CN101817702A - Special bio-organic fertilizer for peaches and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a special bio-organic fertilizer for peaches and a preparation method thereof. The bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-85 parts of a fertilizer organic matter; 0-30 parts of an organic compound; 0-50 parts of an inorganic compound; 0-10 parts of sulfuric acid; 0-2 parts of souring and ripening powder; 0-2 parts of a deodorant; and 5-35 parts of biological bacteria liquid. The bio-organic fertilizer of the invention can improve fruit setting percentage, average weight of single fruit, yield and quality factors of peach trees, and lower the content of titratable acid, thus greatly improving the economic benefit of peach farmers.

Description

Special bio-organic fertilizer for peaches and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of biological organic fertilizer that is suitable for the peach special use and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

China is large agricultural country, and is also increasing to the demand of agriculture input along with the fast development of agricultural, and the resource-constrained of preparation fertilizer is necessary to open up new fertilizer source.Yet on the other hand, the tankage of the various agricultural-food of China, feces of livestock and poultry etc. are not but effectively utilized, and have not only caused the waste of resource, have also caused the pollution of environment simultaneously.

The cultivated area of China peach ranks first in the world, and output accounts for about 1/3rd of the world.Except that the Heilongjiang Province, other each provinces all have peach cultivation, main economic cultivation area in North China, the each province, East China, comparatively there are Haidian District Beijing, Pinggu District in the area of Ji Zhonging, Ji County, Tianjin, Feicheng, Shandong, Yidu, Qingdao, Shangshui, Henan, Kaifeng, Funing, Hebei, Zunhua, Shen Xian, Linzhang, Baoji, Xi'an, Chengdu, Sichuan, the Dalian, Fenghua, Zhejiang, Nanhui, Shanghai, ground such as jiangsu wuxi, Xuzhou.The fertilising situation of peach farming also is in the middle of traditional fertilization mode mostly, the farm manure that does not become thoroughly decomposed is in a large number still being used in most of area, the whole nation, this type of farm manure not only contains a large amount of pathogenic bacterium, parasitic ovum, and fertility is poor, the peasant is in order to increase the fertility consumption of having to again increase, therefore will improve the incidence of crop pest and all kinds of soil-borne diseases greatly, thereby have a strong impact on the agricultural product quality and the people's health.The dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer of peach is arising in such cases.

At present, known peach bio-organic fertilizer special is considerably less, all be common fruit-specific fertilizer and the farm manure of using on the market mostly, and these common fruit-specific fertilizers and farm manure are not developed specially according to the nutrition absorption characteristics of peach tree body, thereby peach farming use back effect is not very desirable; The research of respectively producing the special bio-organic fertilizer for peaches that the geographic specific edaphic condition of peach, weather condition produces at the whole nation just still less.Simultaneously, mostly biological organic fertilizer on the market is powdery now, be unfavorable for that crop absorbs, producing granular biological organic fertilizer is to use disk mixing granulation method to make again mostly, the fertiliser granulates inequality, moisture is higher, and outward appearance is not beautiful, owing in the manufacturing process drying process is arranged, has any problem to keeping its biological nature.

Summary of the invention

Do not have the special bio-organic fertilizer for peaches that is fit to local characteristics in order to overcome peach producing region peasant household, the invention provides a kind of can be at the special bio-organic fertilizer for peaches of different areas.This fertilizer is by a large amount of human and material resources, obtain and analyze the soil nutrient situation in each peach producing region, the whole nation and influence the result of the correlation factor of peach quality and yield, simultaneously, a kind of peach tailored version biological organic fertilizer of researching and developing according to the result of a large amount of peach location tests research.This fertilizer can improve utilization rate of fertilizer; And effectively the ability that body self absorbs nutrient is set in raising; Reduce the use of fertilizer, protected environment simultaneously.Because technology is that extruder grain forms, not only use conveniently, can also keep biological nature preferably.

Therefore, one object of the present invention is for providing a kind of biological organic fertilizer, and this fertilizer comprises following composition:

15～85 weight part fertilizer type organism;

0～30 weight part organic compound;

0～50 weight part mineral compound;

0～10 weight part sulfuric acid;

0～2 weight part powder that accelerates the ripening that turns sour;

0～2 weight part reodorant;

5～35 weight part biological bacteria liquid.

Above-mentioned fertilizer type organism comprises trade waste (ashes, broken brick and tile, waste paper, metal, rag etc.), agricultural wastes (stalk, grouts, bran chaff, leaf, bone meal, fish meal, feces of livestock and poultry etc.), the peat composed of rotten mosses and humic acid etc., can be single, also can be at least two kinds mixture in them.Organic compound comprises amino acid, sugar, VITAMIN etc., can be single, also can be at least two kinds mixture in them.Mineral compound can be inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium, sulfur fertilizer, copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, molydbenum fertilizer, iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer etc., can be single, also can be at least two kinds mixture in them.Accelerate the ripening powder and the reodorant of turning sour is the commercially available prod, contains scientific and technical development corporation, Ltd. and Hangzhou as Dalian spring and digests energetically and learn company limited and just produce product required for the present invention.Biological bacteria liquid can be vinelandii (azotobacter, combination azotobacter etc.), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (subtilis, bacillus megaterium etc.), potassium solubilizing bacteria (silicate bacteria etc.) etc., can be single, also can be at least two kinds mixture in them.

Product nitrogen of the present invention, phosphorus, potassium summation 〉=8%, organic content 〉=30% contains useful viable bacteria 〉=2.0 hundred million/milliliter, and contains multiple middle amount, trace element and organic compound.

Another object of the present invention is for providing a kind of method for preparing described biological organic fertilizer, and this method specifically comprises the steps:

1) utilizes known method, culture medium culturing bacterial strain, behind bacterial screening, spawn culture, obtain biological bacteria liquid;

2) with fertilizer type organic matter fermentation, oven dry, pulverizing then;

3) with mineral compound, sulfuric acid, the mixing such as powder, reodorant of accelerating the ripening of turning sour;

4) organic compound is added, and with above-mentioned 1), 2), 3) product mix stirring, multi roll tablets press extruder grain, metering packing gets finished product.

Peach extruding biological organic fertilizer using method of the present invention is as follows:

At crop: peach

Consumption: 50～200 kilograms/mu, take the circumstances into consideration to use according to tree body size.

Using method: this product can be made base manure and all can use in peach fallen leaves back with before blooming, but ditch spread, row replacement, spreads manuer in holes etc.

Beneficial effect

Adopt the biological organic fertilizer of method for preparing, have following characteristics:

1. contain a large amount of profitable strains, content surpasses 2.0 hundred million/milliliter.Can breed in a large number at the peach root region soil rapidly after using, form the dominant microflora that helps the peach growth, producing several physiological active substances stimulates the growth of adjusting peach.Flora can assimilate the root region soil environment, and nurses one's health and repair impaired soil, reduces soil compaction, improves the soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, reaches the balance of soil.

2. for the peach root system development provides sufficient space, increase peach root system contacts with nutrient, strengthens crop to the nutrient absorbing ability, improves fertilizer utilization ratio, reaches the effect of volume increase; Can degrade effectively and oxidation soil in remains of pesticide and toxic compounds such as amine, soil is played certain detoxification, thereby reduces even avoid the accumulation of above-mentioned poisonous substance in peach.

3. bacterial classification can secrete the required material of various plants growth in the self-reproduction metabolic process, as nutritive substance and bacteriostatic activity materials such as amino acid, VITAMIN, can suppress pathogenic bacteria invasion, grow surely, reduce soil-borne disease; Thereby resistance such as resistance of raising peach and resistance against diseases, thereby improve and assurance peach maximum economic benefit really.

The advantage that the dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer of peach of the present invention is compared with the other biological fertilizer is as follows:

1. constant product quality: the related dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer of peach of the present invention uses mixed culture, each bacterial classification is with mutual meta-bolites growth, be in commensalism to each other, the bacterial classification content height in the finished product not only, and make the every physical and chemical index in the finished product very stable, can make in the environmental change of product after use in the field to be in steady state, constantly the peach root region soil be produced the assimilation influence.Successive high temperature is killed various pathogenic bacterium and worm's ovum during the fermentation in a large number when fermenting during in addition, owing to mixed culture.Not only fertilizer efficiency is stable for the biological organic fertilizer of Sheng Chaning by this way, and bacterial activity is unaffected after using, and can reduce the consumption of agricultural chemicals again, and the fertility time length is also long, and the soil tool is improved significantly.

2. production technique advanced person: the dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer of peach of the present invention adopts multi roll tablets press extruder grain to form in process of production, and the product of producing is uniform particles not only, and outward appearance is beautiful, helps the peasant and uses, and can promote the peach root system to absorb simultaneously.And the dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer of peach of the present invention is to adopt the mode of mixed fermentation to produce, the one time fermentation success, and the high temperature harmless treatment time is long and thoroughly, the production cycle shortens relatively, can become thoroughly decomposed fully in 35 days.

3. production cost is low: the dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer of peach of the present invention in process of production; the consumption that utilizes many (4) roll-type tablets press extruder grain to save electric energy more than conventional disk mixing granulation method; and this equipment does not use coal; not only saved the energy, also reduced pollution environment.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, can solve the problem that each peach producing region peach of China does not have the tailored version biological organic fertilizer, this fertilizer is with strong points, helping peasant household uses, simultaneously can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, improve the tree body, reduce the amount of application of chemical fertilizer the nutrient absorbing ability, the while production technique is save energy more, has suitable economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the preparation and the production process synoptic diagram of microorganism species in the biological organic fertilizer of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer production process of a peach of the present invention synoptic diagram.

Embodiment

Now by embodiment the present invention is specifically described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In Fig. 1, the inclined-plane bacterium is that certain beneficial microorganism test tube (as yeast, milk-acid bacteria) is housed.The taking-up bacterial classification is put into triangular flask and is activated.Bacterium liquid after the activation is packed in the seed culture device, add substratum, carry out the constant temperature shaking table and cultivate, realize biological amplification.Biology through amplification enters biological fermentation tank.Biological fermentation culture medium is also sent into reactor simultaneously, to the signal ignition trigger of fermentor tank by console computer, and by reacting to the anti-reaction information that gives of supervisory control desk computer, as supervisory control desk step control information down.When the fermentation reaction end, Controlling System starts filtration unit, and product is filtered.Close other devices simultaneously.Product after filtering is carried out sampling Detection, make biological fluid, in biological fluid, add carbon source, nitrogenous source and other various nutritive element Secondary Fermentation absorption again, make solid spawn.

In flow process shown in Figure 2, the solid spawn of making among Fig. 1 is inoculated into carries out one time fermentation in the bio-fertilizer raw material again.During the fermentation, add various trace elements and additive, simultaneously, constantly stir.Product after the fermentation can directly carry out granulation and make particle fertilizer, screens then, and is last, enters packing shop after touching the mark, and product is encapsulated.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Preparing product according to the following steps:

1. the dilatation of microbial strains, cultivation:

Subtilis, silicate bacteria (the two ratio is 1: 1) are adopted the common bacteria substratum, slant culture, and in the 1000ml water, each components contents is as follows:

Yeast extract paste 5g

Peptone 5g

Tween-80 1.5ml

Sugar 60g

NaCl 0.65g

K₂HPO₄ 0.6g

MgCl₂ 0.3g

CaCO₃ 0.5g

Agar 16g

PH value 7.4

The also available number of patent application of said substratum is the substratum described in 89107342.

Incubation time and temperature: cultivated 35 hours for 35 ℃.

The liquid dilatation: will change liquid nutrient medium through each bacterial classification of slant culture over to and cultivate, prescription is removed outside the agar, and other compositions, culture temperature and time and slant culture are just the same.

Training method: all bacterial classifications are all cultivated with 200 rev/mins rotating speed with shaking table during the liquid dilatation.

Subtilis used in the present invention and silicate bacteria provide for Soil Fertilizer Working Station, Beijing.

2. the anti-antagonism of microbial strains is cultivated:

Nutrient solution after the shaking table cultivation is mixed, in 38～40 ℃ environment, placed 50 hours, to strengthen the ability of the anti-antagonism of bacterial classification;

Nutrient solution after shaking table is cultivated is generally with following volume parts mixed:

1～2 part of subtilis

1～3 part of silicate bacteria

3. carrier adsorbs, is dried to the organic material composting agent:

With the peat composed of rotten mosses is carrier, the weight ratio of the nutrient solution in the step 2 with 1: 1 mixed, and forced air drying in 28 ℃ of environment, be 50 hours time of drying;

4. the pre-treatment of organic waste:

50 kilograms of chicken manures, 30 kilograms of dregs of beans are mixed with 30 kilograms of bone meal and fish meal, and adjusting moisture to the weight content of water is 65%;

5. inoculation mixed fermentation:

With the carrier behind the absorption bacterial classification in the step 3, inoculate by 0.5 ‰ of pending organic waste gross weight, stir, be piled into wide 3 meters, high 1.5 meters strip buttress heap;

6. continuous high temperature fermentation harmless treatment:

After buttress heap is finished, the buttress heap will constantly heat up, the temperature of regulating the buttress heap about 60 ℃, turning in per 48 hours once, purpose is to allow aerobic fermentation and anaerobically fermenting intersect take place to carry out simultaneously;

It is to vibrate back and forth in the cycle that turning repeatedly, fermentation made in the scope of temperature about 60 ℃ of buttress heap with 48 hours, turning 15 times, material is by original rancid, quality thickness, there are a large amount of flies to bite, become and begin to distribute earth fishy smell, simultaneously peculiar smell completely without, the macrobead organic impurities in original material also thoroughly decomposes sponginess.Behind cooling drying, promptly obtain biological organic fertilizer of the present invention;

For keeping microorganism active wherein and harmless processing carried out thoroughly, so be the cycle to carry out turning with 50 hours more preferably, turning 5 times, making material water ratio drop to weight is that temperature drops to normal temperature below 30%.And the pulverizing of the mixture after will fermenting, stand-by.

7. amino acid, microbiobacterial agent, urea, rare earth, magnesium sulfate monohydrate, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, green vitriol and borax are mixed according to following index and stir, many (4) roll-type tablets press extruder grain, metering packing gets finished product.

Adopt the biological organic fertilizer of method for preparing, adopt the method for NY 884-2004 standard code to detect, its every main physical and chemical index is:

Total nutrient (N+P₂O₅++ K₂O) 〉=8%

Organic 〉=30%

Target microorganism content 〉=2.0 hundred million/milliliter

Moisture≤30%

pH 7

Assorted bacterium rate≤15%

Coliform count≤100/gram

Induced worm egg death rate 〉=95%

Validity period 〉=6 month.

The dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer field test report of peach

The applicant carries out field test at the big Huashan, town, the big Huashan, Pinggu District, Beijing village tissue, and its test-results is reported as follows:

1. trial crops: peach

2. test peasant household: big Huashan village celebrates one's birthday (Kubo) pass, Da Yuzi village Gao Jiansheng (gorgeous rich)

3. test area: each 2 mu

4. fertilising quantity: handle: each the 200 kilograms of dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer of peach/mu ground

Contrast: each 1000 kilograms of farmers' fertilizer/mu ground that becomes thoroughly decomposed

5. fertilizing method: October 15 the previous year bulk application

6. test-results:

1. to the influence of fruit yield

As shown in table 1, two test point mean fruit weights, bear fruit number and output are the contrast that is higher than of processing.

The bear fruit influence of number, single fruit weight and output of table 1 pair fruit

2. to the influence of fruit quality

As can be seen as shown in table 2, two test point fruit color ratios, hardness, soluble solids and solid acid are the result who is higher than contrast of processing than the result, and titratable acid content is lower than the result of contrast.

The integrated management of table 2 liquid manure is to the influence of fruit quality

This test card understands that compare farmers''s fertile results of comparison of becoming thoroughly decomposed sees, utilize the processing of the dedicated extruded biological organic fertilizer of peach of the present invention can carry peach fruit-setting rate, mean fruit weight, yield and quality factor (painted, hardness, total sugar content, soluble solid and solid acid than), reduce the content of titratable acid simultaneously, thereby improve peasant's income greatly.

Claims (6)

1. biological organic fertilizer, it comprises following composition:

15～85 weight part fertilizer type organism;

0～30 weight part organic compound;

0～50 weight part mineral compound;

0～10 weight part sulfuric acid;

0～2 weight part powder that accelerates the ripening that turns sour;

0～2 weight part reodorant;

5～35 weight part biological bacteria liquid;

Wherein, described fertilizer type organism is a kind of in trade waste, agricultural wastes, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the humic acid or at least two kinds mixture in them; Described organic compound is a kind of in amino acid, sugar, the VITAMIN or at least two kinds mixture in them; Described mineral compound is a kind of in inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium, sulfur fertilizer, copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, molydbenum fertilizer, iron fertilizer, the boron fertilizer or at least two kinds mixture in them; And described biological bacteria liquid is a kind of in vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, the potassium solubilizing bacteria or at least two kinds mixture in them.

2. biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein, described trade waste comprises ashes, broken brick and tile, waste paper, metal, rag; Described agricultural wastes comprise stalk, grouts, bran chaff, leaf, bone meal, fish meal, animal dung.

3. biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein, described vinelandii comprise azotobacter, combination azotobacter; Described phosphate solubilizing bacteria comprises subtilis, bacillus megaterium; Described potassium solubilizing bacteria comprises silicate bacteria.

4. biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium summation 〉=8% in the described biological organic fertilizer, organic content 〉=30% contains useful viable bacteria 〉=2.0 hundred million/milliliter.

5. method for preparing biological organic fertilizer, this method comprises the steps:

1) utilizes known method, culture medium culturing bacterial strain, behind bacterial screening, spawn culture, obtain biological bacteria liquid;

2) with fertilizer type organic matter fermentation, oven dry, pulverizing then;

3) with mineral compound, sulfuric acid, the mixing such as powder, reodorant of accelerating the ripening of turning sour;

4) organic compound is added, and with above-mentioned 1), 2), 3) product mix stirring, multi roll tablets press extruder grain, metering packing gets finished product.

6. biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is applied to the purposes of peach.

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