CN101840022A - Ring-shaped distributed multi-core fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ring-shaped distributed multi-core fiber and preparation method thereofDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于光纤制备技术领域，具体涉及一种具有环形分布多芯光纤的制备方法，可应用于大功率传能光纤和大功率光纤激光器制作领域。The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber preparation, and in particular relates to a method for preparing an annular distributed multi-core optical fiber, which can be applied to the fields of high-power energy transmission optical fiber and high-power optical fiber laser production.
背景技术Background technique
近年来光纤激光器不仅朝着高功率的方向发展，并且对激光器本身的集成度要求也越来越高。为了实现体积小传输功率大的光纤激光器，多纤芯光纤激光器应运而生。多纤芯光纤激光器是实现短长度大功率激光传输的极具优势解决方案。它相当于把多个激光器排列在一起，组成一个激光器阵列，吸收效率和输出功率都可以大大提高。多纤芯光纤激光器的最重要组件就是多纤芯光纤，它是将多根掺杂纤芯整齐的排列在一个标准的多模硅基玻璃光纤中，这些掺杂纤芯沿着多模光纤的内侧排列在一个端面上，在多模光纤的外面有外包层保护着。在多纤芯光纤中，为了提高输出功率和同轴光密度，通常使用一个泵浦源泵浦所有的掺杂纤芯。就像将多个光纤激光器排列在一起，组成一个光纤激光器阵列。因此这种激光器在大功率激光器中具有很好的发展前景。In recent years, fiber lasers have not only developed in the direction of high power, but also have higher and higher requirements for the integration of the laser itself. In order to realize fiber lasers with small volume and high transmission power, multi-core fiber lasers came into being. Multi-core fiber lasers are an extremely advantageous solution for short-length, high-power laser delivery. It is equivalent to arranging multiple lasers together to form a laser array, and the absorption efficiency and output power can be greatly improved. The most important component of a multi-core fiber laser is a multi-core fiber, which arranges multiple doped cores neatly in a standard multimode silica-based glass fiber. These doped cores are along the length of the multimode fiber. The inner side is arranged on an end face and is protected by an outer cladding on the outside of the multimode fiber. In multi-core fiber, in order to increase the output power and coaxial optical density, a pump source is usually used to pump all the doped cores. It is like arranging multiple fiber lasers together to form a fiber laser array. Therefore, this laser has a good development prospect in high-power lasers.
美国专利(Article Comprising an Air-clad Optical Fiber，United States Patent，Patent Number 5,907,652，1999)提出了一种双包层光纤的制备方法。该光纤的结构为光纤芯、内包层、外包层1、外包层2和涂层，主要用于泵浦光放大器、长周期光纤光栅、光通信器件等。该光纤的纤芯采用MCVD法沉积Ge、Er、Yb等介质，内包层为普通的硅基玻璃材料，在该光纤预制棒的制作过程中外包层1采用了圆环排列的空芯毛细管、外包层2采用了硅基玻璃外套管，所制成的光纤纤芯、内包层、外包层1折射率依次降低，而外包层2折射率高于外包层1折射率，实现外包层2泵浦泄漏小于输入光能的1/1000，从而实现大数值孔径的多模泵浦光纤，因此也可以用于传能光纤。该光纤制备中其光纤芯为掺杂稀土离子沉积获得，而外包层1是在光纤预制棒组棒过程中插入空芯毛细管。因此其制棒过程要经过稀土离子掺杂制棒、组棒、高温缩棒、及拉丝过程，工艺非常复杂。外包层1的空芯毛细管在拉丝过程中要保持其中空形状和相互之间位置关系比较困难。The US patent (Article Comprising an Air-clad Optical Fiber, United States Patent, Patent Number 5,907,652, 1999) proposes a method for preparing a double-clad optical fiber. The structure of the optical fiber is a fiber core, an inner cladding, an
类似专利还有，例如美国专利(Optical Fiber with Micro-structured Cladding，Patent Number7,072,552B2，2006)给出了一种双包层光纤，其纤芯折射率高于内包层折射率，而同时内包层折射率又高于外包层，这样实现了内包层做为纤芯的包层和多模泵浦能的传递。该光纤的外包层也可以采用空芯结构。另外光子晶体光纤等，例如美国专利(Double-clad Photonic Optical Fiber，PatentNumber7,283,711B2，2007)。欧洲专利(Optical Fibre with High Numericalaperture，Patent Number EP1 421 420B1)等等。上述若干种光纤都属于空芯光子晶体光纤或者微结构光纤，其共同的不足之处在于光纤芯需要沉积掺杂、空芯结构制作困难，工艺比较复杂。Similar patents also exist. For example, the US patent (Optical Fiber with Micro-structured Cladding, Patent Number 7,072,552B2, 2006) provides a double-clad fiber whose core refractive index is higher than that of the inner cladding, while the inner cladding The refractive index of the layer is higher than that of the outer cladding, so that the inner cladding is used as the cladding of the fiber core and the transmission of multimode pumping energy is realized. The outer cladding of the optical fiber can also adopt a hollow core structure. In addition, photonic crystal fiber, etc., such as the US patent (Double-clad Photonic Optical Fiber, Patent Number 7,283,711B2, 2007). European patent (Optical Fiber with High Numerical aperture, Patent Number EP1 421 420B1) and so on. The above-mentioned several types of optical fibers are all hollow-core photonic crystal fibers or micro-structured optical fibers. Their common disadvantages are that the fiber core needs to be doped, the hollow core structure is difficult to manufacture, and the process is relatively complicated.
北京交通大学简伟等提出(一种高功率包层泵浦单模输出多芯光纤及其制作方法，专利申请号200610169811.X)一种多芯包层泵浦多芯光纤制作方法，采用加工增益介质掺杂纤芯棒，然后将这种纤芯棒拉制成芯棒。然后截取相同芯棒若干，按照均匀格点或者非均匀格点方式组成芯棒束，再加上外套筒并经过高温加热得到实心预制棒，经光纤拉丝塔拉丝后得到多芯光纤。但是这种方法的实现也存在一定的制备困难：该光纤预制棒的制备需要化学气相沉积结合溶液掺杂技术、并将这种掺杂芯棒在光纤拉丝塔上拉制成芯棒，再经过组棒、高温缩棒，最后在光纤拉丝塔上拉出多芯光纤。该方法加工工艺复杂，需要精密设备和技术控制该工艺的各个环节，成本较高。Jian Wei of Beijing Jiaotong University proposed (a high-power cladding-pumped single-mode output multi-core fiber and its manufacturing method, patent application number 200610169811.X) a multi-core cladding pumping multi-core fiber manufacturing method, using processing The gain medium is doped with a core rod, which is then drawn into a core rod. Then cut out a number of the same mandrels, form a mandrel bundle according to uniform grid or non-uniform grid, add an outer sleeve and heat at a high temperature to obtain a solid preform, and obtain a multi-core optical fiber after being drawn by an optical fiber drawing tower. However, the realization of this method also has certain preparation difficulties: the preparation of the optical fiber preform requires chemical vapor deposition combined with solution doping technology, and the doped core rod is drawn into a core rod on an optical fiber drawing tower, and then passed through Rod assembly, high-temperature shrinkage, and finally the multi-core optical fiber is drawn on the fiber drawing tower. The method has complex processing technology, requires precision equipment and technology to control each link of the process, and has high cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够产生环形光场，提高光纤传递能量的水平，可用于大功率光纤激光器器件的环形分布多芯光纤。本发明的目的还在于提供一种可以降低多芯光纤制备难度，解决多芯光纤制备的经济性问题的环形分布多芯光纤的制备方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a ring-distributed multi-core fiber that can generate a ring light field, improve the energy transfer level of the fiber, and can be used for high-power fiber laser devices. The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a preparation method of ring-distributed multi-core optical fiber which can reduce the difficulty of preparing multi-core optical fiber and solve the economical problem of multi-core optical fiber preparation.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
本发明的环形分布多芯光纤由一组光纤芯、内包层、外包层、涂层构成，所述的一组光纤芯是分布在光纤内包层与外包层之间的一组性能相同的呈圆环形分布的光纤芯。The annular distributed multi-core optical fiber of the present invention is composed of a group of optical fiber cores, inner cladding, outer cladding, and coatings. Optical fiber cores distributed in a ring.
本发明的环形多芯光纤的制备方法为：将一组光纤芯与一根实芯石英玻璃棒组合后插入外层石英玻璃套管内，且这一组光纤芯在外层石英玻璃套管与内层实芯石英玻璃棒之间构成圆环形分布的几何结构，烧结一侧端头制成多芯光纤预制棒。The preparation method of the annular multi-core optical fiber of the present invention is as follows: a group of optical fiber cores are combined with a solid core quartz glass rod and then inserted into the outer layer of quartz glass sleeve, and this group of optical fiber cores is placed between the outer layer of quartz glass sleeve and the inner layer The geometric structure of circular distribution is formed between the solid quartz glass rods, and the end of one side is sintered to make a multi-core optical fiber prefabricated rod.
本发明的环形多芯光纤的制备方法还可以包括：The preparation method of the annular multi-core optical fiber of the present invention may also include:
1、所述的一组光纤芯组成圆环形分布的几何结构是在外层石英玻璃管和实芯石英玻璃棒之间紧密圆环形排列的结构；圆环形光纤芯的直径是由外层石英管内径，实芯玻璃棒外径，和单根光纤芯的直径配合决定；同时，一组光纤芯的数量是由圆环的周长与单根光纤芯直径之比来决定。1. The geometric structure of a group of optical fiber cores forming a circular distribution is a structure closely arranged in a circular shape between the outer quartz glass tube and the solid core quartz glass rod; the diameter of the circular optical fiber core is determined by the outer layer The inner diameter of the quartz tube, the outer diameter of the solid glass rod, and the diameter of a single fiber core are determined together; at the same time, the number of a group of fiber cores is determined by the ratio of the circumference of the ring to the diameter of a single fiber core.
2、所述的一组光纤芯是由相同折射率的大芯径、大数值孔径单模光纤芯组成；这一组光纤芯可以是用MCVD或PCVD等工艺方法制备得到，也可以是商业获得的大芯径、大数值孔径单模光纤。2. The group of optical fiber cores is composed of large core diameter and large numerical aperture single-mode optical fiber cores with the same refractive index; this group of optical fiber cores can be prepared by MCVD or PCVD, or obtained commercially. Large core diameter, large numerical aperture single-mode fiber.
3、所述石英玻璃管和实芯石英玻璃棒的材料成份相同。3. The material composition of the quartz glass tube and the solid quartz glass rod is the same.
4、所述的烧结是在光纤预制棒在组棒工艺完成后在高温氢氧焰条件下对预制棒一侧端头做烧结处理。4. The sintering is to sinter the end of one side of the preformed rod under the condition of high-temperature hydrogen-oxygen flame after the assembly process of the optical fiber preformed rod is completed.
5、多芯光纤预制棒用光纤拉丝塔进行拉丝，在拉丝过程中在光纤预制棒未进行烧结的一侧端头采用内部负压技术，使一组光纤芯融合在石英玻璃材料包层中拉出环形多芯结构光纤。5. The multi-core optical fiber preform is drawn with an optical fiber drawing tower. During the drawing process, an internal negative pressure technology is used at the end of the optical fiber preform that is not sintered to make a group of optical fiber cores fused in the cladding of quartz glass material. Out of the ring multi-core structure fiber.
与现有技术相比本发明具有非常显著的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has very significant beneficial effects:
(1)对于光纤预制棒的制备，外层高纯石英玻璃管、一组规格性能相同的光纤芯料、内层高纯实芯玻璃棒均为制成品，便于取材。所采用的工艺方法简便可靠，容易实行，经济性好。(1) For the preparation of optical fiber preforms, the outer layer of high-purity quartz glass tube, a group of optical fiber core materials with the same specifications and properties, and the inner layer of high-purity solid core glass rods are all finished products, which are convenient for materials. The adopted process method is simple and reliable, easy to implement and good in economy.
(2)直接采用预先制备好的大芯径、大数值孔径单模光纤作为一组环形光纤芯，避免了在一根光纤预制棒中制备多个纤芯的复杂工艺，同时可以保证环形光纤芯的相同性能与相互位置关系的稳定性。(2) Directly use the pre-prepared single-mode fiber with large core diameter and large numerical aperture as a group of ring-shaped fiber cores, avoiding the complicated process of preparing multiple cores in one optical fiber preform, and at the same time ensuring that the ring-shaped fiber cores The same performance and the stability of the mutual positional relationship.
(3)对于拉出的环形多芯光纤，可以根据泵浦需要灵活的选取外层石英玻璃管、内层石英玻璃棒与光纤芯的尺寸与结构，以拉制出单个光纤芯径为几个微米到几十个微米的不同芯数的环形多芯光纤。(3) For the drawn annular multi-core optical fiber, the size and structure of the outer silica glass tube, inner silica glass rod and optical fiber core can be flexibly selected according to the pumping needs, so as to draw a single optical fiber with a core diameter of several Ring multi-core optical fiber with different core counts from microns to tens of microns.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1环形分布多芯光纤预制棒截面结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an annular distributed multi-core optical fiber preform.
图2环形分布多芯光纤纤芯截面示意图。Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the core cross-section of the ring-distributed multi-core optical fiber.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述，但不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in more detail below with examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited by this.
主要是通过以下技术方案来实现其发明目的。Mainly realize its object of invention by following technical scheme.
本发明的一种环形多芯光纤由一组光纤芯、内包层、外包层、涂层构成，所述的一组光纤芯是在光纤包层内一组性能相同且呈圆环形分布的光纤芯。A ring-shaped multi-core optical fiber of the present invention is composed of a group of optical fiber cores, inner cladding, outer cladding, and coatings. The group of optical fiber cores is a group of optical fibers with the same performance and distributed in a circular shape in the optical fiber cladding. core.
本发明的环形多芯光纤的制备方法为：The preparation method of annular multi-core optical fiber of the present invention is:
准备原料，用MCVD方法制备出大芯径大数值孔径的单模光纤，截取相同长度的一组光纤若干根，除去涂覆层备用。Prepare raw materials, prepare single-mode optical fibers with large core diameter and large numerical aperture by MCVD method, cut off a group of optical fibers with the same length, and remove the coating layer for later use.
所述的光纤预制棒的制备过程是通过如下方法实现的：选择外径与内径尺寸匹配的外层石英玻璃套管与实芯石英玻璃棒，石英玻璃棒的长度基本等于光纤芯料的长度。将石英玻璃棒插入石英玻璃套管中一定的深度，在石英玻璃棒与石英玻璃外套管之间逐个插入准备好的光纤芯料，使光纤芯料按圆环形式分布，紧密排列。在石英玻璃棒的四周，所包围的一组圆环形式光纤芯料的外径尺寸几乎等于石英玻璃套管内径，组合好后一同插入石英玻璃套管内。烧结一侧端头封口实现其光纤预制棒的制备。The preparation process of the optical fiber prefabricated rod is realized by the following method: selecting an outer quartz glass sleeve and a solid quartz glass rod whose outer diameter and inner diameter match, and the length of the quartz glass rod is basically equal to the length of the optical fiber core material. Insert the quartz glass rod into the quartz glass sleeve to a certain depth, and insert the prepared optical fiber core materials one by one between the quartz glass rod and the quartz glass outer sleeve, so that the optical fiber core materials are distributed in the form of a ring and arranged closely. Around the quartz glass rod, the outer diameter of a group of ring-shaped optical fiber core materials is almost equal to the inner diameter of the quartz glass sleeve, and they are inserted into the quartz glass sleeve together after being assembled. The end sealing of one side of sintering realizes the preparation of its optical fiber preform.
在光纤拉丝塔上拉丝时，在光纤预制棒的另一侧端头上采用了内部负压技术，在高温真空状态下熔融状态的石英材料将填入一组光纤芯之间所余下的空隙形成包层，从而拉出圆环形分布的多芯光纤。When drawing on the optical fiber drawing tower, the internal negative pressure technology is used on the other end of the optical fiber preform, and the quartz material in the molten state will be filled into the remaining gaps between a group of optical fiber cores under high temperature and vacuum conditions. Cladding, thereby pulling out the multi-core optical fiber distributed in a circular shape.
本发明的制备方法还可以包括：The preparation method of the present invention may also include:
所述的一组单芯光纤也可以直接采用商业获得的大芯径大数值孔径的单模光纤。The group of single-core optical fibers may also directly use commercially available single-mode optical fibers with large core diameter and large numerical aperture.
所述的石英玻璃套管与实芯石英玻璃棒均为具有相同性能的优质高纯石英材料。Both the quartz glass casing and the solid core quartz glass rod are high-quality high-purity quartz materials with the same performance.
所述的石英玻璃套管与实芯石英玻璃棒与一组光纤芯料其尺寸可以灵活的选取。必须保持一组光纤芯是按照圆环形紧密排列在外层石英玻璃套管与内层实芯石英玻璃棒之间，光纤芯料的数量根据圆环的周长与单根光纤芯直径之比来决定。The size of the quartz glass sleeve, solid quartz glass rod and a group of optical fiber core materials can be selected flexibly. A group of optical fiber cores must be closely arranged in a circular ring between the outer quartz glass sleeve and the inner solid core quartz glass rod. The number of optical fiber core materials is based on the ratio of the circumference of the ring to the diameter of a single optical fiber core. Decide.
所述的光纤预制棒插棒工艺要采用对外套管、一组单芯光纤、高纯实芯石英玻璃棒进行酸腐蚀与1200度左右的高温抛光综合洁净处理，而且要在超净间条件下施行组棒工艺。The optical fiber prefabricated rod inserting process should adopt acid corrosion and high-temperature polishing at about 1200 degrees for comprehensive cleaning treatment of the outer casing, a group of single-core optical fibers, and high-purity solid-core quartz glass rods, and the assembly should be carried out under ultra-clean room conditions. stick craft.
环形多芯光纤预制棒的制备如图1所示。在外层高纯石英玻璃管(1)中套入高纯实芯玻璃棒(3)，在外层高纯石英玻璃管与高纯实芯玻璃棒之间插满一组预先制备好的光纤芯(2)。外层高纯石英玻璃管与内层实心玻璃棒的直径尺寸之差应该等于单根光纤芯经的2倍，以满足插满一组环形分布的光纤芯条件。在外层高纯石英玻璃管与内层高纯实芯玻璃棒之间要插满光纤芯而且紧密排列。外层高纯石英玻璃管与内层高纯实芯玻璃棒与插入的一组光纤芯在组棒工艺之前要经过浓度为40％的氢氟酸酸蚀与1200度左右的高温抛光处理，去除内外包层与光纤芯上的灰尘杂质及表面缺陷等，并且是在超净间中实施组棒。组棒工艺完成后要用高温氢氧焰对预制棒一端端头做烧结处理。在光纤拉丝塔上拉丝时，需要在光纤预制棒的另一侧采用预制棒内部负压技术，在高温真空状态下熔融状态的石英玻璃将填入一组光纤芯之间所余下的空隙形成包层，拉出所需的环形多芯光纤。所制备出的环形多芯光纤如图2所示，(1)为多芯光纤外包层、(2)为一组环形光纤芯、(3)为多芯光纤内包层。The preparation of the annular multi-core optical fiber preform is shown in Figure 1. A high-purity solid core glass rod (3) is inserted into the outer layer high-purity quartz glass tube (1), and a group of pre-prepared optical fiber cores (2) is inserted between the outer layer high-purity quartz glass tube and the high-purity solid core glass rod. The diameter difference between the outer layer of high-purity quartz glass tube and the inner layer of solid glass rod should be equal to twice the diameter of a single optical fiber core, so as to meet the condition of inserting a group of annularly distributed optical fiber cores. Between the high-purity quartz glass tube of the outer layer and the high-purity solid core glass rod of the inner layer, the optical fiber cores shall be filled and closely arranged. The outer layer of high-purity quartz glass tube, the inner layer of high-purity solid glass rod and a group of inserted optical fiber cores must be etched with hydrofluoric acid at a concentration of 40% and high-temperature polished at about 1200 degrees before the rod assembly process to remove the inner and outer coatings. Dust impurities and surface defects on the layer and fiber core, etc., and the assembly of rods is carried out in a clean room. After the rod assembly process is completed, one end of the preform rod should be sintered with a high-temperature hydrogen-oxygen flame. When drawing on the optical fiber drawing tower, it is necessary to adopt the internal negative pressure technology of the preform on the other side of the optical fiber preform, and the molten quartz glass in the high temperature and vacuum state will fill the remaining gaps between a group of optical fiber cores to form a package. Layer, pull out the required ring multi-core fiber. The prepared annular multi-core optical fiber is shown in Figure 2, (1) is the outer cladding of the multi-core optical fiber, (2) is a group of annular optical fiber cores, and (3) is the inner cladding of the multi-core optical fiber.
一个具体实施的例子为：高纯石英玻璃外套管外径/内径尺寸为6.15/4.15mm，高纯石英玻璃棒直径为3mm，采用大芯径大数值孔径的光纤芯22根，其纤芯与包层的尺寸分别为400um/520um，组合制备出环形芯光纤预制棒。在光纤拉丝塔上拉出的环形芯光纤经过涂敷后为标准外径125um，22个光纤芯、单芯芯径为8.13um。环形分布多芯光纤实物如图3示意，其中(1)为外包层，(2)为一组环形结构光纤芯，(3)为内包层，(4)为外包层。将入射激光注入环形光纤芯后，由于环形多芯之间的光场相干作用，从而使光纤传递能量的能力大大增强。所述环形芯光纤可应用于大功率光纤激光器的制作。A specific example of implementation is: the outer diameter/inner diameter of the high-purity quartz glass outer tube is 6.15/4.15mm, the diameter of the high-purity quartz glass rod is 3mm, and 22 optical fiber cores with large core diameters and large numerical apertures are used. The size of the cladding is 400um/520um respectively, and the ring-core optical fiber preform is prepared in combination. The ring-core optical fiber drawn on the fiber drawing tower has a standard outer diameter of 125um after coating, 22 optical fiber cores, and a single core diameter of 8.13um. The actual multi-core optical fiber with ring distribution is shown in Figure 3, where (1) is the outer cladding, (2) is a group of ring-shaped fiber cores, (3) is the inner cladding, and (4) is the outer cladding. After the incident laser light is injected into the ring fiber core, the ability of the fiber to transmit energy is greatly enhanced due to the coherent effect of the light field between the ring multi-cores. The ring-core fiber can be applied to the manufacture of high-power fiber lasers.
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