CN102012324A - Ultrasonic drilling device - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

一种超声波钻探器，属超声工程技术领域。从钻探器后端向前端依次由预紧螺栓(1)、端盖(2)、压电材料(3)、变幅杆(4)、自由质量块(5)、钻杆(6)组成;其中上述预紧螺栓(1)旋入变幅杆(4)尾部，将压电材料(3)固定于端盖(2)与变幅杆(4)尾部之间；上述变幅杆(4)头部与钻杆(6)尾部的螺杆相连，上述自由质量块(5)套在钻杆(6)尾部的螺杆上；在上述压电材料(3)中通入交流电。本发明与现有电钻相比，结构紧凑，只有6个运动部件，结构简单、体积小、重量轻；能耗低；无需提供轴向力；整个装置无旋转运动，无需保持旋转力矩；不存在运动副，不需要润滑等优点。

An ultrasonic drill belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic engineering. From the rear end to the front end of the drill, it consists of pre-tightening bolts (1), end caps (2), piezoelectric materials (3), horns (4), free mass blocks (5), and drill pipes (6); Wherein the above-mentioned pre-tightening bolt (1) is screwed into the tail of the horn (4), and the piezoelectric material (3) is fixed between the end cover (2) and the tail of the horn (4); the horn (4) The head is connected to the screw rod at the tail of the drill rod (6), and the above-mentioned free mass block (5) is sleeved on the screw rod at the tail of the drill rod (6); an alternating current is fed into the above-mentioned piezoelectric material (3). Compared with the existing electric drill, the present invention has compact structure, only 6 moving parts, simple structure, small volume, light weight; low energy consumption; no need to provide axial force; no rotational movement of the whole device, no need to maintain rotational torque; no Motion pair, no need for lubrication and other advantages.

Description

Translated fromChinese

超声波钻探器ultrasonic drill

技术领域：Technical field:

   本发明涉及一种超声波钻探器，属超声工程技术领域中的超声波钻探采样技术。The invention relates to an ultrasonic drill, which belongs to the ultrasonic drilling sampling technology in the field of ultrasonic engineering technology.

背景技术：Background technique:

 随着我国航空航天事业的发展和技术进步以及综合国力的增强，深空探测已经在进行中，如月球探测工程的实施就是一个重要的标志。在月球探测，乃至在未来其他星球深空探测任务中，“采样”是一个必不可少的重要任务。特别是在外星球表面或表下直接钻探并要得到样品，无论是进行实时分析，还是将样品带回地球后再作进一步研究，都具有重要的研究和分析价值。但是，在外星球上钻探和采样，必然会受到各种各样条件的限制，采样在地球上比较容易，但在外星球上却相当难。例如传统的采样装置的体积很大、重量很大、能耗高大约会有六、七百瓦、在特殊的环境条件（真空、高温或低温、失重）、和较小的工作平台（如月球巡视车或专用机器人）等等下振动很大，会影响平台电子元件的正常工作，同时工作时消耗的电力很多，影响了系统整体的电力匹配，并且传统的采样装置在工作时需要施加轴向力，这就会进一步的增加平台的质量，对于月球巡视车或专用机器人等平台，增加质量就会大幅的增加发射成本，会对整个探测工程带来很大的难度。With the development of my country's aerospace industry, technological progress and the enhancement of comprehensive national strength, deep space exploration is already underway, such as the implementation of the lunar exploration project is an important symbol. In lunar exploration, and even in future deep space exploration missions on other planets, "sampling" is an essential and important task. In particular, it is of great research and analysis value to drill directly on or under the surface of an alien planet and obtain samples, whether it is for real-time analysis or for further research after bringing the samples back to Earth. However, drilling and sampling on alien planets will inevitably be restricted by various conditions. Sampling is relatively easy on the earth, but it is quite difficult on alien planets. For example, traditional sampling devices are large in size, heavy in weight, and have high energy consumption of about six or seven hundred watts. Under special environmental conditions (vacuum, high or low temperature, weightlessness), and smaller working platforms (such as the moon Patrol vehicle or special robot), etc., will affect the normal operation of the electronic components of the platform. At the same time, it consumes a lot of power, which affects the overall power matching of the system. In addition, the traditional sampling device needs to apply axial This will further increase the quality of the platform. For platforms such as lunar patrol vehicles or special robots, increasing the quality will greatly increase the launch cost, which will bring great difficulties to the entire exploration project.

发明内容：Invention content:

本发明的目的在于提供一种功率消耗小，不需要增加轴向力，质量较小的超声波钻探器。这种超声波钻探器，其特征在于从钻探器后端向前端依次由预紧螺栓、端盖、压电材料、变幅杆、自由质量块、钻杆组成；其中上述预紧螺栓旋入变幅杆尾部，将压电材料固定于端盖与变幅杆尾部之间；上述变幅杆头部与钻杆尾部通过螺杆相连，上述自由质量块套在螺杆上；在上述压电材料通入交流电压。The object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic drill with low power consumption, no need to increase axial force and low mass. This ultrasonic drill is characterized in that it is composed of pre-tightening bolts, end caps, piezoelectric materials, horns, free mass blocks, and drill rods from the rear end to the front end of the drilling device; wherein the above-mentioned pre-tightening bolts are screwed into the luffing At the end of the rod, the piezoelectric material is fixed between the end cover and the end of the horn; the head of the horn is connected to the tail of the drill pipe through a screw, and the free mass block is set on the screw; the piezoelectric material is connected to the AC Voltage.

上述超声波钻探器的激励方式，其特征在于：给压电材料施加交流电压，利用压电材料的逆压电效应，驱使压电材料产生超声频率的共振，利用其共振中的纵振，通过变幅杆的使头部振幅放大，从而将能量传递到钻杆；上述该质量块依靠压电单晶的能量的激励和振动耦合作用，在变幅杆头部和钻杆尾部之间产生声波频率的往复碰撞；这种冲击强度超过岩石的压溃强度时，钻头与岩石接触部位的岩石就破碎了，从而达到钻探的目的。The excitation method of the above-mentioned ultrasonic drill is characterized in that an AC voltage is applied to the piezoelectric material, and the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material is used to drive the piezoelectric material to generate resonance at an ultrasonic frequency, and the longitudinal vibration in the resonance is used to change The amplitude of the head of the horn is amplified, thereby transferring energy to the drill pipe; the above-mentioned quality block relies on the excitation and vibration coupling of the energy of the piezoelectric single crystal to generate an acoustic frequency between the head of the horn and the tail of the drill pipe When the impact strength exceeds the crushing strength of the rock, the rock at the contact point between the drill bit and the rock will be broken, so as to achieve the purpose of drilling.

上述超声波钻探器的压电材料可以采用压电单晶或纵振压电陶瓷PZT-8。压电单晶性能优越但价格昂贵。The piezoelectric material of the above ultrasonic drill can be piezoelectric single crystal or longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic PZT-8. Piezoelectric single crystals have superior performance but are expensive.

普通的冲击钻消耗功率很大，大约会有六、七百瓦。该超声波钻探器的功耗小，大约为十瓦左右。一般的冲击钻能配套多种大小的钻头，一般情况下钻孔的最大直径为5厘米，而超声波钻探器体积小，且主要用于取样，取到被钻介质的粉末即达目的，故其钻孔大小不做考虑。冲击钻依靠旋转和冲击来工作，单一的冲击是非常轻微的，每分钟有20000多次的冲击频率可产生连续的力，而超声波钻探器的冲击频率就高得多，并且该钻探器工作时并不需要旋转运动。冲击钻需要提供很大的轴向冲击力才能工作，而新型超声波钻探器不需要提供外部轴向力，仅靠其自身重力及惯性作用即可工作。Ordinary impact drills consume a lot of power, about six or seven hundred watts. The power consumption of the ultrasonic drill is small, about ten watts. The general percussion drill can be equipped with drill bits of various sizes. Generally, the maximum diameter of the drill hole is 5 cm, while the ultrasonic drill is small in size and is mainly used for sampling. The powder of the drilled medium can achieve the purpose, so its The hole size is not taken into account. The impact drill works by rotation and impact. A single impact is very slight, and the impact frequency of more than 20,000 times per minute can produce continuous force, while the impact frequency of the ultrasonic drill is much higher, and when the drill works No rotational movement is required. The impact drill needs to provide a large axial impact force to work, but the new ultrasonic drill does not need to provide external axial force, and can work only by its own gravity and inertia.

    本发明与现有电钻相比有如下优点：（1）只有六个运动部件，结构简单、体积小、重量轻；（2）能耗低；无需提供轴向力；（3）整个装置无旋转运动，无需保持旋转力矩；（4）不存在运动副，不需要润滑；（5）钻头无需刃口，因而不存在钻头磨钝问题；（6）根据钻头材料的不同，可在高温或低温条件下工作；（7）可用于硬度大的物质，如花岗岩、玄武岩、沙岩、凝灰岩等；也适应于中等硬度的物质，如闪长岩和石灰石等；（8）可钻取任意截面形状的样品或孔洞；（9）它可以根据钻探、采样的不同要求，采用不同结构形式的钻杆及钻头。（10）可以以外星球着陆探测器为工作平台、能适应外星球特殊环境、并能在外星球地表下获取各种分析样品，该钻探器具有结构轻巧,便于携带,能适应特殊环境条件,钻探能力强,适应多种硬度的介质等特点。Compared with the existing electric drill, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) only six moving parts, simple structure, small size and light weight; (2) low energy consumption; no need to provide axial force; (3) the whole device does not rotate (4) There is no kinematic pair and no lubrication is required; (5) The drill does not need a cutting edge, so there is no blunt problem of the drill; (6) Depending on the material of the drill, it can be used at high or low temperatures (7) It can be used for materials with high hardness, such as granite, basalt, sandstone, tuff, etc.; it is also suitable for materials with medium hardness, such as diorite and limestone; (8) It can drill any cross-sectional shape (9) It can adopt different structural forms of drill pipes and drill bits according to different requirements of drilling and sampling. (10) The extraterrestrial landing probe can be used as a working platform, can adapt to the special environment of the alien planet, and can obtain various analysis samples under the surface of the alien planet. The drill has a light structure, is easy to carry, can adapt to special environmental conditions, and has drilling capabilities Strong, suitable for a variety of hardness media and other characteristics.

附图说明：Description of drawings:

图1是超声波钻探器的模态分析图；Figure 1 is a modal analysis diagram of an ultrasonic drill;

图2是超声波钻探器的谐响应分析图；Fig. 2 is the harmonic response analysis diagram of the ultrasonic drill;

图3是超声波钻探器；Fig. 3 is an ultrasonic drill;

图4是超声波钻探器的装配图；Fig. 4 is the assembly drawing of ultrasonic drill;

图中标记名称：1、预紧螺栓，2、后端盖，3、压电材料，4、变幅杆，5、自由质量，6 钻杆。Marking names in the figure: 1. Pre-tightening bolts, 2. Rear end cover, 3. Piezoelectric material, 4. Horn, 5. Free mass, 6. Drill pipe.

具体实施方式：Detailed ways:

先设计超声波钻探器的变幅杆，使的变幅杆前端的振幅尽可能的大，取一组数据，首先确定压电陶瓷的尺寸，大概为外径25毫米内径10毫米，厚度为5毫米，初步采用4片，然后对后端盖和变幅杆的尾部直径取20—30毫米，厚度取7—14毫米，变幅杆的头部取60—100毫米，直径取6—12毫米，钻杆的尺寸基本确定在直径3毫米，长度60毫米左右，在设定后，写出优化的目标函数，然后用ANSYS进行优化设计，可以得到一组最优的的尺寸，同时为了便于加工，取这组最优的尺寸为整数，然后加工制作超声波钻探器，之后再压电陶瓷上通入超声波频率的高频交流激励电压激发振动，这时超声波钻探器就处于工作状态。 Design the horn of the ultrasonic drill first, so that the amplitude of the front end of the horn is as large as possible, take a set of data, and first determine the size of the piezoelectric ceramic, which is about 25 mm in outer diameter and 10 mm in inner diameter, and 5 mm in thickness , 4 pieces are initially used, and then the diameter of the rear end cover and the horn tail is 20-30 mm, the thickness is 7-14 mm, the head of the horn is 60-100 mm, and the diameter is 6-12 mm. The size of the drill pipe is basically determined at a diameter of 3mm and a length of about 60mm. After setting, write the optimized objective function, and then use ANSYS to optimize the design, and a set of optimal dimensions can be obtained. At the same time, in order to facilitate processing, Take the optimal size of this group as an integer, and then process and manufacture the ultrasonic drill, and then pass the high-frequency AC excitation voltage of ultrasonic frequency to the piezoelectric ceramic to excite vibration, and the ultrasonic drill is in working state at this time. the

上述实例中最后选定的压电陶瓷是纵振压电陶瓷PZT-8，具体尺寸是外径20毫米，内径10毫米，厚度3毫米，采用6片；后端盖和变幅杆的尾部直径取28毫米，厚度取10毫米，变幅杆的头部取80毫米，直径取8毫米，钻杆的尺寸基本确定在直径3毫米，长度80毫米左右。自由质量块质量为2克；上述压电材料为纵振压电陶瓷PZT-8；该纵振压电陶瓷通入的交流电压为300伏。实验结果为对于对于红砖，瓦片，混凝土等可以在20多秒内钻出直径3毫米深1.5毫米的孔，时间更长，孔的深度越大；而对于花岗岩，大理石等硬度很高，纹理细致的岩石则效果不太明显，需要进行继续研究。The final piezoelectric ceramic selected in the above example is the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic PZT-8, the specific size is 20 mm in outer diameter, 10 mm in inner diameter, 3 mm in thickness, and 6 pieces are used; the rear end cover and the tail diameter of the horn Take 28 mm, the thickness is 10 mm, the head of the horn is 80 mm, and the diameter is 8 mm. The size of the drill pipe is basically determined at 3 mm in diameter and about 80 mm in length. The mass of the free mass block is 2 grams; the above-mentioned piezoelectric material is the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic PZT-8; the alternating voltage of the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic is 300 volts. The experimental results show that for red bricks, tiles, concrete, etc., a hole with a diameter of 3 mm and a depth of 1.5 mm can be drilled in more than 20 seconds, and the longer the time, the greater the depth of the hole; while for granite, marble, etc., the hardness is very high, Finely textured rocks are less effective and require further research.

    该超声波钻探器由预紧螺栓、端盖、压电材料、变幅杆、自由质量块、钻杆六部分组成，变幅杆主要作用有两个：一是将机械振动位移或速度振幅放大，同时把能量集中在较小的辐射面上，即聚能作用；另一个作用是作为机械阻抗的变换器，使超声能量由超声聚能器更有效地向负载传输。通过在电极片上施加超声波频率的高频交流激励电压，利用压电材料的逆压电效应，驱使压电材料产生超声频率的共振（主要指纵振），并通过变幅杆使前端振幅得到放大；自由质量依靠压电材料的能量的激励和振动耦合作用，在变幅杆头部和钻杆尾部之间产生声波频率的往复碰撞；这种冲击强度累积超过岩石的疲劳强度时，钻头与岩石接触部位的岩石就破碎了，从而达到钻探的目的。The ultrasonic drill consists of six parts: pre-tightening bolts, end caps, piezoelectric materials, horns, free mass blocks, and drill pipes. The horn has two main functions: one is to amplify the mechanical vibration displacement or velocity amplitude, At the same time, the energy is concentrated on a smaller radiation surface, that is, the energy gathering effect; the other function is as a converter of mechanical impedance, so that the ultrasonic energy is transmitted from the ultrasonic energy concentrator to the load more effectively. By applying a high-frequency AC excitation voltage of ultrasonic frequency on the electrode sheet, using the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric material is driven to generate resonance of the ultrasonic frequency (mainly refers to longitudinal vibration), and the amplitude of the front end is amplified through the horn ; The free mass relies on the energy excitation and vibration coupling of the piezoelectric material to generate a reciprocating collision of the acoustic frequency between the horn head and the drill pipe tail; when the impact strength accumulates beyond the fatigue strength of the rock, the drill bit and the rock The rock in the contact part is broken, so as to achieve the purpose of drilling.

Claims (6)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种超声波钻探器，其特征在于：从钻探器后端向前端依次由预紧螺栓（1）、端盖（2）、压电材料（3）、变幅杆（4）、自由质量块（5）、钻杆（6）组成;其中上述预紧螺栓（1）旋入变幅杆（4）尾部，将压电材料（3）固定于端盖（2）与变幅杆（4）尾部之间；上述变幅杆（4）头部与钻杆（6）尾部的螺杆相连，上述自由质量块（5）套在钻杆（6）尾部的螺杆上；在上述压电材料（3）中通入交流电。1. An ultrasonic drilling device, characterized in that: from the rear end of the drilling device to the front end, there are pre-tightening bolts (1), end caps (2), piezoelectric materials (3), horns (4), free mass block (5) and drill pipe (6); wherein the above-mentioned pre-tightening bolt (1) is screwed into the tail of the horn (4), and the piezoelectric material (3) is fixed on the end cover (2) and the horn (4) ) between the tails; the head of the above-mentioned horn (4) is connected with the screw at the tail of the drill rod (6), and the above-mentioned free mass block (5) is set on the screw at the tail of the drill rod (6); in the above-mentioned piezoelectric material ( 3) Into the alternating current.2.根据权利要求1所述的超声波钻探器，其特征在于：上述压电材料（3）为压电单晶。2. The ultrasonic drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the piezoelectric material (3) is a piezoelectric single crystal.3.根据权利要求1所述的超声波钻探器，其特征在于：上述自由质量块（5）质量为1.8-2.2克；上述压电材料（3）为纵振压电陶瓷；该纵振压电陶瓷通入的交流电压为200-400伏。3. The ultrasonic drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: the free mass block (5) has a mass of 1.8-2.2 grams; the piezoelectric material (3) is a longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic; the longitudinal vibration piezoelectric The AC voltage of the ceramic is 200-400 volts.4.根据权利要求1所述的超声波钻探器，其特征在于：上述压电材料（3）为纵振压电陶瓷PZT-8，具体尺寸是外径20毫米，内径10毫米，厚度3毫米，采用6片；上述端盖（2）和变幅杆（4）的尾部直径为28毫米，总厚度为10毫米；变幅杆的头部直径为8毫米，长度为80毫米；钻杆（6）的直径为3毫米，长度为80毫米；上述自由质量块（5）的质量为2克；上述压电材料为纵振压电陶瓷PZT-8；所述通入的交流电的电压为300伏。4. The ultrasonic drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: the piezoelectric material (3) is longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic PZT-8, the specific size is 20 mm in outer diameter, 10 mm in inner diameter, and 3 mm in thickness, 6 pieces are used; the diameter of the tail of the above-mentioned end cap (2) and the horn (4) is 28 mm, and the total thickness is 10 mm; the diameter of the head of the horn is 8 mm, and the length is 80 mm; the drill pipe (6 ) has a diameter of 3 millimeters and a length of 80 millimeters; the mass of the above-mentioned free mass (5) is 2 grams; the above-mentioned piezoelectric material is a longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic PZT-8; the voltage of the alternating current is 300 volts .5.根据权利要求1所述的超声波钻探器的激励方式，其特征在于：给压电材料（3）施加交流电压，利用压电材料的逆压电效应，驱使压电材料产生超声频率的共振，利用其共振中的纵振，通过变幅杆（4）的使头部振幅放大，从而将能量传递到钻杆（6）；上述该质量块依靠压电材料（3）的能量的激励和振动耦合作用，在变幅杆（4）头部和钻杆尾部之间产生声波频率的往复碰撞；这种冲击强度累积超过岩石的疲劳强度时，钻头与岩石接触部位的岩石就破碎了，从而达到钻探的目的。5. The excitation method of the ultrasonic drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: apply an AC voltage to the piezoelectric material (3), and use the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material to drive the piezoelectric material to generate resonance at an ultrasonic frequency , using the longitudinal vibration in its resonance, the amplitude of the head is amplified through the horn (4), so as to transfer the energy to the drill pipe (6); the above-mentioned mass depends on the excitation and energy of the piezoelectric material (3) Vibration coupling produces a reciprocating collision of acoustic frequency between the head of the horn (4) and the tail of the drill pipe; when the accumulated impact strength exceeds the fatigue strength of the rock, the rock at the contact point between the drill bit and the rock will be broken, thus achieve the purpose of drilling.6.根据权利要求5所述的超声波钻探器的激励方式，其特征在于：上述自由质量块（5）质量为1.8-2.2克；上述压电材料（3）为纵振压电陶瓷；该纵振压电陶瓷通入的交流电压为200-400伏。6. The excitation method of the ultrasonic drill according to claim 5, characterized in that: the free mass block (5) has a mass of 1.8-2.2 grams; the piezoelectric material (3) is a longitudinal vibration piezoelectric ceramic; The AC voltage fed into the vibrating piezoelectric ceramic is 200-400 volts.

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