CN101862998B - Modular freely-assembled polishing wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

模块式可自由组装抛光轮，涉及一种抛光工具。提供一种结构简单且实用的模块式可自由组装抛光轮。设有轴承、抛光盘、线圈、块状磁芯、隔磁片、片状磁芯组、连接销、端盖、定位销、支座、导线通孔、支撑轴、单片机和电刷。支撑轴为中空轴，单片机固定在支撑轴内表面，单片机控制信号输出端分别接块状磁芯和片状磁芯组的线圈；块状磁芯和片状磁芯组与单片机相连；抛光盘与支撑轴连接，块状磁芯和片状磁芯组设在抛光盘内，块状磁芯中的磁芯为一整块，每一组片状磁芯组设有4～8小磁芯；相邻两块状磁芯，或两片状磁芯组，或块状磁芯与片状磁芯组之间设有隔磁片；块状磁芯和片状磁芯组分别固定在支座上，支座固定在支撑轴上，支撑轴外接机床部件。

A modular polishing wheel that can be assembled freely relates to a polishing tool. A simple and practical modular polishing wheel which can be assembled freely is provided. It is equipped with bearings, polishing disks, coils, block magnetic cores, magnetic isolation sheets, sheet magnetic core groups, connecting pins, end covers, positioning pins, supports, wire through holes, supporting shafts, single-chip microcomputers and electric brushes. The support shaft is a hollow shaft, the single-chip microcomputer is fixed on the inner surface of the support shaft, and the control signal output terminals of the single-chip microcomputer are respectively connected to the coils of the block magnetic core and the sheet magnetic core group; the block magnetic core and the sheet magnetic core group are connected to the single-chip computer; the polishing disc Connected with the supporting shaft, the block core and chip core group are set in the polishing disc, the core in the block core is a whole block, and each group of chip core group is equipped with 4 to 8 small cores ; Two adjacent block magnetic cores, or two sheet magnetic core groups, or a magnetic spacer is provided between the block magnetic core and the sheet magnetic core group; the block magnetic core and the sheet magnetic core group are respectively fixed on the support On the seat, the support is fixed on the support shaft, and the support shaft is externally connected to the machine tool components.

Description

Translated fromChinese

模块式可自由组装抛光轮Modular freely assembleable polishing wheels

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种抛光工具，尤其是涉及包含如V型、球型等槽的复杂平面或复杂曲面的加工工具的模块式可自由组装抛光轮。The invention relates to a polishing tool, in particular to a modular free-to-assemble polishing wheel for processing tools with complex planes or complex curved surfaces such as V-shaped and spherical grooves.

背景技术Background technique

随着现代科学技术的发展，对高性能的含有V型槽等的复杂平面、复杂曲面零件的需求越来越迫切。在激光核聚变、航空、航天、宇宙探测、军事侦察以及彩色显像管制造业等诸多领域对非球面光学部件的要求与日俱增，远远超过了传统光学制造业的生产能力。通常情况下，要求最终生产的光学元件具有高的面形精度、好的表面质量及尽量减少亚表面破坏层。一般光学的表面品质最终由抛光这道工序决定。传统的抛光技术在进行抛光的同时在工件表面残留破坏层，对于不规则曲面的抛光亦有很大的缺憾，而磁流变抛光是利用磁流变液的相变特性来进行抛光，属于柔性抛光，不会在其工件表面残留破坏层，而且加工效率比较高，是抛光区域为可控的柔性抛光，不会在其工件表面残留破坏层，而且加工效率比较高，尤其是在对不规则曲面进行抛光时更能体现其优越性。它能够顺利进行的两个前提条件：一是提供适合于磁流变抛光的梯度磁场，二是配制出具有良好流变性的磁流变抛光液(J.A.Tichy.Hydrodynamic lubrication theory for the Binhham plastic flow model.[J].Rheol，1991，35(4)：477-496)。With the development of modern science and technology, the demand for high-performance parts with complex planes and curved surfaces including V-shaped grooves is becoming more and more urgent. In many fields such as laser nuclear fusion, aviation, aerospace, space exploration, military reconnaissance, and color picture tube manufacturing, the requirements for aspheric optical components are increasing day by day, far exceeding the production capacity of traditional optical manufacturing. Usually, the optical components produced in the end are required to have high surface accuracy, good surface quality and minimize subsurface damage layer. The surface quality of general optics is ultimately determined by the polishing process. The traditional polishing technology leaves a damaged layer on the surface of the workpiece while polishing, which also has great shortcomings for the polishing of irregular curved surfaces. Magneto-rheological polishing uses the phase change characteristics of magnetorheological fluid to polish, which is a flexible Polishing, no damage layer will be left on the surface of the workpiece, and the processing efficiency is relatively high. Its superiority can be better reflected when the curved surface is polished. There are two prerequisites for its smooth operation: one is to provide a gradient magnetic field suitable for magnetorheological polishing, and the other is to prepare a magnetorheological polishing fluid with good rheology (J.A.Tichy.Hydrodynamic lubrication theory for the Binhham plastic flow model .[J].Rheol, 1991, 35(4):477-496).

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于针对磁流变抛光技术能顺利进行的需要提供适合于磁流变抛光的梯度磁场的条件，提供一种结构简单且实用的模块式可自由组装抛光轮，实现对复杂平面、复杂曲面零件的超精密抛光。The purpose of the present invention is to provide the gradient magnetic field conditions suitable for magnetorheological polishing to meet the requirement that the magnetorheological polishing technology can be carried out smoothly, and to provide a simple and practical modular polishing wheel that can be assembled freely, so as to realize complex plane, Ultra-precision polishing of complex curved parts.

本发明设有轴承、抛光盘、线圈、块状磁芯、隔磁片、片状磁芯组、连接销、端盖、定位销、支座、导线通孔、支撑轴、单片机和电刷。The invention is provided with a bearing, a polishing disc, a coil, a block magnetic core, a magnetic isolation sheet, a sheet magnetic core group, a connecting pin, an end cover, a positioning pin, a support, a wire through hole, a supporting shaft, a single-chip microcomputer and an electric brush.

支撑轴为中空轴，单片机固定在支撑轴内表面，单片机的输入信号端口接外部信号源，单片机控制信号输出端分别接块状磁芯和片状磁芯组的线圈，电源、外部信号和接地线的引线通过电刷引入单片机，由单片机将输入的信号转换成相应各个块状磁芯和片状磁芯组中线圈电流的控制信号；块状磁芯和片状磁芯组的线圈电流线通过设于支撑轴上的导线通孔与单片机相连；抛光盘通过轴承与支撑轴连接，块状磁芯和片状磁芯组设在抛光盘内，块状磁芯中的磁芯为一整块，外部设有线圈，每一组片状磁芯组设有4～8小磁芯，每片小磁芯外都设有线圈，每个片状磁芯组中所有小磁芯通过定位销连接为一个整体的片状磁芯组；相邻两块状磁芯，或两片状磁芯组，或块状磁芯与片状磁芯组之间设有隔磁片，用于相邻磁芯之间的隔磁；抛光盘内所有块状磁芯和片状磁芯组分别固定在支座上，支座固定在支撑轴上，支撑轴外接机床部件。The support shaft is a hollow shaft, and the single-chip microcomputer is fixed on the inner surface of the support shaft. The input signal port of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to an external signal source. The lead wire of the line is introduced into the single-chip microcomputer through the brush, and the single-chip microcomputer converts the input signal into a control signal corresponding to the coil current in each block magnetic core and sheet magnetic core group; the coil current wire of the block magnetic core and chip magnetic core group It is connected to the single-chip microcomputer through the wire hole on the support shaft; the polishing disc is connected to the support shaft through the bearing, and the block magnetic core and the sheet magnetic core are set in the polishing disc, and the magnetic core in the block magnetic core is a whole block, with coils on the outside, each group of chip cores is equipped with 4 to 8 small cores, each small core is equipped with coils, and all small cores in each chip core group pass through positioning pins A chip core group connected as a whole; two adjacent block cores, or two sheet core groups, or a magnetic isolation sheet is provided between a block core and a chip core group for adjacent The magnetic isolation between the magnetic cores; all the block magnetic cores and sheet magnetic core groups in the polishing disc are respectively fixed on the support, the support is fixed on the support shaft, and the support shaft is externally connected to the machine tool components.

所述抛光盘可为顶部薄，两侧厚的中空壳体结构，抛光盘顶部形状与被抛光的复杂面上槽的形状相对应，抛光盘可由6个等分的扇形抛光盘组成，各个扇形抛光盘分别与端盖通过连接销固定。The polishing disk can be a hollow shell structure with a thin top and thick sides. The shape of the top of the polishing disk corresponds to the shape of the groove on the complex surface to be polished. The polishing disk can be composed of 6 equally divided fan-shaped polishing disks, each The fan-shaped polishing discs are respectively fixed with the end caps through connecting pins.

所述块状磁芯和片状磁芯组与抛光盘顶部形状相对应，块状磁芯可设有1～4个，片状磁芯组可设有1～4个，对于抛光盘上比较容易实现的外凸式抛光段通常选用块状磁芯与之匹配，而较难实现的内凹式抛光段则通常选用片状磁芯组。The block magnetic core and the sheet magnetic core group correspond to the shape of the top of the polishing disc. There can be 1 to 4 block magnetic cores, and 1 to 4 sheet magnetic core groups. For comparison on the polishing disc The easy-to-achieve convex polished section is usually matched with a block core, while the more difficult-to-achieve concave polished section is usually selected from a chip core group.

对于顶部形状不同的抛光段，所对应块状磁芯的顶部形状也不一样。For the polishing segments with different top shapes, the top shapes of the corresponding bulk magnetic cores are also different.

支座可通过紧固螺钉固定在支撑轴上。The support can be fixed on the support shaft by fastening screws.

在实际抛光中，需要抛光零件的复杂表面可能包含不同形状的槽，此时可以根据抛光面的形状来改变抛光盘，选择和被抛光面形状相似的抛光盘，抛光盘内部则选择与该抛光盘相匹配的块状磁芯或片状磁芯组。对于抛光盘上比较容易实现的外凸式抛光段通常选用块状磁芯与之匹配，而较难实现的内凹式抛光段则通常选用片状磁芯组与之匹配。由于抛光盘和与之对应的内部磁芯尺寸已做成模块，尺寸已标准化，内部磁芯自由组装后通过螺钉固定在支撑轴上，外抛光盘则通过销与端盖固定。通过抛光盘和与之匹配的磁芯或磁芯组的自由组装，可以实现实际中多种复杂平面或复杂曲面的抛光。In actual polishing, the complex surface of the part to be polished may contain grooves of different shapes. At this time, the polishing disc can be changed according to the shape of the polishing surface. A set of block cores or chip cores matched to an optical disc. For the convex polishing section that is easier to realize on the polishing disc, a block magnetic core is usually selected to match it, while the concave polishing section that is difficult to realize is usually matched with a chip magnetic core group. Since the size of the polishing disk and the corresponding internal magnetic core has been made into a module, the size has been standardized. After the internal magnetic core is assembled freely, it is fixed on the support shaft by screws, and the external polishing disk is fixed by pins and end caps. Through the free assembly of the polishing disk and the matching magnetic core or magnetic core group, the polishing of various complex planes or complex curved surfaces can be realized in practice.

抛光前根据实际需要选择抛光盘后，组装上与抛光盘匹配的内部块状磁芯或片状磁芯组，固定和调整好它们和支撑轴间的相对位置以及各磁体的气隙(空隙)大小，相邻两块状磁芯或两片状磁芯组或块状磁芯和片状磁芯组之间用隔磁片相隔。抛光中抛光轮内部结构保持固定，利用控制系统输出的不同幅值的直流电对线圈通电，磁流变体附着在磁芯气隙上方的抛光盘的外壳上，通过各块状磁芯或片状磁芯组信号的大小和频率的改变使抛光盘相对旋转，由抛光盘带着磁流变体进行抛光。本发明提供的磁流变抛光功能强大，可提供更灵活的抛光需要。与现有的抛光轮相比，本发明具有以下突出特点：After selecting the polishing disk according to the actual needs before polishing, assemble the internal block magnetic core or sheet magnetic core group that matches the polishing disk, fix and adjust the relative position between them and the support shaft and the air gap (gap) of each magnet Size, two adjacent block magnetic cores or two sheet magnetic core groups or block magnetic cores and sheet magnetic core groups are separated by a magnetic spacer. During polishing, the internal structure of the polishing wheel remains fixed, and the coil is energized by the direct current of different amplitudes output by the control system. The change of the magnitude and frequency of the magnetic core group signal causes the polishing disc to rotate relatively, and the polishing disc carries the magneto-rheological body for polishing. The magnetorheological polishing provided by the invention has powerful functions and can provide more flexible polishing needs. Compared with existing polishing wheels, the present invention has the following prominent features:

1)可自由组装。可根据实际需要选择抛光盘的外部形状，而抛光轮内部块状磁芯和片状磁芯组的尺寸已模块化，做成标准尺寸，故可以直接根据抛光盘来选择合适的内部块状磁芯或片状磁芯组装在抛光轮上。对于不同形状的抛光面，可以选择组装不同的抛光盘和与之匹配的块状磁芯或片状磁芯组来满足要求，通用性好。1) Can be freely assembled. The external shape of the polishing disc can be selected according to the actual needs, and the size of the block magnetic core and chip core group inside the polishing wheel has been modularized and made into a standard size, so the appropriate internal block magnetic core can be selected directly according to the polishing disc. Cores or chip cores are assembled on polishing wheels. For different shapes of polishing surfaces, you can choose to assemble different polishing discs and matching block magnetic cores or sheet magnetic core groups to meet the requirements, and the versatility is good.

2)抛光精度高。磁流变抛光是利用磁流变液的相变特性来进行抛光，属于柔性抛光，不会在其工件表面残留破坏层。可保证高质量的精度。2) High polishing precision. Magneto-rheological polishing uses the phase-change characteristics of magnetorheological fluid to perform polishing. It is a flexible polishing and does not leave a damaged layer on the surface of the workpiece. High quality precision is guaranteed.

3)可控性好，加工效率高。通过控制电流的大小和频率等参数，理论上可以精确控制磨头的硬度和形状，可针对光学元件的形状实现点对点的加工，可大大提高加工效率。3) Good controllability and high processing efficiency. By controlling parameters such as the size and frequency of the current, the hardness and shape of the grinding head can be precisely controlled in theory, and point-to-point processing can be realized for the shape of optical components, which can greatly improve the processing efficiency.

4)加工稳定性高。因采用直流电对线圈通电，故不会产生磁滞损耗和涡流损耗，可以保持恒定的磁场；同时抛光中只有抛光盘带动磁流变体旋转抛光，而内部结构保持固定，从而确保加工中比较高的稳定性。4) High processing stability. Because the coil is energized by direct current, there will be no hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, and a constant magnetic field can be maintained; at the same time, only the polishing disc drives the magneto-rheological body to rotate and polish during polishing, while the internal structure remains fixed, thus ensuring a relatively high processing efficiency. stability.

5)操作简单。易于与机床配合，容易操作。5) Easy to operate. It is easy to cooperate with the machine tool and easy to operate.

由此可见，利用本发明对高精度复杂平面、复杂曲面进行抛光，能够有效加工出超光滑的表面，具有很大的研究价值和可行性。It can be seen that, using the present invention to polish high-precision complex planes and complex curved surfaces can effectively process ultra-smooth surfaces, which has great research value and feasibility.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例的模块式可自由组装抛光轮基本结构剖面示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the basic structure of a modular freely assembling polishing wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图2为本发明实施例的模块式可自由组装抛光轮基本结构示意图的左视图。Fig. 2 is a left view of the basic structural schematic diagram of the modular freely assembling polishing wheel according to the embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

参见图1和2，本发明实施例的基本结构主要设有轴承1、抛光盘2、线圈3、外V型槽块状磁芯4、隔磁片5、内V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7、内球型片状磁芯组8、连接销9、端盖10、定位销11，紧固螺钉12、支座13、导线通孔14、支撑轴15、单片机16、电刷17。支撑轴15为中空轴，单片机16固定在支撑轴15内表面，电源V、外部信号S和接地线G的引线通过电刷17引入单片机16，由单片机16将输入的信号转换成相应内外V型槽块状磁芯4、V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7、内球型片状磁芯组8中线圈电流的控制信号；外V型槽块状磁芯4、内V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7、内球型片状磁芯组8的线圈电流线通过设于支撑轴15上的导线通孔14与单片机16相连；通过轴承1与支撑轴15连接的抛光盘2为顶部薄，两侧厚的中空壳体结构，顶部的形状与被抛光复杂面相对应，抛光盘2由6个等分的扇形抛光盘组成，各个部分与端盖10通过连接销9固定；抛光盘2内部装有与其顶部形状相对应的尺寸标准化的内V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7、内球型片状磁芯组8；内V型槽片状磁芯组6和内球型片状磁芯组8由6片小磁芯组成，每片小磁芯外设有线圈3，内V型槽片状磁芯组6和内球型片状磁芯组8中所有小磁芯分别通过定位销11连接为一体；外V型槽块状磁芯4、内V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7、内球型片状磁芯组8相邻两者之间分别通过隔磁片5隔磁；外V型槽块状磁芯4、内V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7、内球型片状磁芯组8均固定在支座13上，支座13通过紧固螺钉12固定在支撑轴15上，支撑轴15外接机床部件。Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the basic structure of the embodiment of the present invention is mainly provided with abearing 1, apolishing disc 2, acoil 3, an outer V-groove block core 4, amagnetic isolation sheet 5, and an inner V-groove chip core group 6. Outer spherical blockmagnetic core 7, inner sphericalchip core group 8, connecting pin 9,end cover 10, positioningpin 11, fasteningscrew 12,support 13, wire throughhole 14, supportingshaft 15 , single-chip microcomputer 16,electric brush 17. Thesupport shaft 15 is a hollow shaft, and the single-chip microcomputer 16 is fixed on the inner surface of thesupport shaft 15. The leads of the power supply V, the external signal S and the ground wire G are introduced into the single-chip microcomputer 16 through thebrush 17, and the single-chip microcomputer 16 converts the input signal into a corresponding internal and external V-shapedSlot block core 4, V-groove chip core group 6, outerspherical block core 7, inner sphericalchip core group 8 control signal of coil current; outer V-groove block core 4. The coil current wires of the inner V-groove sheet magnetic core group 6, the outer spherical blockmagnetic core 7, and the inner spherical sheetmagnetic core group 8 pass through the wire throughhole 14 on thesupport shaft 15 and the single-chip microcomputer 16 Connected; thepolishing disc 2 connected with thesupport shaft 15 through thebearing 1 is a hollow shell structure with a thin top and thick sides. The shape of the top corresponds to the complex surface to be polished. Thepolishing disc 2 consists of 6 equally divided fan-shaped polishing disc Each part and theend cover 10 are fixed by connecting pins 9; the inside of thepolishing disc 2 is equipped with a standardized inner V-shaped groove sheet magnetic core group 6, an outer spherical blockmagnetic core 7, and an inner V-groove chip core group 6 corresponding to its top shape. The sphericalchip core group 8; the inner V-groove chip core group 6 and the inner sphericalchip core group 8 are composed of 6 small magnetic cores, each small magnetic core is provided with acoil 3 outside, and the inner V-shapedchip core group 8 is composed of 6 small magnetic cores. All the small magnetic cores in the grooved chip core group 6 and the inner sphericalchip core group 8 are respectively connected as a whole through positioning pins 11; the outer V-groove block core 4 and the inner V-groove chip core Group 6, outer spherical blockmagnetic core 7, inner spherical sheetmagnetic core group 8 adjacent to each other throughmagnetic isolation sheet 5; outer V-groove block core 4, inner V-groove The sheet magnetic core group 6, the outer spherical blockmagnetic core 7, and the inner spherical sheetmagnetic core group 8 are all fixed on thesupport 13, and thesupport 13 is fixed on thesupport shaft 15 by thefastening screw 12, and thesupport shaft 15 external machine tool components.

工作时，控制信号输入抛光轮的控制系统，单片机15将输入的控制信号S转换成相应外V型槽块状磁芯4、内V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7、内球型片状磁芯组8中控制线圈电流的信号，转换后的控制线圈电流的信号通过支撑轴上的导线通孔11引入外V型槽块状磁芯4、内V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7、内球型片状磁芯组8，通过控制外V型槽块状磁芯4、内V型槽片状磁芯组6、外球型块状磁芯7，以及内球型片状磁芯组8中线圈电流的大小、有无、频率等参数来实现不同点处磁力线的强弱和有无的控制，实现与抛光盘外部抛光处形状相似的复杂面的抛光。并且可以通过实际抛光面的需要，来更换外抛光盘和内部与抛光盘相对应的已标准化的块状磁芯和片状磁芯组，从而达到抛光多种形状复杂面的目的。During work, the control signal is input to the control system of the polishing wheel, and the single-chip microcomputer 15 converts the input control signal S into a corresponding outer V-groove blockmagnetic core 4, an inner V-shaped groove chip core group 6, and an outer spherical block magnetic core group.Core 7, the signal for controlling the coil current in the inner sphericalchip core group 8, the converted signal for controlling the coil current is introduced into the outer V-groove block core 4, the inner V-shaped core through the wire throughhole 11 on the support shaft Slot chip core group 6, outer sphericalblock core group 7, and inner sphericalchip core group 8, by controlling the outer V-grooveblock core group 4, the inner V-groove chip core group 6, The parameters such as the size, presence and frequency of the coil current in the outer spherical blockmagnetic core 7 and the inner spherical sheetmagnetic core group 8 are used to realize the control of the strength and presence or absence of the magnetic force lines at different points, and achieve the same effect as the polishing disc Polishing of complex surfaces of similar shape at exterior polishing. In addition, the external polishing disc and the internal standardized block magnetic core and sheet magnetic core group corresponding to the polishing disc can be replaced according to the needs of the actual polishing surface, so as to achieve the purpose of polishing complex surfaces of various shapes.

Claims (5)

1. modular freely-assembled polishing wheel is characterized in that being provided with bearing, polishing disk, coil, block magnetic cores, antifreeze plate, sheet magnetic core set, connecting pin, end cap, alignment pin, bearing, wire through-hole, back shaft, single-chip microcomputer and brush;

Back shaft is a quill shaft, single-chip microcomputer is fixed on the back shaft inner surface, the input signal port of single-chip microcomputer connects outside source, the Single-chip Controlling signal output part connects the coil of block magnetic cores and sheet magnetic core set respectively, and the coil current line of block magnetic cores and sheet magnetic core set links to each other with single-chip microcomputer by the wire through-hole of being located on the back shaft; Polishing disk is connected with back shaft by bearing, block magnetic cores and sheet magnetic core set are located in the polishing disk, magnetic core in the block magnetic cores is a monoblock, the outside is provided with coil, each group sheet magnetic core set is provided with 4～8 little magnetic cores, every little magnetic core all is provided with coil outward, and all little magnetic cores connect as a whole sheet magnetic core set by alignment pin in each sheet magnetic core set; Adjacent two block magnetic cores, or two sheet magnetic core set, or be provided with antifreeze plate between block magnetic cores and the sheet magnetic core set; All block magnetic cores and sheet magnetic core set are separately fixed on the bearing in the polishing disk, and bearing is fixed on the back shaft, the external machine tool component of back shaft; Described block magnetic cores is corresponding with the polishing disk top shape with the sheet magnetic core set.

2. modular freely-assembled polishing wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described polishing disk is a top thin, the hollow housing structure that both sides are thick.

3. modular freely-assembled polishing wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that polishing disk is made up of the fan-shaped polishing disk of 6 five equilibriums, and each fan-shaped polishing disk is fixed by connecting pin with end cap respectively.

4. modular freely-assembled polishing wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described block magnetic cores is provided with 1～4, and the sheet magnetic core set is provided with 1～4.

5. modular freely-assembled polishing wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that bearing is fixed on the back shaft by trip bolt.

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