CN101846492B - Interferometer combined by double F-P chambers and Mach-Zehnder - Google Patents
Interferometer combined by double F-P chambers and Mach-ZehnderDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
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Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种组合式光纤干涉仪，属于光纤技术领域。The invention relates to a combined optical fiber interferometer, which belongs to the technical field of optical fiber.
背景技术Background technique
光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪在光纤通信、光纤传感等领域具有非常广泛的应用。普通的光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪是利用一个3dB光纤耦合器将半导体激光器发出光分成强度相等的两束，分别进入到两个独立的光纤干涉臂中传输，光在两臂传输一段距离后，再经过另一个3dB耦合器进行干涉，干涉光信号通过光电转换探测器后被转换成电信号并被放大，从而实现干涉光信号的探测，如专利(CN 1251906A)。由于光纤两个反射臂中的光传导特性可以受到温度、压力等外在条件的影响，所以，光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪可以实现光纤应变、温度等物理量的测量。该干涉仪是利用两个相互独立的光传输通道，用于实现光程调谐与匹配。由于它不存在共光路结构，极易受到环境因素(诸如温度和振动)的影响，导致两光路的光程产生不一致的变化，使传感器信号的解调产生影响，降低了干涉仪的信号解调灵敏度，使测量的精度下降。即Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的测量灵敏度不够。Optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer has a very wide range of applications in optical fiber communication, optical fiber sensing and other fields. The ordinary fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer uses a 3dB fiber coupler to divide the light emitted by the semiconductor laser into two beams with equal intensity, and then enters two independent fiber optic interference arms for transmission. After another 3dB coupler interferes, the interference optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and amplified after passing through the photoelectric conversion detector, so as to realize the detection of the interference optical signal, such as the patent (CN 1251906A). Since the light transmission characteristics in the two reflection arms of the optical fiber can be affected by external conditions such as temperature and pressure, the optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer can realize the measurement of physical quantities such as optical fiber strain and temperature. The interferometer utilizes two mutually independent optical transmission channels to realize optical path tuning and matching. Because it does not have a common optical path structure, it is easily affected by environmental factors (such as temperature and vibration), resulting in inconsistent changes in the optical path of the two optical paths, which affects the demodulation of the sensor signal and reduces the signal demodulation of the interferometer. Sensitivity reduces the accuracy of measurement. That is, the measurement sensitivity of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is not enough.
在所有干涉仪中，F-P干涉仪由于经由多次反射反复叠加后可以形成精细度很高的反射谱或透射谱，因此能够获得相当高的探测灵敏度。对于光纤F-P干涉仪(US 5682237)，它是在光纤内制造出两个反射端面，从而形成一个微腔。当相干光束沿光纤入射到此微腔时，光在微腔的两端面反射后沿原路返回、并相遇而产生干涉。当外界参量以一定方式作用于此微腔，使其相位差发生变化，导致其干涉输出反射光强也发生相应变化，进而实现传感测量。由于腔内的介质是光纤本身，因此损耗小，腔长可以做的很大，从几厘米到几米，在光纤中，也可以通过在纤芯中同时写入两个反射谱相同的光纤光栅，从而构成光纤F-P干涉仪。国内饶云江等人曾提出过多种结构光纤F-P干涉仪及其制作方法(CN101055196，CN101034007)。Among all interferometers, the F-P interferometer can obtain quite high detection sensitivity because it can form a high-precision reflection spectrum or transmission spectrum after repeated reflections and superpositions. For fiber optic F-P interferometer (US 5682237), it is to make two reflective end faces in the fiber, thereby forming a microcavity. When the coherent light beam enters the microcavity along the optical fiber, the light is reflected by the two ends of the microcavity, returns along the original path, and meets to generate interference. When the external parameters act on the microcavity in a certain way, the phase difference changes, resulting in a corresponding change in the reflected light intensity of the interference output, and then the sensing measurement is realized. Because the medium in the cavity is the fiber itself, the loss is small, and the cavity length can be made very large, from a few centimeters to several meters. In the fiber, it is also possible to write two fiber gratings with the same reflection spectrum in the fiber core at the same time. Thus constitute the fiber optic F-P interferometer. People such as Rao Yunjiang in China once proposed various structural fiber F-P interferometers and manufacturing methods thereof (CN101055196, CN101034007).
上述两种干涉仪通常集成度不够高，王廷云等(中国专利CN 101464539A)提出一种基于同轴光纤的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪，干涉仪由单模输入光纤、同轴光纤、单模光纤、同轴光纤和单模输出光纤依次连接而构成，在单根光纤中实现Mach-Zehnder干涉仪；苑立波等(中国专利CN 101105555A)也提出了一种单根光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪，利用双芯光纤来实现，上述干涉仪集成度大大提高，但测量灵敏度没有得到改善，偏振态的随机变化导致干涉信号的不稳定问题也没有解决。Above-mentioned two kinds of interferometers are generally not high enough in integration, Wang Tingyun etc. (Chinese patent CN 101464539A) propose a kind of Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on coaxial fiber, interferometer is by single-mode input fiber, coaxial fiber, single-mode fiber, coaxial Axis optical fiber and single-mode output optical fiber are connected sequentially to form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a single optical fiber; Yuan Libo et al. (Chinese patent CN 101105555A) also proposed a single optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, using a dual-core The integration of the above-mentioned interferometer is greatly improved, but the measurement sensitivity has not been improved, and the instability of the interference signal caused by the random change of the polarization state has not been solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够进一步提高干涉仪的灵敏度，同时解决干涉仪的稳定性问题的双F-P腔与Mach-Zehnder组合干涉仪。The object of the present invention is to provide a double F-P cavity and Mach-Zehnder combined interferometer which can further improve the sensitivity of the interferometer and solve the stability problem of the interferometer.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
由两个光纤F-P干涉仪和光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪组合而成；所述的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪由单芯保偏光纤和熔嵌式双芯保偏光纤的两端分别进行熔接耦合而构成；所述的两个光纤F-P干涉仪是在熔嵌式双芯保偏光纤的两个纤芯上分别刻写双Bragg光纤光栅对构成的双F-P腔；每个F-P腔分别嵌于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的两臂。Composed of two optical fiber F-P interferometers and optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers; the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is composed of a single-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber and a fusion-embedded dual-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber. ; The two optical fiber F-P interferometers are respectively written on the two cores of the fusion-embedded dual-core polarization-maintaining fiber to form a double F-P cavity composed of a pair of Bragg fiber gratings; each F-P cavity is embedded in a Mach-Zehnder interference instrument's arms.
本发明还可以包括：The present invention may also include:
1、所述的熔嵌式双芯保偏光纤是具有光敏性的中心为空气孔，两个纤芯对称的部分悬挂于空气孔中、部分嵌入包层中的双芯光纤，两个纤芯呈椭圆形，两个纤芯具有相同的偏振主轴方向。1. The fused-embedded dual-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber is a dual-core optical fiber with photosensitivity in the center of which is an air hole, and the symmetrical parts of the two cores are suspended in the air hole and partially embedded in the cladding. Elliptical in shape, the two cores have the same orientation of the polarization axis.
2、两个光纤F-P干涉仪是由四个具有相同反射中心波长的两组Bragg光纤光栅对构成。2. The two fiber F-P interferometers are composed of four Bragg fiber grating pairs with the same reflection center wavelength.
3、同一F-P腔中的光纤光栅对的光纤光栅的反射率相同，不同的F-P腔中的光纤光栅对的光纤光栅的反射率不相同。3. The reflectivity of the fiber gratings of the fiber grating pairs in the same F-P cavity is the same, and the reflectivity of the fiber gratings of the fiber grating pairs in different F-P cavities is different.
4、所述的光纤光栅的反射率在1％-99％之间。4. The reflectivity of the optical fiber grating is between 1% and 99%.
5、所述的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪由单芯保偏光纤和熔嵌式双芯保偏光纤的两端分别进行熔接耦合而构成，是指单芯保偏光纤的尾端和熔嵌式双芯保偏光纤一端利用保偏光纤熔接机直接对接熔合完成耦合，或是对熔接后的光纤利用拉锥机在两光纤焊点处进行加热拉锥，在焊点处形成准锥形结构来实现1×2分束，而熔嵌式双芯保偏光纤另一端与单芯保偏光纤形成准锥形结构来实现2×1合波器的功能。5. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer is composed of a single-core polarization-maintaining fiber and two ends of a fusion-embedded dual-core polarization-maintaining fiber that are respectively fused and coupled, referring to the end of the single-core polarization-maintaining fiber and the fusion-embedded dual One end of the core polarization-maintaining fiber is directly butted and fused by a polarization-maintaining fiber fusion splicer to complete the coupling, or the fused fiber is heated and tapered at the welding point of the two fibers by a tapering machine to form a quasi-tapered structure at the welding point. 1×2 beam splitting, and the other end of the fusion-embedded dual-core polarization-maintaining fiber forms a quasi-tapered structure with a single-core polarization-maintaining fiber to realize the function of a 2×1 multiplexer.
6、所述的熔嵌式双芯保偏光纤纤芯可以进行铒掺杂，实现信号的加强与放大。6. The fused-embedded dual-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber core can be doped with erbium to realize signal strengthening and amplification.
图2给出了本发明的干涉仪的基本结构，由两个光纤F-P干涉仪9、10和一个光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪组合而成。所述的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪由单芯保偏光纤5和双芯保偏光纤6的两端分别进行熔接耦合而构成；所述的两个光纤F-P干涉仪9、10是由熔嵌式双芯保偏光纤6上刻写双Bragg光纤光栅对11、12和13、14构成的双F-P腔，分别嵌于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的两臂，光纤F-P干涉仪9、10可以具有不同的腔长，也可以处于光纤轴向不同的位置。本发明的干涉仪工作原理为：光源4发出的光进入单芯保偏光纤5后，经过单芯光纤5和双芯光纤6熔合后形成的准锥形结构6实现传输光的分束功能，一臂光经过光纤光栅对11和12构成的F-P腔9，另一臂光经过与光纤光栅对11、12特性相同的光纤光栅对13和14构成的F-P腔10，即两束干涉光分别经过Mach-Zehnder干涉仪两臂，再次经过双芯光纤6和单芯光纤5熔合的锥形区8，在锥形区实现干涉，干涉光经由检测器15接收。可以通过调节两个F-P腔腔长改变Mach-Zehnder干涉仪两臂的相位差。为了干涉信号对比度更大，干涉仪两臂的分光比要尽量一致，光栅对的反射率也应一致。该结构可以进行透射式测量，也可以进行反射式测量。在采用反射式测量时，等效于双F-P干涉仪和Michelson干涉仪的组合式干涉仪。Fig. 2 shows the basic structure of the interferometer of the present invention, which is composed of two optical
为了进一步提高干涉仪的灵敏度，同时解决干涉仪的稳定性问题，本发明结合集成式光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的结构，提出在Mach-Zehnder干涉仪两个干涉臂分别构造F-P腔，在同一根保偏光纤中形成了双F-P干涉仪和Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的组合式干涉仪。In order to further improve the sensitivity of the interferometer and solve the stability problem of the interferometer, the present invention combines the structure of the integrated optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and proposes to construct F-P cavities in the two interference arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer respectively. A combined interferometer of double F-P interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer is formed in the polarization maintaining fiber.
本发明的优势在于：1.与传统的集成式Mach-Zehnder干涉仪相比，因组合了F-P腔结构，其测量灵敏度可以得到提高；2.利用保偏光纤构成干涉仪，可以解决传统干涉仪因偏振态随机变化引起的稳定性问题；3.Mach-Zehnder干涉仪两臂处于同一根光纤中，提高了干涉仪的温度稳定性。The advantages of the present invention are: 1. Compared with the traditional integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer, its measurement sensitivity can be improved due to the combination of the F-P cavity structure; Stability problems caused by random changes in the polarization state; 3. The two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are in the same optical fiber, which improves the temperature stability of the interferometer.
本发明具有制造工艺简单、单根光纤集成、灵敏度高、保偏特性好、温度稳定性高等优点。The invention has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, single optical fiber integration, high sensitivity, good polarization maintaining characteristics, high temperature stability and the like.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明基于熔嵌芯式双芯保偏光纤截面图；Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention based on a fusion-embedded dual-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber;
图2为本发明等臂双F-P腔和Mach-Zehnder干涉仪构成的组合式干涉仪；Fig. 2 is the combined type interferometer that equiarm double F-P cavity and Mach-Zehnder interferometer constitute of the present invention;
图3为本发明处于光纤轴向不同位置处的等臂双F-P腔组合式干涉仪。Fig. 3 is an equi-arm double F-P cavity combined interferometer at different positions in the optical fiber axis according to the present invention.
图4为本发明不等臂双F-P腔和Mach-Zehnder干涉仪构成的组合式干涉仪。Fig. 4 is a combined interferometer composed of unequal-arm double F-P cavity and Mach-Zehnder interferometer according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing example:
图1为本发明熔嵌芯式双芯保偏光纤截面图；两个纤芯1具有相同的偏振主轴方向，光纤中心为空气孔3，两个纤芯1对称的嵌在包层2内壁，每个纤芯1部分在包层中部分裸露在空气孔3中。Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the fusion-embedded dual-core polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the present invention; the two
图2为本发明的实施例1的结构示意图，光源4发出的光输入到单芯光纤5中，利用单芯光纤5和熔嵌芯式双芯保偏光纤6熔合后形成的准锥形结构7实现传输光的分束功能，一臂光经过光纤光栅对11和12构成的F-P腔9，另一臂光经过与光纤光栅对11、12特性相同的光纤光栅对13和14构成的F-P腔10，两束干涉光分别经过Mach-Zehnder干涉仪两臂后，经过熔嵌芯式双芯保偏光纤6和单芯光纤5熔合后形成的锥形区8，再次实现干涉，两次干涉后的光经由检测器15接收。其中光纤熔合后需要经过清洗，然后用环氧树脂进行封装固化。上述结构中两个F-P腔9、10具有相同的腔长，即等臂双F-P腔和Mach-Zehnder干涉仪构成的组合式干涉仪。该实施例中的光纤光栅可以利用相位掩模法进行写入，光栅11、13一次性同时写入，而光栅12、14也可以同时写入。Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of
图3为本发明的实施例2的结构示意图，在本实施例中，组合干涉仪的结构与实施例1相同，只是两个F-P腔处于双芯光纤轴向不同位置处，光纤光栅11-14是分别逐个写入的。Fig. 3 is the structural representation of
图4为本发明的实施例3的结构示意图，在本实施例中，组合干涉仪的结构与实施例1相同，只是两个F-P腔9、10具有不同的腔长。即光纤光栅11和13同时写入，而光纤光栅12和14是逐一写入的。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the structure of the combined interferometer is the same as that of
有上述实施例可以看出本发明双F-P腔和Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的组合式干涉仪，它具有集成度高、保偏特性好、温度稳定性高等优点。可用于应变、弯曲及生化传感。From the above embodiments, it can be seen that the combined interferometer of the double F-P cavity and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the present invention has the advantages of high integration, good polarization-maintaining characteristics, and high temperature stability. Can be used for strain, bending and biochemical sensing.
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| CN108387173A (en)* | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-10 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of ultra-compact all -fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and preparation method thereof |
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