CN102013503A - Fuel cell standby power supply control system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell standby power supply control system. The system comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen loop, an air passage, a cooling internal circulation loop, a cooling external circulation loop, a power output loop and a central controller, wherein the power output loop comprises a direct current power conversion device, an energy storage device, an inverter, an isolating diode, a charge controller, a host switch and an alternating current contactor which are connected with the central controller respectively. The system has the advantages that: when system load abruptly changes, zero latency of supplying power to a user is effectively realized by rationalizing system energy management, sufficient power supply is provided for the user at the first time, and the life of a fuel cell is greatly prolonged by the measures such as program-controlled preheating, linear output current increasing and the like of the stack. Meanwhile, the invention provides a control method of the system. The purpose of zero latency of supplying power to the user by the entire power supply is achieved by a system starting control method, a system preheating control method, an abrupt load change control method and a shutdown control method.

Description

Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system and control method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to power control and control method, particularly a kind of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system and control method thereof.

Background technology

Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that fuel and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product.A typical fuel cell pile generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or the hydrogen-rich gas that obtained by methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably after reforming; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water) are evenly distributed to coolant fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated and take battery pack out of after dispel the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when getting rid of, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of gaseous state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.

Fuel cell system mainly comprises fuel cell pile, for pile provides the auxiliary system of hydrogen, air and cooling agent, and EMS that must configuration in order to satisfy user's primary demand.Fuel cell is because the energy matter hydrogen of self in the fuel cell pile outside, can not provide enough supplies of electric power for the user in the very first time, and one need increase energy storage device in system.

The life-span of fuel cell, wherein important factor had with all multifactor relevant, the control method of working temperature, startup and the shutdown of hydrogen and oxidant air inlet humidification degree, pile etc.Have a variety ofly at present and wherein start and shut down control method, but mostly not solve, system in start-up course, the even running problem of fuel cell output.Owing to lack energy management measure to power-supply system, cause the output voltage of pile often to fluctuate widely at short notice, have a strong impact on the life-span of pile, and often cause system to work as machine, can cause pile to burn out in the time of serious; After pile quits work on the other hand, inner remaining a lot of hydrogen of pile and air.Hydrogen that these are not utilized and air equally also influence the life-span of pile, and this phenomenon is referred to as the OCV phenomenon.Should in time eliminate the OCV phenomenon behind the system closedown.

The basic method of eliminating the OCV phenomenon is remove fuel cell anode and cathode active material a kind of or whole.It is clean with the hydrogen purge of anode of fuel cell remnants to typically use inert gas, yet is inconvenient to dispose the inertia source of the gas in actual applications; Current at present way is to use the air pump anode for the negative electrode oxygen supply to pump into air, drive hydrogen remaining in the anode, but, still the pile life-span is exerted an influence because the hydrogen of airborne oxygen and anode remnants can chemical reaction take place directly on the contact interface of two kinds of gases of inside battery.

U.S. Pat 6555989 discloses a kind of fuel cell power system, the basic functional principle of this power supply has been described, the hydrogen fuel that reforming hydrogen producing technology is obtained is used for the fuel cell pile power generating, but this system does not describe the application of fuel cell at stand-by power supply in detail, does not describe control method and comprehensive solution thereof under the load changing situation in detail.

Realize that by control the complete machine power supply is user's zero-waiting of powering, reach when system load suddenlys change, internal system improves the life-span of fuel cell by energy management, provide enough supplies of electric power in the very first time for the user, this is still unsolved at present important topic.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective that existing technology exists, a kind of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system and control method thereof are provided, can be when system load suddenlys change, effectively realize that the complete machine power supply is user's zero-waiting of powering, provide enough supplies of electric power in the very first time for the user, and improve in amplitude the life-span of fuel cell.

A kind of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system provided by the invention, comprise circulation circuit in fuel cell pile, hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller, circulation circuit links to each other with described fuel cell pile respectively with electric power output loop in described hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, described fuel cell pile is connected with the monolithic voltage detector, described cooling outer circulation loop links to each other by heat exchanger with the interior circulation circuit of cooling, wherein:

Described hydrogen loop is provided with first electromagnetically operated valve, hydrogen recycle pump, first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor, described first electromagnetically operated valve is installed on the hydrogen inlet pipeline, described hydrogen recycle pump is installed on the hydrogen inlet end and the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet end of described fuel cell pile, described first pressure sensor is installed in the hydrogen inlet end of described fuel cell pile, and described second pressure sensor is installed in the high pressure hydrogen entrance point from storage hydrogen device;

Described air flue is provided with flow sensor, second electromagnetically operated valve, the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve, described flow sensor is installed in the air intlet end, described fuel cell pile is connected with humidifier and air pump in turn, described second electromagnetically operated valve is installed on the inlet duct of described air pump, described the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve is installed on the outlet conduit of air flue, and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve is installed on the inlet pipeline of air flue;

Circulation circuit is provided with coolant circulation pump and cooling-water temperature sensor in the described cooling, described coolant circulation pump is installed on the cooling fluid inlet duct of described fuel cell pile, and described cooling-water temperature sensor is connected the cooling fluid arrival end of described fuel cell pile or the cooling liquid outlet end of described fuel cell pile;

Described cooling outer circulation loop is provided with outer circulation coolant pump and rotational speed governor thereof, and described outer circulation coolant pump and rotational speed governor thereof are installed on the pipeline in cooling outer circulation loop;

Described electric power output loop comprises the direct current power converting means, energy storage device, inverter, isolating diode, charge controller, host switch and A.C. contactor, the output of described fuel cell pile links to each other with the input of described direct current power converting means by described host switch, the output of described direct current power converting means links to each other with described energy storage device with isolating diode by described charge controller, the output of described direct current power converting means links to each other with user side with described inverter simultaneously, and described inverter links to each other with AC network by described A.C. contactor;

The input of described direct current power converting means is equipped with current sensor and voltage sensor;

Described direct current power converting means, energy storage device, inverter, isolating diode, charge controller, host switch and A.C. contactor and each transducer link to each other with described central controller respectively.

Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said electric power output loop also comprises subsidiary engine switch, at least one DC converter, described subsidiary engine switch links to each other respectively with the output of described fuel cell pile, the output of energy storage device and the input of DC converter, and the output of described DC converter links to each other with described subsidiary engine power terminal.

Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said hydrogen loop is provided with the manual gas pressure-reducing valve, and described manual gas pressure-reducing valve is installed on the high pressure hydrogen inlet pipeline of the described first electromagnetically operated valve front end.

Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said central controller is made up of processor, memory and man-machine interface.

Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said energy storage device adopts lead acid accumulator or ultracapacitor.

The control method of a kind of fuel cell electrode source control system provided by the invention, this method adopts above-mentioned fuel cell stand-by power supply control system, circulation circuit in fuel cell pile, hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller are set, described fuel cell pile is connected with the monolithic voltage detector, described electric power output loop is provided with direct current power converting means, energy storage device, charge controller and inverter, and described central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system start-up:

110) electrical network or described energy storage device begin, to open the second pressure sensor inspection and interrupt by " start " pushbutton enable system to after described central controller and the system's subsidiary engine power supply; Opening the bus voltage inspection interrupts; Each sensor data acquisition begins and the interruption of reporting to the police;

120) judge whether busbar voltage is lower than predeterminated voltage, promptly Vbus＜Vstartup does not perhaps have high-tension electricity and supplies with, if carry out next step; If not, the shielding enabling signal, the shutdown response signal of performing fighting, satisfying condition then jumps to shutdown programm, returns previous step;

130) open first electromagnetically operated valve and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve, close second electromagnetically operated valve, open the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve, the control air pump is with the 15%-50% work 1-5s of specified air inflow, and is constant in then specifiedair inflow 10%-30% continuous firing;

140) start coolant circulation pump, the hydrogen recycle pump begins with normal speed work; Opening the regular check of monolithic voltage detector interrupts; Open first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor inspection and interrupt, guarantee the supply of hydrogen; Open the direct current power converting means, described fuel cell pile begins external output;

150) whether the output current of judging described fuel cell pile is less than predetermined current, if carry out next step; If not, carry out the 170th) step;

160) the subsidiary engine switch is switched on the described fuel cell pile;

170) by PID control flows quantity sensor, make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion, when air inlet amount during less than default minimum air inflow, the air demand of air pump is constant to be this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

180) setting Imax is the several times of cooling-water temperature sensor registration;

190) whether judge cooling-water temperature sensor less than preset temperature, this preset temperature is 45 ℃～80 ℃, if return the 150th) step; If not, carry out next step;

200) rotational speed governor by PID control outer circulation coolant pump, 50-80 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile of control water temperature transducer;

210) by PID control air inlet stoichiometric proportion, make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion, when air inlet amount during less than default minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

220) set Imax with the slope of fuel cell pile output-current rating per second 1%-5%;

230) judge whether output current and the maximum charging current sum of Imax, if carry out next step more than or equal to DC/DC1; If not, return the 200th) step;

240) by 50-80 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile of PID control water temperature transducer;

250) by PID control flows quantity sensor, make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion, when air inlet amount during less than predetermined minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

260) judge whether that the rate of change of electric current is greater than the 220th) go on foot the slope of setting, if return the 200th) step; If not, return the 240th) the step circulation.

The control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system closedown:

300) detect busbar voltage Vbus and whether rise to default shutdown voltage, i.e. Vbus＞Vshutdown is if carry out next step;

310) set the direct current power converting means and be output as a preset value;

320) shielding monolithic voltage detector status checkout interrupts;

330) open second electromagnetically operated valve, close the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve;

340) the air pump supply of electric power is switched to energy storage device and keeps 10% rated speed;

350) judge that whether the output of direct current power converting means is less than default final voltage, if carry out next step; If not, return the 330th) the step circulation;

360) close the direct current power converting means, close air pump, shutdown finishes, and enters holding state.

The control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, in the control sequence execution in step of wherein said central controller to system start-up, with the 170th) step, the 210th) step, the 250th) step replaces with following step respectively, then, carry out its separately next step respectively: the output current that obtains fuel cell pile by current sensor; Monolithic battery number * stoichiometric proportion/the air that calculates the output current * 0.0035 * fuel cell pile of air inlet amount=fuel cell pile contains the oxygen ratio; According to the flow rate pressure corresponding relation of air pump, obtain the inlet pressure value of air pump; The rotating speed of regulating air pump reaches this inlet pressure value.

The advantage of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system provided by the invention and method is: because control system is provided with electric power output loop and central controller, in electric power output loop, adopted the direct current power converting means that to set its output voltage and output current (perhaps input current), simultaneously the charging current of energy storage device has been done upper limit control, reached when system load suddenlys change, rationalization by the internal system energy management, effectively realize that the complete machine power supply is user's zero-waiting of powering, provide enough supplies of electric power in the very first time for the user, and improve in amplitude the life-span of fuel cell.In its control method, be provided with system start-up control method, system warm-up control method, load changing control method and shutdown control method, realized that by above-mentioned control method the complete machine power supply is the power purpose of zero-waiting of user.

Be elaborated with reference to accompanying drawing below in conjunction with embodiment, in the hope of purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage are obtained more deep understanding.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of fuel cell pile part in the fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of stand-by power supply control section in the fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the flow chart of start-up control method in the fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention with Fig. 4 (two figure link to each other);

Fig. 5 is the flow chart of shutdown control method in the fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention.

Embodiment

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the invention provides a kind of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system, comprise circulation circuit infuel cell pile 200, hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller, circulation circuit links to each other withfuel cell pile 200 respectively with electric power output loop in hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, and cooling outer circulation loop links to each other by heat exchanger E-1 with the interior circulation circuit of cooling.

Wherein,fuel cell pile 200 is connected with monolithic voltage detector monolithic voltage detector CVM001.Central controller 300 is made up of processor, memory and man-machine interface.

Referring to Fig. 1, the hydrogen loop is provided with manual gas pressure-reducing valve PIC003, the first electromagnetically operated valve SV-002, hydrogen recycle pump P-3, the first pressure sensor PT001 and the second pressure sensor PT004, the first electromagnetically operated valve SV-002 is installed on the hydrogen inlet pipeline, manual gas pressure-reducing valve PIC003 is installed on the hydrogen inlet pipeline of the first electromagnetically operated valve SV-002 front end, hydrogen recycle pump P-3 is installed on thehydrogen inlet end 1 and the pipeline between thehydrogen outlet end 2 offuel cell pile 200, the first pressure sensor PT001 is installed in the hydrogen inlet end offuel cell pile 200, and the second pressure sensor PT004 is installed in the high pressure hydrogen entrance point from storage hydrogen device.

Air flue is provided with flow sensor FT001, the second electromagnetically operated valve SV-008, the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve SV009 and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve SV010, flow sensor FT001 is installed in the air intlet end,fuel cell pile 200 is connected with humidifier C-1 and air pump K-1 in turn, the second electromagnetically operated valve SV-008 is installed on the inlet duct of air pump K-1, the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve SV009 is installed on the outlet conduit of air flue, and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve SV010 is installed on the inlet pipeline of air flue.

Air flue is provided with flow sensor (FT001), second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008), the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009)), flow sensor (FT001) is installed in the air intlet end, second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008), be installed on the inlet duct of air pump (K-1), fuel cell pile (200) is connected with humidifier (C-1) and air pump (K-1) in turn, and the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009) is installed on the outlet conduit of air flue;

Circulation circuit is provided with coolant circulation pump P-1 and cooling-water temperature sensor TE001 in the cooling, coolant circulation pump P-1 is installed on the cooling fluid inlet duct offuel cell pile 200, and cooling-water temperature sensor TE001 is connected the cooling fluid arrival end offuel cell pile 200 or the cooling liquid outlet end offuel cell pile 200.

Cooling outer circulation loop is provided with outer circulation coolant pump P-2 and rotational speed governor SC003 thereof, and outer circulation coolant pump P-2 and rotational speed governor SC003 thereof are installed on the pipeline in cooling outer circulation loop.

Referring to Fig. 2, electric power output loop comprises direct current power converting means DC/DC1, energy storage device 400, inverter AC/DC, isolating diode D-1, charge controller CC-1, host switch S1, A.C. contactor ET007, subsidiaryengine switch S 2,12V DC converter DC/DC2 and 24V DC converter DC/DC3.

The output offuel cell pile 200 by host switch S1 and direct current power converting means DC/DC1 input link to each other, the output of direct current power converting means DC/DC1 links to each other with energy storage device 400 with isolating diode D-1 by charge controller CC-1, the output of direct current power converting means DC/DC1 links to each other with user side USER with inverter AC/DC simultaneously, and inverter AC/DC links to each other with AC network AC by A.C. contactor ET007.

Energy storage device 400 adopts lead acid accumulator or ultracapacitor.

The input of direct current power converting means DC/DC1 is equipped with current sensor ET003 and voltage sensor ET004.

Direct current power converting means DC/DC1, energy storage device 400, inverter AC/DC, isolating diode D-1, charge controller CC-1, host switch S1 and A.C. contactor ET007 and each transducer link to each other with central controller respectively.

In electric power output loop, subsidiaryengine switch S 2 links to each other respectively with the output offuel cell pile 200, the output of energy storage device 400, the input of 12V DC converter DC/DC2 and the input of 24V DC converter DC/DC3, and the output of the output of 12V DC converter DC/DC2 and 24V DC converter DC/DC3 links to each other with subsidiary engine power terminal 500 respectively.

The following describes the working condition of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention.

System hydrogen loop: at first through a pressure sensor PT004, be depressurized the pressure 30kPa that needs intofuel cell pile 200 through manual gas pressure-reducing valve PIC003 then from the high pressure hydrogen that stores up the hydrogen device; Again through of the supply of electromagnetically operated valve SV002 control hydrogen, enter thehydrogen inlet 1 offuel cell pile 200 after mixing from the dry hydrogen gas of hydrogen source gas with from the wet hydrogen of hydrogen recycle pump P-3 gas vent tofuel cell pile 200; Have neither part nor lot in the hydrogen tail gas of reaction and the aqueous water of reaction generation and discharge piles from theoutlet 2 offuel cell pile 200 together, thehydrogen outlet 2 of fuel cell pile links to each other with thehydrogen inlet 3 of exhaust gas treating device W-1, through entering hydrogen recycle pump P-3 from hydrogen outlet 4 after carbonated drink separation and the toxic emission, collect remaining hydrogen tail gas through after boosting, finish hydrogen recycle.

The system air path: air enters air pump K-1 through filter S-1, electromagnetically operated valve SV010 and flow sensor FT001, after boosting air, K-1 pumps into the dry air import 5 of air humidifier C-1, air behind the humidification enters theair intake 7 offuel cell pile 200 from air outlet slit 6, and near 7 setting pressure transducer PT002; The air tail gas that reaction finishes carries product water enters humidifier C-1 from the air outlet slit 8 offuel cell pile 200humid air import 9, through discharging from exporting 10 with the damp and hot exchange of dry air back, key in theair intake 11 of fuel cell tail gas processor W-1 then, aqueous vapor is separated the back and is discharged from the air outlet slit 12 of W-1, enterthreeway 13 then, one the tunnel leads to electromagnetically operated valve SV009, and other one the tunnel leads to electromagnetically operated valve SV008.

Circulation circuit in the system cools: at first pass through temperature sensor TE002 from the cooling fluid that the coolant outlet 14 offuel cell pile 200 flows out, enter from theinlet 15 of liquid reserve tank V-1, liquid reserve tank V-1 is furnished with liquid level sensor LSA001, cooling fluid enters heat exchanger E-1 through liquid reserve tank V-1outlet 16, cooling agent enters coolant circulation pump P-1 through 17 outlets of heat exchange cooling back heat exchanger, and process is boosted after excess temperature transducer TE001 enters the coolingfluid inlet 18 of pile.

Circulation cooling outer circulation loop: the heat that carriesfuel cell pile 200 from the outer circulation cooling fluid of heatexchanger E-1 outlet 19 outflows enters radiator H-1, after heat was dispelled the heat by fan forced convection, the outer circulation cooling fluid was returned heat exchanger E-1 after entering outer circulation coolant pump P-2 supercharging.

Systematic electricity output:fuel cell pile 200 is made up of the multi-disc monocell, and in the load system course of work, monolithic voltage detector CVM001 guarantees that each single battery voltage is not less than 0.3V.The output of the electric power offuel cell pile 200 is controlled by host switch S1, and each assembly works well when system, and whenfuel cell pile 200 possessed external output condition, host switch S1 was in closure state.The current sensor ET003 of current supply circuit and the first voltage sensor ET004 measure the electric current and the voltage of current supply circuit respectively.

The both positive and negative polarity offuel cell pile 200 is connected with the input of direct current power converting means DC/DC1, and direct current power converting means DC/DC1 accepts two control setup parameters: maximum output current (perhaps maximum input current) Imax and maximum output voltage Vmax.The power line that the output of direct current power converting means DC/DC1 connects is bus 102.

Bus 102 is except to user's 100 supply electric power, also provide electric power to 12V DC converter DC/DC2 and 24V DC converter DC/DC3 by subsidiaryengine switch S 2, the voltage that 12V DC converter DC/DC2 and 24V DC converter DC/DC3 are converted into this electric power varying level provides supply of electric power when starting for system's subsidiary engine, and these system's subsidiary engines include but not limited to the devices such as various transducers, electromagnetically operated valve, control pump and relay of various control subsidiary engine supply of electric power.

Bus 102 is also at the setup parameter Imax of CC-1, under the charge, by the maximum charging current of charge controller CC-1 and diode D-1 control to energy storage device 400, prevent energy storage device 400 overshoots, and diode D-1 can so that discharging current can unhinderedly release out.

Inverter AC/DC on the bus 102 is converted into direct current with alternating current in electrical network AC power supply, supply with and give user 100 or give energy storage device 400 chargings, and whether A.C. contactor ET007 can detect AC network AC and cut off the power supply.

Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the invention provides a kind of control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system, central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system start-up:

110) electrical network or energy storage device begin, to open the second pressure sensor PT004 and check interruption by " start " pushbutton enable system to after central controller and the system's subsidiary engine power supply; Open bus voltage Vbus and check interruption; Each sensor data acquisition begins and the interruption of reporting to the police;

120) judge whether busbar voltage is lower than predeterminated voltage, i.e. Vbus＜Vstartup=default value 52V or do not have high-tension electricity supply condition VAC=0 is if carry out next step; If not, the shielding enabling signal, the shutdown response signal of performing fighting, satisfying condition then jumps to shutdown programm, returns previous step;

130) open the first electromagnetically operated valve SV-002 and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve SV010, close the second electromagnetically operated valve SV-008, open the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve SV009, control air pump K-1 is with the 15%-50% work 1-5s of specified air inflow, constant in then specifiedair inflow 10%-30% continuous firing, specified air inflow is meant that pile is operated in the air inflow under the rated power;

140) start coolant circulation pump P-1, hydrogen recycle pump P-3 begins with normal speed work; Opening monolithic voltage detector CVM001 regular check interrupts; Open the first pressure sensor PT001 and the second pressure sensor PT004 and check interruption, guarantee the supply of hydrogen; Open direct current power converting means DC/DC1, set its output Imax and equal 1, makefuel cell pile 200 beginnings externally export;

150) whether the output current of judging fuel cell pile (200) greater than predetermined current, i.e. Imax＞10 are if carry out next step; If not, carry out the 170th) step;

160) subsidiaryengine switch S 2 is switched on the fuel cell pile;

170) by PID control flows quantity sensor FT001, making air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion constant is 2.2, when air inlet amount during less than default minimum air inflow, the air demand of air pump K-1 is constant to be this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

180) set Imax and equal two times of cooling-water temperature sensor TE001 registration;

190) judge that whether cooling-water temperature sensor TE001 is less than 55 ℃, if return the 150th) step; If not, carry out next step;

200) the rotational speed governor SC003 by PID control outer circulation coolant pump P-2,57 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature atfuel cell pile 200 of control water temperature transducer TE001;

210) constant by PID control air inlet stoichiometric proportion is 2.2, and when air inlet amount during less than default minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump K-1 is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

220) set Imax with the slope offuel cell pile 200 output-current rating per second 1%-5%;

230) judge whether output current and the maximum charging current sum of Imax, if carry out next step more than or equal to DC/DC1; If not, return the 200th) step;

240) by 57 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature atfuel cell pile 200 of PID control water temperature transducer TE001;

250) by PID control flows quantity sensor FT001, constant is 2.2, and when air inlet amount during less than predetermined minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump K-1 is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

260) judge whether that current changing rate is greater than the 220th) slope set of step, i.e. dI/dt＞5 are if return the 200th) step; If not, return the 240th) the step circulation.

System is after installing, by top step, after central controller is finished the startup and preheating of fuel cell pile 200 to system, the control of enforcement load changing, adopt the PID method, by the rotational speed governor SC003 of control outer circulation coolant pump P-2 and the cooling liquid inlet water temperature of control fuel cell pile 200, advance under the situation of air in the assurance linearity, constantly adjust the cut-off current of Imax according to output (input) the electric current amplification of 5A/s, make fuel cell pile 200 export increasing electric current, and the output of the electric current of energy storage device 400 is fewer and feweri relatively, charge to energy storage device 400 by bus 102 up to fuel cell pile 200, up to actual output current and the maximum charging current sum of Imax more than or equal to DC/DC1.At this moment fuel cell pile 200 had both been given the power of user's 100 demand and supplies, gave energy storage device 400 chargings again, and As time goes on charging current will be more and more littler, finally equal zero.Central controller will check constantly whether load has sudden change, if do not find sudden change, will constantly regulate and control water temperature and air inflow, otherwise will turn back to electric current climbing program part, adapt to the sudden change of load gradually by the mode of current limliting.

In other embodiment of the control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, in the control sequence of central controller to system start-up, air inlet control is except can using above-mentioned PID control method, for saving cost, can also not use PID control method at mass flow, remove flow sensor FT001, the air that working pressure transducer PT002 obtains advances to pile pressure, making one advances to pile pressure and advances to pile the corresponding one by one form of air mass flow, regulate and control the air inflow of air according to look-up table, simple and quick, all the other control methods are constant.Concrete steps are: in the control sequence execution in step of 300 pairs of system start-ups of above-mentioned central controller, with the 170th) step, the 210th) step, the 250th) step replaces with following step respectively, then, carry out its separately next step respectively: the output current that obtains fuel cell pile 200 by current sensor ET003; Monolithic battery number * stoichiometric proportion/the air that calculates the output current * 0.0035 * fuel cell pile 200 of air inlet amount=fuel cell pile 200 contains the oxygen ratio; According to the flow rate pressure corresponding relation of air pump K-1, obtain the inlet pressure value of air pump K-1; The rotating speed of regulating air pump K-1 reaches this inlet pressure value.

Referring to Fig. 5, in the control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system closedown:

300) detect and not to be raised to default shutdown voltage on the bus 102 voltage Vbus, i.e. Vbus＞Vshutdown=53V is if carry out next step;

310) set direct current power converting means DC/DC1 and be output as a preset value Imax=3A;

320) shielding monolithic voltage detector CVM001 status checkout interrupts;

330) open the second electromagnetically operated valve SV008, close the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve SV009;

340) air pump K-1 supply of electric power is switched to energy storage device 400 and keeps 10% rated speed;

350) whether judge direct current power converting means DC/DC1 output less than default final voltage, i.e. Vcell＜1V is if carry out next step; If not, return the 330th) the step circulation;

360) close direct current power converting means DC/DC1; Close air pump K-1; System closedown finishes, and enters holding state.

In shutdown process, 102 voltage Vbus are raised to shutdown voltage when bus, after perhaps electrical network has been sent a telegram here, by air pump K-1 supply of electric power is switched to energy storage device 400 and keeps 10% rated speed, till voltage is reduced to 1V.This moment, hydrogen and air were exhausted substantially, had eliminated the OCV phenomenon, and system changes holding state then over to.

Embodiment recited above is described preferred implementation of the present invention, is not that design of the present invention and scope are limited.Under the prerequisite that does not break away from design concept of the present invention; various modification and improvement that this area ordinary person makes technical scheme of the present invention; all should drop into protection scope of the present invention, the technology contents that the present invention asks for protection all is documented in claims.

Claims (8)

1. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system, comprise circulation circuit in fuel cell pile (200), hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller (300), circulation circuit links to each other with described fuel cell pile (200) respectively with electric power output loop in described hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, described fuel cell pile (200) is connected with monolithic voltage detector (CVM001300), described cooling outer circulation loop links to each other by heat exchanger (E-1) with the interior circulation circuit of cooling, it is characterized in that:

Described hydrogen loop is provided with first electromagnetically operated valve (SV-002), hydrogen recycle pump (P-3), first pressure sensor (PT001) and second pressure sensor (PT004), described first electromagnetically operated valve (SV-002) is installed on the hydrogen inlet pipeline, described hydrogen recycle pump (P-3) is installed on the hydrogen inlet end (1) and the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet end (2) of described fuel cell pile (200), described first pressure sensor (PT001) is installed in the hydrogen inlet end of described fuel cell pile (200), and described second pressure sensor (PT004) is installed in the high pressure hydrogen entrance point from storage hydrogen device;

Described air flue is provided with flow sensor (FT001), second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008), the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009) and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve (SV010), described flow sensor (FT001) is installed in the air intlet end, described fuel cell pile (200) is connected with humidifier (C-1) and air pump (K-1) in turn, described second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008) is installed on the inlet duct of described air pump (K-1), described the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009) is installed on the outlet conduit of air flue, and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve (SV010) is installed on the inlet pipeline of air flue;

Circulation circuit is provided with coolant circulation pump (P-1) and cooling-water temperature sensor (TE001) in the described cooling, described coolant circulation pump (P-1) is installed on the cooling fluid inlet duct of described fuel cell pile (200), and described cooling-water temperature sensor (TE001) is connected the cooling fluid arrival end of described fuel cell pile (200) or the cooling liquid outlet end of described fuel cell pile (200);

Described cooling outer circulation loop is provided with outer circulation coolant pump (P-2) and rotational speed governor (SC003) thereof, and described outer circulation coolant pump (P-2) and rotational speed governor (SC003) thereof are installed on the pipeline in cooling outer circulation loop;

Described electric power output loop comprises direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), energy storage device (400), inverter (AC/DC), isolating diode (D-1), charge controller (CC-1), host switch (S1) and A.C. contactor (ET007), the output of described fuel cell pile (200) links to each other with the input of described direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) by described host switch (S1), the output of described direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) links to each other with described energy storage device (400) with isolating diode (D-1) by described charge controller (CC-1), the output of described direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) links to each other with user side (100) with described inverter (AC/DC) simultaneously, and described inverter (AC/DC) links to each other with AC network (AC) by described A.C. contactor (ET007);

The input of described direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) is equipped with current sensor (ET003) and voltage sensor (ET004);

Described direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), energy storage device (400), inverter (AC/DC), isolating diode (D-1), charge controller (CC-1), host switch (S1) and A.C. contactor (ET007) and each transducer link to each other with described central controller (300) respectively.

2. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein said electric power output loop also comprises subsidiary engine switch (S2), at least one DC converter, described subsidiary engine switch (S2) links to each other respectively with the output of described fuel cell pile (200), the output of energy storage device (400) and the input of DC converter, and the output of described DC converter links to each other with described subsidiary engine power terminal (500) respectively.

3. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: wherein said hydrogen loop is provided with manual gas pressure-reducing valve (PIC003), and described manual gas pressure-reducing valve (PIC003) is installed on the high pressure hydrogen inlet pipeline of described first electromagnetically operated valve (SV-002) front end.

4. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: wherein said central controller (300) is made up of processor, memory and man-machine interface.

5. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: wherein said energy storage device (400) adopts lead acid accumulator or ultracapacitor.

6. the control method of a fuel cell stand-by power supply control system, this method adopts the arbitrary described fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of claim 1-5, fuel cell pile (200) is set, the hydrogen loop, air flue, circulation circuit in the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller (300), described fuel cell pile (200) is connected with monolithic voltage detector (CVM001300), described electric power output loop is provided with direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), energy storage device (400), charge controller (CC-1) and inverter (AC/DC) is characterized in that: described central controller (300) is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system start-up:

110) electrical network or described energy storage device begin, to open second pressure sensor (PT004) inspection and interrupt by " start " pushbutton enable system to after described central controller (300) and the system's subsidiary engine power supply; Open bus voltage Vbus and check interruption; Each sensor data acquisition begins and enables to report to the police to interrupt;

120) judge whether busbar voltage is lower than predeterminated voltage, promptly Vbus＜Vstartup does not perhaps have high-tension electricity and supplies with, if carry out next step; If not, the shielding enabling signal, the shutdown response signal of performing fighting, satisfying condition then jumps to shutdown programm, returns previous step;

130) open first electromagnetically operated valve (SV-002) and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve (SV010), close second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008), open the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009), control air pump (K-1) is with the 15%-50% work 1-5s of specified air inflow, and is constant in then specified air inflow 10%-30% continuous firing;

140) start coolant circulation pump (P-1), hydrogen recycle pump (P-3) begins with normal speed work; Opening monolithic voltage detector (CVM001300) regular check interrupts; Open the inspections of first pressure sensor (PT001) and second pressure sensor (PT004) and interrupt, guarantee the supply of hydrogen; Open direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), externally output of described fuel cell pile (200) beginning;

150) whether the output current of judging described fuel cell pile (200) is greater than predetermined current, if carry out next step; If not, carry out the 170th) step;

160) subsidiary engine switch (S2) is switched on the described fuel cell pile (200);

170) by PID control flows quantity sensor (FT001), make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion, when air inlet amount during less than default minimum air inflow, the air demand of air pump (K-1) is constant to be this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

180) setting Imax is the several times of cooling-water temperature sensor (TE001) registration;

190) whether judge cooling-water temperature sensor (TE001) less than preset temperature, this preset temperature is 45 ℃～80 ℃, if return the 150th) step; If not, carry out next step;

200) rotational speed governor (SC003) by PID control outer circulation coolant pump (P-2), 50-80 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile (200) of control water temperature transducer (TE001);

210) by PID control air inlet stoichiometric proportion, make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion, when air inlet amount during less than default minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump (K-1) is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

220) set Imax with the slope of fuel cell pile (200) output-current rating per second 1%-5%;

230) judge whether output current and the maximum charging current sum of Imax, if carry out next step more than or equal to direct current power converting means (DC/DC1); If not, return the 200th) step;

240) by 50-80 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile (200) of PID control water temperature transducer (TE001);

250) by PID control flows quantity sensor (FT001), make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion, when air inlet amount during less than predetermined minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump (K-1) is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;

260) judge whether that the rate of change of electric current is greater than the 220th) go on foot the slope of setting, if return the 200th) step; If not, return the 240th) the step circulation.

7. the control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described central controller (300) is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system closedown:

300) detect and not to be raised to default shutdown voltage on the bus 102 voltage Vbus, i.e. Vbus＞Vshutdown is if carry out next step;

310) setting direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) output Imax is a preset value;

320) shielding monolithic voltage detector (CVM001300) status checkout interrupts;

330) open second electromagnetically operated valve (SV008), close the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV009);

340) air pump (K-1) supply of electric power is switched to energy storage device (400) and keeps 10% rated speed;

350) judge that whether direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) output is less than default final voltage, if carry out next step; If not, return the 330th) the step circulation;

360) close direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), close air pump (K-1), shutdown finishes, and enters holding state.

8. according to the control method of claim 6 or 7 described fuel cell stand-by power supply control system, it is characterized in that: in the control sequence execution in step of described central controller (300) to system start-up, with the 170th) step, the 210th) step, the 250th) step replaces with following step respectively, then, carry out its separately next step respectively: (ET003) obtains the output current of fuel cell pile (200) by current sensor; Monolithic battery number * stoichiometric proportion/the air that calculates the output current * 0.0035 * fuel cell pile (200) of air inlet amount=fuel cell pile (200) contains the oxygen ratio; According to the flow rate pressure corresponding relation of air pump (K-1), obtain the inlet pressure value of air pump (K-1); The rotating speed of regulating air pump (K-1) reaches this inlet pressure value.

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