CN101699659A - Lens antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种透镜天线，包括装有馈源的金属喇叭(4)和透镜(1)；馈源嵌置于金属喇叭(4)直径较小的一端，透镜(1)嵌置于金属喇叭(4)直径较大的一端；透镜(1)包括芯板(2)；芯板(2)是平面介质板，其中一个平面上有若干芯板非谐振基本单元；每个芯板非谐振基本单元内印刷有一个芯板金属方框(5)；芯板非谐振基本单元的面积和芯板金属方框(5)的面积从芯板(2)的中心位置向边缘位置递减。由于芯板(2)是平板状，因而透镜(1)易于制作。另外，透镜(1)还包括匹配板(3)。匹配板(3)位于芯板(2)的两侧。它可以减少电磁波在透镜(1)和空气交界面上反射。

The invention relates to a lens antenna, which comprises a metal horn (4) and a lens (1) equipped with a feed source; the feed source is embedded in one end of the metal horn (4) with a smaller diameter, and the lens (1) is embedded in the metal horn (4) One end with larger diameter; lens (1) includes core plate (2); A core plate metal frame (5) is printed in the unit; the area of the core plate non-resonant basic unit and the area of the core plate metal frame (5) decrease gradually from the center position to the edge position of the core plate (2). Since the core plate (2) is flat, the lens (1) is easy to manufacture. In addition, the lens (1) also includes a matching plate (3). Matching plates (3) are located on both sides of the core plate (2). It can reduce the reflection of electromagnetic waves on the interface between the lens (1) and air.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种透镜天线a lens antenna

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种透镜天线，应用在微波中继通信、卫星通信等通信系统中接收和发送信息。The invention relates to a lens antenna, which is used in communication systems such as microwave relay communication and satellite communication to receive and send information.

背景技术Background technique

目前，常用的透镜天线中的透镜都带有弧形曲面。例如，申请号为97104401.5，名称为改进介质透镜减少内反射波干扰的透镜天线的专利文件，公开了一种透镜天线，包括一个锥形辐射器和一个装接在辐射器开口上的透镜，透镜在第一侧面有一面对自由空间的平面表面，而在相对于第一侧面的第二侧面有一旋转双曲面。申请号为200710140739.2，名称为一种无线电波透镜天线装置的专利文件，公开了一种透镜天线，包括有电介质形成的半球形龙伯透镜、设在该透镜的球的半球断面且比透镜直径尺寸大的反射板和由夹持器支撑的设在透镜焦点部的天线元件一体化地组合，而且，相对设置部设有安装部，与地面几乎垂直地将反射板安装在设置部。申请号为200480008809.3，名称为一种无线电波透镜天线设备的专利文件，公开了一种透镜天线，包括由电介质制成的半球形龙伯透镜，尺寸大于所述透镜直径的反射板，该反射板设置于平分球体的剖面上，该球体的一半为半球体；布置于所述透镜的焦点处的主馈源，以及用于固定所述主馈源的臂。在检索到的上述文献中，透镜天线中的透镜都是带有弧形曲面。这种透镜，对曲面精度要求很高，因此加工难度大。At present, the lenses in commonly used lens antennas all have curved surfaces. For example, the application number is 97104401.5, the patent document titled lens antenna for improving dielectric lens to reduce internal reflected wave interference, discloses a lens antenna, comprising a conical radiator and a lens mounted on the opening of the radiator, the lens On the first side there is a planar surface facing free space, and on the second side opposite to the first side there is a hyperboloid of revolution. The application number is 200710140739.2, and the patent document named a radio wave lens antenna device discloses a lens antenna, which includes a hemispherical Lunberg lens formed by a dielectric, a hemispherical section of the ball of the lens, and a diameter larger than the lens. The large reflector is integrally combined with the antenna element installed on the focal point of the lens supported by the holder, and a mounting part is provided opposite to the installation part, and the reflector is mounted on the installation part almost perpendicular to the ground. The application number is 200480008809.3, and the patent document named a radio wave lens antenna device discloses a lens antenna, which includes a hemispherical Lunberian lens made of a dielectric, a reflector whose size is larger than the diameter of the lens, and the reflector Arranged on the cross-section of a bisecting sphere, half of which is a hemisphere; a main feed arranged at the focal point of said lens, and an arm for fixing said main feed. In the retrieved documents mentioned above, the lenses in the lens antenna all have curved surfaces. This kind of lens has high requirements on the accuracy of the curved surface, so it is difficult to process.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种透镜天线，使透镜制作更加简易。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lens antenna, which makes the lens manufacturing easier.

为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

一种透镜天线，包括装有馈源的金属喇叭和透镜；该馈源嵌置于金属喇叭直径较小的一端，该透镜嵌置于金属喇叭直径较大的一端，所述的透镜包括芯板；该芯板是平面介质板，其中一个平面上有若干芯板非谐振基本单元；每个芯板非谐振基本单元内印刷有一个芯板金属方框；该芯板非谐振基本单元的面积和芯板金属方框的面积从芯板的中心位置向边缘位置递减。A lens antenna, comprising a metal horn with a feed source and a lens; the feed source is embedded in one end of the metal horn with a smaller diameter, the lens is embedded in an end with a larger diameter of the metal horn, and the lens includes a core plate ; The core board is a planar dielectric board, and there are several core board non-resonant basic units on one of the planes; each core board non-resonant basic unit is printed with a core board metal box; the area of the core board non-resonant basic unit and The area of the metal frame of the core plate decreases gradually from the center position to the edge position of the core plate.

所述芯板的两个平面上都有相互对应的若干芯板非谐振基本单元和芯板金属方框。There are several non-resonant basic units of the core board and metal square frames of the core board corresponding to each other on both planes of the core board.

所述的芯板数量至少是两块；相邻芯板之间固定连接，其印刷有芯板金属方框的平面朝向相同，并且相邻芯板之间留有空隙。The number of core boards is at least two; the adjacent core boards are fixedly connected, the planes printed with the metal frame of the core boards face the same direction, and there is a gap between the adjacent core boards.

所述的空隙是2毫米至4毫米。Said gap is 2 mm to 4 mm.

所述的空隙填充有泡沫。The void is filled with foam.

所述的透镜还包括匹配板，该匹配板是平面介质板，其中一个平面上有若干匹配板非谐振基本单元；每个匹配板非谐振基本单元内印刷有一个匹配板金属方框；该匹配板非谐振基本单元的面积和匹配板金属方框的面积从匹配板的中心位置向边缘位置递减；该匹配板至少两块，分别位于整个芯板的两侧，匹配板上印刷有匹配板金属方框的平面和芯板上印刷有芯板金属方框的平面相匹配；相邻匹配板和芯板之间固定连接，并且留有空隙；在芯板和匹配板相互对应的位置上，芯板金属方框和匹配板金属方框错位布置。The lens also includes a matching plate, which is a planar dielectric plate, and there are several matching plate non-resonant basic units on one of the planes; each matching plate non-resonant basic unit is printed with a matching plate metal box; the matching The area of the non-resonant basic unit of the plate and the area of the metal frame of the matching plate decrease from the center position of the matching plate to the edge position; there are at least two matching plates, which are respectively located on both sides of the entire core plate, and the matching plate metal frame is printed on the matching plate The plane of the box matches the plane of the core board metal frame printed on the core board; the adjacent matching board and the core board are fixedly connected, and there is a gap; at the position where the core board and the matching board correspond to each other, the core The sheet metal frame and the matching sheet metal frame are misplaced.

采用本发明的透镜天线的技术方案，具有以下有益效果：Adopting the technical solution of the lens antenna of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1、本发明的透镜天线制作简单，便于大规模制造。本发明是由人工电磁材料基本单元按一定的规律排列，构成折射率渐变的透镜天线，其采用的工艺为印刷电路板工艺。此透镜由若干层印刷电路板按固定间距固定在泡沫中，比聚苯乙烯介质透镜等传统透镜重量明显较小。此透镜天线为多层平面印刷电路板结构，比传统介质透镜的曲面结构，易于大规模制造、安装。1. The lens antenna of the present invention is simple to manufacture and is convenient for large-scale manufacture. In the invention, the basic units of artificial electromagnetic materials are arranged according to a certain rule to form a lens antenna with gradually changing refractive index, and the technology adopted is a printed circuit board technology. The lens consists of several layers of printed circuit boards held in foam at fixed intervals, and is significantly lighter than traditional lenses such as polystyrene dielectric lenses. The lens antenna is a multi-layer planar printed circuit board structure, which is easier to manufacture and install on a large scale than the curved surface structure of the traditional dielectric lens.

2、本发明的透镜天线具有设计灵活的优点。本透镜由人工电磁材料制作而成，通过调整其上基本单元尺寸，可以任意调节人工等效媒质的折射率和特性阻抗，实现透镜天线在设计上的灵活性。2. The lens antenna of the present invention has the advantage of flexible design. The lens is made of artificial electromagnetic materials. By adjusting the size of the basic unit on it, the refractive index and characteristic impedance of the artificial equivalent medium can be adjusted arbitrarily, so as to realize the flexibility in the design of the lens antenna.

3、本发明具有阻抗匹配的特点。在透镜两侧设置匹配板，以减少电磁波在透镜和空气交界面上，由于阻抗失配而引起的反射。匹配板明显减小了天线馈源的回波损耗。3. The present invention has the characteristic of impedance matching. Matching plates are arranged on both sides of the lens to reduce the reflection of electromagnetic waves caused by impedance mismatch on the interface between the lens and the air. The matching plate significantly reduces the return loss of the antenna feed.

4、本发明具有宽频带的特点。由于使用人工电磁材料基本结构为非谐振基本单元，在设计的X波段，即8GHz至12GHz内，由该基本单元构成的人工等效媒质的电磁特性对频率的响应不敏感，所以本发明具有宽频带特性。4. The present invention has the characteristics of wide frequency band. Because the basic structure of the artificial electromagnetic material is a non-resonant basic unit, in the designed X-band, i.e., 8GHz to 12GHz, the electromagnetic characteristics of the artificial equivalent medium formed by the basic unit are not sensitive to the frequency response, so the present invention has a broadband With characteristics.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明一种透镜天线的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens antenna according to the present invention.

图2是本发明一种透镜天线的剖面图。Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a lens antenna of the present invention.

图3是本发明中的芯板的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the core board in the present invention.

图4是本发明中的芯板中的一个非谐振基本单元的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-resonant basic unit in the core board of the present invention.

图5是本发明中的匹配板的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a matching plate in the present invention.

图6a为本发明的透镜中的非谐振基本单元的相对介电常数随其边长变化的分布规律图，其中工作频率是10GHz，d是非谐振基本单元的边长。Fig. 6a is a diagram showing the distribution law of the relative permittivity of the non-resonant basic unit as a function of its side length in the lens of the present invention, wherein the operating frequency is 10 GHz, and d is the side length of the non-resonant basic unit.

图6b为本发明的透镜中的非谐振基本单元的相对磁导率随其边长变化的分布规律图，其中工作频率是10GHz，d是非谐振基本单元的边长。Fig. 6b is a diagram showing the distribution law of the relative magnetic permeability of the non-resonant basic unit in the lens of the present invention as a function of its side length, wherein the operating frequency is 10 GHz, and d is the side length of the non-resonant basic unit.

图6c为本发明的透镜中的非谐振基本单元的相对波阻抗随其边长变化的分布规律图，其中工作频率是10GHz，d是非谐振基本单元的边长。Fig. 6c is a diagram showing the distribution law of the relative wave impedance of the non-resonant basic unit changing with its side length in the lens of the present invention, wherein the operating frequency is 10 GHz, and d is the side length of the non-resonant basic unit.

图6d为本发明的透镜中的非谐振基本单元的折射率随其边长变化的分布规律图，其中工作频率是10GHz，d是非谐振基本单元的边长。Fig. 6d is a diagram showing the distribution law of the refractive index of the non-resonant basic unit in the lens of the present invention as a function of its side length, wherein the operating frequency is 10 GHz, and d is the side length of the non-resonant basic unit.

图7为本发明的透镜天线的实测回波损耗图。FIG. 7 is a measured return loss diagram of the lens antenna of the present invention.

图8a为本发明的透镜天线的实测天线远场E面方向图，其中四条曲线的工作频率分别为8.2GHz、9.8GHz、10.6GHz、12.2GHz。Fig. 8a is the measured antenna far-field E-plane pattern of the lens antenna of the present invention, in which the operating frequencies of the four curves are 8.2GHz, 9.8GHz, 10.6GHz, and 12.2GHz, respectively.

图8b为本发明的透镜天线的实测天线远场H面方向图，其中四条曲线的工作频率分别为8.2GHz、9.8GHz、10.6GHz、12.2GHz。Fig. 8b is a measured antenna far-field H-plane pattern of the lens antenna of the present invention, in which the operating frequencies of the four curves are 8.2GHz, 9.8GHz, 10.6GHz, and 12.2GHz, respectively.

图中，1、透镜；2、芯板；3、匹配板；4、金属喇叭；5、芯板金属方框；6、匹配板金属方框。In the figure, 1. lens; 2. core board; 3. matching board; 4. metal horn; 5. metal frame of core board; 6. metal frame of matching board.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1和图2所示，本发明的一种透镜天线，包括装有馈源的金属喇叭4和透镜1，该馈源嵌置于金属喇叭4直径较小的一端，透镜1嵌置于金属喇叭4直径较大的一端。透镜1由人工电磁材料制成。透镜1可以仅包括芯板2。芯板2是平面介质板。因为透镜1采用平板状，没有弧形曲面，因此透镜1便于制造加工，其制造精度也便于操控。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of lens antenna of the present invention, comprises themetal horn 4 andlens 1 that feed source is housed, and this feed source is embedded in one end thatmetal horn 4 diameter is smaller, andlens 1 is embedded in One end of themetal horn 4 with a larger diameter. Thelens 1 is made of artificial electromagnetic material. Thelens 1 may only include thecore plate 2 . Thecore board 2 is a planar dielectric board. Because thelens 1 is flat and has no curved surface, thelens 1 is easy to manufacture and process, and its manufacturing accuracy is also easy to control.

如图3和图4所示，芯板2上含有若干芯板非谐振基本单元。该芯板非谐振基本单元既可以位于芯板2远离馈源的平面上，也可以位于芯板2靠近馈源的平面上，还可以同时位于芯板2的两个平面上。该芯板非谐振基本单元呈方形，中间印刷有一个芯板金属方框5。芯板非谐振基本单元的面积从芯板2的中心位置向边缘位置递减，芯板金属方框5的面积也相应的从芯板2的中心位置向边缘位置递减。当芯板2的两个平面上都有芯板非谐振基本单元时，芯板非谐振基本单元是相互对应的，芯板非谐振基本单元中的芯板金属方框5也是相互对应的。这样，芯板2上含有一系列面积不同的芯板非谐振基本单元，和一系列面积不同的芯板金属方框5。这些面积不同的芯板非谐振基本单元和芯板金属方框5，保证了透镜1的折射率按照一定的规律分布。As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , thecore board 2 contains several non-resonant basic units of the core board. The non-resonant basic unit of the core board can be located on the plane of thecore board 2 away from the feed source, or on the plane of thecore board 2 close to the feed source, or on two planes of thecore board 2 at the same time. The non-resonant basic unit of the core board is square, and a metalsquare frame 5 of the core board is printed in the middle. The area of the non-resonant basic unit of the core plate decreases gradually from the center position of thecore plate 2 to the edge position, and the area of themetal frame 5 of the core plate decreases correspondingly from the center position of thecore plate 2 to the edge position. When there are core non-resonant basic units on both planes of thecore board 2, the core non-resonant basic units correspond to each other, and thecore metal squares 5 in the core non-resonant basic units also correspond to each other. In this way, thecore plate 2 contains a series of core plate non-resonant basic units with different areas, and a series of core plate metalsquare frames 5 with different areas. These non-resonant basic units of the core plate with different areas and themetal frame 5 of the core plate ensure that the refractive index of thelens 1 is distributed according to a certain law.

芯板2的数量至少是一块。因为一块芯板2厚度有限，所以为达到设计要求，可以同时使用多块芯板2。当采用多块芯板2的时候，各芯板2上的芯板非谐振基本单元相互对应，并且其上的芯板金属方框5也相互对应。同时，当使用多块芯板2时，芯板2上印刷有芯板金属框5的平面朝向相同，都是远离馈源的一面，或者都是靠近馈源的一面。对于双面都印刷芯板金属框5的芯板2，其任何安装方式，朝向皆满足要求。这样，每块芯板2都有相同的折射率分布规律。当采用多块芯板2时，相邻芯板2之间固定连接，并且相邻芯板2之间留有空隙。相邻芯板2间应该保留2毫米至4毫米的空隙。为保证空隙固定不变，相邻芯板2之间可以填充泡沫。这样，由于泡沫的存在，相邻芯板2之间就不会接触。The number ofcore boards 2 is at least one. Because the thickness of onecore board 2 is limited,multiple core boards 2 can be used at the same time in order to meet design requirements. When multiplecore boards 2 are used, the core board non-resonant basic units on eachcore board 2 correspond to each other, and the core board metalsquare frames 5 thereon also correspond to each other. At the same time, when multiplecore boards 2 are used, the planes on which the core board metal frames 5 are printed on thecore boards 2 face the same direction, which is the side away from the feed source, or the side close to the feed source. For thecore board 2 with the coreboard metal frame 5 printed on both sides, any installation method and orientation can meet the requirements. In this way, eachcore plate 2 has the same refractive index distribution law. When multiplecore boards 2 are used,adjacent core boards 2 are fixedly connected, and gaps are left between adjacentcore boards 2 . A gap of 2 mm to 4 mm should be reserved between 2 adjacent core boards. In order to ensure that the gap remains constant, foam can be filled between adjacentcore boards 2 . In this way, due to the existence of the foam, there will be no contact betweenadjacent core plates 2 .

为了减小电磁波在透镜1表面反射，提高天线效率，透镜1还包括匹配板3。如图5所示，该匹配板3的结构与芯板2的结构相同，都是平面介质板，含有匹配板非谐振基本单元。该匹配板非谐振基本单元既可以位于匹配板3远离馈源的平面上，也可以位于匹配板3靠近馈源的平面上，还可以同时位于匹配板3的两个平面上。该匹配板非谐振基本单元呈方形，中间印刷有匹配板金属方框6。匹配板3上的匹配板非谐振基本单元的面积从匹配板3的中心位置向边缘位置递减。相应的，匹配板金属方框6面积也从匹配板3的中心位置向边缘位置递减。In order to reduce the reflection of electromagnetic waves on the surface of thelens 1 and improve the efficiency of the antenna, thelens 1 also includes amatching plate 3 . As shown in FIG. 5 , the structure of the matchingboard 3 is the same as that of thecore board 2 , both of which are planar dielectric boards and include a non-resonant basic unit of the matching board. The non-resonant basic unit of the matching board can be located on the plane of the matchingboard 3 away from the feed source, or on the plane of the matchingboard 3 close to the feed source, or on two planes of the matchingboard 3 at the same time. The non-resonant basic unit of the matching plate is in the shape of a square, and a metalsquare frame 6 of the matching plate is printed in the middle. The area of the matching plate non-resonant basic unit on thematching plate 3 decreases gradually from the center position to the edge position of thematching plate 3 . Correspondingly, the area of themetal frame 6 of the matching plate also decreases gradually from the center position to the edge position of thematching plate 3 .

由于芯板2和匹配版3的参数不一样，所以在芯板2和匹配板3相互对应的位置上，芯板2上的芯板非谐振基本单元的对称中心和匹配板3上的匹配板非谐振基本单元的对称中心不在同一条直线上，即芯板2上的芯板非谐振基本单元和匹配板3上的匹配板非谐振基本单元错位布置。相应的，匹配板金属方框6的对称中心和芯板金属框5的对称中心也不在同一条直线上，即芯板金属方框5和匹配板金属方框6错位布置。Since the parameters of thecore plate 2 and thematching plate 3 are different, at the position where thecore plate 2 and thematching plate 3 correspond to each other, the symmetry center of the non-resonant basic unit of the core plate on thecore plate 2 and the matching plate on thematching plate 3 The symmetry centers of the non-resonant basic units are not on the same straight line, that is, the non-resonant basic units of the core board on thecore board 2 and the non-resonant basic units of the matching board on the matchingboard 3 are misplaced. Correspondingly, the center of symmetry of themetal frame 6 of the matching plate and the center of symmetry of themetal frame 5 of the core plate are not on the same straight line, that is, themetal frame 5 of the core plate and themetal frame 6 of the matching plate are misplaced.

该匹配板3布置在整个芯板2的两侧，可以各布置1块，也可以各布置多块。当布置多块匹配板3的时候，所有匹配板3上的匹配板非谐振基本单元相互对应，并且其上的匹配板金属方框6也相互对应。这样，每块匹配板3都有相同的折射率分布规律。匹配板3上印刷有匹配板金属方框6的平面和芯板2上印刷有芯板金属方框5的平面朝向相同。当其两面都印刷金属方框的时候，该匹配板或者芯板的朝向皆满足匹配要求。也就是说，匹配板3上印刷有匹配板金属方框6的平面和芯板2上印刷有芯板金属方框5的平面相匹配；The matchingboards 3 are arranged on both sides of theentire core board 2 , and one or more matching boards can be arranged respectively. When a plurality of matchingboards 3 are arranged, the matching board non-resonant basic units on all matchingboards 3 correspond to each other, and the matching board metal frames 6 thereon also correspond to each other. In this way, each matchingplate 3 has the same refractive index distribution law. The plane on which the matchingboard metal frame 6 is printed on the matchingboard 3 and the plane on thecore board 2 on which the coreboard metal frame 5 is printed face the same direction. When the metal frame is printed on both sides, the orientation of the matching board or the core board meets the matching requirements. That is to say, the plane on which the matchingboard metal frame 6 is printed on the matchingboard 3 matches the plane on thecore board 2 on which the coreboard metal frame 5 is printed;

匹配板3的布置，以在整个芯板2两侧对称布置两块为佳。相邻匹配板3之间，以及相邻匹配板3和芯板2之间固定连接，并且留有空隙。当然，此空隙中可以填充泡沫，以避免相邻匹配板3之间接触，或者相邻匹配板3和芯板2之间接触。It is better to arrange twomatching boards 3 symmetrically on both sides of thewhole core board 2 . Theadjacent matching boards 3 and between theadjacent matching boards 3 and thecore board 2 are fixedly connected with gaps. Of course, the gap can be filled with foam to avoid contact betweenadjacent matching boards 3 , or contact betweenadjacent matching boards 3 and thecore board 2 .

芯板2和匹配板3的边缘轮廓根据与其匹配的金属喇叭形状而定，可以是圆形，也可以是矩形。通常，金属喇叭4两端是空心圆柱，中间是过渡空心圆台。透镜1镶嵌直径较大的空心圆柱内，所以直径较大的空心圆柱内径与透镜1直径相等。在这种结构的金属喇叭4中，芯板2和匹配板3呈圆形。采用这种结构的透镜天线，芯板2的折射率n_core函数n_core(r)为The edge profiles of thecore board 2 and the matchingboard 3 are determined according to the shape of the matching metal horn, and may be circular or rectangular. Usually, the two ends of themetal horn 4 are hollow cylinders, and the middle is a transitional hollow circular platform. Thelens 1 is embedded in a hollow cylinder with a larger diameter, so the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder with a larger diameter is equal to the diameter of thelens 1 . In themetal horn 4 of this structure, thecore plate 2 and thematching plate 3 are circular. With the lens antenna of this structure, the refractive index n_core function n_core (r) of thecore plate 2 is

$n_{\mathrm{core}}\left(r\right)=\frac{8}{25}+\frac{9}{5}n\left(r\right)-\frac{4}{25}\sqrt{4+45n\left(r\right)},$公式1${\mathrm{no}}_{\mathrm{core}}\left(r\right)=\frac{8}{25}+\frac{9}{5}\mathrm{no}\left(r\right)-\frac{4}{25}\sqrt{4+45\mathrm{no}\left(r\right)},$Formula 1

匹配板3的折射率n_IML的函数n_IML(r)为The function n_IML (r) of the refractive index n_IML of thematching plate 3 is

$n_{\mathrm{IML}}\left(r\right)=\sqrt{n_{\mathrm{core}}\left(r\right)},$公式2${\mathrm{no}}_{\mathrm{IML}}\left(r\right)=\sqrt{{\mathrm{no}}_{\mathrm{core}}\left(r\right)},$Formula 2

其中，n(r)为不考虑匹配层时的整个透镜的折射率分布函数：Among them, n(r) is the refractive index distribution function of the whole lens without considering the matching layer:

$n\left(r\right)=n_0-\frac{\sqrt{(r^2+S^2)}-S}{T},$公式3$\mathrm{no}\left(r\right)={\mathrm{no}}_0-\frac{\sqrt{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; label="r"\; filenames="H2009102135055E0000012.png,H2009102135055E0000032.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}^2+S^2)}-S}{T},$Formula 3

R为圆柱形透镜的半径；S为圆柱形透镜的焦距；T为圆柱形透镜的厚度；r为圆柱形透镜上任意一点到圆柱轴心的距离，0≤r≤R；n₀是不考虑匹配层时，透镜圆心处的折射率，即r＝0时的折射率，为常数，一般，1.5≤n₀≤2.5；n_IML(r)，n_core(r)是考虑匹配层之后，整个透镜折射率分布函数。R is the radius of the cylindrical lens; S is the focal length of the cylindrical lens; T is the thickness of the cylindrical lens; r is the distance from any point on the cylindrical lens to the axis of the cylinder, 0≤r≤R; n₀ is not considered During the matching layer, the refractive index at the center of the lens, that is, the refractive index when r=0, is a constant, generally, 1.5≤n₀ ≤2.5; n_IML (r), n_core (r) is after considering the matching layer, the entire Lens refractive index distribution function.

图6a至图6d表示，当芯板2或者匹配板3上的非谐振基本单元边长由边缘位置的0.6mm变化到中心位置的2.7mm时，非谐振基本单元相关性能参数的变化。其中，实线是实部，虚线是虚部。当虚部很小的时候，损耗就很小，可以忽略不计。一般无损耗情况下，所指非谐振基本单元的性能参数数值就是实部。图6a所示，非谐振基本单元等效介电常数由1.6变到6.0；图6b所示，等效磁导率由1变化到0.85；图6c所示，特性阻抗由0.85变化到0.4；图6d所示，折射率由1.15变化到2.25。由此可见，用该非谐振基本单元实现的折射率符合公式1、2、3的分布。Figures 6a to 6d show that when the side length of the non-resonant basic unit on thecore board 2 or the matchingboard 3 changes from 0.6mm at the edge to 2.7mm at the center, the changes in the relevant performance parameters of the non-resonant basic unit. Among them, the solid line is the real part, and the dashed line is the imaginary part. When the imaginary part is small, the loss is so small that it can be ignored. Generally, under the condition of no loss, the value of the performance parameter of the referred non-resonant basic unit is the real part. As shown in Figure 6a, the equivalent dielectric constant of the non-resonant basic unit changes from 1.6 to 6.0; as shown in Figure 6b, the equivalent magnetic permeability changes from 1 to 0.85; as shown in Figure 6c, the characteristic impedance changes from 0.85 to 0.4; 6d, the refractive index changes from 1.15 to 2.25. It can be seen that the refractive index achieved by the non-resonant basic unit conforms to the distribution offormulas 1, 2, and 3.

如图7所示，本发明在透镜1两侧增加匹配板3，减小了电磁波在透镜1与空气间的反射，使回波损耗S11在8GHz至12GHz频段内保持-13dB以下。这保证了天线拥有40％的阻抗带宽。As shown in Figure 7, the present invention adds matchingplates 3 on both sides of thelens 1, which reduces the reflection of electromagnetic waves between thelens 1 and the air, and keeps the return loss S11 below -13dB in the 8GHz to 12GHz frequency band. This ensures that the antenna has a 40% impedance bandwidth.

如图8a和图8b所示，在本发明的透镜天线的实测天线远场E面方向图和H面方向图中，在8.2GHz至12.2GHz的频带内，副瓣在E面保持在-17dB以下，在H面保持在-24dB以下，天线在整个X波段上保持低副瓣。同时，随着频率增高，天线等效口径面相对变大，半功率波瓣宽度变窄，天线在整个X波段上保持高定向性。由此可见，天线远场性能优良，完全可用于卫星通信或微波中继通信等通信系统中。As shown in Fig. 8a and Fig. 8b, in the far-field E plane pattern and H plane pattern of the measured antenna of the lens antenna of the present invention, in the frequency band from 8.2GHz to 12.2GHz, the side lobe remains at -17dB on the E plane Below, the H-plane stays below -24dB, and the antenna maintains low sidelobes throughout the X-band. At the same time, as the frequency increases, the equivalent aperture surface of the antenna becomes relatively larger, the half-power lobe width becomes narrower, and the antenna maintains high directivity in the entire X-band. It can be seen that the antenna has excellent far-field performance and can be completely used in communication systems such as satellite communication or microwave relay communication.

Claims (9)

1. a lens antenna comprises metal loudspeaker (4) and lens (1) that feed is housed; This feed is embedded at the less end of metal loudspeaker (4) diameter, and these lens (1) are embedded at the bigger end of metal loudspeaker (4) diameter, it is characterized in that described lens (1) comprise central layer (2); This central layer (2) is the planar medium plate, and some central layer disresonance elementary cells are arranged on one of them plane; Be printed with a central layer metal square frame (5) in each central layer disresonance elementary cell; The area of the area of this central layer disresonance elementary cell and central layer metal square frame (5) successively decreases to marginal position from the center of central layer (2).

2. according to the described lens antenna of claim 1, it is characterized in that the some central layer disresonance elementary cells and the central layer metal square frame (5) of mutual correspondence all arranged on two planes of described central layer (2).

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described lens antennas, it is characterized in that described central layer (2) quantity is two at least; Fixedly connected between the adjacent central layer (2), its plane that is printed with central layer metal square frame (5) is towards identical, and leaves the space between the adjacent central layer (2).

4. according to the described lens antenna of claim 3, it is characterized in that described space is 2 millimeters to 4 millimeters.

5. according to the described lens antenna of claim 4, it is characterized in that described space is filled with foam.

6. according to the described lens antenna of claim 5, it is characterized in that described lens (1) also comprise matching disc (3), this matching disc (3) is the planar medium plate, and some matching disc disresonance elementary cells are arranged on one of them plane; Be printed with a matching disc metal square frame (6) in each matching disc disresonance elementary cell; The area of the area of this matching disc disresonance elementary cell and matching disc metal square frame (6) successively decreases to marginal position from the center of matching disc (3); (3) at least two of this matching discs lay respectively at the both sides of whole central layer (2), are printed with the plane that is printed with central layer metal square frame (5) on the plane of matching disc metal square frame (6) and the central layer (2) on the matching disc (3) and are complementary; Fixedly connected between adjacent matching disc (3) and the central layer (2), and leave the space; On central layer (2) and the mutual corresponding position of matching disc (3), central layer metal square frame (5) and matching disc metal square frame (6) dislocation are arranged.

7. according to the described lens antenna of claim 6, it is characterized in that the matching disc disresonance elementary cell and the matching disc metal square frame (6) of mutual correspondence all arranged on (3) two planes of described matching disc.

8. according to the described lens antenna of claim 6, it is characterized in that described matching disc (3) has four, be arranged symmetrically in the both sides of whole central layer (2) respectively, and adjacent matching disc is filled with foam between (3), is filled with foam between adjacent matching disc (3) and the central layer (2).

9. according to the described lens antenna of claim 7, it is characterized in that described matching disc (3) has four, be arranged symmetrically in the both sides of whole central layer (2) respectively, and adjacent matching disc is filled with foam between (3), is filled with foam between adjacent matching disc (3) and the central layer (2).

Images