusty gas discharging as energy source; Low noise has no pollution to environment.

For realizing above-mentioned purpose; Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of two stroke photo-thermal motors, it comprises cylinder, crankcase, bent axle, connecting rod, piston, photothermal converter, intake valve, inlet valve cam, exhaust valve, exhaust valve cam, eyeshade, convergent lens, planar mirror.Wherein piston is installed in the cylinder, can move up and down along cylinder; Crankshaft installed is in crankcase, and bent axle links to each other with piston through connecting rod.

Bent axle connects transmission through known mechanical technique with inlet valve cam and exhaust valve cam.When crankshaft rotating, drive inlet valve cam and make the intake valve motion, drive exhaust valve cam and make the exhaust valve motion.

Convergent lens is installed in the top of cylinder, with cylinder and piston coaxial line; Eyeshade is installed in cylinder interior, between the top dead center of convergent lens and piston; There is aperture at the eyeshade center; The focus of convergent lens is positioned at the eyeshade central small hole.

Photothermal converter is installed in the cylinder, between the top dead center of eyeshade and piston.Photothermal converter is with the material of utmost point book, to guarantee having very little thermal capacity, has high temperature resistantly, and physical property is stable, not volatile characteristics; The photothermal converter surface scribbles the coating very high to the light-wave energy absorptivity, and very high photo-thermal conversion efficiency is arranged.

When intake valve, when exhaust valve is closed, constitute the compression chamber of airtight gas working medium jointly by cylinder, piston, intake valve, exhaust valve, convergent lens.

Constitute heating cavity jointly by cylinder, piston, intake valve, exhaust valve, eyeshade to gas working medium.At the heating cavity inwall, promptly all there is very high degree of finish the inboard of the inboard of the top of cylinder inner wall, piston, intake valve, exhaust valve, eyeshade towards a side of piston, are coated with the coating that is coated with high reflectance, and light is had very high reflectivity.

Planar mirror is installed in the outside of cylinder, and the angle between the axis of reflecting surface and cylinder is 45 °, and along the translational motion of cylinder-bore axis direction.

The kind of parallel beam comprises sunlight, laser, houselights and sunlight is adopted optically focused technology and the parallel optically focused sun light beam that obtains; Parallel beam is from the outside process of cylinder, and and the axis of cylinder between angle be 90 °, and the angle between the planar mirror is 45 °; When planar mirror during along cylinder-bore axis direction translational motion to one of them correct position; Parallel beam all along cylinder-bore axis directive convergent lens, is assembled through convergent lens through the reflection of planar mirror; Through the eyeshade central small hole, disperse again on the directive photothermal converter.

The working procedure of first stroke of the present invention is a heating acting process.Piston from top dead center to the lower dead center movement process, IC Intake Valve Closes, exhaust valve closing; Planar mirror moves downward along cylinder-bore axis, and parallel beam is reflexed to convergent lens, assembles through convergent lens; Through the eyeshade central small hole, disperse again on the directive photothermal converter; Temperature raise after photothermal converter absorbed luminous energy, heating compression chamber gas inside working medium; Be radiated in the light on the photothermal converter, have few part to be reflected,, most of light is absorbed by photothermal converter and convert heat energy into through the reflection of the reflectance coating on the heating cavity inwall; Eyeshade is used to reduce light to be penetrated through convergent lens width of cloth beyond cylinder, improves the trans-utilization rate to luminous energy; Have only few part light outwards to radiate and be not utilized through the central small hole and the convergent lens of eyeshade; Photothermal converter absorbs luminous energy and converts heat energy heated air working medium into, and the gas working medium expanded by heating promotes the piston acting, and through the bent axle output mechanical energy, realizes the purpose of the output of mechanical energy thereby realization is not burnt fossil energy.Because photothermal converter is a physical process to the process of gas working medium heating, but not therefore chemical process can not produce new material discharging, the especially discharging of dusty gas.Photothermal converter is a process that approaches linear growth to the process of gas working medium heating; Compare with the igniting or the compression ignite mode of conventional internal-combustion engine; The process that temperature raises and internal pressure increases at gas working medium does not have too big noise generation; Thereby the realization low noise, free of contamination transformation of energy purpose.

The working procedure of second stroke of the present invention is the exhaust cooling procedure.To the top dead center movement process, open by intake valve from lower dead center for piston, and exhaust valve is opened, and the high-temperature gas working medium in the cylinder is discharged along with the up of piston; Apply a proper pressure at suction port, cryogenic gas working medium is passed through from intake valve, cylinder, intake valve, cooling cylinder and photothermal converter; Planar mirror does not reflect parallel beam, and parallel beam is from the outside process of cylinder.

A plurality of cylinders are formed multicylinder engine, through planar mirror parallel beam are reflected chronologically, for each cylinder provides energy, thereby realize high-power, mechanical energy output stably.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the working procedure schematic representation of the structure of the present invention and first stroke;

Fig. 2 is the working procedure schematic representation of second stroke of the present invention.

Label declaration is following among the figure:

10-cylinder, 11-crankcase, 12-bent axle, 13-connecting rod, 14-piston, 15-photothermal converter, 17-intake valve, 18-inlet valve cam, 20-exhaust valve, 21-exhaust valve cam, 22-eyeshade, 23-convergent lens, 24-planar mirror, 25-parallel beam.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1; The present invention is a kind of two stroke photo-thermal motors, and it comprisescylinder 10,crankcase 11,bent axle 12, connectingrod 13,piston 14,photothermal converter 15,intake valve 17,inlet valve cam 18,exhaust valve 20,exhaust valve cam 21,eyeshade 22,convergent lens 23, planar mirror 24.Whereinpiston 14 is installed in thecylinder 10, can move up and down alongcylinder 10; Bentaxle 12 is installed in thecrankcase 11, and bentaxle 12 links to each other withpiston 14 through connectingrod 13.

Bent axle 12 connects transmission through known mechanical technique withinlet valve cam 18 and exhaust valve cam 21.Whenbent axle 12 rotations, drive 17 motions ofinlet valve cam 18 control intake valves, drive 20 motions ofexhaust valve cam 21 control exhaust valves.

Convergent lens 23 is installed in the top ofcylinder 10, withcylinder 10 andpiston 14 coaxial lines; Eyeshade 22 is installed incylinder 10 inside, between the top dead center ofconvergent lens 23 andpiston 14; There is aperture ateyeshade 22 centers; The focus ofconvergent lens 23 is positioned ateyeshade 22 central small hole.

Photothermal converter 15 is installed in thecylinder 10, between the top dead center ofeyeshade 22 and piston 14.The material ofphotothermal converter 15 usefulness utmost point books to guarantee having very little thermal capacity, has high temperature resistantly, and physical property is stable, not volatile characteristics;Photothermal converter 15 surfaces scribble the coating very high to the light-wave energy absorptivity, and very high photo-thermal conversion efficiency is arranged.

Whenintake valve 17,exhaust valve 20 closures, constitute the compression chamber of airtight gas working medium jointly bycylinder 10,piston 14,intake valve 17,exhaust valve 20,convergent lens 23.

Constitute heating cavity jointly bycylinder 10,piston 14,intake valve 17,exhaust valve 20,eyeshade 22 to gas working medium.At the heating cavity inwall; It is the inboard,eyeshade 22 of inboard, theexhaust valve 20 of top, theintake valve 17 ofcylinder 10 inwalls, piston 14 a side towardspiston 14; Very high degree of finish is all arranged, be coated with the coating that is coated with high reflectance, light is had very high reflectivity.

Planar mirror 24 is installed in the outside ofcylinder 10, and the angle between the axis of reflecting surface andcylinder 10 is 45 °, and alongcylinder 10 axial direction translational motions.

The kind of parallel beam 25 comprises sunlight, laser, houselights and sunlight is adopted optically focused technology and the parallel optically focused sun light beam that obtains; Parallel beam 25 is fromcylinder 10 outside processes, and and the axis ofcylinder 10 between angle be 90 °, and the angle between theplanar mirror 24 is 45 °; Whenplanar mirror 24 alongcylinder 10 axial direction translational motions during to one of them correct position; Parallel beam 25 is through the reflection ofplanar mirror 24; All alongcylinder 10 axis directiveconvergent lenses 23; Assemble throughconvergent lens 23,, disperse again on the directivephotothermal converter 15 througheyeshade 22 central small hole.

As shown in Figure 1, explained and the working procedure of first stroke of the present invention promptly heated the acting process.Piston 14 from top dead center to the lower dead center movement process;Intake valve 17 is closed, andexhaust valve 20 cuts out, andplanar mirror 24 moves downward alongcylinder 10 axis; Parallel beam 25 is reflexed toconvergent lens 23; Assemble throughconvergent lens 23,, disperse again on the directivephotothermal converter 15 througheyeshade 22 central small hole; Temperature raise afterphotothermal converter 15 absorbed luminous energy, heating compression chamber gas inside working medium; Be radiated in the light on thephotothermal converter 15, have few part to be reflected,, most of light is absorbed byphotothermal converter 15 and convert heat energy into through the reflection of the reflectance coating on the heating cavity inwall; Eyeshade 22 is used to reduce light to be penetrated throughconvergent lens 23 width of cloth beyondcylinder 10, improves the trans-utilization rate to luminous energy; Have only few part light outwards to radiate and be not utilized through the central small hole and theconvergent lens 23 ofeyeshade 22;Photothermal converter 15 absorbs luminous energy and converts heat energy heated air working medium into, and the gas working medium expanded by heating promotespiston 14 actings, and throughbent axle 12 output mechanical energies, realizes the purpose of the output of mechanical energy thereby realization is not burnt fossil energy.Because the process of 15 pairs of gas working medium heating of photothermal converter is physical processes, but not therefore chemical process can not produce new material discharging, the especially discharging of dusty gas.The process of 15 pairs of gas working medium heating of photothermal converter is processes that approach linear growth; Compare with the igniting or the compression ignite mode of conventional internal-combustion engine; The process that temperature raises and internal pressure increases at gas working medium does not have too big noise generation; Thereby the realization low noise, free of contamination transformation of energy purpose.

As shown in Figure 2, the working procedure of second stroke of the present invention, i.e. exhaust cooling procedure have been described.To the top dead center movement process, open byintake valve 17 from lower dead center forpiston 14, andexhaust valve 20 is opened, and the high-temperature gas working medium in thecylinder 10 is discharged along with the up ofpiston 14; Apply a proper pressure at suction port, cryogenic gas working medium is passed through fromintake valve 17,cylinder 10,intake valve 17,cooling cylinder 10 andphotothermal converter 15;Planar mirror 24 does not reflect parallel beam 25, and parallel beam 25 is fromcylinder 10 outside processes.

A plurality of cylinders are formed multicylinder engine, reflect chronologically through 24 pairs of parallel beams 25 of planar mirror, for each cylinder provides energy, thereby realize high-power, mechanical energy output stably.

Claims (5)

1. stroke photo-thermal motor, it comprises cylinder (10), crankcase (11), bent axle (12), connecting rod (13), piston (14), photothermal converter (15), intake valve (17), exhaust valve (20), eyeshade (22), convergent lens (23), planar mirror (24), parallel beam (25); Wherein piston (14) is installed in the cylinder (10), moves up and down along cylinder (10); Bent axle (12) is installed in the crankcase (11), and bent axle (12) links to each other with piston (14) through connecting rod (13); It is characterized in that: convergent lens (23) is installed in the top of cylinder (10), with cylinder (10) and piston (14) coaxial line; Eyeshade (22) is installed in cylinder (10) inside, is positioned between the top dead center of convergent lens (23) and piston (14); There is aperture at eyeshade (22) center; The focus of convergent lens (23) is positioned at eyeshade (22) central small hole; Photothermal converter (15) is installed in the cylinder (10), is positioned between the top dead center of eyeshade (22) and piston (14); Photothermal converter (15) has very little thermal capacity, has high temperature resistantly, and physical property is stable, not volatile characteristics; Photothermal converter (15) surface scribbles the coating very high to the light-wave energy absorptivity, and very high photo-thermal conversion efficiency is arranged; Planar mirror (24) is installed in the outside of cylinder (10), and the angle between the axis of reflecting surface and cylinder (10) is 45 °, along cylinder (10) axial direction translational motion.

2. two stroke photo-thermal motors according to claim 1; It is characterized in that:, constitute the compression chamber of airtight gas working medium jointly by cylinder (10), piston (14), intake valve (17), exhaust valve (20), convergent lens (23) when intake valve (17), when exhaust valve (20) is closed.

3. two stroke photo-thermal motors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: by cylinder (10), piston (14), intake valve (17), exhaust valve (20), the common heating cavity that constitutes gas working medium of eyeshade (22); At the heating cavity inwall; Just the inboard of the inboard of the top of cylinder (10) inwall, piston (14), intake valve (17), exhaust valve (20), eyeshade (22) are towards a side of piston (14); Very high degree of finish is all arranged, be coated with the coating that is coated with high reflectance, light is had very high reflectivity.

4. two stroke photo-thermal motors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the kind of parallel beam (25) comprises sunlight, laser, houselights and sunlight is adopted optically focused technology and the parallel optically focused sun light beam that obtains; Parallel beam (25) is from the outside process of cylinder (10), and and the axis of cylinder (10) between angle be 90 °, and the angle between the planar mirror (24) is 45 °; When planar mirror (24) along cylinder (10) axial direction translational motion during to one of them correct position; Parallel beam (25) is through the reflection of planar mirror (24); All along cylinder (10) axis directive convergent lens (23); Assemble through convergent lens (23),, disperse again on the directive photothermal converter (15) through eyeshade (22) central small hole.

5. two stroke photo-thermal motors according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: a plurality of cylinders are formed multicylinder engine; Through planar mirror (24) parallel beam (25) is reflected chronologically,, realize high-power, mechanical energy output stably for each cylinder provides energy.

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