CN101832955A - High-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种高灵敏空气氡浓度α能谱测量方法，包括氡及其子体收集装置、α射线半导体探测器、温湿度测量模块、电路系统、人机交互界面及计算机数据分析系统。α射线半导体探测器灵敏表面置于氡及其子体收集装置腔体内部，α射线半导体探测器、温湿度测量模块及人机交互界面与电路系统相连接，电路系统通过USB接口与计算机数据分析系统相连。采用静态扩散的方式收集空气中的氡，采用高压静电方式吸附氡带电子体进行探测；利用α射线半导体探测器采用α能谱测量来区分氡钍子体，实现空气氡浓度测量；采用温湿度同步测量方式修正其对氡浓度测量的影响。该方法适用于民用建筑工程室内辐射环境氡水平监测及污染控制、矿井坑道氡浓度监测等领域。

The invention discloses a highly sensitive air radon concentration α energy spectrum measurement method, which comprises a radon and its offspring collection device, an α ray semiconductor detector, a temperature and humidity measurement module, a circuit system, a man-machine interface and a computer data analysis system. The sensitive surface of the α-ray semiconductor detector is placed inside the cavity of the radon and its daughter collection device. The α-ray semiconductor detector, the temperature and humidity measurement module and the human-computer interaction interface are connected with the circuit system, and the circuit system is connected with the computer data analysis through the USB interface. The system is connected. Static diffusion is used to collect radon in the air, and high-voltage static electricity is used to absorb radon electrons for detection; α-ray semiconductor detectors are used to measure α-energy spectrum to distinguish radon thoron progeny, and to measure the radon concentration in the air; temperature and humidity are used Synchronous measurement mode corrects its influence on radon concentration measurement. The method is applicable to the fields of radon level monitoring and pollution control in the indoor radiation environment of civil construction projects, radon concentration monitoring in mine tunnels, and the like.

Description

A kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of alpha energy spectrum and survey radon method and corresponding device thereof, be specifically related to a kind of a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air of realizing radon gas measurement of concetration and analysis in the air.

Background technology

Radon is the gaseous state radioactive nuclide in the natural radioactivity decay series, and its decay product is again a kind of not volatile radiomaterial, in case be inhaled into human body, will cause damage and increase the possibility of bringing out lung cancer the human lung.Studies show that according to statistics it is to be only second to the 2nd big inducement that smoking causes lung cancer that indoor radon gas pollutes.For this reason, country has put into effect standard GB 50325-2001 " civil building engineering indoor environmental pollution control standard " and standard GB/T18883-2002 " IAQ (indoor air quality) standard ", has stipulated the requirement that indoor radon gas is detected.A kind of high sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air has broad application prospects at the civil building engineering indoor radiation environment radon level monitoring and the fields such as control field, standard radon chamber radon concentration monitor, mine tunnel radon concentration monitor of polluting.

Existing emanometer, surveying radon, natural thermoluminescence survey radon, absorbent charcoal method survey radon, air pulse ionization chamber survey radon etc. as alpha track is difficult to accomplish survey radon with alpha energy spectrum, therefore can't distinguish the energy spectral property of radon and daughter thereof, be subjected to the influence of ambient temperature and humidity simultaneously, the measured value uncertainty is bigger, and sensitivity is also relatively low, and these have all limited the further understanding of people to the harm of environment radon gas.Owing to adopt the α total amount to measure, be subjected to the influence of radon daughter equilibration time (more than 4 hours) during measurement, generally need the long cumulative measurement time, this does not meet the application that measuring speed is had requirement.Though the existing RAD7 type pump suction type alpha energy spectrum emanometer that produces as the U.S., but because it adopts dynamic pump to inhale mode, in carrying out air during radon concentration monitoring, bigger to the field disturbance of measurement environment radon gas, therefore measuring result error is bigger, it is also not high enough that it measures sensitivity, simultaneously instrument system physical construction comparatively complicated, cost an arm and a leg, power consumption is big, volume is bigger, therefore also inconvenience is used.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned technical deficiency,, adopt the buildup of static electricity method to realize airborne radon and daughter thereof are carried out the alpha energy spectrum measurement based on the static diffusion principle of airborne radon gas.This method is at the detection requirement of radon gas in the present room air, adopt the alpha ray semiconductor detector as detecting element, utilize the static diffusion principle of radon gas, adopt the buildup of static electricity method that airborne radon and daughter thereof are carried out the alpha energy spectrum measurement, and radon and daughter gathering-device thereof and alpha energy spectrum measuring and analysis system carried out integrated design, the simultaneously integrated measurement module that can measure radon and the inner humiture of daughter gathering-device cavity thereof can obtain the correction model of humiture to radon concentration monitoring result influence by standard radon chamber scale.The alpha energy spectrum emanometer that utilizes this method to be designed to can be finished civil building engineering indoor radiation environment radon level monitoring and pollute control, fields such as standard radon chamber radon concentration monitor, mine tunnel radon concentration monitor, have simple and reasonable, measurement is highly sensitive, uncertainty is little, volume is little, advantage such as low in energy consumption, cheap, easy to use.

For reaching the foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme that is adopted is: a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air is characterized in that: comprise radon and daughter gathering-device thereof, alpha ray semiconductor detector, temperature and humidity measurement module, Circuits System, human-computer interaction interface and computer data analytic system; Alpha ray semiconductor detector (8) sensitive surface places radon and daughter gathering-device cavity (7) inside thereof, and its signal output part is connected with the signal condition unit (4) of Circuits System; Temperature and humidity measurement module and human-computer interaction interface (1) are connected with Circuits System by interface, and on the temperature and humidity measurement module installing plate, its searching surface is surveyed through hole (6) via the temperature and humidity measurement module and placed radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof; Circuits System links to each other with the computer data analytic system by USB interface (9).

According to a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air provided by the invention, it is characterized in that: described radon and daughter gathering-device thereof are the conductive stud cavity, add positive high voltage on the cavity wall, its internal electric field force direction (10) points to alpha ray semiconductor detector sensitive surface; Radon diffusion hole (11) is left in the lower end of its cavity, and the filter membrane of dust in the filtering air is equipped with at radon diffusion hole place; The other end of cavity is the sealing surface of sensitive area surface of insulating material (5) and alpha ray semiconductor detector and temperature degree measurement module surface composition; Radon and daughter gathering-device thereof are connected with Circuits System and instrument system shell respectively by insulating material (5), (12); Whole instrument can be fixed on the special measurement tripod by tripod fixing port (13).

According to a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air provided by the invention, it is characterized in that: described alpha ray semiconductor detector is fixed on the signal condition element circuit plate of Circuits System, circuit board is installed on the insulating material (5), links into an integrated entity by insulating material and radon and daughter gathering-device cavity thereof; The insulating material lower surface is made conducting surface, constitutes radon and daughter gathering-device cavity thereof conduction sealing surface.

According to a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air provided by the invention, it is characterized in that: described Circuits System is made of data acquisition unit (2), Power Management Unit (3), three parts in signal condition unit, specifically comprises noiselike signal modulate circuit, multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, microprocessor system, low-power dissipation power supply administration module; Noiselike signal modulate circuit signal input part is connected with the alpha ray semiconductor detector, and signal output part links to each other with the multichannel pulse scope-analyzer signal input part; The multichannel analyzer signal output part is connected with microprocessor system; The low-power dissipation power supply administration module links to each other with the equipment circuit system; Wherein, microprocessor system comprises real-time clock module, data memory module, keyboard interface module, display interface module and usb communication interface module again; Microprocessor system has the radon concentration correction model under the different temperature and humidity conditions simultaneously.

By top narration as can be seen, the present invention has the following advantages: on structural design, radon and daughter gathering-device thereof and alpha energy spectrum measuring and analysis system are carried out integrated design, make things convenient for execute-in-place and maintenance; In system design, adopt the big sensitive area alpha ray semiconductor detector of surveying, adopt the big volume cylinder type metal of band high-pressure electrostatic collection chamber, increase and measure sensitivity; On systemic-function, carry out the alpha energy spectrum Measurement and analysis, help distinguishing radon and daughter thereof energy spectral property, adopt the humiture synchro measure, revise the influence of humiture to radon survey, improve measurement accuracy; On measuring principle, adopt the static diffusion principle of radon gas, utilize the buildup of static electricity measuring method, realize the measurement of radon concentration in the air, help eliminating the influence of air turbulence to measurement result.On system performance, adopt the low-power dissipation power supply design proposal, and adopt up-to-date OLED display technique, and leave USB interface, conveniently be connected, so that the secondary analysis of data with the background data base of computing machine; On technical indicator, the apparatus measures uncertainty is better than 15%, and the measurement sensitivity of 1cph counting rate correspondence is better than 1Bq/m³, 256 roads are composed demonstration, Overall Power Consumption＜300mW entirely.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is system's principle of compositionality block diagram of a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air provided by the invention.

Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air provided by the invention.

Wherein: (1) human-computer interaction interface; (2) data acquisition unit; (3) Power Management Unit; (4) signal condition unit; (5) insulating material; (6) the temperature and humidity measurement module is surveyed through hole; (7) radon and daughter gathering-device cavity thereof; (8) alpha ray semiconductor detector; (9) USB interface; (10) electric field force direction; (11) radon diffusion hole; (12) insulating material; (13) tripod fixing port.

The equipment circuit system principle diagram of a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air that Fig. 3 provides for the utility model.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described:

Fig. 1 is system's principle of compositionality block diagram of a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air provided by the invention, comprises radon and daughter gathering-device thereof, alpha ray semiconductor detector, temperature and humidity measurement module, Circuits System, human-computer interaction interface and computer data analytic system as shown in FIG..

Alpha ray semiconductor detector sensitive surface places radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof, and its signal output part is connected with the signal condition unit of Circuits System; Temperature and humidity measurement module and human-computer interaction interface are connected with Circuits System by interface, and the temperature and humidity measurement module is installed onboard, and its searching surface is surveyed through hole via the temperature and humidity measurement module and placed radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof; Circuits System links to each other with the computer data analytic system by USB interface.

Fig. 2 is the apparatus structure figure of a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air provided by the invention.As shown in FIG., specifically comprise human-computer interaction interface (1), data acquisition unit (2), Power Management Unit (3), signal condition unit (4), insulating material (5), temperature and humidity measurement module detection through hole (6), radon and daughter gathering-device cavity (7) thereof, alpha ray semiconductor detector (8), USB interface (9), electric field force direction (10), radon diffusion hole (11), insulating material (12), tripod fixing port (13) several sections.Can finish the operation of instrument and the output of instrument information by interpersonal interactive interface; Data acquisition unit, Power Management Unit, signal condition unit are installed in radon and daughter gathering-device cavity top thereof by insulating material (4); The temperature and humidity measurement module is installed in the temperature and humidity measurement module and surveys the through hole, is used to measure the humiture of radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof; Radon and daughter gathering-device thereof are the conductive stud cavity, add positive high voltage on the cavity wall, radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside and its thereof are surperficial to be connected with Circuits System ground because alpha ray semiconductor detector sensitive surface places, so the electric field force direction of radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof is pointed to alpha ray semiconductor detector sensitive surface, by the charged daughter of radon in electric field force absorption radon and the daughter gathering-device cavity thereof; Airborne radon enters radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof by the radon diffusion hole, and the charged daughter of airborne radon can not enter radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof under the electric field force effect; Computer system can be by control and the data read of USB interface realization to apparatus; Whole apparatus can be fixed on by the tripod fixing port and measure on the tripod.

The equipment circuit system principle diagram of a kind of high-sensitivity alpha energy spectrum measuring method of radon concentration in air that Fig. 3 provides for the utility model.As shown in FIG., comprise radon and daughter gathering-device thereof, alpha ray semiconductor detector, noiselike signal modulate circuit, multichannel pulse scope-analyzer, man-machine interface, temperature and humidity measurement module, real-time clock, USB interface, SOC (system on a chip) microprocessor, low-power dissipation power supply administration module and computer data analytic system.Noiselike signal modulate circuit signal input part is connected with the alpha ray semiconductor detector, the alpha ray signal of the inside cavity of the radon that detected by semiconductor and gathering-device thereof is amplified in conditioning, its signal output part links to each other with the multichannel pulse scope-analyzer signal input part, converts the output signal of signal conditioning circuit to digital signal by multichannel pulse scope-analyzer; The multichannel analyzer signal output part is connected with the SOC (system on a chip) microprocessor, and microprocessor reads this digital signal of storage and handles; The SOC (system on a chip) microprocessor can be measured the humiture of radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof simultaneously by the temperature and humidity measurement module, and by these humiture data, the scale model of matching standard radon chamber is realized the correction of the humiture influence of radon concentration monitoring data; The SOC (system on a chip) microprocessor and the time clock module, data memory module, human-machine interface module and usb communication interface module constitute microprocessor system; The low-power dissipation power supply administration module links to each other with the equipment circuit system, realizes the power-supply system of entire circuit is carried out the low-power consumption management.

For content of the present invention is described, below principle of the present invention is further elaborated:

In theory, in a stable space, radon and daughter thereof are in the radioactivity dynamic balance state.Radon and daughter generation alpha-decay thereof radiate the α particle, and according to the radioactive equilibrium theory, radon concentration is directly proportional with these α populations, thereby realize the measurement of radon concentration in the air by measuring these α particles.Be diffused into the first generation decay daughter of the radon of radon and daughter gathering-device cavity inside thereof by the mode cumulative measurement of alpha energy spectrum²¹⁸The α particle information that Po decay produces, thus can determine the concentration of radon in the air.

Because radon daughter is the positively charged particulate, in the air the charged daughter of original radon under the electric field force effect of the housing surface of radon and daughter gathering-device thereof, the inside cavity that can't enter radon and daughter gathering-device thereof.And radon itself is uncharged inert gas, the inside cavity of can be poor, entering radon and daughter gathering-device thereof under the effect such as radon group arrowhead at cross-ventilation, radon concentration gradient, in inside alpha-decay taking place produces the charged daughter of radon, these daughters are under the high-voltage electric field effect of radon and daughter gathering-device cavity thereof, be adsorbed to the semiconductor detector surface, on the semiconductor detector surface alpha-decay takes place and produce the α particle, this α particle enters semiconductor detector PN junction district.Because the α particle has very strong ionizing power, so can produce a large amount of electron-hole pairs in the PN junction district.These electron-hole pairs are under the effect of PN junction bias voltage, and run-up also outputs in the follow-up noiselike signal modulate circuit, amplify electric impulse signal of back output by it, and subsequent conditioning circuit writes down this electric impulse signal, thereby obtains the α particle information.The alpha-particle energy that different daughter disintegrations produce is different, so the electron-hole pair quantity that ionization is come out is also different, is reflected in also difference of subsequent conditioning circuit pulse height.Adopt alpha energy spectrum to measure according to this characteristic, can distinguish the energy spectral property of radon and daughter thereof effectively, thereby can determine the radon contents in the test environment.According to the radioactivity shifting balance theory, radon and its first generation daughter Po-218 reach radioactive equilibrium only needed get final product in 30 minutes, therefore measured Po-218 information by the alpha energy spectrum measuring technique, can realize radon concentration monitoring in the air in half an hour.

Though described embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the protection domain that those of ordinary skills do not need various distortion that creativity work just can make or modification still to belong to this patent within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (4)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种高灵敏空气氡浓度α能谱测量方法，其特征在于：包括氡及其子体收集装置、α射线半导体探测器、温湿度测量模块、电路系统、人机交互界面以及计算机数据分析系统；α射线半导体探测器(8)灵敏表面置于氡及其子体收集装置腔体(7)内部，其信号输出端与电路系统的信号调理单元(4)相连接；温湿度测量模块以及人机交互界面(1)通过接口与电路系统相连接，温湿度测量模块安装板上，其探测表面经由温湿度测量模块探测通孔(6)置于氡及其子体收集装置腔体内部；电路系统通过USB接口(9)与计算机数据分析系统相连。1. A highly sensitive air radon concentration α energy spectrum measurement method is characterized in that: comprising radon and its progeny collection device, α ray semiconductor detector, temperature and humidity measurement module, circuit system, man-machine interface and computer data analysis system; the sensitive surface of the α-ray semiconductor detector (8) is placed inside the cavity (7) of the radon and its progeny collection device, and its signal output terminal is connected with the signal conditioning unit (4) of the circuit system; the temperature and humidity measurement module and The human-computer interaction interface (1) is connected to the circuit system through the interface, the temperature and humidity measurement module is installed on the mounting plate, and its detection surface is placed inside the cavity of the radon and its offspring collection device through the detection through hole (6) of the temperature and humidity measurement module; The circuit system is connected with the computer data analysis system through the USB interface (9).2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高灵敏空气氡浓度α能谱测量方法，其特征在于：所述的氡及其子体收集装置为导电柱形腔体，腔体壁上加正高压，其内部电场力方向(10)指向α射线半导体探测器灵敏表面，其腔体的下端留有氡扩散孔(11)，氡扩散孔处装有滤除空气中灰尘的滤膜；腔体的另一端为绝缘材料(5)和α射线半导体探测器灵敏面积表面及温度度测量模块表面组成的封闭面；氡及其子体收集装置通过绝缘材料(5)、(12)分别与电路系统及仪器系统外壳相连接；整个仪器可以通过三角架固定口(13)固定在专用测量三角架上。2. a kind of highly sensitive air radon concentration α energy spectrum measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described radon and its progeny collecting device are conductive cylindrical cavity, add positive high voltage on the cavity wall , its internal electric field force direction (10) points to the sensitive surface of the α-ray semiconductor detector, and the lower end of the cavity has a radon diffusion hole (11), and the radon diffusion hole is equipped with a filter membrane to filter out dust in the air; The other end is the closed surface formed by the insulating material (5) and the surface of the sensitive area of the α-ray semiconductor detector and the surface of the temperature measurement module; radon and its progeny collecting device are respectively connected to the circuit system and the The shells of the instrument systems are connected; the entire instrument can be fixed on a special measuring tripod through the tripod fixing port (13).3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高灵敏空气氡浓度α能谱测量方法，其特征在于：所述的α射线半导体探测器固定到电路系统的信号调理单元电路板上，电路板安装在绝缘材料(5)上，通过绝缘材料与氡及其子体收集装置腔体连接成一体；绝缘材料下表面制成导电面，构成氡及其子体收集装置腔体导电封闭面。3. a kind of highly sensitive air radon concentration α energy spectrum measurement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described α ray semiconductor detector is fixed on the signal conditioning unit circuit board of circuit system, and circuit board is installed on On the insulating material (5), it is integrated with the cavity of the radon and its daughter collection device through the insulating material; the lower surface of the insulating material is made into a conductive surface, which constitutes the conductive sealing surface of the cavity of the radon and its daughter collection device.4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高灵敏空气氡浓度α能谱测量方法，其特征在于：所述的电路系统由数据采集单元(2)、电源管理单元(3)、信号调理单元三个部分构成，具体包含低噪声信号调理电路、多道脉冲幅度分析器、微处理器系统、低功耗电源管理模块；低噪声信号调理电路信号输入端与α射线半导体探测器相连接，信号输出端与多道脉冲幅度分析器信号输入端相连；多道脉冲分析器信号输出端与微处理器系统相连接；低功耗电源管理模块与仪器电路系统相连；其中，微处理器系统又包含实时时钟模块、数据存储模块、键盘接口模块、显示接口模块及USB通信接口模块；微处理器系统同时具有不同温湿度条件下的氡浓度修正模型。4. a kind of highly sensitive air radon concentration α energy spectrum measurement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described circuit system is made up of data acquisition unit (2), power management unit (3), signal conditioning unit three It consists of three parts, specifically including low-noise signal conditioning circuit, multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer, microprocessor system, and low-power power management module; the signal input end of the low-noise signal conditioning circuit is connected with the α-ray semiconductor detector, and the signal output The terminal is connected with the signal input terminal of the multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer; the signal output terminal of the multi-channel pulse analyzer is connected with the microprocessor system; the low power consumption power management module is connected with the instrument circuit system; among them, the microprocessor system also includes Clock module, data storage module, keyboard interface module, display interface module and USB communication interface module; the microprocessor system also has radon concentration correction models under different temperature and humidity conditions.

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