CN101592563B - Soil sampler - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明提供了一种土壤采样器，尤其是一种适用于较硬或较松散土壤的土壤采样器。其由后抵件、传动单元、采样头及前抵件组成。可以在较硬的板结土壤中较轻松地取样；采样头设有土壤样品切具，在土壤样品进入采样盒后，利用土壤样品切具将采样盒内的样品与土壤完全分离，保证样品不会滑脱；可以在较松散的、样品难以成型的土壤中采样；采样头设有多个采样盒室，保证土壤样品精细分层，多个样品可同时采取，采样盒室底段留有空隙，同时侧壁有隔台，底部有通气孔，保证采样盒进样时内外气压平衡，土壤不被扰动，实现原位采样；采样盒体积及重量一定，方便土壤样品容重的测定。

The invention provides a soil sampler, especially a soil sampler suitable for hard or loose soil. It consists of a rear arrival piece, a transmission unit, a sampling head and a front arrival piece. Samples can be easily sampled in hard compacted soil; the sampling head is equipped with a soil sample cutter. After the soil sample enters the sampling box, the soil sample cutter is used to completely separate the sample in the sampling box from the soil to ensure that the sample will not Slipping; it can be sampled in loose soil where samples are difficult to form; the sampling head is equipped with multiple sampling boxes to ensure that the soil samples are finely layered, and multiple samples can be taken at the same time. There is a gap at the bottom of the sampling box. There are partitions on the side wall and vent holes on the bottom to ensure the balance of internal and external air pressure when the sampling box is injected, and the soil will not be disturbed to realize in-situ sampling; the volume and weight of the sampling box are fixed, which is convenient for the determination of the bulk density of soil samples.

Description

Translated fromChinese

土壤采样器soil sampler

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种土壤采样器，尤其是一种适用于较硬或较松散土壤的土壤采样器。The invention relates to a soil sampler, in particular to a soil sampler suitable for hard or loose soil.

背景技术Background technique

目前，公知的土壤采样器按照动力驱动类型进行分类，分为手动土壤采样器和机械土壤采样器两种。其基本构造是由采样头、连接杆及动力驱动单元组成。手动土壤采样器驱动单元是手柄，机械土壤采样器驱动单元是电动机等。操作过程是将采样头垂直插入土壤中，然后通过向下挤压、转动等动作将土壤压入采样头中，最后通过向上的抬举、转动等反作用将土壤样品抽出土层后分离土壤样品，完成取样。手动土壤采样器在向上抬举将采样器抽离土壤的过程中，费力费时，有时甚至因耗力过大而不能完成采样。手动土壤采样器完全依靠人力驱动，效率较低。机械土壤采样器结构复杂，难于维护，体积和重量较大，且需另备动力资源，不适合野外携带和使用。手动土壤采样器和机械土壤采样器适应土壤土质有限，尤其在干硬板结土壤或松散土壤中采样时，土壤样品难以成型且易从土壤采样头中滑脱，难以完成采样。所述的两种土壤采样器采集的土壤样品粗糙，不能将土壤样品精确分层采样。(参考文献：XDB0309方型土壤原状采样器，XDB0401土壤柱状圆筒采样器，XDB0404汽油动力根钻.产地：北京.通信地址：北京新地标土壤设备有限公司，北京市海淀区中关村南大街9号理工科技大厦2303室，邮编：10081.)At present, the known soil samplers are classified according to the type of power drive, and are divided into manual soil samplers and mechanical soil samplers. Its basic structure is composed of sampling head, connecting rod and power drive unit. The driving unit of the manual soil sampler is a handle, the driving unit of the mechanical soil sampler is an electric motor, etc. The operation process is to insert the sampling head vertically into the soil, then press the soil into the sampling head by pressing down, turning, etc., and finally pull the soil sample out of the soil layer by lifting, rotating, etc., and then separate the soil sample, and complete the process. sampling. When the manual soil sampler is lifted upwards to extract the sampler from the soil, it is laborious and time-consuming, and sometimes even the sampling cannot be completed due to too much force. Manual soil samplers are driven entirely by human power and are less efficient. The mechanical soil sampler has a complex structure, is difficult to maintain, has a large volume and weight, and requires additional power resources, so it is not suitable for carrying and using in the field. Manual soil samplers and mechanical soil samplers are suitable for limited soil quality, especially when sampling in dry hard compacted soil or loose soil, the soil sample is difficult to shape and easily slips from the soil sampling head, making it difficult to complete the sampling. The soil samples collected by the two kinds of soil samplers are rough, and the soil samples cannot be accurately layered and sampled. (References: XDB0309 square soil undisturbed sampler, XDB0401 soil columnar cylinder sampler, XDB0404 gasoline-powered root drill. Place of origin: Beijing. Mailing address: Beijing New Landmark Soil Equipment Co., Ltd., No. 9, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing Room 2303, Science and Technology Building, Zip Code: 10081.)

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明是针对上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种体积较小、较省力、原位精细分层采样、适应土壤土质较广、多样品同时采集的土壤采样器。The present invention aims at the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, and provides a soil sampler which is small in size, relatively labor-saving, in-situ fine layered sampling, adaptable to a wide range of soil properties, and collects multiple samples at the same time.

本发明提供的土壤采样器由后抵件、传动单元、采样头及前抵件组成；The soil sampler provided by the present invention is composed of a rear abutment, a transmission unit, a sampling head and a front abutment;

特别申明，在本发明中，采样盒21一端的方向为本发明及其各部件沿水平方向的前端，后抵件抵板1一端的方向为本发明及其各部件沿水平方向的后端。同时，涉及传动手轮5顺时针及逆时针的转动方向时，使用者的视线都是以由本发明的前端朝向后端的方向为准。In particular, in the present invention, the direction of one end of thesampling box 21 is the front end of the present invention and its components along the horizontal direction, and the direction of one end of therear abutment plate 1 is the rear end of the present invention and its components along the horizontal direction. At the same time, when it comes to the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation directions of thetransmission handwheel 5, the user's line of sight is based on the direction from the front end to the rear end of the present invention.

如图1、2、3、6所示，所述的后抵件由后抵件抵板1及后抵件传动杆3组成；所述的后抵件抵板1为圆板，圆柱形的后抵件传动杆3的后端通过四块后抵件加强筋板2与后抵件抵板1焊接连接，前端与内螺纹套筒4的后端通过正螺纹连接；以上部件的协同技术功能是：当后抵件抵板1抵在土壤采样坑的采样面上时，由于采样面的摩擦力或者人为施加外力，如用手扳住后抵件加强筋板2，都可使后抵件不随内螺纹套筒4转动，在这种情况下可使内螺纹套筒4通过手轮5的转动在螺纹带动下前后运动。As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 6, the rear abutment is composed of arear abutment plate 1 and a rearabutment drive rod 3; the backabutment abutment plate 1 is a circular plate, cylindrical The rear end of the rear-arrest transmission rod 3 is welded and connected to the rear-arrest member 1 through four rear-arrestreinforcement rib plates 2, and the front end is connected to the rear end of theinternal thread sleeve 4 through positive threads; the synergistic technical functions of the above components Yes: When the rear-arrestingmember abutment plate 1 is on the sampling surface of the soil sampling pit, due to the friction of the sampling surface or artificial external force, if the rear-arriving member reinforcingrib plate 2 is pulled by hand, the rear-arriving member can be made Does not rotate with the internally threadedsleeve 4, in this case the internally threadedsleeve 4 can be moved back and forth by the rotation of thehand wheel 5 driven by the thread.

如图1、7所示，所述的传动单元由内螺纹套筒4和传动手轮5组成；传动手轮5与内螺纹套筒4在内螺纹套筒4的中部采用键22连接，内螺纹套筒4的前端内部为反内螺纹，与采样头传动杆13的后端反螺纹连接，内螺纹套筒4的后端内部为正内螺纹，与后抵件传动杆3的前端正螺纹连接；内螺纹套筒4的前端外部焊接有圆管状的前抵件阻块6；以上部件的协同技术功能是：沿逆时针方向转动传动手轮5，通过键22带动内螺纹套筒4转动，当施加外力，使后抵件传动杆3及采样槽16不随内螺纹套筒4转动，那么将使后抵件抵板1与采样头同时沿内螺纹套筒4向两边相对扩张运动；反之，沿顺时针方向转动传动手轮5，当施加外力，使后抵件传动杆3及采样头不随内螺纹套筒4转动，那么将使后抵件抵板1与采样头同时沿内螺纹套筒4向两边相对收缩运动；当后抵件抵板1与采样头前端的采样盒21同时抵紧土壤采样面时，将使后抵件传动杆3及采样头不随内螺纹套筒4转动，同时由于后抵件抵板1与土壤采样面的接触面积大于采样盒21与土壤采样面的接触面积，那么逆时针旋转手轮5必然推动采样盒21及采样槽16进入土壤采样面，进而采集土样。As shown in Figures 1 and 7, the transmission unit is composed of an internally threadedsleeve 4 and atransmission handwheel 5; the middle part of thetransmission handwheel 5 and the internally threadedsleeve 4 is connected by akey 22, and the internal The inside of the front end of the threadedsleeve 4 is a reverse internal thread, which is connected with the reverse thread at the rear end of the samplinghead transmission rod 13; connection; the front end of the internally threadedsleeve 4 is welded with a circulartubular front block 6; the collaborative technical function of the above components is: rotate thetransmission handwheel 5 in the counterclockwise direction, and drive the internally threadedsleeve 4 to rotate through thekey 22 , when an external force is applied so that the rear-arrivingmember transmission rod 3 and thesampling groove 16 do not rotate with theinternal thread sleeve 4, then the rear-arrivingmember abutment plate 1 and the sampling head will expand and move relatively to both sides along theinternal thread sleeve 4 at the same time; otherwise , turn thetransmission handwheel 5 clockwise, when an external force is applied so that thetransmission rod 3 and the sampling head do not rotate with the inner threadedsleeve 4, then therear arrival plate 1 and the sampling head will move along the internal thread sleeve at the same time.Cylinder 4 shrinks relative to both sides; when the rear-arrestingmember 1 and thesampling box 21 at the front end of the sampling head press against the soil sampling surface at the same time, the rear-arrivingmember transmission rod 3 and the sampling head will not rotate with theinternal thread sleeve 4, Simultaneously because the contact area of theback arrival plate 1 and the soil sampling surface is greater than the contact area of thesampling box 21 and the soil sampling surface, the anticlockwise rotation of thehand wheel 5 must push thesampling box 21 and thesampling groove 16 into the soil sampling surface, and then collect Soil sample.

如图1、2、3、8所示，所述的前抵件包括前抵件抵板11与前抵件紧固件8；前抵件抵板11为两块半圆板；紧固件8为两根对称的半圆形圆管；前抵件连接筋板14为两块L形钢板，两块L形钢板前端分别垂直焊接于前抵件抵板11的半圆板，两块L形钢板后端分别与紧固件8的两根对称的半圆形圆管的脊部垂直焊接；左右对称的L形前抵件连接筋板14内部组成的U形空隙的长度要大于采样头连接筋板12以及采样槽16与土壤样品切具通过切具滑轨18和切具滑轨槽17结合后形成的部件的长度之和，以便留有足够的空间令进入土壤采样面后的采样头可以从采样面拔出；As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 8, the front abutment includes afront abutment plate 11 and afront abutment fastener 8; the frontabutment abutment plate 11 is two semicircular plates; thefastener 8 It is two symmetrical semicircular round tubes; the connectingrib plate 14 of the front part is two L-shaped steel plates, and the front ends of the two L-shaped steel plates are vertically welded to the semicircular plate of the front part. The rear ends are vertically welded to the ridges of the two symmetrical semicircular tubes of thefastener 8 respectively; the length of the U-shaped space formed inside the left and right symmetrical L-shaped frontcontact rib plate 14 is greater than that of the sampling headconnection rib Plate 12 andsampling groove 16 and the length sum of the parts formed after the soil sample cutter is combined bycutter slide rail 18 and cutterslide rail groove 17, so that enough space is left to allow the sampling head after entering the soil sampling surface Pull out from the sampling surface;

所述的紧固件8左右两根对称的半圆形圆管的彼此对接部分两边分别焊接有上下两个正方形片状的前抵件连接耳7，正方形片状的前抵件连接耳7呈两两对应关系，两个对应的前抵件连接耳7的中间开孔有前抵件紧固螺栓15分别从中穿过，将紧固件8锁紧并抵在前抵件阻块6的前端；以上部件的协同技术功能是：当采样槽16没入采样面后，在前抵件阻块6与采样头之间放入前抵件，将两块前抵件抵板11抵在采样面上并在中间预留采样槽16的出土位置，通过前抵件连接耳7及前抵件紧固螺栓15将紧固件8锁紧在前抵件阻块6的前端；当顺时针旋转传动手轮5时，缩短了内螺纹套筒4与采样槽16之间的距离，使前抵件抵板11抵紧采样面，由于前抵件抵板11与采样面作用而提供给采样头的，方向为由前端向后端的作用力大于各采样盒21与采样面的摩擦力，因此不断旋转传动手轮5，没入采样面的采样槽16就会被拔出采样面。The two sides of the two symmetrical semicircular round tubes of thefastener 8 are respectively welded with two upper and lower square sheet-shaped front connectingears 7, which are in the shape of Two corresponding relationship, the middle openings of theconnecting ears 7 of the two corresponding front abutment pieces have front abutmentpiece fastening bolts 15 passing through them respectively, and thefasteners 8 are locked and abutted against the front end of the frontabutment piece block 6 The cooperative technical function of the above parts is: after thesampling groove 16 is submerged in the sampling surface, put the front arrival piece between the front arrivalpiece resistance block 6 and the sampling head, and two front arrivalpiece arrival plates 11 are placed on the sampling surface And reserve the unearthed position ofsampling groove 16 in the middle, by the front end of connectingear 7 and front end fasteningbolt 15,fastener 8 is locked on the front end offront end block 6; When thewheel 5 is used, the distance between theinternal thread sleeve 4 and thesampling groove 16 is shortened, so that thefront abutment plate 11 is pressed against the sampling surface, and it is provided to the sampling head due to the action of thefront abutment plate 11 and the sampling surface. Direction is that the active force from the front end to the rear end is greater than the frictional force between eachsampling box 21 and the sampling surface, so the drivinghandwheel 5 is continuously rotated, and thesampling groove 16 submerged in the sampling surface will be pulled out of the sampling surface.

所述的采样头包括采样头传动杆13、采样槽16、采样盒21及土壤样品切具；Described sampling head comprises samplinghead driving rod 13,sampling tank 16,sampling box 21 and soil sample cutter;

如图1、2、3、9所示，所述的采样槽16为中空长方形箱体，沿水平方向在前端开口，对应未开口的一面的为采样槽16的底面；两块对称的采样头连接筋板12分别与该采样槽16的底面和采样头传动杆13前端焊接；采样头传动杆13为圆柱体，其后端通过反向螺纹与内螺纹套筒4的前端螺纹连接；前抵件长度为前抵件抵板11与前抵件紧固件8两端之间的总长度，采样头传动杆13的总长度要求略长于前抵件长度，便于在内螺纹套筒4与采样槽16之间放入前抵件；As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 9, thesampling tank 16 is a hollow rectangular box with an opening at the front end along the horizontal direction, and the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 corresponds to the unopened side; two symmetrical sampling heads The connectingrib plate 12 is welded with the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 and the front end of the samplinghead transmission rod 13 respectively; the samplinghead transmission rod 13 is a cylinder, and its rear end is threadedly connected with the front end of theinternal thread sleeve 4 through reverse threads; The length of the piece is the total length between thefront plate 11 and the two ends of the fasteningmember 8 of the front piece. The total length of the samplinghead transmission rod 13 is required to be slightly longer than the length of the front piece, which is convenient for the inner threadedsleeve 4 and the sampling Put the front contact piece between theslots 16;

所述的采样槽16前端开口一面被隔成高度为1cm的若干个采样盒室19；采样盒21为沿水平方向前后两端开口的中空长方体，其宽度和高度要求正好放入采样盒室19内；每个采样盒21与采样盒室19的尺寸紧密配合，使采样盒21刚好能够卡入采样室19内部，采样盒21由采样槽16开口端装入；采样盒室19靠近采样槽16底面的部分为采样盒室19的底部，在每个采样盒室19底部上下内壁设有凸出的隔台20，当装入采样盒室19后，在采样盒室19底部与采样盒21间形成空隙；采样盒21与隔台20接触后要露出采样槽16前端开口面的距离3cm；One side of the front end opening of thesampling tank 16 is divided into severalsampling box chambers 19 with a height of 1 cm; thesampling box 21 is a hollow cuboid with openings at the front and rear ends along the horizontal direction, and its width and height requirements are just placed in thesampling box chamber 19 Inside; eachsampling box 21 is closely matched with the size of thesampling box chamber 19, so that thesampling box 21 can just snap into the interior of thesampling chamber 19, and thesampling box 21 is loaded into the opening end of thesampling slot 16; thesampling box chamber 19 is close to thesampling slot 16 The part of the bottom surface is the bottom of thesampling box chamber 19, and the upper and lower inner walls at the bottom of eachsampling box chamber 19 are provided withprotruding partitions 20. Form a gap; thesampling box 21 will expose the distance 3cm of the opening surface of the front end of thesampling tank 16 after thesampling box 21 contacts with thespacer 20;

设置隔台20的第一个目的是保证原位采样，土壤样品不被压缩；隔台20的设置阻止采样盒21接触到采样盒室19底部，当土样进入采样盒21后，在采样盒室19底部与采样盒21间形成空隙，以便土样进入采样盒21后有一定的缓冲空间，不压缩土样；同时与气孔24配合，达到平衡采样盒21内外气压，保证所采集的土样不被压缩的目的。设置隔台20的第二个目的是方便采样盒21的拿取；隔台20使采样盒21不能完全进入采样盒室19内部，漏出采样槽16前端一部分，这样当采完土样后，可用手捏住采样盒21漏出采样槽16前端部分，轻易拔出；以上部件的协同技术功能是：当采样盒室19中的采样盒21前端抵紧采样面时，采样槽16即不能转动，既限制了采样头传动杆13不能转动；同时，后抵件抵板1抵紧另一采样面，使后抵件传动杆3不能转动，又由于后抵件抵板1的与采样面接触的面积大于各采样盒21前端与采样面接触的面积之和，那么在同时受内螺纹套筒4向外的推动力时，必然推动采样盒室19中的采样盒21抵进采样面。在这种情况下，逆时针转动传动手轮5，向两端推动的力从内螺纹套筒4向两边传动给后抵件及采样头，由于后抵件抵板1与采样盒21都抵紧采样面，那么在螺纹的带动下，能够达到将采样盒室19中的采样盒21抵进采样面的目的。The first purpose of setting thespacer 20 is to ensure in-situ sampling and the soil sample is not compressed; the setting of thespacer 20 prevents thesampling box 21 from touching the bottom of thesampling box chamber 19, and when the soil sample enters thesampling box 21, it will A gap is formed between the bottom of thechamber 19 and thesampling box 21, so that the soil sample has a certain buffer space after entering thesampling box 21, and the soil sample is not compressed; at the same time, it cooperates with theair hole 24 to achieve a balanced air pressure inside and outside thesampling box 21, ensuring that the collected soil samples not to be compressed on purpose. The second purpose of setting thepartition 20 is to facilitate the taking of thesampling box 21; thepartition 20 prevents thesampling box 21 from fully entering the inside of thesampling box chamber 19, and leaks a part of the front end of thesampling tank 16, so that after the soil sample is collected, it can be used Handpinches sampling box 21 and leakssampling groove 16 front ends, pulls out easily; The samplinghead transmission rod 13 is restricted from rotating; at the same time, the back-arrivingpiece abutment plate 1 is pressed against another sampling surface, so that the back-arrivingpiece transmission rod 3 cannot rotate, and the area in contact with the sampling surface of the back-arrivingpiece abutment plate 1 If it is greater than the sum of the contact areas of the front ends of thesampling boxes 21 and the sampling surface, then when the external thrust of the inner threadedsleeve 4 is applied at the same time, thesampling boxes 21 in thesampling box chamber 19 must be pushed into the sampling surface. In this case, turn thetransmission handwheel 5 counterclockwise, and the force pushed to both ends is transmitted from theinternal thread sleeve 4 to the rear abutment and the sampling head. If the sampling surface is tightened, the purpose of pushing thesampling box 21 in thesampling box chamber 19 into the sampling surface can be achieved under the drive of the screw thread.

如图3、8所示，所述的采样槽16底面位于采样头连接筋板12两侧开有气孔24，每两个气孔24与一个采样盒室19相通，气孔24与采样盒室19底部依靠隔台20隔成空隙；气孔24与采样盒室19底部依靠隔台20隔成空隙配合，能够达到采样时平衡采样盒室19内外气压，从而达到不对土壤样品压缩及扰动的目的；采样槽16左右面伸出采样槽16底面一部分，沿垂直方向在采样槽16底面两侧形成切具滑轨18，与切具滑轨槽17连接；As shown in Figures 3 and 8, the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 is located at the two sides of the connectingrib 12 of the sampling head and hasair holes 24, and every twoair holes 24 communicate with asampling box chamber 19, and theair holes 24 are connected to the bottom of thesampling box chamber 19 Rely on thepartition 20 to form a gap; theair hole 24 and the bottom of thesampling box chamber 19 rely on thepartition 20 to form a gap to cooperate, so that the air pressure inside and outside thesampling box chamber 19 can be balanced during sampling, so as to achieve the purpose of not compressing and disturbing the soil sample; A part of the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 protrudes from the left and right sides of the 16, and acutter slide rail 18 is formed on both sides of the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 along the vertical direction, and is connected with the cutterslide rail groove 17;

如图5、13所示，所述的采样盒21为沿水平方向前后两端开口的中空长方体，其宽度和高度要求正好放入采样盒室19内，当装入采样盒室19后，要求凸出采样盒室槽16前端开口面的距离3cm；这样方便采样盒21从采样盒室19装入和拿出；采样盒21备有采样盒前盖25与采样盒后盖26，每个采样盒21的盒体两端的形状和尺寸与采样盒前盖25、采样盒后盖26的形状和尺寸要相互配合；使用时将不同的采样盒21、采样盒前盖25与采样盒后盖26分别编号，便于分析土壤不同层次的容重等指标；As shown in Figures 5 and 13, the describedsampling box 21 is a hollow cuboid with front and rear openings along the horizontal direction, and its width and height requirements are just placed in thesampling box chamber 19. Protrude the distance 3cm of the opening surface of the front end of the samplingbox chamber groove 16; it is convenient for thesampling box 21 to be loaded into and taken out from thesampling box chamber 19 like this; The shape and size of the two ends of the box body of thebox 21 and the shape and size of the samplingbox front cover 25 and the samplingbox back cover 26 will cooperate with each other;different sampling boxes 21, the samplingbox front cover 25 and the samplingbox back cover 26 Numbered separately, it is convenient to analyze the bulk density and other indicators of different layers of soil;

如图1、2、3、8、9所示，土壤样品切具由土壤样品切刀10、切具滑轨槽17、切具阻板23及切具顶盖9组成；As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 8, and 9, the soil sample cutter is composed of asoil sample cutter 10, a cutterslide rail groove 17, acutter resistance plate 23 and acutter top cover 9;

所述的土壤样品切刀10的结构为后端沿垂直方向开口的中空长方体，开口一面沿垂直方向分别设有切具滑轨槽17，与采样槽16上的切具滑轨18连接，控制土壤样品切刀10的前后左右方向，使土壤样品切刀10只能上下移动；土壤样品切刀10上段设有切具阻板23，切具阻板23的高度控制样品切刀10向下使用时深度刚好达到采样槽16最下端的采样盒21为止；切具阻板23的上面是土壤样品切具顶盖9；将土壤样品切具的土壤样品切刀10用力垂直向下压入土壤，能够完全将土壤样品包裹在采样盒21内。The structure of thesoil sample cutter 10 is a hollow cuboid whose rear end opens vertically, and one side of the opening is respectively provided with cutterslide rail grooves 17 along the vertical direction, which are connected with thecutter slide rails 18 on thesampling tank 16 for control. The front, rear, left, and right directions of thesoil sample cutter 10 make thesoil sample cutter 10 only move up and down; the upper section of thesoil sample cutter 10 is provided with a cuttingtool resistance plate 23, and the height of the cuttingtool resistance plate 23 controls thesample cutter 10 to be used downward. When the depth just reaches thesampling box 21 at the bottom of thesampling tank 16; the top of the cuttingtool resistance plate 23 is the soil sample cuttingtool top cover 9; the soilsample cutting knife 10 of the soil sample cutting tool is pressed vertically downward into the soil, The soil sample can be completely wrapped in thesampling box 21 .

本发明的动态工作过程是：Dynamic working process of the present invention is:

1.如图10所示，将后抵件、传动单元、采样头除土壤样品切具外组合在一起，将组合好后的土壤取样器放入事先挖好的约600cm×400cm的长方体采样坑中，坑的深度随采样要求而定，一般要求超过500cm。采样盒21前端对准土壤采样面，顺时针或逆时针旋转传动手轮5，使后抵件抵板1抵紧与采样面对应的采样坑的另一面，并使后抵件及采样槽16不随传动手轮5的转动而转动。继续逆时针旋转传动手轮5，使采样盒21慢慢完全进入采样面的土壤里，停止旋转传动手轮5。1. As shown in Figure 10, assemble the back piece, transmission unit, and sampling head together except the soil sample cutter, and put the assembled soil sampler into a pre-dug cuboid sampling pit of about 600cm×400cm Among them, the depth of the pit depends on the sampling requirements, and generally requires more than 500cm. The front end of thesampling box 21 is aligned with the soil sampling surface, and thetransmission handwheel 5 is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, so that therear contact member 1 is pressed against the other side of the sampling pit corresponding to the sampling surface, and the rear contact member and thesampling tank 16 does not rotate with the rotation oftransmission handwheel 5. Continue to rotate thetransmission handwheel 5 counterclockwise to make thesampling box 21 slowly and fully enter the soil on the sampling surface, and stop rotating thetransmission handwheel 5.

2.如图11所示，将土壤样品切具前端的切具滑轨槽17底部与切具滑轨18上部连接，用手向下按下或者用胶锤向下砸下土壤切具顶盖9，使土壤样品切刀10进入土壤，直至上层切具阻板23与采样槽16接触，表示土壤样品切刀10已到达采样槽16底端最后一个采样盒21，垂直方向切断了土壤样品，并将土壤样品完全包裹在采样槽16内。2. As shown in Figure 11, connect the bottom of the cutterslide rail groove 17 at the front end of the soil sample cutter to the upper part of thecutter slide rail 18, and press down by hand or use a rubber hammer to knock down the top cover of the soil cutter 9. Make thesoil sample cutter 10 enter the soil until the uppercutter blocking plate 23 contacts thesampling groove 16, indicating that thesoil sample cutter 10 has reached thelast sampling box 21 at the bottom of thesampling groove 16, and the soil sample is cut off vertically. And the soil sample is completely wrapped in thesampling groove 16.

3.如图12所示，通过转动传动手轮5来调整前抵件阻块6与采样面之间的距离，直至在前抵件阻块6与采样面之间能够放入前抵件；将前抵件紧固件8抵在前抵件阻块6前端后，并用前抵件紧固螺栓15穿过前抵件连接耳7将左右前抵件紧固件8锁紧。调整左右前抵件抵板11，令其半圆形直边与采样槽16左右面平行，不阻挡采样槽16出土。顺时针旋转传动手轮5，前抵件抵板11慢慢顶紧采样面，采样头慢慢被提拔出土壤采样面；3. As shown in Figure 12, adjust the distance between thefront block 6 and the sampling surface by turning thetransmission handwheel 5 until the front block can be placed between thefront block 6 and the sampling surface; Arrest thefasteners 8 of the front abutment behind the front end of theblock 6 of the front abutment, and use thefastening bolts 15 of the front abutment to pass through the connectingear 7 of thefront abutment 7 to lock thefasteners 8 of the front abutment left and right. Adjust the left and right front parts to reach theplate 11, make its semicircle straight side parallel with thesampling tank 16 left and right sides, do not stop thesampling tank 16 from being unearthed. Rotate thetransmission handwheel 5 clockwise, and thefront abutment plate 11 slowly pushes against the sampling surface, and the sampling head is slowly lifted out of the soil sampling surface;

4.如图13所示，沿切具滑轨18长度方向拔出土壤样品切刀10，握紧采样盒21突出采样槽16部分，将其拔出采样槽16，用铲刀等刮平突出采样盒21的土壤样品边缘，盖上采样盒前盖25及后盖26，完成一次采样。4. As shown in Figure 13, pull out thesoil sample cutter 10 along the length direction of thecutter slide rail 18, hold thesampling box 21 protruding from thesampling groove 16, pull it out of thesampling groove 16, and use a spatula to flatten the protruding part Cover thefront cover 25 and theback cover 26 of the sampling box on the edge of the soil sample of thesampling box 21 to complete a sampling.

5.可根据取样要求继续沿采样坑深度方向向下进行采样。5. Sampling can be continued down along the depth direction of the sampling pit according to the sampling requirements.

有益效果：一种土壤采样器，当向一个方向转动传动单元的传动手轮时，通过杠杆作用及正反螺纹传动杆，后抵件和采样头分别得到垂直于手轮方向的向外作用力，因为后抵件抵板与土壤剖面接触面积大于采样头与土壤采样面接触面积，所以后抵件受到阻挡并不随传动单元的转动而转动时，采样头获得向外的推动力，从而使采样头进入采样面采样，当向另一个方向转动传动单元的传动手轮时，利用相似的作用原理及前抵件装置，采样头获得向内的拉力，退出采样面，从而达到省力的目的，可以在较硬的板结土壤中较轻松地取样；采样头设有土壤样品切具，在土壤样品进入采样盒后，利用土壤样品切具将采样盒内的样品与土壤完全分离，保证样品不会滑脱，可以在较松散的、样品难以成型的土壤中采样；采样头设有多个采样盒室，保证土壤样品精细分层，多个样品可同时采取，采样盒室底段留有空隙，同时侧壁有隔台，底部有通气孔，保证采样盒进样时内外气压平衡，土壤不被扰动，实现原位采样；采样盒体积及重量一定，方便土壤样品容重的测定。Beneficial effects: a soil sampler, when the transmission handwheel of the transmission unit is turned in one direction, through the lever action and the positive and negative threaded transmission rod, the rear arrival piece and the sampling head respectively obtain an outward force perpendicular to the direction of the handwheel , because the contact area between the back-arresting plate and the soil profile is greater than the contact area between the sampling head and the soil sampling surface, so when the back-arresting member is blocked and does not rotate with the rotation of the transmission unit, the sampling head obtains an outward driving force, thereby making the sampling When the head enters the sampling surface for sampling, when the transmission handwheel of the transmission unit is turned in the other direction, the sampling head obtains the inward pulling force and exits the sampling surface by using the similar principle of action and the front-arresting device, so as to achieve the purpose of labor saving, which can It is easier to sample in hard compacted soil; the sampling head is equipped with a soil sample cutter. After the soil sample enters the sampling box, the soil sample cutter is used to completely separate the sample in the sampling box from the soil to ensure that the sample will not slip. , it can be sampled in loose soil where the sample is difficult to form; the sampling head is equipped with multiple sampling boxes to ensure that the soil samples are finely layered, and multiple samples can be taken at the same time. There is a gap at the bottom of the sampling box. There is a partition on the wall and a ventilation hole at the bottom to ensure the balance of the internal and external air pressure when the sampling box is injected, and the soil is not disturbed to realize in-situ sampling; the volume and weight of the sampling box are fixed, which is convenient for the determination of the bulk density of soil samples.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明构成示意图的俯视图。Fig. 1 is a top view of the schematic diagram of the present invention.

图2是本发明构成示意图的主视图。Fig. 2 is a front view of a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

图3是图1的I-I剖面图。Fig. 3 is an I-I sectional view of Fig. 1 .

图4是图1中A的放大图。Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of A in Fig. 1 .

图5是图3中B的放大图。Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of B in Fig. 3 .

图6是图2的II-II剖面图。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of II-II in FIG. 2 .

图7是图2的III-III剖面图。Fig. 7 is a III-III sectional view of Fig. 2 .

图8是图2的IV-IV剖面图。FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 2 .

图9是图2的V-V剖面图。Fig. 9 is a V-V sectional view of Fig. 2 .

图10是本发明的工作状态示意图之一。Fig. 10 is one of the working state schematic diagrams of the present invention.

图11是本发明的工作状态示意图之二。Fig. 11 is the second schematic diagram of the working state of the present invention.

图12是本发明的工作状态示意图之三。Fig. 12 is the third schematic view of the working state of the present invention.

图13是本发明的工作状态示意图之四。Fig. 13 is the fourth schematic view of the working state of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本发明提供的土壤采样器由后抵件、传动单元、采样头及前抵件组成；The soil sampler provided by the present invention is composed of a rear abutment, a transmission unit, a sampling head and a front abutment;

特别申明，在本发明中，采样盒21一端的方向为本发明及其各部件沿水平方向的前端，后抵件抵板1一端的方向为本发明及其各部件沿水平方向的后端。同时，涉及传动手轮5顺时针及逆时针的转动方向时，使用者的视线都是以由本发明的前端朝向后端的方向为准。In particular, in the present invention, the direction of one end of thesampling box 21 is the front end of the present invention and its components along the horizontal direction, and the direction of one end of therear abutment plate 1 is the rear end of the present invention and its components along the horizontal direction. At the same time, when it comes to the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation directions of thetransmission handwheel 5, the user's line of sight is based on the direction from the front end to the rear end of the present invention.

如图1、2、3、6所示，所述的后抵件由后抵件抵板1及后抵件传动杆3组成；所述的后抵件抵板1为圆板，圆柱形的后抵件传动杆3的后端通过四块后抵件加强筋板2与后抵件抵板1焊接连接，前端与内螺纹套筒4的后端通过正螺纹连接；以上部件的协同技术功能是：当后抵件抵板1抵在土壤采样坑的采样面上时，由于采样面的摩擦力或者人为施加外力，如用手扳住后抵件加强筋板2，都可使后抵件不随内螺纹套筒4转动，在这种情况下可使内螺纹套筒4通过手轮5的转动在螺纹带动下前后运动。As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 6, the rear abutment is composed of arear abutment plate 1 and a rearabutment drive rod 3; the backabutment abutment plate 1 is a circular plate, cylindrical The rear end of the rear-arrest transmission rod 3 is welded and connected to the rear-arrest member 1 through four rear-arrestreinforcement rib plates 2, and the front end is connected to the rear end of theinternal thread sleeve 4 through positive threads; the synergistic technical functions of the above components Yes: When the rear-arrestingmember abutment plate 1 is on the sampling surface of the soil sampling pit, due to the friction of the sampling surface or artificial external force, if the rear-arriving member reinforcingrib plate 2 is pulled by hand, the rear-arriving member can be made Does not rotate with the internally threadedsleeve 4, in this case the internally threadedsleeve 4 can be moved back and forth by the rotation of thehand wheel 5 driven by the thread.

如图1、7所示，所述的传动单元由内螺纹套筒4和传动手轮5组成；传动手轮5与内螺纹套筒4在内螺纹套筒4的中部采用键22连接，内螺纹套筒4的前端内部为反内螺纹，与采样头传动杆13的后端反螺纹连接，内螺纹套筒4的后端内部为正内螺纹，与后抵件传动杆3的前端正螺纹连接；内螺纹套筒4的前端外部焊接有圆管状的前抵件阻块6；以上部件的协同技术功能是：沿逆时针方向转动传动手轮5，通过键22带动内螺纹套筒4转动，当施加外力，使后抵件传动杆3及采样槽16不随内螺纹套筒4转动，那么将使后抵件抵板1与采样头同时沿内螺纹套筒4向两边相对扩张运动；反之，沿顺时针方向转动传动手轮5，当施加外力，使后抵件传动杆3及采样头不随内螺纹套筒4转动，那么将使后抵件抵板1与采样头同时沿内螺纹套筒4向两边相对收缩运动；当后抵件抵板1与采样头前端的采样盒21同时抵紧土壤采样面时，将使后抵件传动杆3及采样头不随内螺纹套筒4转动，同时由于后抵件抵板1与土壤采样面的接触面积大于采样盒21与土壤采样面的接触面积，那么逆时针旋转手轮5必然推动采样盒21及采样槽16进入土壤采样面，进而采集土样。As shown in Figures 1 and 7, the transmission unit is composed of an internally threaded sleeve 4 and a transmission handwheel 5; the middle part of the transmission handwheel 5 and the internally threaded sleeve 4 is connected by a key 22, and the internal The inside of the front end of the threaded sleeve 4 is a reverse internal thread, which is connected with the reverse thread at the rear end of the sampling head transmission rod 13; connection; the front end of the internally threaded sleeve 4 is welded with a circular tubular front block 6; the collaborative technical function of the above components is: rotate the transmission handwheel 5 in the counterclockwise direction, and drive the internally threaded sleeve 4 to rotate through the key 22 , when an external force is applied so that the rear-arriving member transmission rod 3 and the sampling groove 16 do not rotate with the internal thread sleeve 4, then the rear-arriving member abutment plate 1 and the sampling head will expand and move relatively to both sides along the internal thread sleeve 4 at the same time; otherwise , turn the transmission handwheel 5 clockwise, when an external force is applied so that the transmission rod 3 and the sampling head do not rotate with the internal thread sleeve 4, then the rear arrival plate 1 and the sampling head will move along the internal thread sleeve at the same time.Cylinder 4 shrinks relative to both sides; when the rear-arrestingmember 1 and thesampling box 21 at the front end of the sampling head press against the soil sampling surface at the same time, the rear-arrivingmember transmission rod 3 and the sampling head will not rotate with theinternal thread sleeve 4, Simultaneously because the contact area of theback arrival plate 1 and the soil sampling surface is greater than the contact area of thesampling box 21 and the soil sampling surface, the anticlockwise rotation of thehand wheel 5 must push thesampling box 21 and thesampling groove 16 into the soil sampling surface, and then collect Soil sample.

如图1、2、3、8所示，所述的前抵件包括前抵件抵板11与前抵件紧固件8；前抵件抵板11为两块半圆板；紧固件8为两根对称的半圆形圆管；前抵件连接筋板14为两块L形钢板，两块L形钢板前端分别垂直焊接于前抵件抵板11的半圆板，两块L形钢板后端分别与紧固件8的两根对称的半圆形圆管的脊部垂直焊接；左右对称的L形前抵件连接筋板14内部组成的U形空隙的长度要大于采样头连接筋板12以及采样槽16与土壤样品切具通过切具滑轨18和切具滑轨槽17结合后形成的部件的长度之和，以便留有足够的空间令进入土壤采样面后的采样头可以从采样面拔出；As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 8, the front abutment includes afront abutment plate 11 and afront abutment fastener 8; the frontabutment abutment plate 11 is two semicircular plates; thefastener 8 It is two symmetrical semicircular round tubes; the connectingrib plate 14 of the front part is two L-shaped steel plates, and the front ends of the two L-shaped steel plates are vertically welded to the semicircular plate of the front part. The rear ends are vertically welded to the ridges of the two symmetrical semicircular tubes of thefastener 8 respectively; the length of the U-shaped space formed inside the left and right symmetrical L-shaped frontcontact rib plate 14 is greater than that of the sampling headconnection rib Plate 12 andsampling groove 16 and the length sum of the parts formed after the soil sample cutter is combined bycutter slide rail 18 and cutterslide rail groove 17, so that enough space is left to allow the sampling head after entering the soil sampling surface Pull out from the sampling surface;

所述的紧固件8左右两根对称的半圆形圆管的彼此对接部分两边分别焊接有上下两个正方形片状的前抵件连接耳7，正方形片状的前抵件连接耳7呈两两对应关系，两个对应的前抵件连接耳7的中间开孔有前抵件紧固螺栓15分别从中穿过，将紧固件8锁紧并抵在前抵件阻块6的前端；以上部件的协同技术功能是：当采样槽16没入采样面后，在前抵件阻块6与采样头之间放入前抵件，将两块前抵件抵板11抵在采样面上并在中间预留采样槽16的出土位置，通过前抵件连接耳7及前抵件紧固螺栓15将紧固件8锁紧在前抵件阻块6的前端；当顺时针旋转传动手轮5时，缩短了内螺纹套筒4与采样槽16之间的距离，使前抵件抵板11抵紧采样面，由于前抵件抵板11与采样面作用而提供给采样头的，方向为由前端向后端的作用力大于各采样盒21与采样面的摩擦力，因此不断旋转传动手轮5，没入采样面的采样槽16就会被拔出采样面。The two sides of the two symmetrical semicircular round tubes of thefastener 8 are respectively welded with two upper and lower square sheet-shapedfront connecting ears 7, which are in the shape of Two corresponding relationship, the middle openings of the connectingears 7 of the two corresponding front abutment pieces have front abutmentpiece fastening bolts 15 passing through them respectively, and thefasteners 8 are locked and abutted against the front end of the frontabutment piece block 6 The cooperative technical function of the above parts is: after thesampling groove 16 is submerged in the sampling surface, put the front arrival piece between the front arrivalpiece resistance block 6 and the sampling head, and two front arrivalpiece arrival plates 11 are placed on the sampling surface And reserve the unearthed position ofsampling groove 16 in the middle, by the front end of connectingear 7 and frontend fastening bolt 15,fastener 8 is locked on the front end offront end block 6; When thewheel 5 is used, the distance between theinternal thread sleeve 4 and thesampling groove 16 is shortened, so that thefront abutment plate 11 is pressed against the sampling surface, and it is provided to the sampling head due to the action of thefront abutment plate 11 and the sampling surface. Direction is that the active force from the front end to the rear end is greater than the frictional force between eachsampling box 21 and the sampling surface, so the drivinghandwheel 5 is continuously rotated, and thesampling groove 16 submerged in the sampling surface will be pulled out of the sampling surface.

所述的采样头包括采样头传动杆13、采样槽16、采样盒21及土壤样品切具；Described sampling head comprises samplinghead driving rod 13,sampling tank 16,sampling box 21 and soil sample cutter;

如图1、2、3、9所示，所述的采样槽16为中空长方形箱体，沿水平方向在前端开口，对应未开口的一面的为采样槽16的底面；两块对称的采样头连接筋板12分别与该采样槽16的底面和采样头传动杆13前端焊接；采样头传动杆13为圆柱体，其后端通过反向螺纹与内螺纹套筒4的前端螺纹连接；前抵件长度为前抵件抵板11与前抵件紧固件8两端之间的总长度，采样头传动杆13的总长度要求略长于前抵件长度，便于在内螺纹套筒4与采样槽16之间放入前抵件；As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 9, thesampling tank 16 is a hollow rectangular box with an opening at the front end along the horizontal direction, and the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 corresponds to the unopened side; two symmetrical sampling heads The connectingrib 12 is welded with the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 and the front end of the samplinghead transmission rod 13 respectively; the samplinghead transmission rod 13 is a cylinder, and its rear end is threadedly connected with the front end of theinternal thread sleeve 4 through reverse threads; The length of the piece is the total length between thefront plate 11 and the two ends of thefastening member 8 of the front piece. The total length of the samplinghead transmission rod 13 is required to be slightly longer than the length of the front piece, which is convenient for the inner threadedsleeve 4 and the sampling Put the front contact piece between theslots 16;

所述的采样槽16前端开口一面被隔成高度为1cm的若干个采样盒室19；采样盒21为沿水平方向前后两端开口的中空长方体，其宽度和高度要求正好放入采样盒室19内；每个采样盒21与采样盒室19的尺寸紧密配合，使采样盒21刚好能够卡入采样室19内部，采样盒21由采样槽16开口端装入；采样盒室19靠近采样槽16底面的部分为采样盒室19的底部，在每个采样盒室19底部上下内壁设有凸出的隔台20，当装入采样盒室19后，在采样盒室19底部与采样盒21间形成空隙；采样盒21与隔台20接触后要露出采样槽16前端开口面的距离3cm；One side of the front end opening of thesampling tank 16 is divided into severalsampling box chambers 19 with a height of 1 cm; thesampling box 21 is a hollow cuboid with openings at the front and rear ends along the horizontal direction, and its width and height requirements are just placed in thesampling box chamber 19 Inside; eachsampling box 21 is closely matched with the size of thesampling box chamber 19, so that thesampling box 21 can just snap into the interior of thesampling chamber 19, and thesampling box 21 is loaded into the opening end of thesampling slot 16; thesampling box chamber 19 is close to thesampling slot 16 The part of the bottom surface is the bottom of thesampling box chamber 19, and the upper and lower inner walls at the bottom of eachsampling box chamber 19 are provided with protrudingpartitions 20. Form a gap; thesampling box 21 will expose the distance 3cm of the opening surface of the front end of thesampling tank 16 after thesampling box 21 contacts with thespacer 20;

设置隔台20的第一个目的是保证原位采样，土壤样品不被压缩；隔台20的设置阻止采样盒21接触到采样盒室19底部，当土样进入采样盒21后，在采样盒室19底部与采样盒21间形成空隙，以便土样进入采样盒21后有一定的缓冲空间，不压缩土样；同时与气孔24配合，达到平衡采样盒21内外气压，保证所采集的土样不被压缩的目的。设置隔台20的第二个目的是方便采样盒21的拿取；隔台20使采样盒21不能完全进入采样盒室19内部，漏出采样槽16前端一部分，这样当采完土样后，可用手捏住采样盒21漏出采样槽16前端部分，轻易拔出；以上部件的协同技术功能是：当采样盒室19中的采样盒21前端抵紧采样面时，采样槽16即不能转动，既限制了采样头传动杆13不能转动；同时，后抵件抵板1抵紧另一采样面，使后抵件传动杆3不能转动，又由于后抵件抵板1的与采样面接触的面积大于各采样盒21前端与采样面接触的面积之和，那么在同时受内螺纹套筒4向外的推动力时，必然推动采样盒室19中的采样盒21抵进采样面。在这种情况下，逆时针转动传动手轮5，向两端推动的力从内螺纹套筒4向两边传动给后抵件及采样头，由于后抵件抵板1与采样盒21都抵紧采样面，那么在螺纹的带动下，能够达到将采样盒室19中的采样盒21抵进采样面的目的。The first purpose of setting thespacer 20 is to ensure in-situ sampling and the soil sample is not compressed; the setting of thespacer 20 prevents thesampling box 21 from touching the bottom of thesampling box chamber 19, and when the soil sample enters thesampling box 21, it will A gap is formed between the bottom of thechamber 19 and thesampling box 21, so that the soil sample has a certain buffer space after entering thesampling box 21, and the soil sample is not compressed; at the same time, it cooperates with theair hole 24 to achieve a balanced air pressure inside and outside thesampling box 21, ensuring that the collected soil samples not to be compressed on purpose. The second purpose of setting thepartition 20 is to facilitate the taking of thesampling box 21; thepartition 20 prevents thesampling box 21 from fully entering the inside of thesampling box chamber 19, and leaks a part of the front end of thesampling tank 16, so that after the soil sample is collected, it can be used Hand pinchessampling box 21 andleaks sampling groove 16 front ends, pulls out easily; The samplinghead transmission rod 13 is restricted from rotating; at the same time, the back-arrivingpiece abutment plate 1 is pressed against another sampling surface, so that the back-arrivingpiece transmission rod 3 cannot rotate, and the area in contact with the sampling surface of the back-arrivingpiece abutment plate 1 If it is greater than the sum of the contact areas of the front ends of thesampling boxes 21 and the sampling surface, then when the external thrust of the inner threadedsleeve 4 is applied at the same time, thesampling boxes 21 in thesampling box chamber 19 must be pushed into the sampling surface. In this case, turn thetransmission handwheel 5 counterclockwise, and the force pushed to both ends is transmitted from theinternal thread sleeve 4 to the rear abutment and the sampling head. If the sampling surface is tightened, the purpose of pushing thesampling box 21 in thesampling box chamber 19 into the sampling surface can be achieved under the drive of the screw thread.

如图3、8所示，所述的采样槽16底面位于采样头连接筋板12两侧开有气孔24，每两个气孔24与一个采样盒室19相通，气孔24与采样盒室19底部依靠隔台20隔成空隙；气孔24与采样盒室19底部依靠隔台20隔成空隙配合，能够达到采样时平衡采样盒室19内外气压，从而达到不对土壤样品压缩及扰动的目的；采样槽16左右面伸出采样槽16底面一部分，沿垂直方向在采样槽16底面两侧形成切具滑轨18，与切具滑轨槽17连接；As shown in Figures 3 and 8, the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 is located at the two sides of the connectingrib 12 of the sampling head and hasair holes 24, and every twoair holes 24 communicate with asampling box chamber 19, and the air holes 24 are connected to the bottom of thesampling box chamber 19 Rely on thepartition 20 to form a gap; theair hole 24 and the bottom of thesampling box chamber 19 rely on thepartition 20 to form a gap to cooperate, so that the air pressure inside and outside thesampling box chamber 19 can be balanced during sampling, so as to achieve the purpose of not compressing and disturbing the soil sample; A part of the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 protrudes from the left and right sides of the 16, and acutter slide rail 18 is formed on both sides of the bottom surface of thesampling tank 16 along the vertical direction, and is connected with the cutterslide rail groove 17;

如图5、13所示，所述的采样盒21为沿水平方向前后两端开口的中空长方体，其宽度和高度要求正好放入采样盒室19内，当装入采样盒室19后，要求凸出采样盒室槽16前端开口面的距离3cm；这样方便采样盒21从采样盒室19装入和拿出；采样盒21备有采样盒前盖25与采样盒后盖26，每个采样盒21的盒体两端的形状和尺寸与采样盒前盖25、采样盒后盖26的形状和尺寸要相互配合；使用时将不同的采样盒21、采样盒前盖25与采样盒后盖26分别编号，便于分析土壤不同层次的容重等指标；As shown in Figures 5 and 13, the describedsampling box 21 is a hollow cuboid with front and rear openings along the horizontal direction, and its width and height requirements are just placed in thesampling box chamber 19. Protrude the distance 3cm of the opening surface of the front end of the samplingbox chamber groove 16; it is convenient for thesampling box 21 to be loaded into and taken out from thesampling box chamber 19 like this; The shape and size of the two ends of the box body of thebox 21 and the shape and size of the samplingbox front cover 25 and the samplingbox back cover 26 will cooperate with each other;different sampling boxes 21, the samplingbox front cover 25 and the samplingbox back cover 26 Numbered separately, it is convenient to analyze the bulk density and other indicators of different layers of soil;

如图1、2、3、8、9所示，土壤样品切具由土壤样品切刀10、切具滑轨槽17、切具阻板23及切具顶盖9组成；As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 8, and 9, the soil sample cutter is composed of asoil sample cutter 10, a cutterslide rail groove 17, acutter resistance plate 23 and a cuttertop cover 9;

所述的土壤样品切刀10的结构为后端沿垂直方向开口的中空长方体，开口一面沿垂直方向分别设有切具滑轨槽17，与采样槽16上的切具滑轨18连接，控制土壤样品切刀10的前后左右方向，使土壤样品切刀10只能上下移动；土壤样品切刀10上段设有切具阻板23，切具阻板23的高度控制样品切刀10向下使用时深度刚好达到采样槽16最下端的采样盒21为止；切具阻板23的上面是土壤样品切具顶盖9；将土壤样品切具的土壤样品切刀10用力垂直向下压入土壤，能够完全将土壤样品包裹在采样盒21内。The structure of thesoil sample cutter 10 is a hollow cuboid whose rear end opens vertically, and one side of the opening is respectively provided with cutterslide rail grooves 17 along the vertical direction, which are connected with the cutter slide rails 18 on thesampling tank 16 for control. The front, rear, left, and right directions of thesoil sample cutter 10 make thesoil sample cutter 10 only move up and down; the upper section of thesoil sample cutter 10 is provided with a cuttingtool resistance plate 23, and the height of the cuttingtool resistance plate 23 controls thesample cutter 10 to be used downward. When the depth just reaches thesampling box 21 at the bottom of thesampling tank 16; the top of the cuttingtool resistance plate 23 is the soil sample cutting tooltop cover 9; the soilsample cutting knife 10 of the soil sample cutting tool is pressed vertically downward into the soil, The soil sample can be completely wrapped in thesampling box 21 .

本发明整体为不锈钢材料制作。采样槽16、采样盒室19、采样盒21、采样盒前盖25、采样盒后盖26以及土壤样品切具壁厚采用0.5mm，便于减少对土壤的扰动，同时达到省力的目的，其他涉及的钢板及钢管壁厚采用2-4mm；后抵件抵板1及前抵件抵板11采用直径300mm的圆板，既满足功能要求又方便携带；后抵件传动杆3长度为200mm，采样头传动杆13长度分别为300mm，螺杆部分分别采用M16-M18正反外螺纹，后抵件传动杆3螺杆部分长度150mm，采样头传动杆13螺杆部分长度250mm，内螺纹套筒4长度为450mm，内部正反内螺纹与后抵件传动杆3及采样头传动杆13螺杆部分长度相当，且满足内螺纹套筒4的正反内螺纹长度分别大于后抵件传动杆3与采样头传动杆13的外螺纹长度50mm左右的条件；手轮200-300mm，中部镂空以减轻重量；前抵件紧固件8的内径与内螺纹套筒4的外径相同，外径与前抵件阻块6的外径相同；采样槽16长×宽×高＝100mm×100mm×300mm，土壤样品切刀10内部长×宽×高＝100mm×100mm×350mm，采样盒室19长×宽×高＝100mm×100mm×10mm，个数为30个；相应的采样盒21高度为10mm，因此，每个采样头采样盒室19及采样盒21为30个，可采样垂直深度为300mm，每使用一次可采1厘米高度定体积样品30个。The present invention is made of stainless steel material as a whole. The wall thickness ofsampling tank 16,sampling box chamber 19,sampling box 21, samplingbox front cover 25, samplingbox back cover 26 and soil sample cutting tool is 0.5mm, which is convenient to reduce disturbance to soil and achieve the purpose of labor saving. The wall thickness of the steel plate and steel pipe is 2-4mm; the back-arresting member 1 and the front-arriving member 11 adopt a circular plate with a diameter of 300mm, which not only meets the functional requirements but also is convenient to carry; The length of the head transmission rod 13 is 300mm, the screw part adopts M16-M18 positive and negative external threads respectively, the length of the screw part of the back-reaching transmission rod 3 is 150mm, the length of the screw part of the sampling head transmission rod 13 is 250mm, and the length of the internal thread sleeve 4 is 450mm , the internal positive and negative internal threads are equivalent to the length of the screw part of the back-arriving piece transmission rod 3 and the sampling head transmission rod 13, and the length of the positive and negative internal threads of the internal thread sleeve 4 is respectively greater than that of the back-arriving piece transmission rod 3 and the sampling head transmission rod The external thread length of 13 is about 50mm; the hand wheel is 200-300mm, and the middle part is hollowed out to reduce the weight; the inner diameter of the fastener 8 is the same as the outer diameter of the inner threaded sleeve 4, and the outer diameter is the same as the block of the front abutment 6 have the same outer diameter; sampling tank 16 length × width × height = 100mm × 100mm × 300mm, soil sample cutter 10 internal length × width × height = 100mm × 100mm × 350mm, sampling box chamber 19 length × width × height = 100mm ×100mm×10mm, the number is 30; the height of the corresponding sampling box 21 is 10mm, therefore, there are 30 sampling box chambers 19 and sampling boxes 21 for each sampling head, and the vertical sampling depth is 300mm. 30 samples with a fixed volume of 1 cm height.

本发明的动态工作过程是：Dynamic working process of the present invention is:

1.如图10所示，将后抵件、传动单元、采样头除土壤样品切具外组合在一起，将组合好后的土壤取样器放入事先挖好的约600cm×400cm的长方体采样坑中，坑的深度随采样要求而定，一般要求超过500cm。采样盒21前端对准土壤采样面，顺时针或逆时针旋转传动手轮5，使后抵件抵板1抵紧与采样面对应的采样坑的另一面，并使后抵件及采样槽16不随传动手轮5的转动而转动。继续逆时针旋转传动手轮5，使采样盒21慢慢完全进入采样面的土壤里，停止旋转传动手轮5。1. As shown in Figure 10, assemble the back piece, transmission unit, and sampling head together except the soil sample cutter, and put the assembled soil sampler into a pre-dug cuboid sampling pit of about 600cm×400cm Among them, the depth of the pit depends on the sampling requirements, and generally requires more than 500cm. The front end of thesampling box 21 is aligned with the soil sampling surface, and thetransmission handwheel 5 is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, so that therear contact member 1 is pressed against the other side of the sampling pit corresponding to the sampling surface, and the rear contact member and thesampling tank 16 does not rotate with the rotation oftransmission handwheel 5. Continue to rotate thetransmission handwheel 5 counterclockwise so that thesampling box 21 is slowly and completely entered into the soil on the sampling surface, and stop rotating thetransmission handwheel 5.

2.如图11所示，将土壤样品切具前端的切具滑轨槽17底部与切具滑轨18上部连接，用手向下按下或者用胶锤向下砸下土壤切具顶盖9，使土壤样品切刀10进入土壤，直至上层切具阻板23与采样槽16接触，表示土壤样品切刀10已到达采样槽16底端最后一个采样盒21，垂直方向切断了土壤样品，并将土壤样品完全包裹在采样槽16内。2. As shown in Figure 11, connect the bottom of the cutterslide rail groove 17 at the front end of the soil sample cutter to the upper part of thecutter slide rail 18, and press down by hand or use a rubber hammer to knock down the top cover of the soil cutter 9. Make thesoil sample cutter 10 enter the soil until the uppercutter blocking plate 23 contacts thesampling groove 16, indicating that thesoil sample cutter 10 has reached thelast sampling box 21 at the bottom of thesampling groove 16, and the soil sample is cut off vertically. And the soil sample is completely wrapped in thesampling groove 16.

3.如图12所示，通过转动传动手轮5来调整前抵件阻块6与采样面之间的距离，直至在前抵件阻块6与采样面之间能够放入前抵件；将前抵件紧固件8抵在前抵件阻块6前端后，并用前抵件紧固螺栓15穿过前抵件连接耳7将左右前抵件紧固件8锁紧。调整左右前抵件抵板11，令其半圆形直边与采样槽16左右面平行，不阻挡采样槽16出土。顺时针旋转传动手轮5，前抵件抵板11慢慢顶紧采样面，采样头慢慢被提拔出土壤采样面；3. As shown in Figure 12, adjust the distance between thefront block 6 and the sampling surface by turning thetransmission handwheel 5 until the front block can be placed between thefront block 6 and the sampling surface; Arrest thefasteners 8 of the front abutment behind the front end of theblock 6 of the front abutment, and use thefastening bolts 15 of the front abutment to pass through the connectingear 7 of thefront abutment 7 to lock thefasteners 8 of the front abutment left and right. Adjust the left and right front parts to reach theplate 11, make its semicircle straight side parallel with thesampling tank 16 left and right sides, do not stop thesampling tank 16 from being unearthed. Rotate thetransmission handwheel 5 clockwise, and thefront abutment plate 11 slowly pushes against the sampling surface, and the sampling head is slowly lifted out of the soil sampling surface;

4.如图13所示，沿切具滑轨18长度方向拔出土壤样品切刀10，握紧采样盒21突出采样槽16部分，将其拔出采样槽16，用铲刀等刮平突出采样盒21的土壤样品边缘，盖上采样盒前盖25及后盖26，完成一次采样。4. As shown in Figure 13, pull out thesoil sample cutter 10 along the length direction of thecutter slide rail 18, hold thesampling box 21 protruding from thesampling groove 16, pull it out of thesampling groove 16, and use a spatula to flatten the protruding part Cover thefront cover 25 and theback cover 26 of the sampling box on the edge of the soil sample of thesampling box 21 to complete a sampling.

5.可根据取样要求继续沿采样坑深度方向向下进行采样。5. Sampling can be continued down along the depth direction of the sampling pit according to the sampling requirements.

Claims (1)

1. soil sampler is characterized in that, it constitutes by the back forms to part, gear unit, sampling head and the preceding part that supports;

Supporting part after described is made up of to part drive link (3) to part follow block (1) and back the back; It is plectane that part follow block (1) is supported in described back, the rear end that part drive link (3) is supported in columniform back through support after four part strengthen gusset (2) with after be welded to connect to part follow block (1), front end is connected through plus thread with the rear end of inner thread sleeve (4);

Described gear unit is made up of inner thread sleeve (4) and transmission handwheel (5); Transmission handwheel (5) adopts key (22) to be connected with inner thread sleeve (4) at the middle part of inner thread sleeve (4), and the front end inside of inner thread sleeve (4) is anti-internal thread, is connected with the rear end left-hand thread of sampling head drive link (13); The front end outside weldings of inner thread sleeve (4) has the preceding part stop block (6) that supports of pipe shape;

Support before described and support part follow block (11) and the preceding part securing member (8) that supports before part comprises; Preceding is the semi-circular plate of two symmetries to part follow block (11); Securing member (8) is the semicircle pipe of two symmetries; Before support part to connect gusset (14) be the L shaped steel plate of two symmetries, two L shaped steel plate front ends support the semi-circular plate of part follow block (11) before vertical welding is connected to respectively, two L shaped steel plate rear ends respectively with vertical welding of spine of the semicircle pipe of two symmetries of securing member (8); The symmetrical L shaped preceding length that part connects the U-shaped space of forming gusset (14) inside of supporting is greater than sampling head connection gusset (12) and sampling groove (16) and cuts tool through cutting tool slide rail (18) and cutting the length sum that tool sliding-rail groove (17) combines the parts of back formation with pedotheque;

The both sides of butted part each other of the semicircle pipe of two symmetries are welded with the preceding part engaging lug (7) that supports of two square sheets up and down respectively about described securing member (8); The preceding part engaging lug (7) that supports of square sheet is corresponding relation in twos; Support part fastening bolt (15) before the preceding middle perforate of supporting part engaging lug (7) of two correspondences has and therefrom pass respectively, support the front end of part stop block (6) before securing member (8) is locked and is against;

Described sampling head comprises sampling head drive link (13), sample groove (16), sampling box (21) and pedotheque are cut tool;

Described sampling groove (16) is the hollow rectangular box, and along continuous straight runs is at front opening, and correspondence is the bottom surface for sampling groove (16) of the one side of opening not; The sampling head of two symmetries connects gusset (12) and welds with sampling head drive link (13) front end with the bottom surface of this sampling groove (16) respectively; Sampling head drive link (13) is a right cylinder, and its rear end is threaded through the front end of reverse thread with inner thread sleeve (4); The preceding part length of supporting is preceding part follow block (11) and the preceding total length that supports between part securing member (8) two ends of supporting, and the total length of sampling head drive link (13) requires slightly to be longer than the preceding part length of supporting;

Described sampling groove (16) front opening simultaneously is divided into and highly is several sampling box chambers (19) of 1cm; Sampling box (21) is the hollow rectangular parallelepiped of along continuous straight runs rear and front end opening, and its width and requirement for height are just in time put into sampling box chamber (19); Each sampling box (21) closely cooperates with the size of sampling box chamber (19), makes sampling box (21) just can snap in inside, sampling box chamber (19), and sampling box (21) is packed into by sampling groove (16) openend; Sampling box chamber (19) is the bottom of sampling box chamber (19) near the part of sampling groove (16) bottom surface; Inwall is provided with the separated platform (20) of protrusion about each bottom, sampling box chamber (19); Behind the sampling box chamber (19) of packing into, between sampling box chamber (19) bottom and sampling box (21), form the space; Sampling box (21) with to expose after contact at a distance from platform (20) groove (16) the front opening face of sampling apart from 3cm;

Described sampling groove (16) bottom surface is positioned at sampling head connection gusset (12) both sides and has pore a plurality of (24), and per two pores communicate with a sampling box chamber (19), and pore (24) relies at a distance from platform (20) with bottom, sampling box chamber (19) and is divided into the space;

Sampling box (21) has sampling box protecgulum (25) and sampling box bonnet (26), and the shape and size of the shape and size at the box body two ends of each sampling box (21) and sampling box protecgulum (25), sampling box bonnet (26) will cooperatively interact;

Described pedotheque cut tool by pedotheque cutting knife (10), cut tool sliding-rail groove (17), cut tool baffle-wall (23) and cut tool top cover (9) and form;

The structure of described pedotheque cutting knife (10) is the vertically hollow rectangular parallelepiped of opening of rear end; The opening one side vertically is respectively equipped with cuts tool sliding-rail groove (17); Be connected with the tool slide rail (18) of cutting on the sampling groove (16); The direction all around of control pedotheque cutting knife (10) can only move up and down pedotheque cutting knife (10); Pedotheque cutting knife (10) epimere is provided with cuts tool baffle-wall (23), the height control sample cutting knife (10) of cutting tool baffle-wall (23) when using downwards the degree of depth just reach till sampling groove (16) sampling box (21) bottom; Cut tool baffle-wall (23) above be that pedotheque is cut tool top cover (9).

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