CN101816281B - Method for improving seed production efficiency of hybrid rice by improving sterile line through kernel miniaturization - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a seed production method of hybrid rice, in particular to a method for improving seed production efficiency of hybrid rice by improving a sterile line through grain miniaturization. Aiming at the problems of low planting efficiency, high cost and the like caused by large grains in the prior art, the method for improving the seed production efficiency of the hybrid rice by improving the sterile line through grain miniaturization only leads the grains of the sterile line to be reduced without changing the grain size of the rice produced by the hybrid rice by transducing small-grain mutant genes sg into the sterile line through sexual hybridization, thereby reducing the seed production area, improving the land utilization efficiency, reducing the seed purchasing cost of rice farmers and increasing the rice farmers' income. The main technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the hybrid rice containing the small grain gene sg mutant is used as a donor parent, hybridized with a three-line sterile maintainer line hybrid rice, a two-line sterile line hybrid rice or other types of sterile line hybrid rice acceptor parents, and 5-7 generations of selection are carried out to stably obtain a maintainer line or a sterile line carrying the mutant gene sg.

Description

Improve the method for seed production efficiency of hybrid rice through kernel miniaturization improvement of male sterile line

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of producing method for seed of hybrid rice, relate in particular to a kind of method that improves seed production efficiency of hybrid rice through kernel miniaturization improvement of male sterile line.

Background technology

Plant hybrid vigour has generality, and can this advantage be used effectively, and depends on to a great extent producing crossbreed is whether the cost of the production of hybrid seeds is cheap, and can the user have purchasing power.Hybrid rice had more than 30 year at China's success utilization and extention; For trying to achieve higher hybrid rice yield potentiality; The grain that improves the paddy seed heavily is at present by one of means of more employing, but this has also caused the increase of rice farming sowing quantity (weight) simultaneously and has dropped into more costs that are used to purchase kind more.

A kind of through the mutagenic obtained little particle mutant (ZH-sg) of r-ray, it receives single recessive gene (sg) control, and sg gene pairs plant height, tillering ability, small ear fertility, seed shape etc. do not produce any related influence.Because the granule characteristic is controlled by single recessive gene; Being modified to the F1 crossbreed of producing behind the male sterile line with this mutant material is granule; Because it is that the genotype of male sterile line is controlled that crossbreed receives parent; Being sold to the paddy (F2 seed) that rice farming plantation F1 hybrid rice produces is normal grain type, thereby does not influence the output and the income of rice farming plantation hybrid rice.

This catastrophe characteristics can be through sexual hybridization, and sg imports in any material different with the granule gene.If is that male sterile line, two is in male sterile line or the other forms of male sterile line with the granule characteristic through the hybridization and the importing three of backcrossing, can improve the seed production efficiency of hybrid rice.This granule is used for yield potentiality in conventional rice breeding improvement is unsuitable, but the improvement that is used for the hybrid rice male sterile line is fully feasible.

Summary of the invention

It is big to the present invention is directed in the prior art seed, causes planting problems such as efficient is low, cost is big, and a kind of method that improves seed production efficiency of hybrid rice through kernel miniaturization improvement of male sterile line is provided; The method is through sexual hybridization; Sg transduces into male sterile line with the granule mutator gene, and the seed of male sterile line self is diminished, and does not change the seed size of the paddy that hybrid rice produces; Thereby reduce production of hybrid seeds area and improve land utilization efficiency, reduce the rice farming and purchase the income that the cost of planting increases the rice farming.

The utilization of crop hybrid superiority must be can the cheap F1 of acquisition crossbreed being prerequisite, and the plantation hybrid rice can obtain output and income after the user bought crossbreed.The so-called parent that crossbreed is 2 inheritance stabilities, genotype is different, the seed that sexual hybridization produced (crossbreed F1).

Crossbreed is bought in rice farming, and measurement unit be a kilogram (kg), and comes down to satisfy the granule number of the crossbreed that certain area plants.Be 1000 seeds equally, the varying in weight of every seed, final total weight is different.If the seed of crossbreed is a granule, and the hybridization paddy of producing is big grain (or normal grain type), just can raise the efficiency to some degree and benefit.

The present invention imagination is through sexual hybridization, and sg transduces into male sterile line with the granule mutator gene, and the seed of male sterile line self is diminished, and does not change the seed size of the paddy that hybrid rice produces.So, maybe can reduce production of hybrid seeds area and improve land utilization efficiency, maybe can reduce the rice farming and purchase the income that the cost of planting increases the rice farming.

The objective of the invention is to be able to implement through following technical scheme:

The present invention is for improving the method for seed production efficiency of hybrid rice through kernel miniaturization improvement of male sterile line, its step comprises:

A) be donor parents to contain granule gene sg mutant hybrid rice; With three be that sterile maintenance line hybrid rice, two is the hybridization of male sterile line hybrid rice or other types male sterile line hybrid rice receptor parent; Obtain hybrid F1; Plantation hybrid F1 obtains F2 from generation to generation, and it is that sterile maintenance line hybrid rice, two is when being male sterile line hybrid rice or other types male sterile line hybrid rice level that the thousand grain weigth that contemporary F2 bears on the plant from generation to generation shows as three; Separating from generation to generation at F2 has 1/4 individuality to carry granule gene sg, and it still is granule from generation to generation that the individuality of band sg gene is planted into F3; Contain the ZH-sg that granule gene sg mutant hybrid rice is paddy rice (Oryza sativa) (in spend 11 little particle mutants), be preserved in CGMCC, deposit number No.2741 on November 07th, 2008;

B) select form to carry the individuality of granule gene sg like receptor parent from generation to generation at F2; Backcross with receptor parent or can backcross like the execution of A step procedure; Once backcross BC1F2 from generation to generation or the secondary BC2F2 that backcrosses still can isolate from generation to generation under the individual situation of 1/4 granule; Select the form individuality that seed diminishes as receptor parent basically, promptly carry the individuality of sg gene, can stablize maintenance line or the male sterile line that obtains to carry mutator gene sg through the selection of 5～7 generations.

As preferably, carry the hybrid rice seed of granule gene sg, its thousand kernel weight is 19～21 grams, and is littler by 25%～45% than the thousand kernel weight of general male sterile line.It is that sterile maintenance line, two is that male sterile line or its average thousand kernel weight of other types male sterile line receptor parent are 25～30 grams that seed size is hybridized paddy three normally.As shown in Figure 1.

As preferably, in selection course, can carry out the background selection of receptor parent to the individuality of the isolated sg of carrying gene by the nationality molecular marking technique, the genotype with receptor parent during selection serves as to use for reference to carry out molecular marker assisted selection.The maintenance line that carries the sg gene that final choosing obtains or the number of grain per ear of male sterile line obviously surpass receptor parent, with the miniaturization and the equilibrium output level of compensation seed.

In order to remedy the output decline that granule brings, in the individual choice of carrying the sg gene, select the individuality of number of grain per ear, so that the number of grain per ear of maintenance line that carries the sg gene that final choosing obtains or male sterile line is obviously above receptor parent above receptor parent.The output of grass family class crops generally is made up of the real grain number of the number of productive ear of unit are, every fringe and heavy these 3 key elements of grain of seed.As long as increase the proportion of some key elements, output is increased in 3 key elements.But generally speaking, increase one of them key element, can make another one or two key element declines in various degree, the increase of ultimate output is extremely limited.Therefore, utilize granule mutant ZH-sg to carry out the rice sterile line improvement, reduce when grain weighs and correspondingly to increase number of grain per ear or tiller number, i.e. number of productive ear.

Granule mutant sg both can be used on nuclear-matter, and to do sterile three mutually be the improvement of approach male sterile line (A or B), and (Wen) quick caryon sterile line (S) and other modes are produced in the male sterile line improvement of crossbreed (like " chemical emasculation " approach) also to can be used for light that environment does to induce mutually.The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

The present invention is mainly used in the sport technique segment of cross breeding seed, and production does not have any impact to hybrid rice.Explain as follows:

The thousand kernel weight of mutant ZH-sg is 20g (former parent is the 24g/1000 grain), and the thousand kernel weight of general rice sterile line " golden 23A " (trade name) is 25g, and bigger is 30g like " interior fragrant 2A " (trade name).The F1 crossbreed of supposing the production of 1 mu of hybrid rice seed farm is 200kg, and thousand kernel weight is that the F1 of 20g, 25g, 30g is respectively 1,000 ten thousand, 8,000,000,6,660,000 for seed amount.China's rice farming generally is 1 cave, 1 seedling when the plantation hybrid rice, and 1 mu of field plants 1.5 ten thousand seedlings of seedling, and in 20,000 F1 seeds of every mu of sowing, the equivalent weight crossbreed of above-mentioned 3 kinds of thousand kernel weight types can be planted 500 mu, 400 mu, 333 mu respectively.Every mu of sowing quantity of above-mentioned 3 kinds of thousand kernel weight is converted to weight by quantity and is respectively 400g, 500g, 600g, and when seed price (by weight) was all 16 yuan/kg, cost was respectively 6.4 yuan, 8.0 yuan, 9.6 yuan.

If rice sterile line is and carries granule gene sg and carry out the production of hybrid seeds, see from national aspect, can practice thrift a large amount of production of hybrid seeds rice fields; See from kind of an industry company aspect, can reduce the quantity and the cost of storage, transportation; See that from producing user's aspect it is agricultural in the cost of buying hybrid rice seed to reduce rice.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the maintenance line that utilizes after the granule mutant improvement, and utilizes the paddy behind the hybrid rice combined grow of this material configuration; Figure is right for carrying the seed of granule gene sg, and its thousand kernel weight is 20 grams; Figure is hybridized paddy and rice for seed size in a left side normally, and its thousand kernel weight is 25 grams.

Fig. 2 is embodiment 1 flow chart.

Embodiment

Below be embodiment of the present invention, technical characterictic of the present invention is done further explanation, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.

Embodiment 1:

As shown in Figure 2, contain the ZH-sg that granule gene sg mutant hybrid rice is paddy rice (Oryza sativa) (in spend 11 little particle mutants), be preserved in CGMCC, deposit number No.2741 on November 07th, 2008; With ZH-sg is donor parents; Can (three be male sterile line with main male sterile line II-32A in China present hybrid rice production of hybrid seeds; Thousand kernel weight 28 grams), (three is male sterile line to interior fragrant 2A; Thousand kernel weight 30 grams), extensively account for 63S hybridization such as (two are male sterile line, thousand kernel weight 28 grams), carry out the improvement of male sterile line kernel miniaturization.

Be example with II-32A and corresponding maintenance line II-32B (receptor parent) thereof below, the embodiment of this patent is described.

1. with corresponding maintenance line II-32B and the hybridization of granule mutant of II-32A, obtain F1 from generation to generation, the size of F1 grain type similar with II-32B (normal seed), general planting F1 obtains F2 from generation to generation.

2.1F2 it is individual to isolate 1/4 granule type, and backcrosses once with II-32B, obtains BC1F1 from generation to generation.Can the isolated sg individuality that contains be carried out the genotypic background of II-32B with molecular marking technique and detect, or select the individuality similar as far as possible with II-32B with morphological characters before backcrossing.

2.2 general planting F2 obtains F3 from generation to generation, the rest may be inferred, obtains F4 generation, F5 generation, F6 from generation to generation.

If 3.1 once backcross, then general planting BC1F1 obtains BC1F2 from generation to generation, and the rest may be inferred, obtains the BC1F3 generation, obtains the BC1F4 generation, obtains BC1F5 from generation to generation.

3.2 can in BC1F2, select the individuality that contains the sg gene, with II-32B again row backcross for the 2nd time, obtain BC2F1 from generation to generation.When backcrossing, carrying out the similitude of background or row and II-32B once more selects.

4. general planting BC2F1 obtains BC2F2 from generation to generation, and the rest may be inferred, obtains BC2F3 from generation to generation.

5. use II-32A to be female parent, with the individuality that carries sg gene and agronomic shape excellence, promptly F4～F5, BC1F2～BC1F3, BC2F2 are hybridized, i.e. nucleus substitution.Using later the individuality that carries sg gene and agronomic shape excellence is F5～F6 generation, BC1F3～F4 generation, BC2F3 generation.Such nucleus substitution hybridization need be carried out 5 times at least.Thereby obtain with the sg gene and genetic background novel male sterile line (the A)/maintenance line (B) similar with II-32.

For reducing the time that improved, process consumed, can just set about with II-32A hybridization, backcross and carry out nucleus substitution in lower generation such as F4.

Being characterized as of new sterile line/maintenance line: thousand kernel weight is 20 grams, and form is shown in Fig. 1 right side.

The selection of receptor parent, can be three be maintenance line, also can be two to be male sterile line or other forms of male sterile line, all can do maternal and donor parents ZH-sg hybridization, the seed of the paddy of tying is similar with receptor parent on the first-filial generation plant of plantation.F2 isolates ratio for meeting and accounts for 1/4 the individuality that carries the sg gene; Because of receive after the hybridization, donor both sides' gene recombinates; If the ameliorator hopes that the offspring is alike with receptor parent as far as possible; The selection of acceptor gene type background can be in the individuality that carries the sg gene carried out, efficiency of selection can be improved like this with molecular marking technique.Genotype is similar with receptor parent as far as possible if hope that the offspring only keeps the sg gene, and the individuality of optional band sg gene and receptor parent are backcrossed 1～2 time or 3～5 times, can make offspring's genotype revert to receptor parent so rapidly.

When separating the offspring and carry the sg gene, note selecting the fringe type type bigger than receptor parent, maintenance line (male sterile line) is remedied, with balance or keep original yield potentiality through increasing number of grain per ear in the grain back that heavily descends.

Specific embodiment described in the present invention only is that the present invention's spirit is illustrated.Person of ordinary skill in the field of the present invention can make various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.

Although the present invention has been made detailed explanation and has quoted some instantiations as proof, to those skilled in the art, only otherwise leave that the spirit and scope of the present invention can be done various variations or correction is obvious.

Claims (4)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种通过籽粒小型化改良不育系提高杂交稻制种效率的方法，其步骤包括：1. A method for improving the efficiency of hybrid rice seed production by improving the sterile line by grain miniaturization, the steps comprising:A)以含小粒基因sg突变体杂交稻为供体亲本，与三系不育保持系杂交稻或二系不育系杂交稻受体亲本杂交，得到杂种F1，种植杂种F1，得到F2世代，当代F2世代植株上结出的种子千粒重表现为三系不育保持系杂交稻、二系不育保持系杂交稻或其他类型不育系杂交稻水平时，在F2世代分离出1/4小粒型个体并且该个体种植成F3世代仍为小粒；含小粒基因sg突变体杂交稻为水稻Oryza sativa的ZH-sg中花11小粒突变体，于2008年11月07日保藏于CGMCC，保藏编号No.2741；A) using the hybrid rice containing the small-grain gene sg mutant as the donor parent, crossing with the three-line sterile maintainer hybrid rice or the second-line sterile line hybrid rice recipient parent to obtain hybrid F1, plant the hybrid F1, and obtain the F2 generation, When the 1000-grain weight of the seeds produced on the contemporary F2 generation plants is at the level of the three-line sterile maintainer hybrid rice, the second-line sterile maintainer hybrid rice or other types of sterile line hybrid rice, 1/4 small-grain type is isolated in the F2 generation The individual and the individual planted into the F3 generation are still small grains; the hybrid rice containing the small grain gene sg mutant is the ZH-sg Zhonghua 11 small grain mutant of rice Oryza sativa, which was preserved in CGMCC on November 07, 2008, with the preservation number No. 2741;B)在F2世代选择形态似受体亲本、由上述F2世代分离出的1/4小粒型个体，与受体亲本回交，在一次回交BC1F2世代或二次回交BC2F2世代依然可以分离出1/4的小粒个体的情况下，选择形态像受体亲本而籽粒变小的个体，即携带sg基因的个体，经5～7个世代的选择即可稳定获得携带突变基因sg的保育系或不育系。B) In the F2 generation, select 1/4 small-grain individuals isolated from the above-mentioned F2 generation that resemble the recipient parent, and backcross with the recipient parent. In the first backcross BC1F2 generation or the second backcross BC2F2 generation, 1 can still be isolated In the case of small-grained individuals of /4, select individuals whose shape resembles the recipient parent but whose grains become smaller, that is, individuals carrying the sg gene, and after 5 to 7 generations of selection, a nursery line carrying the mutant gene sg or not can be stably obtained education system.2.根据权利要求1所述的通过籽粒小型化改良不育系提高杂交稻制种效率的方法，其特征在于，籽粒大小正常的杂交稻的三系不育保持系、二系不育系或其它类型不育系受体亲本其千粒重为25～30克。2. the method for improving hybrid rice seed production efficiency by grain miniaturization and improvement of sterile lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, the three-line sterile maintainer line, two-line sterile line or two-line sterile line of hybrid rice with normal grain size The thousand-grain weight of the recipient parents of other types of sterile lines is 25-30 grams.3.根据权利要求1或2的通过籽粒小型化改良不育系提高杂交稻制种效率的方法，其特征在于，在选择过程中用分子标记技术对分离出的携带sg基因的个体进行受体亲本的背景选择，选择时以受体亲本的基因型为借鉴进行分子标记辅助选择。3. according to claim 1 or 2, improve the method for improving hybrid rice seed production efficiency by grain miniaturization and improvement of sterile line, it is characterized in that, in the selection process, carry out acceptor to the isolated individual carrying sg gene with molecular marker technology The background selection of the parents is based on the genotype of the recipient's parents as a reference for molecular marker-assisted selection.4.根据权利要求1或2的通过籽粒小型化改良不育系提高杂交稻制种效率的方法，其特征在于，在携带sg基因的个体选择中，选择每穗粒数超过受体亲本的个体，最终选获的携带sg基因的保持系或不育系的每穗粒数明显超过受体亲本，以补偿籽粒的小型化并平衡产量水平。4. according to claim 1 or 2, improve the method for hybrid rice seed production efficiency by grain miniaturization improvement sterile line, it is characterized in that, in the individual selection that carries sg gene, select the individuality that the number of grains per ear exceeds the recipient parent , the number of grains per panicle of the finally selected maintainer line or sterile line carrying sg gene was significantly higher than that of the recipient parent, so as to compensate for the miniaturization of grain and balance the yield level.

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