CN101719032B - Multi-point touch system and method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of input technology, particularly a kind of multi-point touch system and method thereof of touching.
Background technology
Experience for improving user, utilize gesture to input the trend that just becomes industry, and the demand that user inputs by gesture has just proposed to support the technical requirement of multiple point touching to operation interface, thereby multiple point touching technology also becomes the technology that current industry is paid close attention to.Traditional touch interface is only supported single-point touches conventionally, although traditional touch interface also can be supported the touch input of simple two to three, should use very inconvenient.And multiple point touching technology of the prior art is the multiple point touching technology realizing on Same Physical interface, this kind of scheme need to realize at the multiple point touching interface based on special and expensive conventionally.And large-sized touch interface is also more expensive.Therefore, use expensive multiple point touching interface to become the obstruction of new technology.
By studying above-mentioned prior art, inventor finds that such scheme at least exists following shortcoming:
1. the multiple point touching interface of the realization of current multiple point touching technology based on special and expensive, although can bring user good interactive experience, expensive.
2. current multiple point touching technology realizes based on Same Physical interface, and large scale touch interface can further bring the increase of cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of multi-point touch system and method, by integrating the touch input signal producing on separate touch load module, in realizing multi-touch function, reduce and realize cost.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of multi-point touch system, having comprised:
At least two physically independent touch load modules, described touch load module, for receiving user's touch operation, generates and operates the first corresponding touch signal with described touch;
Touch signal integrated module, for receiving at least two described the first touch signals, processes described at least two described the first touch signals, generates the second touch signal; And
Touch signal processing module, is connected with described touch signal integrated module, for according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal being processed, generates and touches instruction, and based on described touch instruction, described system can generate by the output signal of user awareness.
Preferably, described the first touch signal is specially: the first touch location signal and/or first touches strength signal.
Preferably, described touch signal integrated module comprises:
The first touch signal source record cell, for according to the corresponding relation between the described touch load module of each described the first touch signal and described each described the first touch signal of generation, record respectively corresponding the first touch signal source-information of each described the first touch signal;
The first touch signal time record cell, for recording respectively the first touch signal temporal information that generates each described the first touch signal; And
The second touch signal generation unit, be connected with described the first touch signal source record cell and described the first touch signal time record cell, for generating described the second touch signal according to described the first touch signal source-information and described the first touch signal temporal information according to the sequencing of each described the first touch signal generation.
Preferably, described the first touch signal temporal information is specially: generate the start-stop time information of described the first touch signal, or generate the sequencing information of each described the first touch signal.
Preferably, described touch signal processing module comprises:
Touch mode resolution unit, for resolving touch mode corresponding to described the second touch signal; With touch instruction generation unit, generate described touch instruction according to described touch mode.
Preferably, described touch mode is specially any in following various pattern: single-point touches, multiple point touching, single touch track, many touch track.
Preferably, described touch mode comprises: describe the second touch signal strength information of described the second touch signal intensity, and describe the second touch signal Strength Changes information of described the second touch signal Strength Changes.
According to another aspect of the present invention, also provide a kind of multi-point touch method, for comprising the multi-point touch system of at least two physically independent touch load modules, comprised the following steps:
Receive respectively the touch operation acting on each described touch load module, generate and operate the first corresponding touch signal with described touch;
At least two described the first touch signals are processed, generated the second touch signal; And
Receive described the second touch signal, and according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal is processed, generate and touch instruction, based on described touch instruction, described system can generate by the output signal of user awareness.
Preferably, described the first touch signal is specially: the first touch location signal and/or first touches strength signal.
Preferably, described at least two described the first touch signals are processed, the step that generates the second touch signal is specially:
According to the corresponding relation between the described touch load module of each described the first touch signal and described each described the first touch signal of generation, record respectively corresponding the first touch signal source-information of each described the first touch signal;
Record generates the first touch signal temporal information of each described the first touch signal respectively; And
Generate described the second touch signal according to described the first touch signal source-information and described the first touch signal temporal information according to the sequencing of each described the first touch signal generation.
Preferably, described the first touch signal temporal information is specially: generate the start-stop time information of described the first touch signal, or generate the sequencing information of each described the first touch signal.
Preferably, the step of described the second touch signal of described reception is specially:
Receive described the second touch signal according to time sequencing pointwise, or receive described the second touch signal according to time sequencing time segment.
Preferably, describedly according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal is processed, is generated the step that touches instruction and be specially:
Resolve touch mode corresponding to described the second touch signal, generate described touch instruction according to described touch mode.
Preferably, described touch mode is specially any in following various pattern: single-point touches, multiple point touching, single touch track, many touch track.
Preferably, described touch mode comprises: describe the second touch signal strength information of described the second touch signal intensity, and describe the second touch signal Strength Changes information of described the second touch signal Strength Changes.
Preferably, described output signal comprises: for carrying out the signal of control command, for marking the signal of track, for showing the signal of image, for playing the signal of music.
Preferably, described touch operation is specially any or its combination of following various operations: multiple spot touches simultaneously, and multiple spot is non-to be touched simultaneously, multiple spot is clicked, multiple spot is multi-hit, the centripetal motion of multiple spot, and multiple spot outwards radiates motion, multiple spot moves in the same way, the incorgruous motion of multiple spot, multiple spot is clicked and motion, multiple spot curvilinear motion, the combination of multiple spot detach Spline, multiple spot is across interface operation.
Embodiments of the invention, at least can obtain following beneficial effect:
1. make multiple traditional touch load modules or multiple point touching module form and support multiple point touching inputting interface, and the simple gesture input on different touch load modules can be combined into the gesture input of various complexity.
2. in multi-point touch system, each load module that touches also can use as touch input device separately.
3. reduced the cost of the touch inputting interface of supporting gesture input.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms the application's a part, and schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the multi-point touch system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a)-(i) is the various arrangement mode schematic diagram of the touch load module of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of touch signal integrated module in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of touch signal processing module in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 (a)-(e) is the schematic diagram that five kinds in the embodiment of the present invention touch operative combination modes.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, embodiments of the invention provide a kind of multi-point touch system, comprising: at least two physically independenttouch load modules 10, touch signal integratedmodule 20 and touchsignal processing modules 30.
At least two physically independenttouch load modules 10 wherein, each describedtouch load module 10, in the time having user to touch operation, generates and operates the first corresponding touch signal with described touch.
Wherein, the first touch signal is specially: the first touch location signal and/or first touches strength signal.
Each describedtouch load module 10 can be conventional touch screen or the touch pad of only supporting single-point touches function, also can be touch-screen or the touch pad of supporting multiple point touching, size and in shape, described each describedtouch load module 10 can be identical or different.In actual application process, the physical location relation that touches 10 of load modules described in each can arrange according to user's actual demand.
The position relationship of each described touch load module can have a variety of, as shown in Figure 2, (a) two touch laterally placing side by side of load module, (b) two touch longitudinally placing side by side of load module, (c) two touch laterally placing side by side of load module, (d) three cooperations up and down that touch load module are placed, (e) three left and right that touch load module coordinate placement, (f) placement straggly of three touch load modules, (g) three touch laterally placing side by side of load module, (h) four matrixes that touch load module are placed, (i) two touch load module separation placement.
Touch signal integratedmodule 20 wherein, for receiving at least two described the first touch signals, processes described at least two described the first touch signals, generates the second touch signal.
As shown in Figure 3, above-mentioned touch signal integratedmodule 20 comprises:
The first touch signal sourcerecord cell 21, for generate the situation of the first touch signal according to each touch load module 1-N, record respectively corresponding the first touch signal source-information of each described the first touch signal, as: corresponding record produces the numbering of the touch load module of each first signal;
The first touch signaltime record cell 22, for recording respectively the first touch signal temporal information that generates each described the first touch signal, the first touch signal temporal information can be the start-stop time information that generates described the first touch signal, can be also the sequencing information that generates each described the first touch signal.
The second touchsignal generation unit 23, be connected with described the first touch signal sourcerecord cell 21 and described the first touch signaltime record cell 22, for each the first touch signal being integrated into the second touch signal according to the first touch signal source-information and the first touch signal temporal information according to the sequencing of each described the first touch signal generation.
Touchsignal processing module 30 wherein, be connected with described touch signal integratedmodule 20, for according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal being processed, generate and touch instruction, based on described touch instruction, described system can generate by the output signal of user awareness.
As shown in Figure 4, above-mentioned touchsignal processing module 30 comprises:
Touchmode resolution unit 31, for resolving the touch mode that the second touch signal is corresponding; With
Touchinstruction generation unit 32, generate described touch instruction according to described touch mode.
Wherein, touch mode can be any in following various pattern: single-point touches, multiple point touching, single touch track, many touch track.Touch mode can also be: describe the second touch signal strength information of described the second touch signal intensity, and describe the second touch signal Strength Changes information of described the second touch signal Strength Changes.
Embodiments of the invention also provide a kind of multi-point touch method, and for comprising the multi-point touch system of at least two physically independent touch load modules, the method comprises the following steps:
S100 receives respectively the touch operation acting on each described touch load module, generate and operate the first corresponding touch signal with described touch, first touch signal here can be the first touch location signal, also can be the first touch strength signal, it can also be the first touch rate signal, be used for describing user and touch the speed degree of operation or the combination of above-mentioned three kinds of signals.
S200 processes at least two described the first touch signals, generates the second touch signal.
Specifically can comprise following three steps:
S210, according to the corresponding relation between the described touch load module of each described the first touch signal and described each described the first touch signal of generation, records respectively corresponding the first touch signal source-information of each described the first touch signal.
S220 records respectively the first touch signal temporal information that generates each described the first touch signal, wherein said the first touch signal temporal information can be the start-stop time information that generates described the first touch signal, can be also the sequencing information that generates each described the first touch signal.
Multi-point touch system can judge the time order and function relation that touches the signal generation of load module from difference according to the first touch signal temporal information.
S230 generates described the second touch signal according to described the first touch signal source-information and described the first touch signal temporal information according to the sequencing of each described the first touch signal generation.
S300 receives described the second touch signal, and according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal is processed, and generates and touches instruction, and based on described touch instruction, described system can generate by the output signal of user awareness.Receiving described the second touch signal can be to receive described the second touch signal according to time sequencing pointwise, can be also to receive described the second touch signal according to time sequencing time segment.
The output signal here comprises: for carrying out the signal of control command, for marking the signal of track, for showing the signal of image, for playing the signal of music.
Wherein, touch operation and be specially any or its combination of following various operations: multiple spot touches simultaneously, and multiple spot is non-to be touched simultaneously, multiple spot is clicked, and multiple spot is multi-hit, the centripetal motion of multiple spot, multiple spot outwards radiates motion, and multiple spot moves in the same way, the incorgruous motion of multiple spot, multiple spot is clicked and motion, and multiple spot curvilinear motion (comprising: camber line, circle or similar round, wave, bend line etc.), the combination of multiple spot detach Spline, multiple spot is across interface operation.
As shown in Figure 5, (a) show respectively and touch at two three kinds of situations that simultaneously operate in the same way on load module, (b) show respectively and touch four kinds of situations of simultaneously carrying out incorgruous operation on load module at two, (c) show the situation that while or priority are carried out curvilinear motion on two touch load modules respectively, (d) show respectively at two and touch and on load modules, click and the situation of curvilinear motion simultaneously or successively, (e) show at three wherein two interblocks that touch in load module and do operation transboundary, touching load module at another piece does and the described operation transboundary situation of operation in the same way.
Wherein, according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal is processed, the step that generates touch instruction is specially: resolve touch mode corresponding to described the second touch signal, generate described touch instruction according to described touch mode.
Wherein, touch mode is specially any in following various pattern: single-point touches, multiple point touching, single touch track, many touch track.Touch mode can also be the second touch signal strength information of describing described the second touch signal intensity, and describes the second touch signal Strength Changes information of described the second touch signal Strength Changes.
Further illustrate the specific implementation of multi-point touch system and method below by instantiation:
Example one, with two conventional touchpads, touch signal integrated module, and on the multi-point touch system that forms of touch signal processing module, under the scene of watching video, user carries out respectively the laterally incorgruous example that is operating as on two touch pads simultaneously, illustrates.(as shown in several the second width figure as left in Fig. 5 (b))
The name that defines the touch pad that is positioned at left side in two conventional touchpads is called left touch pad, and the name that is positioned at the touch pad on right side is called right touch pad.Left touch pad receives user and operates the left-hand stretching touch signal of triggering, and right touch pad receives user and operate the dextrad stretching touch signal of triggering; Two touch pads send to touch signal integrated module by the left-hand stretching touch signal of its generation and dextrad stretching touch signal respectively.
Touch signal source record cell in touch signal integrated module is respectively left and right, and to stretching touch signal mark, it produces source, it produces source for left touch pad to be left-hand stretching touch signal mark, and for dextrad stretching touch signal mark, it produces source for right touch pad.
Touch signal time record cell in touch signal integrated module is respectively left and right and records its temporal information to stretching touch signal, the mode of recording time information can be: record left and right is to the initial of stretching touch signal respective operations and termination moment respectively, also can be: record left and right is to stretching touch signal sequencing in time, for trigger simultaneously, be that the two occurs simultaneously so record result herein.
Multi-point touch system can also comprise: touch signal speed record unit, for recording respectively the touch signal velocity information of each touch operation, i.e. the speed degree of user's operation, if the left and right of identical stroke is to time that stretched operation completed.
Multi-point touch system can also comprise: touch signal produces scene record cell, the current application scene information during for recording user operation, as: see video, browsing page, draws, and Edit Document starts application program etc.The obtain manner of application scenarios information can be the title by obtaining work at present window, by comparing and learn the corresponding relation between current application scene information and various user operation and the action of the corresponding execution of application program needs with the corresponding table prestoring.In this embodiment, know that application scenarios information is displaying video, find the amplified video window size in the direction of user's stretched operation that is operating as that should carry out with the corresponding application program of action that stretches.
The second touch signal generation unit in touch signal integrated module is the source-information to stretching touch signal according to left and right, temporal information, velocity information and application scenarios information, left and right is integrated into the second touch signal to stretching touch signal, and the second touch signal is passed to touch signal processing module.
Touch signal processing module receives the second touch signal, and it is carried out to analyzing and processing, learns that operation that user this moment operates required correspondence is that the border, left and right of adjusting video window according to the speed of user's operation stretches out, thus amplified video broadcast window.If user's operating speed is fast, it is fast that window amplifies speed, if user's operating speed is slow, it is slow that window amplifies speed; Touch signal processing module produces and can make application program carry out the touch instruction of aforesaid operations.Application program is received and is touched after instruction, amplified video window, and user can be by the variation direct feel of video window size to user's operation.
Example two, with three conventional touchpads, touch signal integrated module, and on the multi-point touch system of touch signal processing module formation, under picture scene, user does curve slip transboundary on two touch pads therein, the situation of doing linear slide on another piece touch pad is example, illustrates.(as shown in Fig. 5 (e))
Define the name that is positioned at the top touch pad in left side in three conventional touchpads and be called touch pad A, the name that is positioned at left side touch pad is on the lower called touch pad B, and the name that is positioned at the touch pad on right side is called touch pad C.Touch pad B receives user and operates the first curve touch signal of triggering, and touch pad A receives user and operate the second curve touch signal of triggering, and touch pad C receives user and operate the straight line touch signal of triggering; Three touch pads are respectively by the first curve touch signal of its generation, and the second curve touch signal and straight line touch signal send to touch signal integrated module.
Touch signal source record cell in touch signal integrated module is respectively its three touch signal marks receiving, and it produces source, it produces source for touch pad B to be the first curve touch signal mark, be that its generation source of the second curve touch signal mark is touch pad A, for its generation source of straight line touch signal mark is touch pad C.
Touch signal time record cell in touch signal integrated module is respectively three touch signals and records its temporal information, the mode of recording time information can be: record respectively the initial of three touch signal respective operations and stop the moment, can be also: record three touch signals sequencing in time.
The initial time of supposing the curve slip of user's triggering is T1, the moment on the border that arrival touch pad A is connected with touch pad B is T2, be T the finish time that curve slides3, the initial time that user triggers linear slide is T4, the moment that finishes linear slide is T5.Suppose in current application scene, should pass through successively T according to time sequencing1, T4, T2, T3, T5in the moment, user has triggered curve and has slided, and curve slides and be also positioned at Trackpad B when upper, and user triggers linear slide, and after curve slides and finishes, linear slide just finishes.
Now, touch signal time record cell can be that the first curve touch signal records corresponding T1and T2moment is that the second curve touch signal records corresponding T2and T3moment, for straight line touch signal records corresponding T4and T5moment, can also record the first curve touch signal and trigger successively on the second curve touch signal time, straight line touch signal is just triggered after the first curve touch signal has triggered, and is later than the second curve touch signal and finishes.
Touch signal speed record unit in multi-point touch system is respectively three touch signal speed information, i.e. the speed degree of user's operation.
Current application scene information when touch signal generation scene recording unit records user in multi-point touch system operates is for drawing.And call relevant correspondence table according to current scene, the current image of editing is operated, as: touch pad A herein and the touch pad B operation for supporting edited image to be rotated, touch pad C is for supporting edited image to carry out the operation of translation.
The second touch signal generation unit in touch signal integrated module is according to the source-information of three touch signals, temporal information, velocity information and application scenarios information, three touch signals are integrated into the second touch signal, wherein, the cause finish time of the first curve touch signal and the initial time of the second curve touch signal match, and therefore judge that this is operating as continued operation transboundary, carries out continuous action.And the second touch signal is passed to touch signal processing module.
Touch signal processing module receives the second touch signal, it is carried out to analyzing and processing, learn that the operation that user this moment operates required correspondence is the direction rotation current edited image being slided according to curve according to the speed of user's operation, and according to the upwards translation of the direction of linear slide.Because of T1at T4before moment, therefore upwards translation of limit rotation limit again after original place rotation a period of time first occurs edited image, because of T3at T5before moment, therefore, after stopping the rotation, edited image still to continue upwards translation one segment distance.Touch signal processing module produces and can make application program carry out the touch instruction of aforesaid operations.Application program is received and is touched after instruction, and the image when pre-editing is rotated to translation in the manner described above, and user can be by the change direct feel of edited image position and angle to user's operation.
In operation transboundary, operation transboundary can maintain an operation implication touching on load module, can be also transboundary to operate due to what occur, and produce new operation implication.Concrete condition is determined according to the definition of concrete application scenarios.
User is utilizing in the embodiment of the present invention various touch load modules adjacent to one another when multi-point touch system, can near the boundary line of difference touch load module, operate and realize multiple point touching operation by a hand, also can on two or more touch load module, operate by two hands, realize multiple point touching operation.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, do not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any any amendment of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in claim protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. a multi-point touch system, is characterized in that, comprising:
At least two physically independent touch load modules, touch signal integrated module and touch signal processing module;
Described touch load module, for receiving user's touch operation, generates and operates the first corresponding touch signal with described touch; Operation is transboundary supported in described touch operation, and described operation transboundary maintains an operation implication touching on load module, and is to operate the new operation implication producing transboundary due to what occur;
Touch signal integrated module, for receiving at least two described the first touch signals, processes described at least two described the first touch signals, generates the second touch signal; Described touch signal integrated module comprises the second touch signal generation unit, and described the second touch signal generation unit is for generating described the second touch signal according to the first touch signal source-information and the first touch signal temporal information according to the sequencing of each the first touch signal generation;
Touch signal processing module, is connected with described touch signal integrated module, for according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal being processed, generates and touches instruction, and based on described touch instruction, described system can generate by the output signal of user awareness.
2. multi-point touch system according to claim 1, described the first touch signal is specially: the first touch location signal and/or first touches strength signal.
3. multi-point touch system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described touch signal integrated module also comprises:
The first touch signal source record cell, for according to the corresponding relation between the described touch load module of each described the first touch signal and described each described the first touch signal of generation, record respectively corresponding the first touch signal source-information of each described the first touch signal;
The first touch signal time record cell, for recording respectively the first touch signal temporal information that generates each described the first touch signal; And
Described the first touch signal source record cell is connected with described the second touch signal generation unit, and described the first touch signal time record cell is connected with described the second touch signal generation unit.
4. multi-point touch system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described the first touch signal temporal information is specially: generate the start-stop time information of described the first touch signal, or generate the sequencing information of each described the first touch signal.
5. multi-point touch system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described touch signal processing module comprises:
Touch mode resolution unit, for resolving touch mode corresponding to described the second touch signal; With
Touch instruction generation unit, generate described touch instruction according to described touch mode.
6. multi-point touch system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described touch mode is specially any in following various pattern: single-point touches, multiple point touching, single touch track, many touch track.
7. multi-point touch system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described touch mode comprises: describe the second touch signal strength information of described the second touch signal intensity, and describe the second touch signal Strength Changes information of described the second touch signal Strength Changes.
8. a multi-point touch method, for comprising the multi-point touch system of at least two physically independent touch load modules, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Receive respectively the touch operation acting on each described touch load module, generate and operate the first corresponding touch signal with described touch; Operation is transboundary supported in described touch operation, and described operation transboundary maintains an operation implication touching on load module, and is to operate the new operation implication producing transboundary due to what occur;
At least two described the first touch signals are processed, generated the second touch signal; Be specially: generate described the second touch signal according to the first touch signal source-information and the first touch signal temporal information according to the sequencing of each described the first touch signal generation;
And, receive described the second touch signal, and according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal is processed, generate and touch instruction, based on described touch instruction, described system can generate by the output signal of user awareness.
9. multi-point touch method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described the first touch signal is specially: the first touch location signal and/or first touches strength signal.
10. multi-point touch method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described at least two described the first touch signals is processed, and comprises before generating the second touch signal:
According to the corresponding relation between the described touch load module of each described the first touch signal and described each described the first touch signal of generation, record respectively corresponding the first touch signal source-information of each described the first touch signal;
Record generates the first touch signal temporal information of each described the first touch signal respectively.
11. multi-point touch methods according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described the first touch signal temporal information is specially: generate the start-stop time information of described the first touch signal, or generate the sequencing information of each described the first touch signal.
12. according to the multi-point touch method described in claim 10 or 11, it is characterized in that, the step of described the second touch signal of described reception is specially:
Receive described the second touch signal according to time sequencing pointwise, or receive described the second touch signal according to time sequencing time segment.
13. multi-point touch methods according to claim 8, is characterized in that, describedly according to predetermined manner, described the second touch signal are processed, and generate the step that touches instruction and are specially:
Resolve touch mode corresponding to described the second touch signal, generate described touch instruction according to described touch mode.
14. multi-point touch methods according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described touch mode is specially any in following various pattern: single-point touches, multiple point touching, single touch track, many touch track.
15. multi-point touch methods according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, described touch mode comprises: describe the second touch signal strength information of described the second touch signal intensity, and describe the second touch signal Strength Changes information of described the second touch signal Strength Changes.
16. multi-point touch methods according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described output signal comprises: for carrying out the signal of control command, and for marking the signal of track, for showing the signal of image, or for playing the signal of music.
17. multi-point touch methods according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described touch operation is specially any or its combination of following various operations: multiple spot touches simultaneously, multiple spot is non-to be touched simultaneously, and multiple spot is clicked, and multiple spot is multi-hit, the centripetal motion of multiple spot, multiple spot outwards radiates motion, and multiple spot moves in the same way, the incorgruous motion of multiple spot, multiple spot is clicked and motion, multiple spot curvilinear motion, the combination of multiple spot detach Spline, multiple spot is across interface operation.
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