CN101596601B - Atomizing nozzle for efficiently preparing fine metal and alloy powder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an atomizing nozzle for efficiently preparing fine metal and alloy powder. A working part of an upper part is a truncated cone; a lower part is that an inner truncated cone is connected under a cylindrical inner cavity; the upper and lower truncated cones form a gas channel after the combination; and the gas channel is narrowest at an outlet of an air cavity, and then gradually diverges to form a channel with structural characteristics of an Laval nozzle. The atomizing nozzle has the advantages that the gas channel of the nozzle has the structural characteristics of the Laval nozzle, can produce high-speed airflow, improve the kinetic energy of atomizing gas, further improve the impact grinding effect of the airflow on liquid metal by adopting a liquid delivery tube with a large injection angle and a small diameter, and greatly increase the yield of fine powder. The nozzle is also suitable for the atomization of all metal and alloy melts the melting points of which are lower than 1,600 DEG C, and provides a solution for the preparation and application of most of gas-atomized powder.

Description

Translated fromChinese

用于高效率制备微细金属及合金粉末的雾化喷嘴Atomizing nozzles for high-efficiency preparation of fine metal and alloy powders

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种利用高压气流将液态金属及合金熔体破碎成小液滴并凝固成粉末的雾化喷嘴，尤其是制备粉末粒度微细并具有球形特征的雾化喷嘴。The invention relates to an atomizing nozzle which breaks liquid metal and alloy melt into small droplets and solidifies into powder by using high-pressure airflow, especially the atomizing nozzle which prepares the powder with fine particle size and spherical characteristics.

背景技术Background technique

气体雾化技术是金属及合金粉末的一种生产方法，其制粉的原理是用一高速气流将从导液管流出液态金属流粉碎成小液滴并在随后的飞行中凝固成粉末的过程。气雾化粉末具有球形度高、粉末粒度可控等优点，已成为高性能及特种合金粉末制备的主要方向。Gas atomization technology is a production method of metal and alloy powder. The principle of powder making is to use a high-speed airflow to crush the liquid metal flow from the catheter tube into small droplets and solidify into powder during the subsequent flight. . Gas-atomized powder has the advantages of high sphericity and controllable powder particle size, and has become the main direction for the preparation of high-performance and special alloy powders.

雾化喷嘴是气体雾化技术的核心，喷嘴控制气流对金属液流的作用过程，使气流的动能转化为新生粉末表面能，因此这一控制部件即喷嘴(nozzle)决定了雾化粉末的性能和雾化效率。随着粉末冶金注射成形技术的出现，以及粉末原材料在表面工程、电子、化工、激光快速原形、军事等工业中的应用，对金属粉末的要求向着粒径微细、球形化方向发展，因此提高微细粉末(一般指粒度小于45μm的粉末)的收得率和粉末的可控性，降低粉末制备成本，已成为雾化制粉技术和装备发展的趋势。The atomizing nozzle is the core of the gas atomization technology. The nozzle controls the action process of the airflow on the metal liquid flow, so that the kinetic energy of the airflow is converted into the surface energy of the new powder. Therefore, this control part, the nozzle (nozzle), determines the performance of the atomized powder. and atomization efficiency. With the emergence of powder metallurgy injection molding technology, and the application of powder raw materials in surface engineering, electronics, chemical industry, laser rapid prototyping, military and other industries, the requirements for metal powder are developing towards the direction of fine particle size and spheroidization. The yield of powder (generally refers to the powder with particle size less than 45μm) and the controllability of powder, and the reduction of powder preparation cost have become the development trend of atomization powder making technology and equipment.

在常规的气体雾化工艺中，普遍采用自由落体式喷嘴结构。这种形式的喷嘴设计简单、不易堵嘴、控制过程也比较简单，但这种喷嘴雾化效率不高，仅适用于60--300μm粒度粉末的生产。为了提高雾化效率，后来发展了限制式喷嘴，这种喷嘴由于缩短了气流的自由飞行距离，使雾化效率得到很大的提高。现代具有工业实用意义的雾化技术是在这一基础上发展起来的。具有代表性的喷嘴主要有两类：一是美国MIT的Grant教授发明的超声雾化喷嘴(USPatent N.4778516)。超声雾化喷嘴由拉瓦尔喷嘴和Hartman振动管组合在一起，在产生2--2.5M的超音速气流的同时产生80--100KHz的脉冲频率，粉末的平均粒度可达到40--60μm。该雾化器的目的是为了生产具有快速冷凝效果的铝及合金，仅适用于铝等低熔点金属粉末的生产。美国Iowa州立大学的Ames实验室Anderson等人发明了高压气体雾化喷嘴(USPatent N.4619845)。将喷嘴的环缝出口改为20--24个单一喷孔，通过提高气压(最高可达成17MPa)和导液管出口处的形状设计，克服限制式喷嘴中存在的气流激波，这一改进可以显著提高雾化效率。粉末的平均粒度可达到30--50μm。该雾化器的雾化效率是在很高的压力下实现的，在工业上实现难度高，而且气体消耗量过大，不利于生产成本的控制。In the conventional gas atomization process, a free-fall nozzle structure is generally used. This form of nozzle has a simple design, is not easy to plug, and the control process is relatively simple, but the atomization efficiency of this nozzle is not high, and it is only suitable for the production of powders with a particle size of 60--300μm. In order to improve the atomization efficiency, a restricted nozzle was later developed, which greatly improved the atomization efficiency due to shortening the free flight distance of the airflow. Modern atomization technology with industrial practical significance is developed on this basis. There are two types of representative nozzles: one is the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle (USPatent N.4778516) invented by Professor Grant of MIT in the United States. The ultrasonic atomizing nozzle is composed of Laval nozzle and Hartman vibrating tube, which produces 2--2.5M supersonic airflow and 80--100KHz pulse frequency at the same time, and the average particle size of the powder can reach 40--60μm. The purpose of this atomizer is to produce aluminum and alloys with rapid condensation effect, and it is only suitable for the production of low melting point metal powders such as aluminum. People such as Ames laboratory Anderson of Iowa State University in the U.S. invented high-pressure gas atomizing nozzle (USPatent N.4619845). Change the annular seam outlet of the nozzle to 20--24 single nozzle holes, and overcome the airflow shock wave existing in the restricted nozzle by increasing the air pressure (up to 17MPa) and the shape design of the catheter outlet. Can significantly improve the atomization efficiency. The average particle size of the powder can reach 30--50μm. The atomization efficiency of the atomizer is realized under very high pressure, which is difficult to realize industrially, and the gas consumption is too large, which is not conducive to the control of production cost.

中国专利CN1282282A发明了矩形层流雾化喷嘴，金属液从一长约50mm，宽0.7mm的导管中流出，进入喷嘴后形成Laval形状，从而产生高的雾化效率。这一喷嘴是目前公开的具有最高雾化效率的喷嘴，粉末的平均粒度可以达到10--20μm。但该喷嘴在工艺上要求很高，一是要求金属液的过热度很高，对于高熔点金属不适合；二是雾化过程不稳定易于堵嘴，雾化过程难于进行。中国专利CN1078928A发明了超声速环形射流雾化器，是在低压下雾化低熔点金属，不适合高熔点金属的雾化，而且粉末粒度也较粗。中国专利ZL200820056451.7发明一种组合喷嘴，主要特征是在主喷嘴的上方增加一辅助喷嘴，产生一向下的气流，目的是减少卫星粉末和空心粉末的比例。中国专利CN1709585A发明了一高压雾化喷嘴，该喷嘴的气体通道采用了Laval形式，可以获得较高的气流速度，雾化效率明显增加。高熔点金属的平均粒度可以降低至30μm左右。但该喷嘴的Laval流道难于精确加工，影响气流速度的提高，而且气体流道的形成的喷射角最高仅为45°，雾化效率不能进一步的提高。Chinese patent CN1282282A invented a rectangular laminar flow atomizing nozzle. The molten metal flows out from a conduit with a length of about 50mm and a width of 0.7mm, and forms a Laval shape after entering the nozzle, thereby producing high atomization efficiency. This nozzle is currently the nozzle with the highest atomization efficiency, and the average particle size of the powder can reach 10--20μm. However, the nozzle has very high requirements on technology. First, the superheat of the molten metal is required to be high, which is not suitable for high melting point metals; second, the atomization process is unstable and easy to plug, and the atomization process is difficult to carry out. Chinese patent CN1078928A invented a supersonic annular jet atomizer, which atomizes low-melting point metals under low pressure, which is not suitable for atomizing high-melting point metals, and the powder particle size is relatively coarse. Chinese patent ZL200820056451.7 invented a combination nozzle, the main feature is to add an auxiliary nozzle above the main nozzle to generate a downward airflow, the purpose is to reduce the proportion of satellite powder and hollow powder. Chinese patent CN1709585A invented a high-pressure atomizing nozzle. The gas passage of the nozzle adopts the Laval form, which can obtain a higher air velocity and significantly increase the atomization efficiency. The average particle size of refractory metals can be reduced to about 30 μm. However, the Laval channel of the nozzle is difficult to process accurately, which affects the improvement of the air velocity, and the spray angle formed by the gas channel is only 45° at the highest, so the atomization efficiency cannot be further improved.

在上述专利中并未对导液管的尺寸作出规定。导液管是雾化喷嘴的一个不可缺少的组成部分，它负责将熔化的金属熔体导入喷嘴；同时导液管的尺寸也决定了喷嘴气流出口的尺寸，并直接影响气流的破碎效果。使用大直径的导液管(如外径大于14mm)可以有效解决高温熔体对喷嘴的损坏，但增加了气流至雾化焦点的距离，降低气流的雾化效率。现有的喷嘴对导液管的作用及大小均未提及，因此，导液管对提高雾化效率的影响被忽略了，而实际上它对雾化效率作用十分明显。The size of the catheter is not specified in the above patent. The catheter is an indispensable part of the atomizing nozzle, which is responsible for introducing the molten metal into the nozzle; at the same time, the size of the catheter also determines the size of the nozzle air outlet, and directly affects the crushing effect of the air flow. Using a large-diameter catheter (such as an outer diameter greater than 14mm) can effectively solve the damage to the nozzle caused by the high-temperature melt, but it increases the distance from the airflow to the atomization focus and reduces the atomization efficiency of the airflow. The effect and size of the existing nozzle on the catheter are not mentioned. Therefore, the influence of the catheter on improving the atomization efficiency is ignored, but in fact it has a very obvious effect on the atomization efficiency.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种气体雾化效率高，微细粉末的收得率高，具有高速气流、高的喷射角和导液管直径更小且适用于熔点1600℃以下所有金属及合金熔体的雾化的用于高效率制备微细金属及合金粉末的雾化喷嘴。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a gas with high atomization efficiency, high yield of fine powder, high-speed airflow, high spray angle and smaller diameter of the catheter tube, and is suitable for all metals with a melting point below 1600 ° C and Atomizing nozzles for the atomization of alloy melts are used for high-efficiency preparation of fine metal and alloy powders.

为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的用于高效率制备微细金属及合金粉末的雾化喷嘴，包括导液管，由上喷嘴和下喷嘴两部分组合而成，所述的上喷嘴和下喷嘴两部分组合后形成一进气腔，所述的上喷嘴的工作部分是一个圆锥台，所述的圆锥台的气流出口端的直径d的取值范围为6.2--15mm，所述的圆锥台的锥角α的取值范围为30°--75°；所述的下喷嘴由一个圆柱内腔下连接一个内圆锥形台，连接处采用圆弧过渡，所述的内圆锥形台的锥角ω的取值范围为20°--70°；所述的圆锥台和内圆锥形台组合后形成喉部和气流扩张段，形成一个具有Laval喷管结构特征的通道，所述的气流扩张段的中心线形成的夹角即为喷射角，这一角度为25°--70°，所述的气流扩张段的长度为5--30mm；所述的导液管设在所述的圆锥台中心，所述的导液管的直径Φ的取值为6--13mm，所述的导液管是一圆柱形导液管或者出口端带一定锥度的圆锥形导液管，所述的导液管伸出所述的圆锥台的气流出口端的长度为L，对于圆柱形导液管，其取值为2--5mm；对于圆锥形导液管，其取值为3--6mm。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the atomizing nozzle provided by the present invention for high-efficiency preparation of fine metal and alloy powders includes a liquid guide tube, which is composed of an upper nozzle and a lower nozzle. The upper nozzle and the lower nozzle The two parts are combined to form an air inlet chamber. The working part of the upper nozzle is a truncated cone. The diameter d of the air outlet end of the truncated cone is in the range of 6.2--15mm. The truncated cone is The value range of the cone angle α is 30°--75°; the lower nozzle is connected to an inner conical platform by a cylindrical cavity, and the connection adopts a circular arc transition, and the cone angle of the inner conical platform is The value range of ω is 20°--70°; the combination of the frustum of the cone and the frustum of the inner cone forms the throat and the expansion section of the airflow, forming a passage with the structural characteristics of the Laval nozzle, and the expansion section of the airflow The angle formed by the centerline of the center line is the injection angle, and this angle is 25°--70°, and the length of the airflow expansion section is 5--30mm; the catheter is located at the truncated cone In the center, the value of the diameter Φ of the catheter is 6--13mm, and the catheter is a cylindrical catheter or a conical catheter with a certain taper at the outlet end. The length of the liquid pipe protruding from the air outlet end of the truncated cone is L, and for a cylindrical catheter, its value is 2--5mm; for a conical catheter, its value is 3--6mm.

上喷嘴和下喷嘴的接合部分的密封可以采用焊接或密封圈形式密封，或者以其它形式加装的任何辅助密封及装置。The sealing of the joint portion of the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle can be sealed by welding or sealing ring, or any auxiliary seal and device installed in other forms.

导液管由低导热系数的耐高温陶瓷制造，如氧化锆。Catheters are manufactured from high temperature ceramics with low thermal conductivity, such as zirconia.

采用上述技术方案的用于高效率制备微细金属及合金粉末的雾化喷嘴，上下锥台在组合后形成气体流出通道，气体通道的中心线形成的夹角即为喷射角，这一角度为25°--70°。由于角α的值大于ω，气体流道在气腔出口处是最狭窄处(即喉部)，然后逐渐发散(即气流扩张段)，形成一个具有Laval喷管结构特征的通道，扩张段的长度为5--30mm。依据气体动力学的原理，具有Laval结构的喷管其气流出口速度将达到超声速状态。The atomizing nozzle for high-efficiency preparation of fine metal and alloy powders adopts the above-mentioned technical scheme. After the upper and lower cones are combined to form a gas outflow channel, the angle formed by the center line of the gas channel is the spray angle. This angle is 25 °--70°. Since the value of the angle α is greater than ω, the gas flow path is the narrowest point at the outlet of the air cavity (i.e. the throat), and then gradually diverges (i.e. the gas flow expansion section), forming a channel with the structural characteristics of the Laval nozzle. The length is 5--30mm. According to the principle of aerodynamics, the outlet velocity of the gas flow of the nozzle with Laval structure will reach the supersonic state.

喷嘴的气体流道的面积可以参考Laval喷管的相关方程进行计算，在气体流量取一定值时，可以计算出相应的喉部面积和出口面积。本发明的喷嘴在雾化压力不高于4.5MPa的条件下使用，气体流量为3--15m³/分钟，据此可计算出气体流道的面积。The area of the gas flow channel of the nozzle can be calculated by referring to the relevant equation of the Laval nozzle. When the gas flow rate is a certain value, the corresponding throat area and outlet area can be calculated. The nozzle of the present invention is used under the condition that the atomization pressure is not higher than 4.5MPa, and the gas flow rate is 3--15m³ /min, and the area of the gas flow channel can be calculated accordingly.

本发明的另一个要点是导液管，导液管是一圆柱形管状结构或者出口端带一定锥度，导液管由低导热系数的耐高温陶瓷制造，如氧化锆。这样可以保证在高熔点金属熔体雾化时不烧毁喷嘴。导液管的直径为Φ，其取值为6--13mm。导液管伸出喷嘴的长度为L，对于圆柱形导液管，其取值为2--4mm；而对于圆锥形导液管，其取值为3--5mm。导液管的直径的大小影响气流自出口至雾化焦点的距离。导液管直径大时，这一距离相应增加，由于气流发散与速度衰减，导致雾化效率明显降低。本发明所使用的导液管直径小，明显缩短了气流到液流汇焦的距离，在生产细粉末方面非常有效。Another key point of the present invention is the catheter. The catheter is a cylindrical tubular structure or has a certain taper at the outlet end. The catheter is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramics with low thermal conductivity, such as zirconia. This can ensure that the nozzle will not be burned when the high melting point metal melt is atomized. The diameter of the catheter is Φ, and its value is 6--13mm. The length of the catheter protruding from the nozzle is L. For the cylindrical catheter, the value is 2--4mm; for the conical catheter, the value is 3--5mm. The size of the diameter of the catheter tube affects the distance of the airflow from the outlet to the atomization focus. When the diameter of the catheter is large, this distance increases accordingly, and the atomization efficiency is significantly reduced due to the divergence of the airflow and the attenuation of the velocity. The diameter of the catheter used in the invention is small, which obviously shortens the distance from the gas flow to the focus of the liquid flow, and is very effective in producing fine powder.

本发明的有益效果是喷嘴的气体流道具有Laval喷管结构特征，可以产生高速气流，提高雾化效率，同采用大的喷射角和小直径的导液管进一步提高气流对金属液流的冲击破碎效果，使本发明喷嘴的雾化效率显著提高，大幅度增加微细粉末的产率。喷嘴还可以在气体流量不高于15m³/分钟、压力低于4.5MPa的条件下使用，减少雾化气体的用量，降低生产成本。同时本发明喷嘴还适用于熔点在1600℃以下所有金属及合金熔体的雾化，为绝大多数的气体雾化粉末的制备与应用提供了解决方案。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the gas channel of the nozzle has the structural characteristics of Laval nozzle, which can generate high-speed airflow and improve the atomization efficiency, and further improve the impact of the airflow on the metal liquid flow by adopting a large spray angle and a small-diameter catheter The crushing effect significantly improves the atomization efficiency of the nozzle of the present invention, and greatly increases the yield of fine powder. The nozzle can also be used under the condition that the gas flow rate is not higher than 15m³ /min and the pressure is lower than 4.5MPa, which reduces the consumption of atomizing gas and reduces the production cost. At the same time, the nozzle of the present invention is also suitable for the atomization of all metals and alloy melts with a melting point below 1600°C, providing a solution for the preparation and application of most gas atomized powders.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1使用圆柱形导液管的喷嘴的结构图；Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a nozzle using a cylindrical catheter;

图2使用圆锥形导液管的喷嘴的结构图。Figure 2 Structural diagram of a nozzle using a conical catheter.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

参见图1，上喷嘴1和下喷嘴2两部分组合后形成一进气腔4，上喷嘴1的工作部分是一个圆锥台9，下喷嘴2由一个圆柱内腔11下连接一个内圆锥形台10，连接处采用圆弧过渡7，圆锥台9的锥角α的取值范围为30°--75°，圆锥台9的气流出口端的直径d的取值范围为6.2--15mm；内圆锥形台10的锥角ω的取值范围为20°--70°；圆锥台9和内圆锥形台10组合后形成喉部5和气流扩张段6，形成一个具有Laval喷管结构特征的通道，气流扩张段6的中心线形成的夹角即为喷射角，这一角度为25°--70°，气流扩张段6的长度为5--30mm；导液管3设在所述的圆锥台9中心，导液管3由低导热系数的耐高温氧化锆陶瓷制造，导液管3的直径Φ的取值为6--13mm，导液管3是一圆柱形导液管，导液管3伸出圆锥台9的气流出口端的长度为L，其取值为2--5mm，上喷嘴1和下喷嘴2的接合部分8的密封采用焊接密封。Referring to Fig. 1, theupper nozzle 1 and thelower nozzle 2 are combined to form anair inlet cavity 4, the working part of theupper nozzle 1 is a conical truncated 9, and thelower nozzle 2 is connected with an inner conical truss by a cylindricalinner cavity 11 10. The connection adopts acircular arc transition 7, the value range of the cone angle α of thetruncated cone 9 is 30°--75°, and the value range of the diameter d of the air outlet end of thetruncated cone 9 is 6.2--15mm; the inner cone The value range of the cone angle ω of the shapedplatform 10 is 20°--70°; the combination of the conical truncated 9 and the inner conical truncated 10 forms thethroat 5 and theairflow expansion section 6, forming a channel with the structural characteristics of the Laval nozzle , the angle formed by the center line of theairflow expansion section 6 is the injection angle, and this angle is 25°--70°, and the length of theairflow expansion section 6 is 5--30mm; In the center ofplatform 9, thecatheter 3 is made of high-temperature-resistant zirconia ceramics with low thermal conductivity. The diameter Φ of thecatheter 3 is 6--13mm. The length of the air outlet end of thepipe 3 protruding from thetruncated cone 9 is L, and its value is 2--5mm. The sealing of thejoint part 8 of theupper nozzle 1 and thelower nozzle 2 is welded.

参见图2，上喷嘴1和下喷嘴2两部分组合后形成一进气腔4，上喷嘴1的工作部分是一个圆锥台9，下喷嘴2由一个圆柱内腔11下连接一个内圆锥形台10，连接处采用圆弧过渡7，圆锥台9的锥角α的取值范围为30°--75°，圆锥台9的气流出口端的直径d的取值范围为6.2--15mm；内圆锥形台10的锥角ω的取值范围为20°--70°；圆锥台9和内圆锥形台10组合后形成喉部5和气流扩张段6，形成一个具有Laval喷管结构特征的通道，气流扩张段6的中心线形成的夹角即为喷射角，这一角度为25°--70°，气流扩张段6的长度为5--30mm；导液管3设在圆锥台9中心，导液管3由低导热系数的耐高温氧化锆陶瓷制造，导液管3的直径Φ的取值为6--13mm，导液管3是出口端带一定锥度的圆锥形导液管，导液管3伸出圆锥台9的气流出口端的长度为L，其取值为3--6mm，上喷嘴1和下喷嘴2的接合部分8的密封采用焊接或密封圈形式密封。Referring to Fig. 2, theupper nozzle 1 and thelower nozzle 2 are combined to form anair inlet chamber 4, the working part of theupper nozzle 1 is a conical truncated 9, and thelower nozzle 2 is connected with an inner conical truss by a cylindricalinner cavity 11 10. The connection adoptscircular arc transition 7, the value range of the cone angle α of thetruncated cone 9 is 30°--75°, and the value range of the diameter d of the air outlet end of thetruncated cone 9 is 6.2--15mm; the inner cone The value range of the cone angle ω of the shapedplatform 10 is 20°--70°; the combination of the conical truncated 9 and the inner conical truncated 10 forms thethroat 5 and theairflow expansion section 6, forming a channel with the structural characteristics of the Laval nozzle , the angle formed by the center line of theairflow expansion section 6 is the injection angle, and this angle is 25°--70°, and the length of theairflow expansion section 6 is 5--30mm; thecatheter tube 3 is located at the center of thetruncated cone 9 , thecatheter tube 3 is made of high-temperature-resistant zirconia ceramics with low thermal conductivity, the value of the diameter Φ of thecatheter tube 3 is 6--13mm, and thecatheter tube 3 is a conical catheter tube with a certain taper at the outlet end. The length of the air outlet end of thecatheter tube 3 protruding from thetruncated cone 9 is L, and its value is 3--6mm. The sealing of thejoint part 8 of theupper nozzle 1 and thelower nozzle 2 is sealed by welding or a sealing ring.

实施例1：Example 1:

使用图2所示的喷嘴结构，喷嘴的最高使用压力为4.0MPa，气体流量为8Nm³/min(氮气)，喷嘴上部锥台的锥角为65°，下部内锥台的锥角为50°，采用带锥形出口的导液管，导液管的外径为12mm，内径为3.5mm，导液管伸出喷嘴的气流出口端4.5mm。以316L不锈钢为雾化对象进行粉末的雾化试验，试验合金为30kg，雾化温度为1600℃，雾化压力为4.0MPa。雾化后将粉末用标准分析筛进行粉末粒度测定，所雾化的粉末中粒度小于150μm(-100目)的粉末的比例为98.5％，小于45μm(-320目)的粉末的比例为71.3％，小于23μm(-6000目)的粉末的比例为56.2％，粉末的平均粒度d₅₀约为20μm。Using the nozzle structure shown in Figure 2, the maximum operating pressure of the nozzle is 4.0MPa, the gas flow rate is 8Nm³ /min (nitrogen), the cone angle of the upper cone of the nozzle is 65°, and the cone angle of the lower inner cone is 50° , using a catheter with a tapered outlet, the outer diameter of the catheter is 12mm, the inner diameter is 3.5mm, and the catheter extends out of the air outlet end of the nozzle by 4.5mm. 316L stainless steel was used as the atomization object to carry out the atomization test of the powder, the test alloy was 30kg, the atomization temperature was 1600°C, and the atomization pressure was 4.0MPa. After atomization, use a standard analytical sieve to measure the particle size of the powder. In the atomized powder, the proportion of powder with a particle size smaller than 150 μm (-100 mesh) is 98.5%, and the proportion of powder with a particle size smaller than 45 μm (-320 mesh) is 71.3%. , the proportion of powder smaller than 23 μm (-6000 mesh) is 56.2%, and the average particle size d₅₀ of the powder is about 20 μm.

实施例2：Example 2:

使用图2所示的喷嘴结构，喷嘴的最高使用压力为4.0MPa，气体流量为8Nm³/min(氮气)，喷嘴上部锥台的锥角为65°，下部内锥台的锥角为50°，采用带锥形出口的导液管，导液管的外径为10mm，内径为3.5mm，导液管伸出喷嘴的气流出口端4.5mm。以Cu-10wt％Al合金为雾化对象进行粉末的雾化试验，试验合金为30kg，雾化温度为1200℃，雾化压力为4.0MPa。雾化后将粉末用标准分析筛进行粉末粒度测定，所雾化的粉末中粒度小于75μm(-200目)的粉末的比例为87.2％，小于45μm(-320目)的粉末的比例为78.3％，小于23μm(-6000目)的粉末的比例为65.0％，粉末的平均粒度d₅₀约为16μm。Using the nozzle structure shown in Figure 2, the maximum operating pressure of the nozzle is 4.0MPa, the gas flow rate is 8Nm³ /min (nitrogen), the cone angle of the upper cone of the nozzle is 65°, and the cone angle of the lower inner cone is 50° , using a catheter with a tapered outlet, the outer diameter of the catheter is 10mm, the inner diameter is 3.5mm, and the catheter extends out of the air outlet end of the nozzle by 4.5mm. The atomization test of the powder was carried out with Cu-10wt% Al alloy as the atomization object, the test alloy was 30kg, the atomization temperature was 1200°C, and the atomization pressure was 4.0MPa. After atomization, the powder is measured with a standard analytical sieve for powder particle size. Among the atomized powder, the proportion of powder with a particle size smaller than 75 μm (-200 mesh) is 87.2%, and the proportion of powder with a particle size smaller than 45 μm (-320 mesh) is 78.3%. , the proportion of powder smaller than 23 μm (-6000 mesh) is 65.0%, and the average particle size d₅₀ of the powder is about 16 μm.

实施例3：Example 3:

使用图2所示的喷嘴结构，喷嘴的最高使用压力为4.0MPa，气体流量为8Nm³/min(氮气)，喷嘴上部锥台的锥角为55°，下部内锥台的锥角为40°，采用带锥形出口的导液管，导液管的外径为12mm，内径为3.5mm，导液管伸出喷嘴的气流出口端4.8mm。以316L不锈钢为雾化对象进行粉末的雾化试验，试验合金为30kg，雾化温度为1600℃，雾化压力为4.0MPa。雾化后将粉末用标准分析筛进行粉末粒度测定，所雾化的粉末中粒度小于150μm(-100目)的粉末的比例为94.5％，小于45μm(-320目)的粉末的比例为65.8％，小于23μm(-6000目)的粉末的比例为47.5％，粉末的平均粒度d₅₀约为25μm。Using the nozzle structure shown in Figure 2, the maximum operating pressure of the nozzle is 4.0MPa, the gas flow rate is 8Nm³ /min (nitrogen), the cone angle of the upper cone of the nozzle is 55°, and the cone angle of the lower inner cone is 40° , using a catheter with a tapered outlet, the outer diameter of the catheter is 12mm, the inner diameter is 3.5mm, and the catheter extends out of the air outlet end of the nozzle by 4.8mm. 316L stainless steel was used as the atomization object to carry out the atomization test of the powder. The test alloy was 30kg, the atomization temperature was 1600°C, and the atomization pressure was 4.0MPa. After atomization, use a standard analytical sieve to measure the particle size of the powder. Among the atomized powder, the proportion of powder with a particle size smaller than 150 μm (-100 mesh) is 94.5%, and the proportion of powder with a particle size smaller than 45 μm (-320 mesh) is 65.8%. , the proportion of powder smaller than 23 μm (-6000 mesh) is 47.5%, and the average particle size d₅₀ of the powder is about 25 μm.

实施例4：Example 4:

使用图1所示的喷嘴结构，喷嘴的最高使用压力为4.0MPa，气体流量为8Nm³/min(氮气)，喷嘴上部锥台的锥角为55°，下部内锥台的锥角为40°，采用不带锥形出口的导液管，导液管的外径为12mm，内径为3.5mm，导液管伸出喷嘴的气流出口端3.5mm。以Fe-10wt％Ni合金为雾化对象进行粉末的雾化试验，试验合金为30kg，雾化温度为1650℃，雾化压力为4.0MPa。雾化后将粉末用标准分析筛进行粉末粒度测定，所雾化的粉末中粒度小于150μm(-100目)的粉末的比例为90.5％，小于75μm(-200目)的粉末的比例为83.1％，小于23μm(-6000目)的粉末的比例为45.5％，粉末的平均粒度d₅₀约为28μm。Using the nozzle structure shown in Figure 1, the maximum operating pressure of the nozzle is 4.0MPa, the gas flow rate is 8Nm³ /min (nitrogen), the cone angle of the upper cone of the nozzle is 55°, and the cone angle of the lower inner cone is 40° , using a catheter without a tapered outlet, the outer diameter of the catheter is 12mm, the inner diameter is 3.5mm, and the catheter extends out of the air outlet end of the nozzle by 3.5mm. The atomization test of the powder was carried out with the Fe-10wt%Ni alloy as the atomization object, the test alloy was 30kg, the atomization temperature was 1650°C, and the atomization pressure was 4.0MPa. After atomization, use a standard analytical sieve to measure the particle size of the powder. Among the atomized powder, the proportion of powder with a particle size less than 150 μm (-100 mesh) is 90.5%, and the proportion of powder with a particle size less than 75 μm (-200 mesh) is 83.1%. , the proportion of powder smaller than 23 μm (-6000 mesh) is 45.5%, and the average particle size d₅₀ of the powder is about 28 μm.

实施例5：Example 5:

使用图1所示的喷嘴结构，喷嘴的最高使用压力为4.0MPa，气体流量为8Nm³/min(氮气)，喷嘴上部锥台的锥角为50°，下部内锥台的锥角为36°，采用带锥形出口的导液管，导液管的外径为8mm，内径为3.0mm，导液管伸出喷嘴的气流出口端4.0mm。以Cu-40wt％Ii为雾化对象进行粉末的雾化试验，试验合金为20kg，雾化温度为800℃，雾化压力为3.0MPa。雾化后将粉末用标准分析筛进行粉末粒度测定，所雾化的粉末中粒度小于150μm(-100目)的粉末的比例为96.5％，小于45μm(-320目)的粉末的比例为75.8％，小于23μm(-6000目)的粉末的比例为61.5％，粉末的平均粒度d₅₀约为15μm。Using the nozzle structure shown in Figure 1, the maximum operating pressure of the nozzle is 4.0MPa, the gas flow rate is 8Nm³ /min (nitrogen), the cone angle of the upper cone of the nozzle is 50°, and the cone angle of the lower inner cone is 36° , using a catheter with a tapered outlet, the outer diameter of the catheter is 8mm, the inner diameter is 3.0mm, and the catheter extends out of the air outlet end of the nozzle by 4.0mm. The atomization test of the powder was carried out with Cu-40wt%Ii as the atomization object, the test alloy was 20kg, the atomization temperature was 800°C, and the atomization pressure was 3.0MPa. After atomization, use a standard analytical sieve to measure the particle size of the powder. In the atomized powder, the proportion of powder with a particle size smaller than 150 μm (-100 mesh) is 96.5%, and the proportion of powder with a particle size smaller than 45 μm (-320 mesh) is 75.8%. , the proportion of powder smaller than 23 μm (-6000 mesh) is 61.5%, and the average particle size d₅₀ of the powder is about 15 μm.

Claims (3)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种用于高效率制备微细金属及合金粉末的雾化喷嘴，包括导液管(3)，其特征是：由上喷嘴(1)和下喷嘴(2)两部分组合而成，所述的上喷嘴(1)和下喷嘴(2)两部分组合后形成一进气腔(4)，所述的上喷嘴(1)的工作部分是一个圆锥台(9)，所述的下喷嘴(2)由一个圆柱内腔(11)下连接一个内圆锥形台(10)，连接处采用圆弧过渡(7)，所述的圆锥台(9)的锥角α的取值范围为30°--75°，所述的圆锥台(9)的气流出口端的直径d的取值范围为6.2--15mm；所述的内圆锥形台(10)的锥角ω的取值范围为20°--70°；所述的圆锥台(9)和内圆锥形台(10)组合后形成喉部(5)和气流扩张段(6)，形成一个具有Laval喷管结构特征的通道，所述的气流扩张段(6)的长度为5--30mm；所述的导液管(3)设在所述的圆锥台(9)中心，所述的导液管(3)的直径Φ的取值为6--13mm，所述的导液管(3)是一圆柱形导液管或者出口端带一定锥度的圆锥形导液管，所述的导液管(3)伸出所述的圆锥台(9)的气流出口端的长度为L，对于圆柱形导液管，其取值为2--5mm；对于圆锥形导液管，其取值为3--6mm。1. An atomizing nozzle for high-efficiency preparation of fine metal and alloy powder, comprising a catheter (3), characterized in that it is composed of an upper nozzle (1) and a lower nozzle (2). The upper nozzle (1) and the lower nozzle (2) are combined to form an air intake chamber (4), the working part of the upper nozzle (1) is a truncated cone (9), and the lower nozzle (2) An inner conical pedestal (10) is connected under a cylindrical cavity (11), and the junction adopts a circular arc transition (7). The value range of the cone angle α of the truncated cone (9) is 30 °--75 °, the value range of the diameter d of the air-flow outlet end of the described truncated cone (9) is 6.2--15mm; °--70°; the combination of the truncated cone (9) and the truncated inner cone (10) forms the throat (5) and the airflow expansion section (6), forming a passage with the structural characteristics of the Laval nozzle, so The length of the airflow expansion section (6) is 5--30mm; the catheter (3) is located at the center of the truncated cone (9), and the diameter of the catheter (3) is Φ Take a value of 6--13mm, and the described catheter (3) is a cylindrical catheter or a conical catheter with a certain taper at the outlet end, and the catheter (3) extends out of the The length of the air outlet end of the conical truncated cone (9) is L, and for the cylindrical catheter, its value is 2--5mm; for the conical catheter, its value is 3--6mm.2.根据权利要求1的所述的用于高效率制备微细金属及合金粉末的雾化喷嘴，其特征是：所述的上喷嘴(1)和下喷嘴(2)的接合部分(8)的密封采用焊接或密封圈形式密封。2. The atomizing nozzle for high-efficiency preparation of fine metal and alloy powders according to claim 1, characterized in that: the joint portion (8) of the upper nozzle (1) and the lower nozzle (2) The seal is sealed by welding or sealing ring.3.根据权利要求1或2的所述的用于高效率制备微细金属及合金粉末的雾化喷嘴，其特征是：所述的导液管(3)由低导热系数的氧化锆陶瓷制造。3. The atomizing nozzle for high-efficiency preparation of fine metal and alloy powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the catheter (3) is made of zirconia ceramics with low thermal conductivity.

Images