Background technology
Elevator has two states in running: i.e. " electric operation " state and " generator operation " state.In the fully loaded upwards lifting process of elevator, elevator is in motor-operated running state (electric energy changes mechanical energy into), main power source is usually by the power supply of commercial power (as the 380V alternating current) as continued power, in order to guarantee that elevator can normal flat bed when the instant cut-off, need the configuration uninterrupted power supply, in order to guarantee that elevator can normally move, and all disposes stand-by power supply (as house generator) on elevator device when having a power failure; And in elevator landing process downwards; motor is in generator operation state (mechanical energy changes electric energy into); electric energy by the power converter output module fly-wheel diode and be rectified into direct current; be added in then on the dc bus of frequency converter; the voltage of dc bus is raise; if can not in time these electric energy be discharged, elevator will break down protection and can't normally use.Too high in order to prevent busbar voltage, all be that the electric energy that sends when adopting brake unit that elevator is descended is released on the resistance in the past, this moment, electric energy changed heat energy into, and its heat release is the space around, forms secondary pollution; In like manner, unloaded uplink and downlink, on the contrary then, promptly go up the behavior generating state, following behavior motoring condition, its principle is with last identical.In recent years, then adopt the inversion feedback unit the electric energy another mistake that has discharged become with frequently, the sine wave of homophase feeds back to self electrical network and utilizes, but, there is major defect in this mode---noise and harmonic pollution power supply and surrounding space, disturb the normal operation of self system and near equipment.
At present, the elevator manufacturer uses as traditional chemical batteries such as lead acid accumulator, nickel-hydrogen accumulator and nickel cadmium cells usually as the elevator stand-by power supply, this class batteries to store energy is the chemical reaction that relies on electrode, and dynamic performance is relatively poor, the mechanical energy storage in the time of can not guaranteeing timely and effectively elevator to be descended, cause energy waste, therefore, use this class storage battery as stand-by power supply, its useful life is short, need periodic replacement, also can cause certain pollution environment.Along with The development in society and economy, people more and more pay close attention to for green energy resource and biological environment, ultracapacitor (is called again: electrochemical capacitor) as a kind of novel energy storage device, because the energy force rate ordinary capacitor height of store charge, and have that the speed of discharging and recharging is fast, efficient is high, environmentally safe, the superiority that has extended cycle life etc. and can not be substituted, need in the design of high power, high efficiency solution at some, the engineer has begun to adopt ultracapacitor to replace traditional battery.
If any the patent No. is that the Chinese invention patent " a kind of novel energy-conserving elevator " of ZL200410054284.9 discloses a kind of use ultracapacitor as accessory power supply and stand-by power supply, ultracapacitor can effectively be released energy and energy storage when elevator starts and descend, reach purpose of energy saving; Simultaneously, can guarantee that elevator will be trapped near passenger in the elevator floor being transported in the power cut-off incident safely in burst.And for example to be that 200580023344.3 Chinese invention patent " as the power supply of energy-saving appliance in the elevator device and emergency power supply " discloses a kind of with the method and apparatus of the required power storage of elevator device in the ultracapacitor for application number, and ultracapacitor can be used as the redundant electrical power under the emergency condition (as power failure).When motor load hour, ultracapacitor is in charged state, and is big or during when power failure, ultracapacitor release electric energy is used for motor when motor load.But, in above-mentioned two patents, giving the main power source of elevator continued power still is traditional AC power, elevator main power source system still depends on electrical network, and the reliability and stability of electrical network have determined the runnability of elevator, in the most of the time of the normal operation of elevator, ultracapacitor is not worked, the energy that is stored in the super capacitor also must discharge after being full of electricity, or adopts the storage battery secondary to store, and causes resource and waste of electric energy; In addition; above-mentioned patent is because ultracapacitor only uses as accessory power supply and stand-by power supply; only under the situation of elevator generation power failure or outage, just give elevator supply; ultracapacitor stores the electric energy of elevator generation in service; though reached the purpose that protection main power source and electric energy feedback utilize, on the elevator main power equipment and auxiliary power unit to be set simultaneously, make power-supply system bulky; and need complex peripheral circuit such as voltage regulator, increased cost.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of to need not the traditional utilities continued power and can realize the micro power consumption elevator that power cycles is utilized effectively at above-mentioned prior art present situation.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: this micro power consumption elevator includes
One motor drags the upstream or downstream of lift car;
One frequency converter is used to drive described machine operation, and this frequency converter includes electrode input end, negative input, frequency division card input and three-phase output end, and the three-phase output end of this frequency converter links to each other with the three-phase input end of described motor respectively; And
One encoder, realization is to the closed-loop control of described motor, in order to detecting the operating state of described motor, and the working state signal of this motor is fed back to described frequency converter, this encoder has a signal output part that links to each other with the frequency division card input of described frequency converter;
It is characterized in that: also include
One ultracapacitor assembly, in order to give described inverter supply, and combine by the connection in series-parallel of a plurality of ultracapacitor monomer, and, this ultracapacitor assembly has positive pole and negative pole, the positive pole of this ultracapacitor assembly links to each other with the electrode input end of described frequency converter, the negative pole of this ultracapacitor assembly links to each other with the negative input of described frequency converter, be under the generating state at described motor, this ultracapacitor assembly stores the electric energy that described motor produces under generating state, be under the motoring condition at described motor, this ultracapacitor assembly provides operation required electric energy for described motor;
One energy supplementary device is connected the positive pole and the negative pole two ends of described ultracapacitor assembly, and gives this ultracapacitor assembly charging when the operating voltage of described ultracapacitor assembly is lower than the design voltage lower limit.
In order to detect the operating voltage of ultracapacitor assembly at any time, and when undertension, give the timely electric energy supplement of ultracapacitor assembly, as preferably, described energy supplementary device includes voltage monitoring equipment and quick charge device, described voltage monitoring equipment is in order to monitor the height of described ultracapacitor assembly terminal voltage, when the terminal voltage of described ultracapacitor assembly was lower than the lower limit of described design voltage, described quick charge device carried out quick charge to described ultracapacitor assembly; When the terminal voltage of described ultracapacitor assembly reached the higher limit of described design voltage, described quick charge device stopped the charging to described ultracapacitor assembly.
As further preferred, described voltage monitoring equipment includes a monitoring ic, is connected across between two buses that are connected with described ultracapacitor assembly, is used to detect the voltage height between the described bus; One drive circuit receives the triggering signal of described monitoring ic, and realizes the conducting of this drive circuit or end under the control of this triggering signal; And a control switch, in the circuit turn-on or the disconnection that realize under the control of described monitoring ic between described quick charge device and the described voltage monitoring equipment;
When described busbar voltage is lower than the lower limit of described design voltage, described monitoring ic send high level, described drive circuit conducting also drives described control switch closure, described quick charge device charges to described ultracapacitor assembly; When described busbar voltage was higher than the higher limit of described design voltage, described monitoring ic sent low level, and described drive circuit ends and drives described control switch to be opened, and described quick charge device stops to described ultracapacitor assembly charging.
In order to control the work of quick charge device effectively, described control switch is a group relay contact switch, the relay that is provided with this relay contact closure of control in the described drive circuit or opens.
The energy of described quick charge device can adopt energy-saving electric power, as solar energy or wind energy, also can be mains supply, as 220V one-way communication electricity or 380V three-phase alternating current.
Described frequency converter be one on common ac-dc-ac frequency converter basis, carry out improved straight-ac frequency converter, promptly remove the alternating current-direct current modulation conversion module of ac-dc-ac frequency converter, and the direct current that uses this ac-dc-ac frequency converter arrives the interchange modular converter, particularly, should straight-ac frequency converter include a variable frequency control module and an Intelligent Power Module that links to each other with described motor that is connected with described frequency division card input, wherein, the both positive and negative polarity input of described variable frequency control module links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of described ultracapacitor assembly respectively, this variable frequency control module is the three-phase modulations alternating current with the dc inverter of described ultracapacitor assembly output, and this variable frequency control module is regulated the output frequency and the electric current of described three-phase modulations alternating current automatically according to the load variations of the described motor of described frequency division card input feedback; Described Intelligent Power Module) the three-phase modulations alternating current output of the described variable frequency control module of connection, and the three-phase modulations alternating current exported to described motor, wherein, described Intelligent Power Module includes the two ends fly-wheel diode of connection bus respectively, the input of this Intelligent Power Module connects the both positive and negative polarity of described ultracapacitor assembly respectively, and the three-phase output end that the output of this Intelligent Power Module is described frequency converter links to each other with the three-phase input end of described motor respectively.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: adopt the ultracapacitor assembly that combines by the connection in series-parallel of a plurality of ultracapacitor monomer as main power source carrier to the elevator continued power, this ultracapacitor assembly is when elevator generator operation or braking, can store the electric energy that motor sends, when the elevator electric operation, can be elevator again provides the electric energy of continuous service, make and need not to be provided with brake unit (or brake resistance) in the elevator, also need not to be provided with specially the retracting device of an inverter as energy regeneration, both save equipment cost, avoided thermal pollution that produces by brake unit and harmonic wave and the noise pollution that produces by inverter again;
In addition, consider in the running process of elevator owing to overcoming the pettiness energy loss that frictional resistance consumes, also be provided with energy supplementary device, and adopt green clean energy resource, give the loss of ultracapacitor assembly electric energy supplement as solar energy, wind energy etc., also can give ultracapacitor assembly electric energy supplement, guarantee the electricity consumption reliability in the running process of elevator by the civil power (220V or 380V) of mains supply.Because the ultracapacitor assembly both can be used as energy-storage travelling wave tube and had used, can be used as battery again and use, can make full use of the electric energy that sends in the running process of elevator, realized that the energy is recycling effectively, more energy-conservation and environmental protection.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
With respect to the elevator of traditional employing electrical network civil power as the continued power power supply, the elevator of present embodiment adopts a kind of novel energy storage means---and ultracapacitor is as the power supply main power source, ultracapacitor claims capacitor with super capacity again, gold capacitor, gold electric capacity, storage capacitor, farad capacitor, (English name is EDLC for electrochemical capacitor or double electric layer capacitor, be Electric Double Layer Capacitors), be to come the model electrochemical device of storage of electrical energy by polarization electrolyte, it is the novel power-type energy-storage travelling wave tube that occurs along with the breakthrough of material science the nearly more than ten years.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, be the elevator work theory diagram of present embodiment and the circuit theory diagrams of correspondence.This elevator includes
Permagnetic synchronous motor M is used to drive rising or the decline of lift car M1, for weight balancing, also is provided with counterweight M2 and car M1 on the motor M and keeps stress balance;
Frequency converter B, be used for dragging motor M work, this frequency converter B includes frequency division card input S, electrode input end P, negative input N and three-phase output end U, V, W, and three-phase output end U, the V of this frequency converter, W link to each other with the three-phase input end of motor M respectively;
Encoder PG, be installed in the closed-loop control that also realizes on the motor M main shaft motor M, in order to detect the operating state of motor M, and the working state signal of this motor M fed back to frequency converter B, this encoder PG is fixedly installed on the motor M, and encoder PG also has a signal output part t who links to each other by signal cable with the frequency division card input S of frequency converter B;
Ultracapacitor assembly F, in order to give described frequency converter B power supply, realize the startup and the operation of elevator, this ultracapacitor assembly F is by a plurality of ultracapacitor monomer (C11, C21, Cn1) connection in series-parallel combines, be precharged to the higher limit of design voltage before use, referring to Fig. 4, wherein, ultracapacitor assembly F has positive pole and negative pole, the positive pole of this ultracapacitor assembly F and the electrode input end P of frequency converter B link to each other, the negative pole of this ultracapacitor assembly F and the negative input N of frequency converter B link to each other, be under generating or the on-position in motor M, this ultracapacitor assembly F stores the electric energy that motor produces under generating or on-position, under motor M is in motoring condition, ultracapacitor assembly F discharges electric energy, provides operation required electric energy to motor M; And
Energy supplementary device A is connected positive pole and the negative pole two ends of ultracapacitor assembly F, and gives this ultracapacitor assembly F charging when the operating voltage of ultracapacitor assembly F is lower than the design voltage lower limit.The design voltage here is the voltage range that between design voltage higher limit and design voltage lower limit can guarantee the normal operation of elevator, when the voltage of ultracapacitor assembly F reaches when limiting on the design voltage, energy supplementary device A stops to charge to ultracapacitor assembly F, when the voltage of ultracapacitor assembly F is lower than the design voltage lower limit, at this moment, energy supplementary device A need give ultracapacitor assembly F charging with electric energy supplement.
As shown in Figure 3, energy supplementary device A circuit theory diagrams for present embodiment, this energy supplementary device A includes voltage monitoring equipment H and quick charge device E, voltage monitoring equipment H is in order to the height of monitoring ultracapacitor assembly F terminal voltage, when the terminal voltage of ultracapacitor assembly F was lower than the design voltage lower limit, quick charge device E carried out quick charge to ultracapacitor assembly F; When the terminal voltage of ultracapacitor assembly F reached the design voltage higher limit, quick charge device E stopped the charging to ultracapacitor assembly F;
Wherein, quick charge device E preferentially can adopt the power supply of the clean environment firendly energy, as solar energy or wind energy, also can be in particular 220V one-way communication electricity or 380V three-phase alternating current by the mains-supplied of electrical network access;
Voltage monitoring equipment H includes:
Monitoring ic IC is connected across between two buses that connect ultracapacitor assembly F, is used to detect the voltage height between the bus;
Drive circuit T receives the triggering signal of monitoring ic IC, and realizes the conducting of this drive circuit T or end under the control of this triggering signal; And
Control switch K, realize circuit turn-on or disconnection between quick charge device E and the voltage monitoring equipment H, control switch K is a group relay contact switch, correspondingly, is provided with the relay J that this relay contact switch of control is closed or open in drive circuit T.
When busbar voltage was higher than the design voltage lower limit, monitoring ic IC sent high level, drive circuit T conducting, and the relay drive controlling K switch closure in this drive circuit T, quick charge device E charges to ultracapacitor assembly F;
When busbar voltage was lower than the design voltage higher limit, monitoring ic IC sent low level, and drive circuit T ends, and the relay drive controlling K switch in this drive circuit T is opened, and quick charge device E stops to charge to ultracapacitor assembly F.
As Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, be embodiments of the invention one and enforcement two, the difference of two embodiment is, the quick charge device E of embodiment one adopts the environment-friendly type energy such as solar energy or wind energy to give ultracapacitor assembly F, and embodiment adopts the alternating current that is inserted by electrical network to give ultracapacitor assembly F charging after rectification.
Wherein, the frequency converter B of embodiment one for always-ac frequency converter, be remove on the basis of existing ac-dc-ac frequency converter hand over straight modulation module after improved frequency converter, this right angle frequency converter directly is connected on the output of ultracapacitor assembly; And, should include variable frequency control module b1 and Intelligent Power Module b2 by straight-ac frequency converter, the positive-negative input end of variable frequency control module b1 is connected the both positive and negative polarity of ultracapacitor assembly F, this variable frequency control module b1 can be the three-phase modulations alternating current with the dc inverter of this ultracapacitor assembly F output, and variable frequency control module b1 can also regulate three-phase modulations alternating current output frequency and electric current automatically according to the motor M load variations of frequency division card input S feedback;
Intelligent Power Module b2 includes the two ends fly-wheel diode of connection bus respectively, the positive-negative input end of this Intelligent Power Module b2 links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of ultracapacitor assembly F, and the output of this Intelligent Power Module b2 is three-phase output end U, the V of frequency converter B, W carries out K switch through controlALink to each other with the three-phase input end of motor M respectively, the three-phase alternating current that this Intelligent Power Module b2 is used for being produced by variable frequency control module b1 passes to motor M, and receives the electric current that produces simultaneously when motor M is in generating state.
When elevator is in motor-operated running state (when promptly unloaded decline moves), ultracapacitor assembly F directly provides electric energy as the power supply main power source, electric current outputs to motor M via Intelligent Power Module b2 three-phase output end U, V, the W of frequency converter B, and drags car M1 operation;
When elevator is in generator operation state (when promptly unloaded rising moves), the unnecessary electric energy that motor M is sent enters into Intelligent Power Module b2 by motor through three-phase output end U, V, the W of frequency converter B, and flow to dc bus by the fly-wheel diode in this Intelligent Power Module b2, and then realize that charging to ultracapacitor assembly F, ultracapacitor assembly F store electric energy that elevator sends and the power supply during as elevator electric operation next time.
So, adopt this mode both to realize the recycling of electric energy, avoided adopting of the transition loss of other components and parts again as energy-storage travelling wave tube, whole process does not have any pollution.Along with of the application of present ultracapacitor in fields such as electric automobile, fuel combination automobiles; and the continuous development of ultracapacitor manufacturing process; the capacity of ultracapacitor assembly F is can approach infinity big; and because voltage can not sport the intrinsic characteristic of electric capacity; when motor under the generator operation state and when giving the charging of ultracapacitor assembly, the ultracapacitor assembly can not need overvoltage protection because immediate current is excessive.
In addition, elevator is in the long-time running process, because the frictional dissipation of machinery and air-flow, needing to give the ultracapacitor assembly to replenish a spot of electric energy (only is about the 10-20% of elevator energy consumption, relevant with service condition), promptly when busbar voltage drops to the design voltage lower limit, voltage monitoring equipment H drive controlling K switch closure, quick charge device is realized the quick charge to ultracapacitor assembly F, when voltage rises to the design voltage higher limit, control switch K automatic disconnection, charging finishes, and enters operation circulation next time.
Embodiment two is for utilizing the transformation embodiment of existing elevator structure.We remove external brake unit circuit of the prior art and external power consumption resistance, ultracapacitor assembly F is removed and be replaced by to original filtering capacitor that is connected in parallel on the dc bus, the method of attachment of ultracapacitor assembly F is identical with filtering capacitor, and, anode and frequency converter B with original power input three-phase commutation bridge D output circuit ' the bus anode disconnect, be connected in series voltage monitoring equipment H simultaneously, control switch K is serially connected among the voltage monitoring equipment H, the n end of the positive termination control switch K of rectifier bridge D, the m of control switch K end and frequency converter B ' bus anode P be connected, the earth terminal of voltage monitoring equipment H is connected with the negative terminal of ultracapacitor assembly F, referring to Fig. 6; The connected mode of encoder PG is identical with embodiment one, and output U, the V of ac-dc-ac frequency converter B ', W carry out K switch through controlABe connected with motor M, present embodiment is through the frequency converter B after reequiping ' identical with embodiment one, include variable frequency control module b1 ' and Intelligent Power Module b2 ' too.
When elevator was in motor-operated running state, F provided lasting electric energy by the ultracapacitor assembly, and electric current is through frequency converter B ' output to motor M by three-phase output end U, V, W with the sine-wave current of characteristic frequency after the frequency conversion, start and drag cage operation;
When elevator is in the generator operation state, the electric energy that motor M is sent is by frequency converter B ' three-phase output end U, V, W end enter voltage monitoring equipment H, and the fly-wheel diode in this voltage monitoring equipment H flows to dc bus to ultracapacitor assembly F charging, the power supply during as electric operation next time.
When busbar voltage drops to the lower limit of design voltage, voltage monitoring equipment H drive controlling K switch closure, the civil power that inserts from electrical network is realized the quick charge to ultracapacitor assembly F, when voltage rises to the higher limit of design voltage, control switch K automatic disconnection, quick charge finishes, and enters operation circulation next time.