CN101586981A - Constant-flow bubble type automatic water level measurement device with micro power consumption - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明的目的在于提供一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，包括室外单元和室内单元组成，所述室外单元包含作为核心控制设备的数据采集器、通过RS232C串行口连接的人工置数器、通过SDI－12接口连接的恒流气泡式水位计和气压计、通过RS232C串行口连接的通信设备以及2芯接口的12V直流供电电源；所述室内单元包含内置了应用软件的集中控制器和通过RS232C串行口连接的通信设备以及交直流供电电源，经过通信信道与室外单元连接。本发明克服国内、外恒流气泡式水位计测量误差随水位变幅增大而增大的不足，弥补其它恒流式气泡水位测量装置所忽略的误差，有效地提高了水位测量精度，可广泛应用于各种野外环境下水位自动测量。

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a micro-power consumption constant-flow bubble type automatic water level measuring device, which consists of an outdoor unit and an indoor unit. The outdoor unit includes a data collector as a core control device, an artificial A counter, a constant-flow bubble-type water level gauge and a barometer connected through the SDI-12 interface, a communication device connected through the RS232C serial port, and a 12V DC power supply with a 2-core interface; the indoor unit includes a built-in application software The centralized controller, the communication equipment connected through the RS232C serial port, and the AC and DC power supply are connected with the outdoor unit through the communication channel. The present invention overcomes the deficiency that the measurement error of domestic and foreign constant-flow bubble water level gauges increases with the increase of water level amplitude, makes up for the errors neglected by other constant-flow bubble water level measuring devices, effectively improves the accuracy of water level measurement, and can be widely used. It is applied to automatic measurement of water level in various field environments.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置A micro-power constant-flow bubble-type automatic water level measuring device

技术领域technical field

本发明属于传感器测量领域，特别涉及采用恒流气泡式水位计自动进行水位测量的装置。The invention belongs to the field of sensor measurement, in particular to a device for automatically measuring water level using a constant-flow bubble-type water level gauge.

背景技术Background technique

恒流气泡式水位计的工作原理：感压单元经过气路装置与气管相连，气管的开口端固定在水面下，当气路装置中的气压和水压达到平衡时，感压单元将该压力转换为水位高度。The working principle of the constant flow bubble water level gauge: the pressure sensing unit is connected to the air pipe through the air circuit device, and the open end of the air pipe is fixed under the water surface. When the air pressure and water pressure in the air circuit device reach a balance, the pressure sensing unit will Convert to water level height.

与传统的浮子式水位计相比，恒流气泡式水位计具有安装简单、无需建水位井、土建工作量小、投资少、建设周期短、量程大等优点，目前在水文自动测报系统中应用越来越广泛。Compared with the traditional float-type water level gauge, the constant-flow bubble-type water level gauge has the advantages of simple installation, no need to build a water level well, small civil engineering workload, low investment, short construction period, and large range. It is currently used in hydrological automatic measurement and reporting systems. more and more widely.

但在很多应用场合，恒流气泡式水位计的测量值和人工观测值之间存在较大误差，并且水位变幅越大则误差越大。目前普遍认为这种误差是现场的重力加速度及水密度与理论值之间的差异造成的。However, in many applications, there is a large error between the measured value of the constant-flow bubble water level gauge and the manual observation value, and the greater the amplitude of the water level, the greater the error. It is generally believed that this error is caused by the difference between the gravitational acceleration and water density at the scene and the theoretical value.

水位自动监测站基本分布在野外，温度变化范围大，电源供给困难；即使有交流电源，稳定性也很差，容易造成雷击。自动测量装置的环境适应性与微功耗要求极高。Water level automatic monitoring stations are basically distributed in the wild, with a wide range of temperature changes and difficult power supply; even with AC power, the stability is poor and it is easy to cause lightning strikes. The environmental adaptability and micro power consumption requirements of the automatic measuring device are extremely high.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，克服国内、外恒流气泡式水位计测量误差随水位变幅增大而增大的不足，弥补其它恒流式气泡水位测量装置所忽略的误差，有效地提高了水位测量精度，广泛应用于各种野外环境下水位自动测量。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a constant-flow bubble-type automatic water level measuring device with low power consumption, which overcomes the deficiency that the measurement error of domestic and foreign constant-flow bubble-type water level gauges increases with the increase of the water level, and makes up for other constant-flow bubble-type water level gauges. The error ignored by the water level measuring device effectively improves the accuracy of water level measurement, and is widely used in automatic water level measurement in various field environments.

本发明提供一种恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，主要由室外单元和室内单元组成。The invention provides a constant-flow bubble type automatic water level measuring device, which is mainly composed of an outdoor unit and an indoor unit.

所述室外单元包含作为核心控制设备的数据采集器、通过RS232C串行口连接的人工置数器、通过SDI-12接口连接的恒流气泡式水位计和气压计、通过RS232C串行口连接的通信设备以及2芯接口的12V直流供电电源，用于自动采集和保存水位数据并远程发送；The outdoor unit includes a data collector as the core control device, a manual counter connected through the RS232C serial port, a constant-flow bubble water level gauge and a barometer connected through the SDI-12 interface, and a Communication equipment and 12V DC power supply with 2-core interface for automatic collection and storage of water level data and remote transmission;

所述室内单元包含内置了应用软件的集中控制器和通过RS232C串行口连接的通信设备以及交直流供电电源，经过通信信道与室外单元连接，用于实时接收远程数据，实现存储、显示、查询、发布，并远程控制室外单元的工作模式、校时、取数。The indoor unit includes a centralized controller with built-in application software, a communication device connected through an RS232C serial port, and an AC/DC power supply, and is connected to the outdoor unit through a communication channel to receive remote data in real time and realize storage, display, and query , publish, and remotely control the working mode, timing, and data retrieval of the outdoor unit.

所述数据采集器包含主处理单元、通过I2C接口连接的传感器接口和实时时钟、通过SPI接口连接的远程通信接口和存储单元、通过RXD1和TXD1连接的本地显示接口、通过RXD0和TXD0连接的程序更新口，通过PA和PB并行口连接的USB接口、通过INT0和INT1连接的状态监测单元以及通过PC并行口连接的状态指示灯，用于自动管理传感器和通信设备电源，进行传感器采集、计算、存储、远程发送并响应控制命令。The data collector includes a main processing unit, a sensor interface and a real-time clock connected through an I2C interface, a remote communication interface and a storage unit connected through an SPI interface, a local display interface connected through RXD1 and TXD1, and a program connected through RXD0 and TXD0 The update port, the USB interface connected through the PA and PB parallel ports, the status monitoring unit connected through INT0 and INT1, and the status indicator connected through the PC parallel port are used to automatically manage the power supply of sensors and communication equipment, and perform sensor acquisition, calculation, Store, remotely send and respond to control commands.

所述人工置数器包含主处理单元、通过PA和PB并行口连接的4×5的键盘，通过PE和PF并行口连接的分辨率为160×128的液晶显示屏以及通过RXD和TXD连接的串口，用于对数据采集器进行参数设置和现场数据显示，平时液晶屏处于调电状态，主处理单元处于休眠状态，通过键盘操作唤醒主处理单元进入工作模式。The manual counter includes a main processing unit, a 4×5 keyboard connected through the PA and PB parallel ports, a 160×128 liquid crystal display connected through the PE and PF parallel ports, and a The serial port is used for parameter setting and on-site data display of the data collector. Usually, the LCD screen is in the state of power adjustment, and the main processing unit is in the dormant state. The main processing unit is awakened by keyboard operation to enter the working mode.

所述水位计用于测量气管安装位置的水压和水温，采用氮气瓶作为恒流气泡源，SDI-12接口输出。The water level gauge is used to measure the water pressure and water temperature at the installation position of the trachea, and a nitrogen bottle is used as a constant flow bubble source, and the SDI-12 interface is output.

所述气压计用于测量恒流气泡式水位计感压单元位置的大气压，采用SDI-12接口输出。The barometer is used to measure the atmospheric pressure at the position of the pressure-sensing unit of the constant-flow bubble-type water level gauge, and is output through the SDI-12 interface.

所述通信终端根据需要选用INMARSAT-C电台、北斗卫星电台、VHF电台、GSM移动终端或者PSTN调制解调器，用于进行远程数据传输。The communication terminal selects INMARSAT-C radio station, Beidou satellite radio station, VHF radio station, GSM mobile terminal or PSTN modem as required for remote data transmission.

所述供电电源采用蓄电池配太阳能板浮充方式，提供12V直流电源。The power supply adopts the floating charge mode of battery and solar panel, providing 12V DC power supply.

所述自动水位测量，包括以下步骤：The automatic water level measurement comprises the following steps:

1)根据水位计安装位置的经纬度和海拔高度，查表得到重力加速度g并输入到数据采集器中；1) According to the longitude, latitude and altitude of the installation position of the water level gauge, look up the table to get the acceleration of gravity g and input it into the data collector;

2)根据现场的水温，查表得到水的密度ρ并输入到数据采集器中；2) According to the water temperature on site, look up the table to get the density ρ of water and input it into the data collector;

3)测量气管两端的高差H并输入到数据采集器中；3) Measure the height difference H at both ends of the trachea and input it into the data collector;

4)数据采集器定时采集恒水位计的压力输出值P₀和气管内温度T，同时采集气压计的输出值P_Aa；4) The data collector regularly collects the pressure output value_P0 of the constant water level gauge and the temperature T in the trachea, and simultaneously collects the output value P_Aa of the barometer;

5)数据采集器根据公式(E2)计算水头高度；5) The data collector calculates the water head height according to the formula (E2);

$\mathrm{<span><span>h</span>h</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>P</span>P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>0</span>0</span>}}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>+</span>+</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>M</span>m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>N</span>N</span>}}\mathrm{<span><span>g</span>g</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>1000</span>1000</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>RT</span>RT</span>}}\mathrm{<span><span>H</span>h</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span><span><span>+</span>+</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>P</span>P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>Aa</span>A</span>}}\frac{<span><span>(</span>(</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>M</span>m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>N</span>N</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>M</span>m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}<span><span>)</span>)</span>\mathrm{<span><span>g</span>g</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>1000</span>1000</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>RT</span>RT</span>}}\mathrm{<span><span>H</span>h</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>g</span>g</span>}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>\&rho;</span>\&rho;</span>}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>P</span>P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>Aa</span>A</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>M</span>m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span><span>RT</span>RT</span>}}<span><span>)</span>)</span>}<span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>E</span>E.</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>2</span>2</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span>$

其中，in,

h：水头高度h: head height

P₀：恒流式气泡水位计输出压力P₀ : output pressure of constant flow bubble water level gauge

M_N：氮气分子量M_N : nitrogen molecular weight

M_a：空气分子量M_a : air molecular weight

g：恒流式气泡水位计安装现场的重力加速度g: The acceleration of gravity at the installation site of the constant flow bubble water level gauge

R：气体常数R: gas constant

T：恒流式气泡水位计安装现场的绝对温度T: the absolute temperature at the installation site of the constant flow bubble water level gauge

H：恒流式气泡水位计气管两端的竖直高差H: The vertical height difference between the two ends of the air pipe of the constant flow bubble water level gauge

P_Aa：恒流式气泡水位计安装现场的大气压力P_Aa : Atmospheric pressure at the installation site of the constant flow bubble water level gauge

ρ：恒流式气泡水位计安装现场水的密度。ρ: The density of water at the installation site of the constant-flow bubble water level gauge.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是测量装置系统结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the measuring device.

图2是数据采集器组成示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the data collector.

图3是水位计安装结构示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the water level gauge.

图4是水位自动测量流程图。Figure 4 is a flow chart of automatic water level measurement.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本发明的水位自动测量装置包括室外单元1和室内单元2，如图1所示。室外单元由数据采集器3、人工置数装置4、恒流气泡式水位计5、气压计6、通信设备7和电源8组成；室内单元由集中控制器9、通信终端10和电源组成11。人工置数装置4通过RS232C串行口与数据采集器3相连，它包含4×5的键盘和160×128的液晶显示屏，MEGA128单片机作为主处理器，平时处于休眠状态，由键盘触发进入工作模式，进行参数设置和现场数据显示，工作结束后自动进入休眠状态。恒流气泡式水位计5和气压计6通过SDI-12接口与数据采集器3相连，SDI-12电源受数据采集器3控制，平时处于调电状态。通信设备7根据需要选用电台、VHF电台、GSM移动终端或者PSTN调制解调器，通过RS232串行口与数据采集器相连，电源受数据采集器3控制，平时处于调电状态。The automatic water level measuring device of the present invention includes anoutdoor unit 1 and anindoor unit 2, as shown in FIG. 1 . The outdoor unit is composed of adata collector 3, amanual counting device 4, a constant-flow bubblewater level gauge 5, abarometer 6,communication equipment 7 and apower supply 8; the indoor unit is composed of acentralized controller 9, acommunication terminal 10 and apower supply 11. Themanual counting device 4 is connected to thedata collector 3 through the RS232C serial port. It includes a 4×5 keyboard and a 160×128 LCD display. The MEGA128 single-chip microcomputer is used as the main processor, which is usually in a dormant state, and is triggered by the keyboard to start working. Mode, for parameter setting and on-site data display, and automatically enters the dormant state after the work is completed. The constant-flow bubble typewater level gauge 5 and thebarometer 6 are connected to thedata collector 3 through the SDI-12 interface, and the power supply of the SDI-12 is controlled by thedata collector 3 and is usually in a state of power regulation. Thecommunication equipment 7 selects a radio station, a VHF radio station, a GSM mobile terminal or a PSTN modem as required, and connects with the data collector through the RS232 serial port.

数据采集器3构成见图2。它采用MEGA128单片机作为主处理单元，具有SDI-12和RS485传感器接口、信号防护接口、实时时钟、USB接口、2路远程通信接口、1路本地显示接口、1路参数设置及程序更新接口、事件监测电路、32MFLASH本地存储、参数设置及程序更新接口、信号防护接口以及电源控制电路，用于自动管理传感器和通信设备电源，进行传感器采集、计算、存储、远程发送并响应控制命令。平时主处理单元处于休眠状态，当事件监测电路检测到本地操作、远程控制及定时事件时，唤醒主处理单元，控制传感器和通信设备上电，采集传感器数据，进行本地存储和远程传输，之后关闭传感器和通信设备电源，进入休眠状态。The composition of thedata collector 3 is shown in FIG. 2 . It uses MEGA128 microcontroller as the main processing unit, with SDI-12 and RS485 sensor interface, signal protection interface, real-time clock, USB interface, 2 remote communication interfaces, 1 local display interface, 1 parameter setting and program update interface, event Monitoring circuit, 32MFLASH local storage, parameter setting and program update interface, signal protection interface and power control circuit are used to automatically manage the power supply of sensors and communication equipment, and perform sensor acquisition, calculation, storage, remote transmission and response to control commands. Usually the main processing unit is in a dormant state. When the event monitoring circuit detects local operation, remote control and timing events, it wakes up the main processing unit, controls the sensor and communication equipment to be powered on, collects sensor data, performs local storage and remote transmission, and then shuts down Sensors and communication equipment are powered and go to sleep.

气泡式水位计的安装方式如图3所示。感压单元7、氮气瓶8和气路恒流器9安装在水位测量站房10内，通过导气管11与安装在水面12下方的固定防护设备13相连。气路恒流器能感应水压变化，并自动调节气体流量，使氮气瓶内的气体通过导气管以恒定压力向外排放。导气管的一端安装在水下，另外一端和气路恒流器相连，正常状态下气管中充满氮气，导气管水下端口处的压力和水压平衡。感压单元和气路恒流器相连，接收到数据采集器的指令后，测量环境温度及气压并将数值返回给数据采集器。The installation method of the bubble type water level gauge is shown in Figure 3. Thepressure sensing unit 7, thenitrogen cylinder 8 and the gas pathconstant flow device 9 are installed in the waterlevel measuring station 10, and are connected to the fixedprotective equipment 13 installed below thewater surface 12 through theair duct 11. The gas circuit constant flow device can sense the change of water pressure, and automatically adjust the gas flow, so that the gas in the nitrogen cylinder can be discharged outside at a constant pressure through the air guide tube. One end of the air guide tube is installed underwater, and the other end is connected to the gas circuit constant flow device. Under normal conditions, the air tube is filled with nitrogen, and the pressure at the underwater port of the air guide tube is balanced with the water pressure. The pressure-sensing unit is connected with the gas circuit constant flow device, and after receiving the instruction from the data collector, it measures the ambient temperature and air pressure and returns the values to the data collector.

在气管水下部分末端的气液相交处18，该位置的管内气压始终是水压加上该位置的大气压，感压单元测量的是气管另外一端12的压力和该位置大气压的差值P₀并送数据采集器。At the gas-liquid intersection 18 at the end of the underwater part of the trachea, the air pressure in the tube at this position is always the water pressure plus the atmospheric pressure at this position, and the pressure sensing unit measures the difference P between the pressure at theother end 12 of the trachea and the atmospheric pressure at this position₀ and send to the data collector.

该测量方式以两个假设为前提：位置12和位置18的大气压力相等，且两处导气管内的气体压力相等。实际上站房的高程要大于导气管水下末端的高程。而气体受重力影响，在竖直方向上压力是随高度递减的。This measurement method is based on two assumptions: the atmospheric pressure atposition 12 and position 18 is equal, and the gas pressure in the two airway tubes is equal. In fact, the elevation of the station building is greater than the elevation of the underwater end of the air duct. The gas is affected by gravity, and the pressure in the vertical direction decreases with height.

目前其它的恒流式气泡水位测量装置在从水位计获取水头深度值时都是利用了水位计本身进行压力和水头转换的值，而目前所有的恒流式气泡水位计在进行压力与水位的转换时使用的是经典计算公式(E1)，水位测量值只与重力加速度和水密度有关，在进行转换计算时取的重力加速度为标准重力加速度(g＝9.80665m/s²)，水密度为4℃时的密度(ρ＝1000Kg/m³)。At present, other constant-flow bubble water level measuring devices use the value converted by the water level gauge itself to convert pressure and water head when obtaining the depth value of the water head from the water level gauge. The classical calculation formula (E1) is used for the conversion, and the measured value of the water level is only related to the acceleration of gravity and water density. The acceleration of gravity is taken as the standard acceleration of gravity (g=9.80665m/s² ) during the conversion calculation, and the water density is Density at 4°C (ρ=1000Kg/m³ ).

$\mathrm{<span><span>h</span>h</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>P</span>P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>0</span>0</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span><span>\&rho;g</span>\&rho;g</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>E</span>E.</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span>$

在多个恒流气泡式水位计安装现场，特别是气管两端竖直高差较大的情况下，均发现水位的人工观测值和采用公式(E1)的自动测量值之间存在较大误差，而采用公式(E2)进行转换计算的结果和人工观测值有很好的一致性，最大误差不超过0.01米，且与量程无明显的相关性，见表1。In the installation site of multiple constant-flow bubble water level gauges, especially when the vertical height difference between the two ends of the gas pipe is large, it is found that there is a large error between the manual observation value of the water level and the automatic measurement value using the formula (E1) , while the conversion calculation results using the formula (E2) are in good agreement with the manual observations, the maximum error is not more than 0.01 meters, and there is no obvious correlation with the range, see Table 1.

$\mathrm{<span><span>h</span>h</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>P</span>P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>0</span>0</span>}}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>+</span>+</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>M</span>m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>N</span>N</span>}}\mathrm{<span><span>g</span>g</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>1000</span>1000</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>RT</span>RT</span>}}\mathrm{<span><span>H</span>h</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span><span><span>+</span>+</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>P</span>P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>Aa</span>A</span>}}\frac{<span><span>(</span>(</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>M</span>m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>N</span>N</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>M</span>m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}<span><span>)</span>)</span>\mathrm{<span><span>g</span>g</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>1000</span>1000</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>RT</span>RT</span>}}\mathrm{<span><span>H</span>h</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>g</span>g</span>}<span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>\&rho;</span>\&rho;</span>}<span><span>-</span>-</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>P</span>P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>Aa</span>A</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span><span>M</span>m</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span><span>1000</span>1000</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>RT</span>RT</span>}}<span><span>)</span>)</span>}<span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>E</span>E.</span>}\mathrm{<span><span>2</span>2</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span>$

从上式可以看出，实际影响水位测量值的参数有：气管两端口的竖直高差H、重力加速度g、气体温度T、水的密度ρ及感压单元的大气压P_Aa。It can be seen from the above formula that the parameters that actually affect the measured value of the water level are: the vertical height difference H between the two ports of the trachea, the acceleration of gravity g, the gas temperature T, the density ρ of water, and the atmospheric pressure P_Aa of the pressure sensing unit.

假设P₀＝98066.5Pa，g＝9.80665m/s²，ρ＝1000Kg/m³，标称水位10m，用式(E2)计算误差随H的变化，用式(E1)计算误差随g和ρ的变化，见表2。Assuming that P₀ =98066.5Pa, g=9.80665m/s² , ρ=1000Kg/m³ , and the nominal water level is 10m, use the formula (E2) to calculate the variation of the error with H, and use the formula (E1) to calculate the variation of the error with g and ρ changes, see Table 2.

表1：水文站水深数据对比表                                单位：米Table 1: Comparison Table of Water Depth Data of Hydrological Stations Unit: m

可以看出，使用经典公式(E1)的误差基本呈线性增长，而使用(E2)公式计算的结果和现场实际观测结果非常吻合。It can be seen that the error using the classical formula (E1) basically grows linearly, while the result calculated using the formula (E2) is very consistent with the actual observation results on the spot.

表2：不同因素对测量误差的影响对比                    单位：米Table 2: Comparison of the influence of different factors on the measurement error Unit: m

可见，从赤道到北极，重力加速度的变化导致的水位变化仅仅0.03米；温度从0℃到20℃变化，由水密度变化导致的水位变化范围不到0.02米；远比气管两端口高差引起的误差要小得多。It can be seen that from the equator to the North Pole, the water level change caused by the change of gravitational acceleration is only 0.03 meters; the temperature changes from 0°C to 20°C, and the range of water level change caused by the change of water density is less than 0.02 meters; The error is much smaller.

本发明提供了微功耗和宽工作温度范围的水位自动测量装置。数据采集器工作温度范围-40℃～+70℃，静态工作电流＜50μA，工作电流＜30mA。如果以15分钟间隔定时采集水位，每次采样时间10秒种；采用北斗卫星传输，电台工作20秒种，则平均工作电流＜10mA，采用12AH蓄电池配10W太阳能板即可满足连续30日无日照的情况下正常工作。The invention provides a water level automatic measuring device with low power consumption and wide working temperature range. The working temperature range of the data collector is -40℃～+70℃, the static working current is less than 50μA, and the working current is less than 30mA. If the water level is regularly collected at intervals of 15 minutes, each sampling time is 10 seconds; the Beidou satellite transmission is used, and the radio works for 20 seconds, the average working current is <10mA, and a 12AH battery with a 10W solar panel can meet continuous 30 days without sunshine work normally.

本发明提供的水位自动测量装置具有大容量的本地数据存储空间，能够保存2年以上历史数据。当需要本地提取历数据时，提供了低功耗的USB接口，平时USB接口调电，需要启动U盘操作时，按下操作键，即可自动将数据转存到U盘上；还可以在程序中设定自动转存的间隔，自动地定时进行U盘历史数据转存。The automatic water level measuring device provided by the invention has a large-capacity local data storage space and can store historical data of more than 2 years. When it is necessary to extract the historical data locally, a low-power USB interface is provided. Usually, the USB interface is used for power adjustment. When it is necessary to start the operation of the U disk, press the operation key to automatically transfer the data to the U disk; The interval of automatic transfer is set in the program, and the historical data of U disk is automatically transferred at regular intervals.

本发明可以明显弥补其它恒流式气泡水位测量装置所忽略的误差，尤其在水位变化超过10米的情况下，测量结果更接近水位的真实值。The invention can obviously make up for the errors neglected by other constant-flow bubble water level measuring devices, especially when the water level changes more than 10 meters, the measurement result is closer to the real value of the water level.

本发明可以广泛应用于各种野外环境下进行自动水位测量。The invention can be widely used in various field environments for automatic water level measurement.

Claims (6)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，包括室外单元和室内单元组成，其特征在于：1. A micro-power consumption constant-flow bubble type automatic water level measuring device, comprising an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, is characterized in that:所述室外单元包含作为核心控制设备的数据采集器、通过RS232C串行口连接的人工置数器、通过SDI-12接口连接的恒流气泡式水位计和气压计、通过RS232C串行口连接的通信设备以及2芯接口的12V直流供电电源，用于自动采集和保存水位数据并远程发送；The outdoor unit includes a data collector as the core control device, a manual counter connected through the RS232C serial port, a constant-flow bubble water level gauge and a barometer connected through the SDI-12 interface, and a Communication equipment and 12V DC power supply with 2-core interface for automatic collection and storage of water level data and remote transmission;所述室内单元包含内置了应用软件的集中控制器和通过RS232C串行口连接的通信设备以及交直流供电电源，经过通信信道与室外单元连接，用于实时接收远程数据，实现存储、显示、查询、发布，并远程控制室外单元的工作模式、校时、取数。The indoor unit includes a centralized controller with built-in application software, a communication device connected through an RS232C serial port, and an AC/DC power supply, and is connected to the outdoor unit through a communication channel to receive remote data in real time and realize storage, display, and query , publish, and remotely control the working mode, timing, and data retrieval of the outdoor unit.2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，其特征在于：2. A kind of micro-power consumption constant flow bubble type automatic water level measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that:所述数据采集器包含主处理单元、通过I2C接口连接的传感器接口和实时时钟、通过SPI接口连接的远程通信接口和存储单元、通过RXD1和TXD1连接的本地显示接口、通过RXD0和TXD0连接的程序更新口，通过PA和PB并行口连接的USB接口、通过INT0和INT1连接的状态监测单元以及通过PC并行口连接的状态指示灯，用于自动管理传感器和通信设备电源，进行传感器采集、计算、存储、远程发送并响应控制命令。The data collector includes a main processing unit, a sensor interface and a real-time clock connected through an I2C interface, a remote communication interface and a storage unit connected through an SPI interface, a local display interface connected through RXD1 and TXD1, and a program connected through RXD0 and TXD0 The update port, the USB interface connected through the PA and PB parallel ports, the status monitoring unit connected through INT0 and INT1, and the status indicator connected through the PC parallel port are used to automatically manage the power supply of sensors and communication equipment, and perform sensor acquisition, calculation, Store, remotely send and respond to control commands.3.根据权利要求1所述的一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，其特征在于：所述人工置数器包含主处理单元、通过PA和PB并行口连接的4×5的键盘，通过PE和PF并行口连接的分辨率为160×128的液晶显示屏以及通过RXD和TXD连接的串口，用于对数据采集器进行参数设置和现场数据显示，平时液晶屏处于调电状态，主处理单元处于休眠状态，通过键盘操作唤醒主处理单元进入工作模式。3. A kind of micro-power consumption constant-current bubble type automatic water level measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the manual counter includes a main processing unit, a 4×5 parallel port connected through PA and PB Keyboard, LCD screen with a resolution of 160×128 connected through PE and PF parallel ports and serial ports connected through RXD and TXD, used for parameter setting and on-site data display of the data collector, usually the LCD screen is in the state of power adjustment , the main processing unit is in a dormant state, and the main processing unit is awakened by keyboard operation to enter the working mode.4.根据权利要求1所述的一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，其特征在于：所述恒流气泡式水位计用于测量气管安装位置的水压和水温，采用氮气瓶作为恒流气泡源，SDI-12接口输出。4. A micro-power consumption constant-flow bubble-type automatic water level measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constant-flow bubble-type water level gauge is used to measure the water pressure and water temperature at the installation position of the trachea, and a nitrogen cylinder is used As a constant flow bubble source, SDI-12 interface output.5.根据权利要求1所述的一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，其特征在于：所述气压计用于测量恒流气泡式水位计感压单元位置的大气压，采用SDI-12接口输出。5. A micro-power consumption constant-flow bubble-type automatic water level measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the barometer is used to measure the atmospheric pressure at the position of the pressure-sensing unit of the constant-flow bubble-type water level gauge, using SDI- 12 interface output.6.根据权利要求1所述的一种微功耗恒流气泡式水位自动测量装置，其特征在于：所述通信设备可以选用INMARSAT-C电台、北斗卫星电台、VHF电台、GSM移动终端或者PSTN调制解调器，用于进行远程数据传输，采用RS232C接口。6. A kind of micro power consumption constant current bubble type automatic water level measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: said communication equipment can be selected INMARSAT-C radio station, Beidou satellite radio station, VHF radio station, GSM mobile terminal or PSTN The modem is used for remote data transmission and adopts RS232C interface.

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