CN101858762B - Tube wall reflection type ultrasonic flow sensor - Google Patents
Tube wall reflection type ultrasonic flow sensorDownload PDFInfo
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- CN101858762B CN101858762BCN 201010176262CN201010176262ACN101858762BCN 101858762 BCN101858762 BCN 101858762BCN 201010176262CN201010176262CN 201010176262CN 201010176262 ACN201010176262 ACN 201010176262ACN 101858762 BCN101858762 BCN 101858762B
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese(一)技术领域(1) Technical field
本发明涉及一种流量传感器，特别涉及一种应用于热量表、水表的管壁反射式超声波流量传感器。The invention relates to a flow sensor, in particular to a pipe wall reflection ultrasonic flow sensor applied to heat meters and water meters.
(二)背景技术(2) Background technology
现有的超声波流量传感器一般采用金属薄片或传感器管壁作为声学反射装置，对于声学反射装置的设计只是从外观结构、支撑结构、连接结构方面进行考虑。由于流体和声学反射器装置之间的介面尺寸不是远远小于声学反射装置中的波长，而是与波长同一数量级甚至小于波长，实际反射效果与按无限介面分析的反射效果(全反射)有很大差别，所以不经过特殊设计的声学反射装置，反射效率比较低，造成回波幅值小，为了提高流量测量精度和重复性，必须在换能器、发射电路、接收电路等方面采取一些辅助技术，增加信号处理的复杂性和整体成本。Existing ultrasonic flow sensors generally use metal sheets or sensor tube walls as acoustic reflection devices, and the design of acoustic reflection devices is only considered from the aspects of appearance structure, support structure, and connection structure. Since the interface size between the fluid and the acoustic reflector device is not much smaller than the wavelength in the acoustic reflector device, but is of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength or even smaller than the wavelength, the actual reflection effect is very different from the reflection effect (total reflection) analyzed according to the infinite interface. Therefore, without a specially designed acoustic reflection device, the reflection efficiency is relatively low, resulting in a small echo amplitude. In order to improve the accuracy and repeatability of flow measurement, some auxiliary measures must be taken in the transducer, transmitting circuit, receiving circuit, etc. technology, increasing the complexity and overall cost of signal processing.
现有的声学反射装置的设置方式主要有两种：There are two main ways to set up the existing acoustic reflection device:
一、声学反射装置是通过某些连接结构固定在超声波流量传感器的流体通道中的金属片，四周充满流体，在反射面上超声波入射，实现两倍角度的声路转折，声学反射装置厚度没有特别设计，在其上下面形成的两反射波可能发生相消效果的干涉，造成接受换能器信号幅值小。1. The acoustic reflection device is a metal sheet fixed in the fluid channel of the ultrasonic flow sensor through some connection structures. It is filled with fluid around it, and the ultrasonic wave is incident on the reflection surface to realize the turning of the sound path at twice the angle. The thickness of the acoustic reflection device is not special. Design, the two reflected waves formed above and below may interfere with the destructive effect, resulting in a small amplitude of the receiving transducer signal.
二、声学反射装置是在超声波流量传感器管壁上与声路相交的区域加工成平面或安装具有平面结构的构件，也可能流体通道为方形，使通道内壁的一个平面作为反射装置，管壁外侧无特别设计而为圆弧形；由于反射面较小，入射波未能全反射，透射到达弧形的发射面的超声波在介面上发生反射，由于入射波是平面波，反射面为柱状弧面，反射波大部分无法到达接受换能器，造成信号幅值小。2. The acoustic reflection device is processed into a plane or installed with a planar structure in the area where the ultrasonic flow sensor tube wall intersects with the sound path. It is also possible that the fluid channel is square, so that a plane on the inner wall of the channel serves as a reflection device, and the outer side of the tube wall It is arc-shaped without special design; because the reflective surface is small, the incident wave cannot be fully reflected, and the ultrasonic wave transmitted to the arc-shaped emitting surface is reflected on the interface. Since the incident wave is a plane wave, the reflecting surface is a cylindrical arc surface. Most of the reflected waves cannot reach the receiving transducer, resulting in a small signal amplitude.
(三)发明内容(3) Contents of the invention
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足，提供了一种接收幅值高、信号处理简单的管壁反射式超声波流量传感器。In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention provides a pipe wall reflection type ultrasonic flow sensor with high receiving amplitude and simple signal processing.
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种管壁反射式超声波流量传感器，包括传感器的管壁，两个超声波换能器左右设置在管壁内的同一水平线上，其特殊之处在于：所述管壁上两个超声波换能器中间设置有工艺加工孔，与工艺加工孔位置相对的管壁为上介面和下介面均是水平的平面壁。A pipe wall reflective ultrasonic flow sensor, including the pipe wall of the sensor, and two ultrasonic transducers are arranged on the same horizontal line in the pipe wall. The special feature is that the two ultrasonic transducers on the pipe wall A process hole is arranged in the middle, and the pipe wall opposite to the position of the process hole is a plane wall whose upper interface and lower interface are horizontal.
本发明为充分利用透射到管壁的超声波能量，使其对接收换能器的信号幅值产生最大的增强作用，对作为声学反射器装置的构件，除了与流体接触面即上介面设计为平面外，将构件的另一侧介面即下介面设计成与内壁平行的平面，其壁厚满足一定条件，使经下介面反射回到流体中的反射波与直接由上介面反射回流体中的反射波相位相同，由超声波的叠加作用增强接收信号幅值，既避免下介面不与上介面平行浪费了透射进入声学反射器装置构件的超声波能量，又避免透射进入声学反射器装置构件的超声波能量形成反射波对上介面的反射波的干涉相消作用。In order to make full use of the ultrasonic energy transmitted to the pipe wall, the present invention has the greatest enhancement effect on the signal amplitude of the receiving transducer, and for the components used as the acoustic reflector device, except for the upper interface with the fluid contact surface, it is designed as a plane In addition, the other side interface of the component, that is, the lower interface, is designed as a plane parallel to the inner wall, and its wall thickness meets certain conditions, so that the reflected wave reflected back into the fluid through the lower interface and the reflected wave directly reflected back into the fluid from the upper interface The wave phase is the same, and the amplitude of the received signal is enhanced by the superposition of ultrasonic waves, which not only avoids wasting the ultrasonic energy transmitted into the components of the acoustic reflector device when the lower interface is not parallel to the upper interface, but also avoids the formation of ultrasonic energy transmitted into the components of the acoustic reflector device. The interference and destructive effect of the reflected wave on the reflected wave of the upper interface.
本发明的更优方案为：A better solution of the present invention is:
所述反射壁的壁厚满足(8n+3)*λ/16≤d/cosα≤(8n+5)*λ/16，其中，d为壁厚，α为超声波入射角，λ为超声波在管壁介质中的纵波波长，n为自然数(0、1、2……)。The wall thickness of the reflective wall satisfies (8n+3)*λ/16≤d/cosα≤(8n+5)*λ/16, where d is the wall thickness, α is the ultrasonic incident angle, and λ is the ultrasonic wave in the tube The longitudinal wave wavelength in the wall medium, n is a natural number (0, 1, 2...).
上下介面反射波的相位差与波长λ、入射角α、壁厚d有关，满足关系式d/cosα＝(2n+1)/4λ，n取值为自然数(0、1、2……)时相位相同，接收幅值最大。两上下介面距离d与上式列出的优选值任意一个相差在λ/16范围内，也有明显的增强接收信号幅值的效果。The phase difference of the reflected waves of the upper and lower interfaces is related to the wavelength λ, the incident angle α, and the wall thickness d, satisfying the relationship d/cosα=(2n+1)/4λ, when n is a natural number (0, 1, 2...) The phase is the same, and the receiving amplitude is the largest. The difference between the distance d between the two upper and lower interfaces and any one of the preferred values listed in the above formula is within the range of λ/16, which also has the effect of obviously enhancing the amplitude of the received signal.
所述工艺加工孔的孔壁上设置有螺纹，便于待超声波流量传感器加工成型后用螺丝密封。The hole wall of the process hole is provided with threads, which is convenient for sealing with screws after the ultrasonic flow sensor is processed and formed.
所述上介面和下介面均为圆形平面，上下介面的中轴线为同一直线。The upper interface and the lower interface are both circular planes, and the central axes of the upper and lower interfaces are the same straight line.
本发明增高了接收信号幅值，有利于提高流量检测的精度和稳定性，降低辅助技术的性能要求甚至不用辅助技术，从而减低超声波流量传感器的整体复杂性和成本。The invention increases the amplitude of the received signal, is beneficial to improve the accuracy and stability of flow detection, reduces the performance requirements of auxiliary technology and even does not need auxiliary technology, thereby reducing the overall complexity and cost of the ultrasonic flow sensor.
(四)附图说明(4) Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明超声波在反射壁的反射状态；Fig. 2 is the reflection state of ultrasonic wave in the reflection wall of the present invention;
图3为图1所示A-A面剖面示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of plane A-A shown in Fig. 1 .
图中，1上介面，2工艺加工孔，3超声波换能器，4管壁，5流体通道，6下介面。In the figure, 1 upper interface, 2 process hole, 3 ultrasonic transducer, 4 pipe wall, 5 fluid channel, 6 lower interface.
(五)具体实施方式(5) Specific implementation methods
实施例1：Example 1:
如附图所示，流体通道5整体上是圆柱形，管壁4外壁整体上是圆柱面，在超声波流量传感器的上部加工出口中轴线过流体通道5中轴线的两个圆形换能器安装平台，并且两个换能器安装平台的中轴线相交于管壁4内壁。在超声波流量传感器上方沿角平分线为轴心加工出工艺加工孔2，孔壁有螺纹，待超声波流量传感器加工成型后可以使用螺丝密封。As shown in the drawings, the fluid passage 5 is cylindrical as a whole, and the outer wall of the pipe wall 4 is a cylindrical surface as a whole. Two circular transducers whose central axis passes through the central axis of the fluid passage 5 are installed on the upper part of the ultrasonic flow sensor. platform, and the central axes of the two transducer installation platforms intersect on the inner wall of the tube wall 4 . A process hole 2 is machined above the ultrasonic flow sensor along the bisector of the angle as the axis, and the hole wall is threaded. After the ultrasonic flow sensor is formed, it can be sealed with screws.
以两个换能器安装平台中轴线的角平分线作为声学反射装置的两个反射面的法线，过两个换能器安装平台中轴线的焦点加工上介面1，上介面为圆形平面，可通过工艺加工孔2对管壁4内壁进行加工获得。在管壁4外壁加工下介面6与上介面1平行，下介面为圆形平面，中轴线也是两换能器安装平台中轴线的角平分线，可通过对管壁4外壁的加工获得。上介面1和下介面6构成声学反射装置。Take the bisector of the angle of the central axis of the two transducer installation platforms as the normal of the two reflection surfaces of the acoustic reflection device, and process the
该超声波流量传感器的管壁4材料是铜，换能器频率为1MHz，两个换能器安装平台中轴线与声学反射装置法线夹角为45°，上介面1与下介面间距1.2mm，正好满足本发明技术方案的特定关系。The pipe wall 4 of the ultrasonic flow sensor is made of copper, the frequency of the transducer is 1 MHz, the angle between the central axis of the two transducer installation platforms and the normal line of the acoustic reflection device is 45°, and the distance between the
使用上述实施方式的超声波流量传感器，在相同的发射接收电路、相同换能器、相同反射面加工面积条件下，相对于原有的技术，接收信号幅值有1.3伏(峰峰值)提高到2.5伏(峰峰值)，并且有利于提高流量检测的精度和稳定性。Using the ultrasonic flow sensor of the above embodiment, under the conditions of the same transmitting and receiving circuit, the same transducer, and the same processing area of the reflecting surface, compared with the original technology, the amplitude of the received signal is increased from 1.3 volts (peak-to-peak value) to 2.5 volts. Volts (peak-to-peak value), and it is beneficial to improve the accuracy and stability of flow detection.
实施例2：Example 2:
如实施例1，流体通道5整体上可改为长方体结构，如果在声路转折位置的管壁外壁也加工出与管壁4内壁反射平面平行的面结构，亦为本发明技术方案的一种实施方式，特别是声路转折位置的管壁4厚度满足本发明技术方案的优选值关系式或有明显的增强接收信号幅值的效果的偏差范围。As in Example 1, the fluid channel 5 can be changed to a cuboid structure as a whole. If the outer wall of the pipe wall at the turning position of the sound path is also processed with a surface structure parallel to the reflection plane of the inner wall of the pipe wall 4, it is also a kind of technical solution of the present invention. The embodiment, especially the thickness of the pipe wall 4 at the turning point of the sound path satisfies the optimal value relational expression of the technical solution of the present invention or the deviation range that has the effect of obviously enhancing the amplitude of the received signal.
实施例3：Example 3:
如实施例1，上介面1和下介面2可为其他平面形状，亦为本发明的技术方案的一种实施方式，特别是声路转折位置的管壁4厚度满足其优选值关系式或有明显的增强接收信号幅值的效果的偏差范围。As in Example 1, the
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| CN102288781A (en)* | 2011-06-28 | 2011-12-21 | 北京东方迪码科技有限公司 | Reflective ultrasonic anemoscope and measuring method thereof |
| CN102706399B (en)* | 2012-06-13 | 2018-05-22 | 广州柏诚智能科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic flowmeter and ultrasonic flow rate measuring method |
| CN103035070B (en)* | 2012-12-12 | 2014-09-03 | 山东冠翔仪表有限公司 | Small-diameter ultrasonic intelligent water meter |
| CN103170579B (en)* | 2013-04-18 | 2017-01-25 | 魏文涛 | Stainless steel water meter shell and machining method thereof |
| CN105716744B (en)* | 2016-01-28 | 2018-07-03 | 苏州瑞尚节能科技有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic calorimeter pipeline and ultrasonic calorimeter |
| FR3086388B1 (en)* | 2018-09-25 | 2021-06-04 | Buerkert Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | MEASURING MEANS OF FLUID PRESENTING A FLUID BOX, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FLUID BOX |
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