CN101822855B - Tandem Cascade Stator Structure of Artificial Heart Blood Pump - Google Patents
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Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种人工心脏血液泵的串列叶栅静子结构，属于综合叶轮机械技术与医学技术的技术领域。The invention relates to a tandem cascade stator structure of an artificial heart blood pump, which belongs to the technical field of comprehensive impeller machinery technology and medical technology.
背景技术Background technique
心力衰竭是各种心脏病发展的晚期阶段，直接威胁着越来越多的病人的生命。目前治疗心衰的方法主要有：药物治疗、外科手术、机械辅助循环、心脏移植、细胞移植等。药物治疗占了其中的绝大部分，但是当病情较重，甚至是心脏功能丧失的时候，就必须采取心脏移植救治。然而心脏移植的治疗方法有着较大的局限性，主要是因为用于移植的健康心脏数量很少并且很难及时获得，而且手术后可能产生排异反应和机会性感染。所以人造机械血液泵，即：人工心脏，有着很大的需求。Heart failure is a late stage in the development of various heart diseases, directly threatening the lives of more and more patients. The current treatment methods for heart failure mainly include: drug therapy, surgery, mechanically assisted circulation, heart transplantation, cell transplantation and so on. Drug treatment accounts for the vast majority of them, but when the condition is serious, or even when the heart function is lost, heart transplantation must be taken for treatment. However, the treatment method of heart transplantation has great limitations, mainly because the number of healthy hearts used for transplantation is small and it is difficult to obtain in time, and rejection and opportunistic infection may occur after surgery. Therefore, artificial mechanical blood pumps, namely: artificial hearts, are in great demand.
人造机械血液泵按照工作机理和构造的不同可分为：脉动式血液泵和旋转式连续流的叶轮式血液泵。相对于脉动式血液泵，旋转式连续流的叶轮式血液泵具有结构简单、易于制造、无需安装人工瓣膜等优点。叶轮式血液泵又进一步分为叶轮式轴流血液泵、叶轮式离心血液泵和叶轮式混流血液泵。叶轮式轴流血液泵相比叶轮式离心血液泵，具有体积小、预充量小、对血液破坏程度轻等优点，并且更适于植入人体。Artificial mechanical blood pumps can be divided into pulsating blood pumps and rotary continuous flow impeller blood pumps according to their working mechanism and structure. Compared with the pulsating blood pump, the rotary continuous-flow impeller blood pump has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, and no need to install artificial valves. Impeller blood pumps are further divided into impeller axial blood pumps, impeller centrifugal blood pumps and impeller mixed flow blood pumps. Compared with the impeller-type centrifugal blood pump, the impeller-type axial flow blood pump has the advantages of small size, small pre-charge volume, and less damage to blood, and is more suitable for implantation in the human body.
在叶轮式轴流血液泵的设计中，不仅要考虑满足人体基本需要的供血压升需求，而且要考虑血液泵的抗溶血性能，血液循环过程中氧气的输送是由血红细胞完成的，过大的切应力会使血红细胞的细胞膜撕裂，细胞内的血红蛋白游离到血浆中，导致血红细胞的携氧能力丧失，这就是所谓的溶血现象。大量的溶血会造成血液循环的氧交换能力大幅下降，引起贫血，严重的还会危及生命。导致溶血的因素有很多，但内在的原因是血液的动力学行为。现有的研究表明，溶血出现在不符合生理要求的血流中，如湍流，涡流，高剪切应力区等。溶血好坏对于血液泵能否成功应用于临床都有着至关重要的作用。In the design of the impeller type axial flow blood pump, not only the demand for blood pressure increase to meet the basic needs of the human body must be considered, but also the anti-hemolytic performance of the blood pump must be considered. The delivery of oxygen in the blood circulation process is completed by red blood cells. The shear stress of the red blood cell will tear the cell membrane of the red blood cell, and the hemoglobin in the cell will dissociate into the plasma, resulting in the loss of the oxygen carrying capacity of the red blood cell. This is the so-called hemolysis phenomenon. A large amount of hemolysis will cause a significant decrease in the oxygen exchange capacity of the blood circulation, causing anemia, and even life-threatening in severe cases. There are many factors that lead to hemolysis, but the underlying reason is the dynamic behavior of blood. Existing studies have shown that hemolysis occurs in blood flow that does not meet physiological requirements, such as turbulent flow, eddy current, high shear stress area, etc. The quality of hemolysis plays a vital role in whether the blood pump can be successfully applied in clinical practice.
叶轮式轴流血液泵主要由导叶部分、转子部分和静子部分组成，其中静子部分不仅起到了整流血液出口方向的作用，而且对提高血液的压升起到了一定的作用。在血液流经血液泵的过程中，血液从转子流出后具有较高的速度和偏转角度，静子面对如此恶劣的进口条件，极易出现涡流和回流等不良流动现象，进而引发溶血问题，这一点已经被数值模拟结果和血液泵动物实验结果所证实，所以静子的设计好坏对血液泵的抗溶血性能有着很大的影响。因此说结构先进、设计合理的静子对一个能够成功应用于临床的人工心脏血液泵来说必不可少。The impeller type axial flow blood pump is mainly composed of a guide vane part, a rotor part and a stator part. The stator part not only plays the role of rectifying the direction of blood outlet, but also plays a certain role in increasing the blood pressure rise. In the process of blood flowing through the blood pump, the blood flows out of the rotor with high speed and deflection angle. Faced with such harsh inlet conditions, the stator is prone to adverse flow phenomena such as eddy current and backflow, which in turn causes hemolysis. One point has been confirmed by numerical simulation results and blood pump animal experiments, so the design of the stator has a great influence on the anti-hemolysis performance of the blood pump. Therefore, a stator with advanced structure and reasonable design is indispensable for an artificial heart blood pump that can be successfully applied in clinical practice.
在航空发动机的轴流压气机或离心压气机部件应用到的串列叶栅技术可以起到抑制、推迟流动分离的作用，尤其在气流折转角较大的情况下，效果更为明显，其应用有效地提高了压气机的效率和性能。在叶轮式轴流血液泵的静子设计中，至今却没有基于串列叶栅结构的设计，基本都是单排的一般静子结构设计，即使在静子后的血泵出口部位再加一排叶片，目的也主要在于进一步导直血液出口的流动，起到后导叶的作用。一般结构的血泵静子部分采用一排叶片来承受较大的血液流动折转角，这种结构的缺陷在于通过静子部分，将转子出口的高速、大偏转角的血液流动转为平稳的轴向流动的过程中，会有接近70·-80·的角度偏转，从而极易出现涡流、倒流等分离问题，从而会引发溶血问题，影响到血泵的抗溶血性能。The tandem cascade technology applied to the axial flow compressor or centrifugal compressor parts of the aero-engine can suppress and delay the flow separation, especially in the case of a large air flow turning angle, the effect is more obvious, and its application Effectively improve the efficiency and performance of the compressor. In the stator design of the impeller axial flow blood pump, there is no design based on the cascade structure so far, and it is basically a single-row general stator structure design. Even if a row of blades is added at the outlet of the blood pump behind the stator, The main purpose is to further direct the flow of the blood outlet, and play the role of the rear guide vane. The blood pump stator part of the general structure adopts a row of blades to bear the large blood flow deflection angle. The defect of this structure is that the high-speed and large deflection angle blood flow at the rotor outlet is transformed into a smooth axial flow through the stator part. During the process, there will be an angle deflection close to 70·-80·, which will easily cause separation problems such as eddy current and backflow, which will cause hemolysis and affect the anti-hemolysis performance of the blood pump.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种人工心脏血液泵的串列叶栅静子结构，如图1b所示，将一般血泵静子结构设计的五片静子叶片分为五片前排叶片和五片后排叶片的串列叶栅结构，流道部分采用了流线型的三次样条曲线，图中两种结构的叶片叶尖直径均为12.7mm。设计目的在于使得静子部分不仅能够具有较高的供血压升能力，而且能够获得较好的流场分布，提高血液泵的抗溶血性能，满足其在将来短期或者长期植入心力衰竭患者体内的要求。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tandem cascade stator structure of an artificial heart blood pump. As shown in Figure 1b, the five stator blades of the general blood pump stator structure design are divided into five front row blades and five rear row blades. The tandem cascade structure of the blade adopts a streamlined cubic spline curve in the flow channel. The diameter of the blade tip of the two structures in the figure is 12.7mm. The purpose of the design is to make the stator part not only have a higher blood pressure supply capacity, but also can obtain a better flow field distribution, improve the anti-hemolysis performance of the blood pump, and meet the requirements of short-term or long-term implantation in patients with heart failure in the future. .
本发明的技术方案主要包括以下几点：Technical scheme of the present invention mainly comprises the following points:
一种人工心脏血液泵的串列叶栅静子结构，其特征在于：该串列叶栅静子结构包括静子轮毂流道及其静子叶片：A tandem cascade stator structure of an artificial heart blood pump, characterized in that: the tandem cascade stator structure includes a stator hub flow channel and its stator blades:
1、静子轮毂流道，采用了流线型的三次样条曲线流道，如图4a标号8所示。这种流线型流道防止了压力的突扩，有利于在静子叶片区抑制流动的分离，三次样条流线型静子轮毂轴向范围如图4a标号13所示，该三次样条曲线插值点子午坐标如下，横坐标为插值节点轴向坐标，纵坐标为插值节点在垂直轴向的展向方向坐标，单位均为m：1. The flow path of the stator hub adopts a streamlined cubic spline curve flow path, as shown by the number 8 in Figure 4a. This streamlined flow path prevents the sudden expansion of pressure, and is beneficial to suppress the separation of flow in the stator blade area. The axial range of the cubic spline streamlined stator hub is shown in Figure 4a, and the meridional coordinates of the interpolation point of the cubic spline curve are as follows , the abscissa is the axial coordinate of the interpolation node, and the ordinate is the span direction coordinate of the interpolation node on the vertical axis, and the unit is m:
(0.01250，0.00525)，(0.01358，0.00525)，(0.01500，0.00522)，(0.01787，0.00512)，(0.01969，0.00504)，(0.02176，0.00488)，(0.02387，0.00463)，(0.02679，0.00399)，(0.02887，0.00324)，(0.03073，0.00246)，(0.03207，0.00202)，(0.03230，0.00200)；(0.01250, 0.00555), (0.01358, 0.00525), (0.01500, 0.00522), (0.01787, 0.00512), (0.01969, 0.00504), (0.02176, 0.004888), (0.02679,29999), (0.02679,299), , 0.00324), (0.03073, 0.00246), (0.03207, 0.00202), (0.03230, 0.00200);
2、静子叶片部分由五片前排叶片2和五片后排叶片3组成，后排叶片前缘11与前排叶片尾缘10之间留有一定间隙，在子午和叶栅结构视图(图4a、b)上，指明了各叶片参数含义，前排叶片前缘9和前排叶片尾缘10在前排叶片根部4的半径分别为5.25mm和5.07mm，前排叶片前缘9和前排叶片尾缘10在前排叶片尖部6的半径均为6.35mm；后排叶片前缘11和后排叶片尾缘12在后排叶片根部5的半径分别为5.06mm和4.43mm，后排叶片前缘11和后排叶片尾缘12在后排叶片尖部7的半径均为6.35mm。前排叶片前缘9和前排叶片尾缘10在前排叶片根部4的前缘叶片角β11和尾缘叶片角β21分别为-70.20°和-18.70°，前排叶片前缘9和前排叶片尾缘10在前排叶片尖部6的前缘叶片角β12和尾缘叶片角β22分别为-60.3°和-31.2°；后排叶片前缘11和后排叶片尾缘12在后排叶片根部5的前缘叶片角β13和尾缘叶片角β23分别为-39.1°和11.5°，后排叶片前缘11和后排叶片尾缘12在后排叶片尖部7的前缘叶片角β14和尾缘叶片角β24分别为-30.3°和8.9°。前排叶片安装角βy1在前排叶片根部4为-47.7°，在前排叶片尖部6为-48.8°；后排叶片安装角βy2在后排叶片根部5为-13.7°，在后排叶片尖部7为-10.6°。前排叶片根部4的轴向长度为6.48mm，前排叶片尖部6的轴向长度为6.28mm；后排叶片根部5的轴向长度为5.74mm，后排叶片尖部7的轴向长度为5.74mm。前、后排叶片参数值可参见表1。角度方向的定义以该角度方向相对血液泵轴向(从静子进口方向指向出口方向)为顺时针旋转方向为正。2. The stator blade part is composed of five
表1.串列叶栅静子前后排叶片几何参数Table 1. Geometric parameters of the front and rear row blades of the tandem cascade stator
前排叶片根部叶片角βhub分布分别采用两段三次样条曲线拟合得到，横坐标是以前排叶片前缘点为基准的子午轴向长度值，单位为m；纵坐标为根部叶片角βhub值，单位为°。在前排叶片根部：第一段三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00000，-70.7)，(0.00046，-67.2)，(0.00092，-64.0)，(0.00137，-59.1)；第二段三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00137，-59.1)，(0.00309，-42.2)，(0.00480，-29.3)，(0.00648，-18.7)。前排叶片尖部叶片角βtip分布分别采用两段三次样条曲线拟合得到，横坐标是以前排叶片前缘点为基准的子午轴向长度值，单位为m；纵坐标为尖部叶片角βtip值，单位为°。在前排叶片尖部：第一段三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00000，-60.5)，(0.00044，-59.1)，(0.00089，-57.7)，(0.00133，-56.5)；第二段三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00133，-56.5)，(0.00298，-48.7)，(0.00463，-40.7)，(0.00628，-31.3)。The hub distribution of blade angle β at the root of the front row of blades is obtained by fitting two sections of cubic spline curves respectively. The abscissa is the length value of the meridian axis based on the leading edge point of the front row of blades, and the unit is m; the ordinate is the root blade angle βThe hub value, in °. At the root of the front blade: the interpolation node coordinates of the first cubic spline curve are: (0.00000, -70.7), (0.00046, -67.2), (0.00092, -64.0), (0.00137, -59.1); the second section The interpolation node coordinates for the cubic spline are: (0.00137, -59.1), (0.00309, -42.2), (0.00480, -29.3), (0.00648, -18.7). The blade angle βtip distribution at the tip of the front row of blades is obtained by fitting two sections of cubic spline curves respectively. The abscissa is the length value of the meridian axis based on the leading edge point of the front row of blades, and the unit is m; the ordinate is the tip blade Angle βtip value, unit is °. At the tip of the front blade: the interpolation node coordinates of the first cubic spline curve are: (0.00000, -60.5), (0.00044, -59.1), (0.00089, -57.7), (0.00133, -56.5); the second The interpolation node coordinates of the segment cubic spline curve are: (0.00133, -56.5), (0.00298, -48.7), (0.00463, -40.7), (0.00628, -31.3).
后排叶片根部叶片角βhub和尖部叶片角βtip分布采用三次样条曲线拟合得到，横坐标是以前排叶片前缘点为基准的子午轴向长度值，单位为m；纵坐标分别为根部叶片角βhub和尖部叶片角βtip，单位为°。在后排叶片根部：三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00676，-39.1)，(0.00876，-20.0)，(0.01070，-3.7)，(0.01254，12.1)。在后排叶片尖部：三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00676，-30.3)，(0.00867，-16.5)，(0.01059，-3.7)，(0.01250，9.4)。The blade angle βhub at the root of the rear row blade and the blade angle βtip at the tip are obtained by fitting the cubic spline curve. is the root blade angle βhub and the tip blade angle βtip , the unit is °. At the root of the rear row of blades: the interpolation node coordinates of the cubic spline curve are: (0.00676, -39.1), (0.00876, -20.0), (0.01070, -3.7), (0.01254, 12.1). At the tip of the rear row of blades: the interpolation node coordinates of the cubic spline curve are: (0.00676, -30.3), (0.00867, -16.5), (0.01059, -3.7), (0.01250, 9.4).
本发明的静子叶片厚度也比一般的血液泵静子叶片更薄，这里的静子厚度是以叶型表面点到中弧线的垂直距离定义。一般结构中的静子叶片厚度为0.4mm～2.0mm，而本发明结构中前后排静子叶片厚度为：0.50mm～0.76mm。前排叶片和后排叶片的厚度分布均采用三次样条曲线拟合得到。横坐标是以前缘点为基准的子午轴向长度值，单位为m；纵坐标为采用叶型表面点到中弧线的垂直距离定义的叶片厚度，单位为m。前排叶片根部插值节点坐标为：(0.00000，0.00055)，(0.00087，0.00062)，(0.00231，0.00070)，(0.00407，0.00069)，(0.00549，0.00063)，(0.00649，0.00056)；前排叶片尖部插值节点坐标为：(0.00000，0.00060)，(0.00138，0.00070)，(0.00283，0.00076)，(0.00471，0.00072)，(0.00628，0.00060)。后排叶片根部插值节点坐标为：(0.00675，0.00048)，(0.00804，0.00054)，(0.01038，0.00058)，(0.01150，0.00056)，(0.01256，0.00050)；后排叶片尖部插值节点坐标为：(0.00674，0.00052)，(0.00854，0.00058)，(0.01008，0.00060)，(0.01079，0.00059)，(0.01250，0.00052)。The thickness of the stator vanes of the present invention is also thinner than that of common blood pump stator vanes, where the stator thickness is defined by the vertical distance from the vane surface point to the mid-arc. The thickness of the stator blades in the general structure is 0.4 mm to 2.0 mm, while the thickness of the front and rear stator blades in the structure of the present invention is 0.50 mm to 0.76 mm. The thickness distributions of the front row blades and the rear row blades were obtained by fitting cubic spline curves. The abscissa is the length of the meridional axis based on the leading edge point, in m; the ordinate is the blade thickness defined by the vertical distance from the surface point of the blade to the mid-arc, in m. The interpolation node coordinates of the front blade root are: (0.00000, 0.00055), (0.00087, 0.00062), (0.00231, 0.00070), (0.00407, 0.00069), (0.00549, 0.00063), (0.00649, 0.00056); The interpolation node coordinates are: (0.00000, 0.00060), (0.00138, 0.00070), (0.00283, 0.00076), (0.00471, 0.00072), (0.00628, 0.00060). The interpolation node coordinates of the rear blade root are: (0.00675, 0.00048), (0.00804, 0.00054), (0.01038, 0.00058), (0.01150, 0.00056), (0.01256, 0.00050); the coordinates of the rear blade tip interpolation node are: ( 0.00674, 0.00052), (0.00854, 0.00058), (0.01008, 0.00060), (0.01079, 0.00059), (0.01250, 0.00052).
3、静子叶片的前后排叶片在周向位置结构方面：后排叶片前缘在根部和尖部均位于前排两片叶片之间周向角度的35％位置，由于轮毂为回转面结构，反映在展开的二维叶栅结构图(图5a、b)上：沿垂直轴向的回转面弧向方向上，后排叶片中弧线前缘点至前排叶片中弧线延长线的弧向长度L1占前排叶片两相邻叶片中弧线的弧向距离L的比例为35％：即L1/L＝0.35(L1和L处在同一子午轴向位置上，计算L1时取压力面相邻后排叶片的前排叶片为基准)。3. In terms of the circumferential position and structure of the front and rear blades of the stator blades: the leading edge of the rear blades is located at 35% of the circumferential angle between the two front blades at the root and tip. Since the hub is a rotary surface structure, it reflects On the unfolded two-dimensional cascade structure diagram (Fig. 5a, b): in the arc direction of the rotary surface along the vertical axis, the arc direction from the leading edge point of the middle arc of the rear blades to the extension line of the middle arc of the front blades The length L1 accounts for 35% of the arc distance L of the arc of the two adjacent blades in the front row of blades: that is, L1 /L=0.35 (L1 and L are at the same meridional axial position, when calculating L1 Take the front row of blades adjacent to the rear row of blades on the pressure surface as the reference).
本发明为一种人工心脏血液泵的串列叶栅静子结构，其优点及功效在于：将一般结构设计的5片静子叶片分为前排5片叶片和后排5片叶片的串列叶栅结构分别设计，同时在本发明设计中的静子轮毂流道采用了光滑的三次样条流线型曲线，轮毂流道采用平缓的过渡形式，尤其是在静子叶片区，流道的扩张更为舒缓；本发明的结构设计不仅能够具有较高的供血压升能力，而且能够获得较好的流场分布，提高血液泵的抗溶血性能，满足其在将来短期或者长期植入心力衰竭患者体内的要求。The present invention is a tandem cascade stator structure of an artificial heart blood pump, and its advantages and effects are: the tandem cascade in which the 5 stator blades of general structural design are divided into 5 blades in the front row and 5 blades in the rear row The structures are designed separately, and at the same time, the flow channel of the stator hub in the design of the present invention adopts a smooth cubic spline streamline curve, and the flow channel of the hub adopts a gentle transition form, especially in the stator blade area, the expansion of the flow channel is more soothing; The structural design of the invention can not only have a higher blood pressure raising ability, but also can obtain a better flow field distribution, improve the anti-hemolysis performance of the blood pump, and meet the requirements of short-term or long-term implantation in heart failure patients in the future.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1a所示为现有技术中单排静子叶片的三维示意图Figure 1a shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a single row of stator blades in the prior art
图1b所示为本发明串列叶栅静子结构三维示意图Figure 1b is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tandem cascade stator structure of the present invention
图2a所示为现有技术和本发明的静子部分压升-流量特性曲线对比示意图Figure 2a is a comparative schematic diagram of the pressure rise-flow characteristic curve of the stator part of the prior art and the present invention
图2b所示为现有技术和本发明的静子部分总压恢复系数-流量特性曲线对比示意图Fig. 2b shows the comparative schematic diagram of the total pressure recovery coefficient-flow characteristic curve of the stator part of the prior art and the present invention
图3a1所示为现有技术静子叶片区的10％展向叶高的流场示意图Figure 3a1 is a schematic diagram of the flow field at 10% of the spanwise blade height in the stator blade area of the prior art
图3a2所示为现有技术静子叶片区的50％展向叶高的流场示意图Figure 3a2 is a schematic diagram of the flow field at 50% of the spanwise blade height in the stator blade area of the prior art
图3b1所示为本发明静子叶片区的10％展向叶高的流场示意图Fig. 3b1 shows the flow field schematic diagram of 10% spanwise blade height of the stator blade region of the present invention
图3b2所示为本发明静子叶片区的50％展向叶高的流场示意图Fig. 3b2 shows the flow field schematic diagram of 50% spanwise blade height of the stator blade region of the present invention
图4a所示为本发明静子部分的子午结构二维示意图Fig. 4 a shows the two-dimensional schematic diagram of the meridional structure of the stator part of the present invention
图4b所示为本发明静子部分的二维叶栅通道结构示意图Figure 4b shows a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional cascade channel structure of the stator part of the present invention
图5a所示为本发明静子部分的二维叶栅通道根部结构示意图Figure 5a shows a schematic diagram of the root structure of the two-dimensional cascade channel of the stator part of the present invention
图5b所示为本发明静子部分的二维叶栅通道尖部结构示意图Figure 5b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two-dimensional cascade channel tip of the stator part of the present invention
图中具体标号及符号如下：The specific labels and symbols in the figure are as follows:
1：静子叶片；2：前排叶片；3：后排叶片；4：前排叶片根部；5：后排叶片根部；1: stator blade; 2: front blade; 3: rear blade; 4: front blade root; 5: rear blade root;
6：前排叶片尖部；7：后排叶片尖部；8：静子轮毂流道；6: Front blade tip; 7: Rear blade tip; 8: Stator hub runner;
9：前排叶片前缘；10：前排叶片尾缘；11：后排叶片前缘；12：后排叶片尾缘；9: Front blade leading edge; 10: Front blade trailing edge; 11: Rear blade leading edge; 12: Rear blade trailing edge;
13：三次样条流线型静子轮毂轴向范围；13: Cubic spline streamlined stator hub axial range;
βy：安装角(弦线与轴向夹角，相对轴向为顺时针方向为正)；βy : installation angle (the angle between the chord line and the axial direction, the clockwise direction relative to the axial direction is positive);
β1：前缘叶片角(中弧线在前缘点切线与轴向夹角，相对轴向为顺时针方向为正)；β1 : Leading edge blade angle (the angle between the tangent line of the middle arc at the leading edge point and the axial direction, and the clockwise direction relative to the axial direction is positive);
β2：尾缘叶片角(中弧线在尾缘点切线与轴向夹角，相对轴向为顺时针方向为正)；β2 : Trailing edge blade angle (the angle between the tangent line of the middle arc at the trailing edge point and the axial direction, the clockwise direction relative to the axial direction is positive);
βhub：叶片根部叶片角(叶片根部中弧线在该点切线与轴向夹角，相对轴向为顺时针方向为正)：βhub : blade angle at the blade root (the angle between the tangent line and the axial direction of the arc in the blade root at this point, and the clockwise direction relative to the axial direction is positive):
βtip：叶片尖部叶片角(叶片尖部中弧线在该点切线与轴向夹角，相对轴向为顺时针方向为正)；βtip : the blade angle of the blade tip (the angle between the tangent line and the axial direction of the arc at the blade tip at this point, and the clockwise direction relative to the axial direction is positive);
L1：沿垂直轴向的回转面弧向方向上，后排叶片中弧线前缘点至前排叶片中弧线延长线的弧向长度；L：沿垂直轴向的回转面弧向方向上，前排叶片两相邻叶片中弧线的弧向距离(注：L1和L处于同一轴向位置，计算L1时取压力面相邻后排叶片的前排叶片为基准)。L1 : along the arc direction of the rotary surface along the vertical axis, the arc length from the leading edge point of the middle arc of the rear row of blades to the extension line of the middle arc of the front row of blades; L: the arc direction of the rotary surface along the vertical axis Above, the arc distance between the two adjacent blades of the front row of blades (Note: L1 and L are in the same axial position, when calculating L1 , take the front row of blades adjacent to the rear row of blades on the pressure surface as the reference).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
一种人工心脏血液泵的串列叶栅静子结构，其特征在于：该串列叶栅静子结构包括静子轮毂流道及其静子叶片A tandem cascade stator structure of an artificial heart blood pump, characterized in that: the tandem cascade stator structure includes stator hub flow channels and stator blades
1、静子轮毂流道，采用了流线型的三次样条曲线流道，如图4a标号8所示。这种流线型流道防止了压力的突扩，有利于在静子叶片区抑制流动的分离，三次样条流线型静子轮毂轴向范围如图4a标号13所示，该三次样条曲线插值点子午坐标如下，横坐标为插值节点轴向坐标，纵坐标为插值节点在垂直轴向的展向方向坐标，单位均为m：1. The flow path of the stator hub adopts a streamlined cubic spline curve flow path, as shown by the number 8 in Figure 4a. This streamlined flow path prevents the sudden expansion of pressure, which is beneficial to suppress the separation of flow in the stator blade area. The axial range of the cubic spline streamlined stator hub is shown in Figure 4a, and the meridional coordinates of the interpolation point of the cubic spline curve are as follows , the abscissa is the axial coordinate of the interpolation node, and the ordinate is the span direction coordinate of the interpolation node on the vertical axis, and the unit is m:
(0.01250，0.00525)，(0.01358，0.00525)，(0.01500，0.00522)，(0.01787，0.00512)，(0.01969，0.00504)，(0.02176，0.00488)，(0.02387，0.00463)，(0.02679，0.00399)，(0.02887，0.00324)，(0.03073，0.00246)，(0.03207，0.00202)，(0.03230，0.00200)：(0.01250, 0.00555), (0.01358, 0.00525), (0.01500, 0.00522), (0.01787, 0.00512), (0.01969, 0.00504), (0.02176, 0.004888), (0.02679,29999), (0.02679,299), , 0.00324), (0.03073, 0.00246), (0.03207, 0.00202), (0.03230, 0.00200):
2、静子叶片部分由五片前排叶片2和五片后排叶片3组成，后排叶片前缘11与前排叶片尾缘10之间留有一定间隙，在子午和叶栅结构视图(图4a、b)上，指明了各叶片参数含义，前排叶片前缘9和前排叶片尾缘10在前排叶片根部4的半径分别为5.25mm和5.07mm，前排叶片前缘9和前排叶片尾缘10在前排叶片尖部6的半径均为6.35mm；后排叶片前缘11和后排叶片尾缘12在后排叶片根部5的半径分别为5.06mm和4.43mm，后排叶片前缘11和后排叶片尾缘12在后排叶片尖部7的半径均为6.35mm。前排叶片前缘9和前排叶片尾缘10在前排叶片根部4的前缘叶片角β11和尾缘叶片角β21分别为-70.20°和-18.70°，前排叶片前缘9和前排叶片尾缘10在前排叶片尖部6的前缘叶片角β12和尾缘叶片角β22分别为-60.3°和-31.2°；后排叶片前缘11和后排叶片尾缘12在后排叶片根部5的前缘叶片角β13和尾缘叶片角β23分别为-39.1°和11.5°，后排叶片前缘11和后排叶片尾缘12在后排叶片尖部7的前缘叶片角β14和尾缘叶片角β24分别为-30.3°和8.9°。前排叶片安装角βy1在前排叶片根部4为-47.7°，在前排叶片尖部6为-48.8°；后排叶片安装角βy2在后排叶片根部5为-13.7°，在后排叶片尖部7为-10.6°。前排叶片根部4的轴向长度为6.48mm，前排叶片尖部6的轴向长度为6.28mm；后排叶片根部5的轴向长度为5.74mm，后排叶片尖部7的轴向长度为5.74mm。前、后排叶片参数值可参见表1。角度方向的定义以该角度方向相对血液泵轴向(从静子进口方向指向出口方向)为顺时针旋转方向为正。2. The stator blade part is composed of five
表1.串列叶栅静子前后排叶片几何参数Table 1. Geometric parameters of the front and rear row blades of the tandem cascade stator
前排叶片根部叶片角βhub分布分别采用两段三次样条曲线拟合得到，横坐标是以前排叶片前缘点为基准的子午轴向长度值，单位为m；纵坐标为根部叶片角βhub值，单位为°。在前排叶片根部：第一段三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00000，-70.7)，(0.00046，-67.2)，(0.00092，-64.0)，(0.00137，-59.1)；第二段三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00137，-59.1)，(0.00309，-42.2)，(0.00480，-29.3)，(0.00648，-18.7)。前排叶片尖部叶片角βtip分布分别采用两段三次样条曲线拟合得到，横坐标是以前排叶片前缘点为基准的子午轴向长度值，单位为m；纵坐标为尖部叶片角βtip值，单位为°。在前排叶片尖部：第一段三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00000，-60.5)，(0.00044，-59.1)，(0.00089，-57.7)，(0.00133，-56.5)；第二段三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00133，-56.5)，(0.00298，-48.7)，(0.00463，-40.7)，(0.00628，-31.3)。The hub distribution of blade angle β at the root of the front row of blades is obtained by fitting two sections of cubic spline curves respectively. The abscissa is the length value of the meridian axis based on the leading edge point of the front row of blades, and the unit is m; the ordinate is the root blade angle βThe hub value, in °. At the root of the front blade: the interpolation node coordinates of the first cubic spline curve are: (0.00000, -70.7), (0.00046, -67.2), (0.00092, -64.0), (0.00137, -59.1); the second section The interpolation node coordinates for the cubic spline are: (0.00137, -59.1), (0.00309, -42.2), (0.00480, -29.3), (0.00648, -18.7). The blade angle βtip distribution at the tip of the front row of blades is obtained by fitting two sections of cubic spline curves respectively. The abscissa is the length value of the meridian axis based on the leading edge point of the front row of blades, and the unit is m; the ordinate is the tip blade Angle βtip value, unit is °. At the tip of the front blade: the interpolation node coordinates of the first cubic spline curve are: (0.00000, -60.5), (0.00044, -59.1), (0.00089, -57.7), (0.00133, -56.5); the second The interpolation node coordinates of the segment cubic spline curve are: (0.00133, -56.5), (0.00298, -48.7), (0.00463, -40.7), (0.00628, -31.3).
后排叶片根部叶片角βhub和失部叶片角βtip分布采用三次样条曲线拟合得到，横坐标是以前排叶片前缘点为基准的子午轴向长度值，单位为m；纵坐标分别为根部叶片角βhub和尖部叶片角βtip，单位为°。在后排叶片根部：三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00676，-39.1)，(0.00876，-20.0)，(0.01070，-3.7)，(0.01254，12.1)。在后排叶片尖部：三次样条曲线的插值节点坐标为：(0.00676，-30.3)，(0.00867，-16.5)，(0.01059，-3.7)，(0.01250，9.4)。The distribution of the blade angle βhub at the root of the rear row blade and the blade angle βtip at the missing part are obtained by fitting the cubic spline curve. is the root blade angle βhub and the tip blade angle βtip , the unit is °. At the root of the rear row of blades: the interpolation node coordinates of the cubic spline curve are: (0.00676, -39.1), (0.00876, -20.0), (0.01070, -3.7), (0.01254, 12.1). At the tip of the rear row of blades: the interpolation node coordinates of the cubic spline curve are: (0.00676, -30.3), (0.00867, -16.5), (0.01059, -3.7), (0.01250, 9.4).
前排叶片和后排叶片的厚度分布均采用三次样条曲线拟合得到。横坐标是以前缘点为基准的子午轴向长度值，单位为m；纵坐标为采用叶型表面点到中弧线的垂直距离定义的叶片厚度，单位为m。前排叶片根部插值节点坐标为：(0.00000，0.00055)，(0.00087，0.00062)，(0.00231，0.00070)，(0.00407，0.00069)，(0.00549，0.00063)，(0.00649，0.00056)：前排叶片尖部插值节点坐标为：(0.00000，0.00060)，(0.00138，0.00070)，(0.00283，0.00076)，(0.00471，0.00072)，(0.00628，0.00060)。后排叶片根部插值节点坐标为：(0.00675，0.00048)，(0.00804，0.00054)，(0.01038，0.00058)，(0.01150，0.00056)，(0.01256，0.00050)；后排叶片尖部插值节点坐标为：(0.00674，0.00052)，(0.00854，0.00058)，(0.01008，0.00060)，(0.01079，0.00059)，(0.01250，0.00052)。The thickness distributions of the front row blades and the rear row blades were obtained by fitting cubic spline curves. The abscissa is the length of the meridional axis based on the leading edge point, in m; the ordinate is the blade thickness defined by the vertical distance from the surface point of the blade to the mid-arc, in m. The interpolation node coordinates of the front blade root are: (0.00000, 0.00055), (0.00087, 0.00062), (0.00231, 0.00070), (0.00407, 0.00069), (0.00549, 0.00063), (0.00649, 0.00056): front blade tip The interpolation node coordinates are: (0.00000, 0.00060), (0.00138, 0.00070), (0.00283, 0.00076), (0.00471, 0.00072), (0.00628, 0.00060). The interpolation node coordinates of the rear blade root are: (0.00675, 0.00048), (0.00804, 0.00054), (0.01038, 0.00058), (0.01150, 0.00056), (0.01256, 0.00050); the coordinates of the rear blade tip interpolation node are: ( 0.00674, 0.00052), (0.00854, 0.00058), (0.01008, 0.00060), (0.01079, 0.00059), (0.01250, 0.00052).
3、静子叶片的前后排叶片在周向位置结构方面：后排叶片前缘在根部和尖部均位于前排两片叶片之间周向角度的35％位置，由于轮毂为回转面结构，反映在展开的二维叶栅结构图(图5a、b)上：沿垂直轴向的回转面弧向方向上，后排叶片中弧线前缘点至前排叶片中弧线延长线的弧向长度L1占前排叶片两相邻叶片中弧线的弧向距离L的比例为35％：即L1/L＝0.35(L1和L处在同一子午轴向位置上，计算L1时取压力面相邻后排叶片的前排叶片为基准)。3. In terms of the circumferential position and structure of the front and rear blades of the stator blades: the leading edge of the rear blades is located at 35% of the circumferential angle between the two front blades at the root and tip. Since the hub is a rotary surface structure, it reflects On the unfolded two-dimensional cascade structure diagram (Fig. 5a, b): in the arc direction of the rotary surface along the vertical axis, the arc direction from the leading edge point of the middle arc of the rear blades to the extension line of the middle arc of the front blades The length L1 accounts for 35% of the arc distance L of the arc of the two adjacent blades in the front row of blades: that is, L1 /L=0.35 (L1 and L are at the same meridional axial position, when calculating L1 Take the front row of blades adjacent to the rear row of blades on the pressure surface as the reference).
采用叶轮机械常用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟软件NUMECA(NUMECA公司，比利时)计算后证实，静子部分的压力提升能力随着转子转速的增加而提高，这是由于静子将血液在转子部分获得的能量转化为压力势能。在图2a、b的特性线对比中，在现有技术中，当转子转速处于12000rpm的情况下，其一般结构静子的压升性能却低于本发明中转子转速为11000rpm、10000rpm和9000rpm的串列叶栅静子的压升性能，尤其是在体积流量较小时，串列叶栅静子结构的升压优势更为明显。并且在大部分的流量区域范围内，串列叶栅静子的总压恢复系数都高于一般结构静子的总压恢复系数；图3a1、a2可见，在一般结构静子的10％展向叶高位置和50％展向叶高位置会发生倒流和涡流的问题，而在使用该串列叶栅静子发明结构后这些问题都得到了有效的控制，如图3b1、b2所示。Calculations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation software NUMECA (NUMECA Company, Belgium), which is commonly used in turbomachinery, confirm that the pressure lift capacity of the stator part increases with the increase of the rotor speed, because the stator gets the blood in the rotor part energy into pressure potential energy. In the comparison of the characteristic lines in Figure 2a and b, in the prior art, when the rotor speed is 12000rpm, the pressure rise performance of the stator with its general structure is lower than that of the strings with rotor speeds of 11000rpm, 10000rpm and 9000rpm in the present invention. The pressure boost performance of cascade stators, especially when the volume flow rate is small, the pressure boost advantage of the cascade stator structure is more obvious. And in most of the flow range, the total pressure recovery coefficient of the tandem cascade stator is higher than that of the general structure stator; Fig. 3a1 and a2 can be seen that at the 10% spanwise blade height position of the general structure stator and 50% of the blade height in the span direction will cause backflow and vortex problems, and these problems have been effectively controlled after using the invented structure of the tandem cascade stator, as shown in Figure 3b1 and b2.
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