CN101803549A - Physical protection method for preventing summer dormancy of haloxylon ammodendron forest - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种防止梭梭林发生“夏休眠”的物理防护方法，属于林业生态栽培学领域。多年份发生梭梭或白梭梭“夏休眠”的林地，浅层地下水供应丰富，选用草帘、稻草、麦草或草绳等一般性物质材料和苯板等有机隔热物质材料。全年施用，“夏休眠”前维护一次，保证梭梭或白梭梭根茎基部与其地表基质有效隔绝。通过本发明方法，可使梭梭(或白梭梭)在夏季极端逆境条件下仍能正常生长，不发生“夏休眠”生理现象，加速人工梭梭(或白梭梭)林的生长。本发明可操作性强，重复性好，效率高，方法简单，对我国荒漠、半荒漠大规模梭梭(或白梭梭)林生态恢复重建具有极其重要的意义。

The invention relates to a physical protection method for preventing "summer dormancy" of Haloxylon forest, belonging to the field of forestry ecological cultivation. For the woodland where Haloxylon or Haloxylon "summer dormancy" has occurred for many years, the shallow groundwater supply is abundant, and general materials such as straw curtains, straw, wheat straw or straw ropes and organic insulation materials such as benzene boards are used. Apply throughout the year and maintain once before "summer dormancy" to ensure that the rhizome base of Haloxylon or Haloxylon white is effectively isolated from the surface substrate. Through the method of the invention, Haloxylon (or Haloxylon white) can still grow normally under extreme adversity conditions in summer, the physiological phenomenon of "summer dormancy" does not occur, and the growth of artificial Haloxylon (or Haloxylon white) forest is accelerated. The invention has strong operability, good repeatability, high efficiency and simple method, and has extremely important significance for the ecological restoration and reconstruction of large-scale Haloxylon (or Haloxylon) forests in deserts and semi-deserts in my country.

Description

A kind of physical protection method that prevents sacsaoul woods generation summer dormancy

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of physical protection method that prevents sacsaoul woods generation summer dormancy, belong to the forestry ecological cultivation and learn the field, be exclusively used in and prevent that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) from " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon taking place in the summer of extreme adverse circumstance, promote sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) growth, increase the method for year increment.

Two, background technology

Li Ke (Chenopodiaceae) Haloxylon plant, the whole world has 11 kinds, mainly is distributed in the vast desert area of Mediterranean to the Central Asia, is grown in active dune, semifixed dune, saline soil and gravel matter Gobi desert.In two kinds of state-owned sacsaoul (Haloxylonammodendorn (C.A.Me.) Bunge claims sacsaoul bavin or black sacsaoul again) and haloxylon persicums (Haloxylon persicumBunge ex Boiss et Bushse).The super non-irrigated living dungarunga of Haloxylon is tall and big shrub shape, and plant height is generally at 2～3m, and indivedual plant can have very huge root system up to 10m, and vertical root can reach more than the 9m, and horizontal branch can be distributed to beyond the 10m.The higher sacsaoul group of crown density often seems to be woodland scenery in desert, so the sacsaoul vegetation that past people often will distribute in flakes is called " sacsaoul woods ".Sacsaoul is about 1170 * 10 at the distribution area of China⁴Hm², account for 9% of China's desert gross area, mainly be distributed in the provinces and regions Desert Area such as Xinjiang, the Inner Mongol, Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia of NORTHWEST CHINA portion, and haloxylon persicum only is distributed in the north, Xinjiang.Haloxylon resistance is extremely strong, is good the checking winds and fixing drifting sand and the ecological protection plant of a kind of drought-resistant, high temperature resistant, salt tolerant alkali, weatherproof; Sacsaoul is wooden hard, and firepower is strong, also is good fire wood, and the reputation of " desert coal alive " is arranged; Sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) current-year branch is rich in nutrition, is good animal feeding-stuff; Still the host of " desert genseng "-saline cistanche has very high economy and exploitation value.Sacsaoul is a NORTHWEST CHINA desert half-desert area rare plants resource, also be the seeds of China arid desert district dune fixation afforestation area maximum, at these regional preventing and fixing sands, slow down desertification, safeguard to have irreplaceable ecologic niche and important value on the ecological safety.Yet because of human factor and environmental deterioration, the Haloxylon plant resources once was subjected to heavy damage, once had been in the state of gradually endangering, and was listed in national second class protection plant in imminent danger.So, accelerate recovery of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) woods and the important topic that construction becomes the NORTHWEST CHINA ecological construction day by day.

Sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) is owing to adapt to arid living environment for a long time, and blade is degenerated to flakey, relies on the assimilation branch to carry out photosynthesis.The assimilation branch can reduce transpiration water consumption significantly, makes sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) possess extremely strong drought resisting characteristic, still can normal growth at 1.3%～2.6% o'clock in soil moisture content.Moreover, sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) also develops and a kind of extremely degeneration-resistant form, and the physiological phenomenon that promptly is referred to as " summer dormancy " is resisted adverse circumstance.Concrete manifestation is, during environment late June～early August in extremely harsh summer, sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) give birth to then the assimilation branch by emerald green change into gradually celadon until yellow, partial assimilation branch spike top, come off and above-ground plant parts is grown and obviously slowed down or phenomenon such as stop growing.Sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) " summer dormancy " phenomenon be sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) when meeting with adverse circumstance in form and physiological reaction, be its opposing and evade a kind of protectiveness and the adaptability strategy that environment stress is taked." summer dormancy " phenomenon that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) is showed can make sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) spend the harsh adverse circumstance period in summer safely on the one hand, but make sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) shorten effective growthdevelopmental stage but then, significantly reduce year increment, this recovery to sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) woods is extremely unfavorable with construction.

" summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon and its growing environment that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) is showed are closely related.Summer, the desert and half-desert sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) the woods temperature in NORTHWEST CHINA area can reach more than 35 ℃ often, and extreme temperature can reach about 48 ℃, and extreme surface temperature can reach more than 70 ℃; Arid is short of rain, and illumination is extremely strong.We find by years of researches: causing the key ecological of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) performance " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon is extreme face of land high temperature (〉=55 ℃), be extreme face of land high temperature caused sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) give birth to then the assimilation branch by emerald green change into gradually celadon until yellow, partial assimilation branch spike top, come off and the above-ground plant parts growth obviously slows down or phenomenon such as stop growing, we now are called this physiological phenomenon " stress physiology retardance ".The growth substrate of desert and half-desert sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) woods mainly is desert sandy soil or gravel matter sandy soil, and this soil property capacity of heat transmission is poor, but heat storage capacity is extremely strong, reaches more than 60 ℃ with regard to the very fast surface temperature that can make as long as ambient air temperature reaches more than 36 ℃.(revert to normal temperature night) if the temperature of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome and matrix contact site, the face of land reached more than 55 ℃ in continuous 3～5 days, just can make sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) enter " summer dormancy " state, growing significantly slows down or stops growing.So, for preventing that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) from " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon taking place, accelerate its growth, as long as sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome and matrix contact site, the face of land is isolated and prevent that this position from responding to face of land high temperature, just can prevent effectively that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) from entering " summer dormancy " state.

Three, summary of the invention

Technical problem the object of the present invention is to provide the method that prevents desert and half-desert area natural or artificial sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) woods generation " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon a kind of summer, solve sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) because of effective reduction in the life period that " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon causes takes place, year increment is few, the slow and crucial slowly difficult problem of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) ecological forest restoration and reconstruction of individual growth.

Technical scheme: embodiment of the present invention are as follows:

1. the physical protection measure prevents the method for natural and artificial sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) woods in generation " summer dormancy " (or stress physiology retardance) in summer phenomenon, comprising:

(1) forest land condition: natural or artificial sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) forest land physioclimate is abominable, and extreme high temperature, arid weather happen occasionally between 6～August of summer, and part generation sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon probability is higher for many years; But its forest land phreatic water is in plentiful supply, can annual water requirement of supplying sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) normal growth.

(2) protective materials: mainly be meant straw screen or mat, straw or wheat straw, straw rope, etc. organic heat-barrier material such as general material and benzene plate.

(3) the enforcement time: protective materials generally sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) " summer dormancy " preceding by the end of May before use, or use during transplanted seedling.

(4) implementation method: to the sacsaoul society of growth fraction comparatively dense, its dense branch can shelter from heat or light mutually to the rhizome and the face of land matrix thereof of sacsaoul group inside, and its position that is subjected to face of land high temperature stress is the sacsaoul rhizome place of the outside sunny slope of sacsaoul society.To the straw screen or mat of this available certain-length directly wrap the sacsaoul rhizome and the face of land of the outside sunny slope of sacsaoul group, and in the shade face does not process, and can effectively reach the effect that reduces surface temperature.Available straw of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) or direct accumulation of wheat straw that some racemosus are grown thickly are embedded in sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome and contact site, the face of land, make face of land matrix (the following about 10cm in the face of land, mainly be desert sandy soil or gravel matter sandy soil) separate 20～30cm with sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome base portion, straw or wheat straw deposit thickness are about 10cm.To the available straw screen or mat parcel of some single only sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome, the up-narrow and down-wide formation of the shape of parcel is conical, the high about 50cm of circular cone, and diameter 15～20cm binds with iron wire; Also available straw rope directly twines sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome, guarantees that rhizome and face of land matrix are isolated, and the about 10cm of twister thickness also gos deep into the following about 10cm in the face of land, keeps about 50cm on the ground; Also available prefabricated benzene plate is with sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome parcel, and benzene plate thickness 5cm gos deep into the following about 10cm in the face of land, keeps about 50cm on the ground, but the factors of considering such as environmental protection, the method preferably need not.

(5) maintenance management: materials such as straw or wheat straw, straw screen or mat, straw rope, benzene plate will in the preceding maintenance of annual sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) " summer dormancy " once guarantee that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome base portion and its face of land matrix are effectively isolated.

Beneficial effect: the present invention is according to the newest fruits of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) " summer dormancy " physiological property research, use multiple physical protection measure measure in desert and half-desert sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) forest land, determining of " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon method takes place to preventing natural and artificial sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) woods in summer in expansion, set up to prevent that in the harsh living environment in NORTHWEST CHINA area desert and half-desert sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) from the method for " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon taking place.Its beneficial effect is:

(1) the present invention selects natural and artificial sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) forest land of certain condition, take the physical protection measure to prevent that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) from the harsh adverse circumstance " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon taking place in summer, thereby can significantly increase effectively growth period of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum), increase year increment, accelerate individual growth, promote the quick restoration and reconstruction of desert, half-desert sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) ecological forest, have good application prospects.

(2) physical protection measure method of the present invention is simple, is convenient to operation; The material source that uses or expend is abundant, and is with low cost, is convenient to draw materials, and is suitable for large tracts of land and promotes; And the material therefor environmentally safe, ecological, environmental protective meets modern ecological and builds theory, has good application prospects.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 covers the method picture of sacsaoul rhizome base portion face of land matrix with straw screen or mat.

Fig. 2 covers the method picture of sacsaoul rhizome base portion face of land matrix with wheat straw.

Fig. 3 is with the method picture of benzene plate parcel sacsaoul rhizome base portion face of land matrix.

Five, embodiment

The desert in NORTHWEST CHINA area and half-desert sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) living environment are very harsh, especially illumination is strong between the 6～August in summer in every year, arid is short of rain, temperature is high, surface temperature is high, thereby the physiological phenomenon of " summer dormancy " takes place in these regional sacsaouls (or haloxylon persicum) often, and the phenomenon that " summer dormancy " repeatedly takes place is arranged the summer in some time.The present invention is applicable to the phenomenon that prevents desert and half-desert area natural and artificial sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) woods generation " summer dormancy ", requires these area ecological environments abominable, and the probability that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) in summer " summer dormancy " phenomenon takes place is higher; Require sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) forest land phreatic water abundant in addition, period can regular supply moisture in the extreme adverse circumstance of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) growth.Studies show that, face of land high temperature is the key ecological that causes sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) to enter " summer dormancy " state, the part that sacsaoul rhizome place contacts with face of land matrix is the key position of induction face of land high temperature, as long as, just can prevent effectively that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) from entering " summer dormancy " state so the part that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome is contacted with face of land matrix is isolated.

The present invention adopts the physical protection measure to prevent that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) from " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon taking place.Concrete grammar is: available straw of sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) or direct accumulation of wheat straw that some racemosus are grown thickly are embedded in sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome and contact site, the face of land, make face of land matrix (mainly being desert sandy soil or gravel matter sandy soil) and sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome base portion separate 20～30cm, straw or wheat straw thickness are about 10cm.The formed deposit of straw or wheat straw is promptly loose ventilative, can cover sacsaoul rhizome base portion again, isolated face of land matrix, the temperature that makes sacsaoul rhizome base portion also is no more than 50 ℃ at thermal extremes period, thereby make sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) can not respond to face of land high temperature, " summer dormancy " phenomenon does not take place.To the available straw screen or mat parcel of some single only sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome, the up-narrow and down-wide formation of the shape of parcel is conical, the high about 50cm of circular cone, and diameter 15～20cm binds with iron wire; Also available straw rope directly twines sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome, guarantees that rhizome and face of land matrix are isolated, and the about 10cm of twister thickness also gos deep into the following about 10cm in the face of land, keeps about 50cm on the ground; Also available prefabricated benzene plate is with sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome parcel, and benzene plate thickness 5cm gos deep into the following about 10cm in the face of land, keeps about 50cm on the ground.The temperature that these methods make sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome base portion equally also is no more than 50 ℃ at thermal extremes period, can prevent effectively that sacsaoul from " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon taking place.

The obtained effect of above method also needs certain maintenance management.The formed protection insulation of physical protection method will be in the preceding timely inspection of annual sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) " summer dormancy " and is in time repaired, guarantee that sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome and face of land matrix are isolated fully, could prevent effectively that like this sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) from " summer dormancy " phenomenon taking place.

Embodiment:

The physical protection measure prevents that the method for natural and artificial sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) woods generation " summer dormancy " (stress physiology retardance) phenomenon is as follows:

(1) implements the place: the husky nest in north, Fukang, Xinjiang.

(2) practical range: 2 years above sacsaouls of life of 500 strains.

(3) the enforcement time: on April 25th, 2009.

(4) implementation method: with the straw screen or mat of certain-length directly wrap the sacsaoul rhizome and the face of land of the outside sunny slope of this group, and in the shade face does not process to the sacsaoul group of intensive growth.The sacsaoul that racemosus is grown thickly is embedded in sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome and contact site, the face of land with direct accumulation of wheat straw, make face of land matrix (mainly being desert sandy soil or gravel matter sandy soil) and sacsaoul (or haloxylon persicum) rhizome base portion separate 20～30cm, wheat straw deposit thickness is about 10cm.Single only sacsaoul is wrapped up the sacsaoul rhizome with straw screen or mat, and the up-narrow and down-wide formation of the shape of parcel is conical, the high about 50cm of circular cone, and diameter 15～20cm binds with iron wire; Also have some single only sacsaoul with prefabricated benzene plate rhizome to be wrapped up, benzene plate thickness 5cm gos deep into the following about 10cm in the face of land, keeps about 50cm on the ground.

(5) effect: all, find no " summer dormancy " physiological phenomenon and take place under summer extreme adverse circumstance through sacsaoul that above technical method is handled.The current year, sacsaoul was bloomed successively mid-May, run into high temperature before and after June 18, surface temperature once reached 67 ℃ thermal extremes, the part sacsaoul enters " summer dormancy " state, but rainfall often after mid-July, make the temperature of desert environment fall after rise, the record of surface temperature above 55 ℃ significantly reduces, and sacsaoul is removed " summer dormancy " recovering state normal growth.

May 20, high noons 14, the point measurement surface temperature was 43 ℃, and the sacsaoul rhizome place temperature of wheat straw deposit parcel is 32 ℃, 30 ℃ of the sacsaoul rhizome place temperature of straw screen or mat parcel.June 20, high noons 14, the point measurement surface temperature was 66 ℃, and the sacsaoul rhizome place temperature of wheat straw deposit parcel is 47 ℃, 42 ℃ of the sacsaoul rhizome place temperature of straw screen or mat parcel.July 20, high noons 14, the point measurement surface temperature was 45 ℃, and the sacsaoul rhizome place temperature of wheat straw deposit parcel is 33 ℃, 31 ℃ of the sacsaoul rhizome place temperature of straw screen or mat parcel.Handled and the sacsaoul amount of growth of " summer dormancy " does not take place and handle and amount of growth that the sacsaoul of " summer dormancy " takes place is measured and compare once crossing the physical protection measure at the beginning of 10 months without safeguard procedures, show sacsaoul amount of growth (elongation calculating per year) the average out to 47.7cm that " summer dormancy " do not take place, and amount of growth (elongation calculating per year) the average out to 29.3cm of the sacsaoul of " summer dormancy " took place, difference is obvious.

Claims (1)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种防止梭梭林发生“夏休眠”的物理防护方法，包括：1. A physical protection method preventing Haloxylon from taking place "summer dormancy", comprising:(1)林地条件：多年份发生梭梭或白梭梭“夏休眠”；但其林地浅层地下水供应丰富，可全年供应梭梭或白梭梭正常生长的需水量；(1) Forest conditions: Haloxylon or Haloxylon "summer dormancy" has occurred for many years; however, the shallow groundwater supply in the forest is abundant, which can supply the water demand for normal growth of Haloxylon or Haloxylon throughout the year;(2)防护材料：主要是指草帘、稻草、麦草或草绳一般性物质材料和苯板等有机隔热物质材料。(2) Protective materials: mainly refer to general material materials such as straw curtains, straw, wheat straw or straw ropes, and organic heat-insulating materials such as benzene boards.(3)实施时间：全年施用，但最好在梭梭或白梭梭“夏休眠”前的5月底之前使用。(3) Implementation time: Apply throughout the year, but it is best to use before the end of May before the "summer dormancy" of Haloxylon or Haloxylon white.(4)实施方法：对生长比较密集的梭梭小群落，用草帘直接围裹梭梭群外部向阳面的梭梭根茎和地表，而背阴面不做处理；(4) Implementation method: For the densely grown Haloxylon small community, directly surround the Haloxylon rhizome and the surface on the sunny side outside the Haloxylon colony with straw curtains, and leave the shady side untreated;对多枝丛生的梭梭或白梭梭用稻草或麦草直接堆积包埋在梭梭或白梭梭根茎与地表接触部位，使地表以下10cm地表基质与梭梭或白梭梭根茎基部隔开20～30cm，稻草或麦草堆积物厚度为8-12cm；For Haloxylon or Haloxylon with multiple branches, use straw or wheat straw to directly pile up and embed the rhizome of Haloxylon or Haloxylon in contact with the surface, so that the surface substrate 10cm below the surface is separated from the base of the rhizome of Haloxylon or Haloxylon for 20 ~30cm, the thickness of straw or wheat straw accumulation is 8-12cm;对单枝独生的梭梭或白梭梭用草帘包裹梭梭或白梭梭根茎，包裹的形状上窄下宽形成圆锥形，圆锥高约50cm，直径15～20cm，用铁丝捆紧；或用草绳直接缠绕梭梭或白梭梭根茎，确保根茎与地表以下10cm地表基质隔绝，缠绕物厚度10cm并深入地表以下约10cm，地上保留50cm；或用预制的苯板将梭梭或白梭梭根茎包裹，苯板厚度5cm，深入地表以下10cm，地上保留约50cm；Wrap the Haloxylon or Haloxylon rhizome with straw curtains for the single-branched solitary Haloxylon or Haloxylon, the shape of the package is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom to form a conical shape, the cone is about 50cm high, 15-20cm in diameter, and tied tightly with iron wire; Or directly wrap the rhizome of Haloxylon or Haloxylon with grass rope to ensure that the rhizome is isolated from the surface substrate 10cm below the surface, the thickness of the winding is 10cm and it goes deep about 10cm below the surface, and 50cm is reserved on the ground; Wrapped with Haloxylon rhizomes, the thickness of the benzene board is 5cm, and it penetrates 10cm below the surface, leaving about 50cm above the ground;(5)维护管理：稻草或麦草、草帘、草绳、苯板材料要在每年梭梭或白梭梭“夏休眠”前维护一次，保证梭梭或白梭梭根茎基部与其地表基质有效隔绝。(5) Maintenance and management: straw or wheat straw, straw curtains, straw ropes, and benzene board materials should be maintained once a year before the "summer dormancy" of Haloxylon or Haloxylon, to ensure that the rhizome base of Haloxylon or Haloxylon is effectively isolated from the surface substrate .

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