CN101581685B - Sensor instrumentation system and method for detecting an analyte in a fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

A sensor instrument system and method includes a local sensor instrument, i.e., an electronic nose instrument, and a remotely located central information station for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids distributed over a plurality of regions of a geographic area. The sensor instrument comprises the core technology: a single sensor with two electrodes using alternating current frequency scanning and vector analysis, thus allowing two sets of electrical properties with an analyte fingerprint to be obtained in one measurement. The instrument also has a data transmission module and a global geographic position location receiving module. The central station is connected via a network to a plurality of local information stations located in different areas of the area and capable of transmitting and receiving information wirelessly. The information transmitted by the sensor instrument may then be received by the central station via the local station. The core technology also includes reference sensors to eliminate the effects of background noise and to detect biochemical targets associated with organ disease for medical diagnosis, temperature control to optimize analyte adsorption and desorption, and the use of all kinds of adsorbent materials with chemoselectivity, including hydrogen selectivity, to enhance detection and identification of analytes.

Description

Translated fromChinese

用于检测在流体中的分析物的传感器仪器系统及方法Sensor instrumentation system and method for detecting an analyte in a fluid

发明领域field of invention

本发明涉及传感器仪器领域，特别是有关于检测在流体中的分析物的传感器仪器系统及其方法。 The invention relates to the field of sensor instruments, in particular to sensor instrument systems and methods for detecting analytes in fluids. the

背景技术Background technique

传感器仪器广泛地被用于检测流体中的分析物。以下是与本发明技术有关的参考文献。 Sensor instruments are widely used to detect analytes in fluids. The following are references related to the technology of the present invention. the

1、美国专利第4,887,455号在1989年12月9日授予佩纳(Payne)等人的题为“气体传感器”(以下为佩纳的455专利)； 1. U.S. Patent No. 4,887,455 entitled "Gas Sensor" granted to Payne et al. on December 9, 1989 (hereinafter referred to as Payne's 455 patent);

背景技术Background technique

2、美国专利第5,571,401号在1996年11月5日授予刘易斯(Lewis)等人的题为“用于检测在流体中的分析物的传感器组”(以下为刘易斯的571专利)； 2. U.S. Patent No. 5,571,401 granted to Lewis (Lewis) et al. on November 5, 1996 entitled "A Sensor Group for Detecting Analytes in Fluids" (hereinafter Lewis' 571 patent);

3、美国专利第6,319,724号在2001年11月20号授予刘易斯等人的题为“应用人工嗅觉仪器对微量分析物的检测”(以下为刘易斯的724专利)； 3. U.S. Patent No. 6,319,724 was granted to Lewis et al. on November 20, 2001, entitled "Detection of Trace Analytes Using Artificial Olfactory Instruments" (hereinafter Lewis' 724 patent);

4、佩纳等人的文献题为“用交流电高频率对导电高分子材料的频率测量：一种检测挥发性化学物品的新技术”，检测科学技术，第六卷(Meas.Sci.Technol.，6)，1955年，第1500到1507页(以下为佩纳的文献)； 4. The literature by Pena et al. is entitled "Frequency Measurement of Conductive Polymer Materials Using High Frequency Alternating Current: A New Technology for Detecting Volatile Chemicals", Detection Science and Technology, Volume VI (Meas.Sci.Technol. , 6), 1955, pp. 1500-1507 (the following is Pena's literature);

5、纳格尔(Nagle)等人的文献题为“怎样的和为什么的电子鼻”，国际电气电子工程领域(IEEE Spectrum)，1998年9月，第22到34页(以下为纳格尔的文献)； 5. The paper by Nagle et al. entitled "The How and Why of the Electronic Nose", International Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE Spectrum), September 1998, pp. 22 to 34 (hereinafter referred to as Nagle literature);

6、贝尔特斯(Balters)等人的文献题为“超小型电子鼻”，国际电气电子工程领域(IEEE Spectrum)，1998年9月，第35到38页(以下为贝尔特斯的文献)； 6. The article by Balters et al. is entitled "Ultraminiature Electronic Nose", International Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE Spectrum), September 1998, pages 35 to 38 (the following is the article by Balters) ;

7、美国专利第6,631,333号在2003年10月7号授予刘易斯等人的题为“用于遥测气味的方法”(以下为刘易斯的333专利，另外又有美国专利第7,359,802号在2008年4月15日授予同样的发明人，该发明专利是刘易斯的333专利的分案)；和 7. U.S. Patent No. 6,631,333 was granted to Lewis et al. on October 7, 2003, entitled "Method for Telemetry Smell" (the following is Lewis' 333 patent, and U.S. Patent No. 7,359,802 was issued in April 2008 Granted to the same inventor on the 15th, the patent for the invention is a division of Lewis' '333 patent); and

8、美国专利第7,465,425号在2008年12月16日授予孙(Sun)的题为“用于检测在流体中的分析物的传感器及方法”(以下为孙的425专利)。 8. US Patent No. 7,465,425 issued to Sun on December 16, 2008 entitled "Sensor and Method for Detecting Analytes in Fluids" (hereinafter referred to as Sun's '425 patent). the

佩纳的455专利公开了一气体传感器。该传感器的外层有裸露与被测气体的具有半导体性质的一高分子薄膜。应用一交流电流分析仪器对该传感器施加具有特殊共振频率的交流电信号后来检测传感器改变了的电阻抗特征，然后用计算机将该特征与储存在计算机里的参照特征相比较。鉴于所得到的不同的电阻抗图谱，该发明能检测接触了传感器的气体。该专利也公开了其最佳的测试交流频率在100兆周到500兆周之间，因为在此区间，会发生电频率共振的现象。 Pena's '455 patent discloses a gas sensor. The outer layer of the sensor has a polymer film with semiconducting properties exposed to the gas to be measured. Apply an AC current analysis instrument to the sensor to apply an AC signal with a special resonance frequency to detect the changed electrical impedance characteristics of the sensor, and then use a computer to compare the characteristics with the reference characteristics stored in the computer. Given the different electrical impedance patterns obtained, the invention enables the detection of gases in contact with the sensor. The patent also discloses that the best test AC frequency is between 100 megacycles and 500 megacycles, because in this interval, the phenomenon of electrical frequency resonance will occur. the

刘易斯的401专利公开了用来检测在流体中分析物的传感器组，包括了应用高分子材料与碳黑颗粒组成的对化合物敏感的电阻传感器。传感器有被化学敏感电阻所隔离、但又连接在电阻两端的两导电电极。这样该电阻在两电极之间提供了电流流通的途径。该电阻有众多的相间排列、并与电流流通的途径同向排列的由不导电高分子材料组成的不导电区域和由导电材料组成的导电区域。该电阻在接触流体之中具有第一种浓度的一分析物时，和接触该分析物具有第二种浓度时分别具有不同的电阻值。这样由至少二个以上此类有化学敏感电阻的 传感器所组成的传感器组，对不同的分析物提供了由不同电阻值所表现的不相似性。改变传感器的化学灵敏度可由定量或定性地改变导电和不导电区域的材料组成而达到。这样利用一电测量装置来连接这种传感器组的每一个传感器的导电电极就可以组成检测在流体中的分析物的一电子鼻仪器。 Lewis' '401 patent discloses a sensor set for detecting analytes in fluids, including chemically sensitive resistive sensors using polymer materials and carbon black particles. The sensor has two conductive electrodes separated by a chemically sensitive resistor but connected across the resistor. The resistor thus provides a path for current to flow between the two electrodes. The resistor has a large number of non-conductive regions composed of non-conductive polymer materials and conductive regions composed of conductive materials, which are arranged alternately and in the same direction as the current flow path. The resistance has different resistance values when exposed to an analyte having a first concentration in the fluid and when contacting the analyte having a second concentration. In this way, a sensor group composed of at least two such sensors with chemically sensitive resistance provides dissimilarity represented by different resistance values for different analytes. Changing the chemical sensitivity of the sensor can be achieved by quantitatively or qualitatively changing the material composition of the conductive and non-conductive regions. Thus using an electrical measuring device to connect the conductive electrodes of each sensor of such a sensor group constitutes an electronic nose instrument for detecting analytes in a fluid. the

刘易斯的724专利公开了利用人工嗅觉仪来检测多类分析物。该多类分析物可被用来诊断众多的医学状况，包括口臭、牙周炎、和其他疾病的状况。 The '724 Lewis patent discloses the use of artificial olfactometers to detect multiple classes of analytes. This diverse class of analytes can be used to diagnose a wide variety of medical conditions, including halitosis, periodontitis, and other diseased conditions. the

佩纳的的文献公开了一种传感器。当其接触挥发性化学物品时，该传感器的比啶高分子材料薄膜的交流电阻抗会产生电频率共振的现象。 Pena's reference discloses a sensor. When it is exposed to volatile chemicals, the AC electrical impedance of the pyridine polymer material film of the sensor will produce a phenomenon of electrical frequency resonance. the

纳格尔的文献是一个专题报告。其汇集了到上一世纪九十年代末为止的对电子鼻仪器所作的研究和取得的发展。该报告详细介绍了各种用来制作电子鼻仪器的传感器，包括了金属氧化物薄膜传感器、导电高分子材料薄膜传感器、由高分子薄膜涂在晶体表面的重量感应传感器、由高分子材料薄膜涂在晶体表面的表面声波传感器、由栅极表面涂有金属氧化物薄膜的硅场效应晶体管传感器、由应用多声波的光纤传感器、由根据气相色谱、光谱和质谱原理而组成的相对应的传感器。该报告还总结了各种传感器的优缺点。其中对湿度的高灵敏性是所有具有高分子材料薄膜的传感器的一个共同的缺点。 Nagel's literature is a special report. It brings together the research and developments made on electronic nose instruments up to the end of the 1990s. The report introduces in detail various sensors used to make electronic nose instruments, including metal oxide film sensors, conductive polymer material film sensors, weight sensing sensors coated with polymer films on the crystal surface, and polymer film coated sensors. The surface acoustic wave sensor on the surface of the crystal, the silicon field effect transistor sensor coated with a metal oxide film on the gate surface, the fiber optic sensor applying multiple acoustic waves, and the corresponding sensors based on the principles of gas chromatography, spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The report also summarizes the pros and cons of various sensors. The high sensitivity to humidity is a common disadvantage of all sensors with thin-film polymer materials. the

贝尔特斯的文献报告了研发的用作电子鼻的微型晶片。该电子鼻的工作原理是利用涂有高分子材料薄膜的CMOS集成电路晶片在接触挥发性有机物时，会有可检测到的重量的改变和电容量的改变。 Bilters' paper reports the development of microchips used as electronic noses. The working principle of the electronic nose is to use the CMOS integrated circuit chip coated with a polymer material film to have detectable changes in weight and capacitance when exposed to volatile organic compounds. the

刘易斯的333专利公开了用于远距离监视化学危害物、空气质量和病员状况的传感器结构、系统和方法。比如用机器人系统来搜索和发现爆炸物、地雷和化学危害物品。该专利除了汇集在纳格尔文献中提及的种种传感器之外，还汇集了渗色的组块传感器组和显微机械加工的沟梁状的传感器组。同时该专利还公开了发明的导电性的传感器，其有在两电极之间的交体排列的由导电材料组成的区域和由不同于导电材料的材料组成的区域。这样该传感器就在两电极之间提供了一供电流流经不同材料区域的途径。 The '333 patent to Lewis discloses sensor structures, systems and methods for remote monitoring of chemical hazards, air quality and patient conditions. For example, robotic systems are used to search and find explosives, landmines and chemical hazards. In addition to the various sensors mentioned in Nagel's literature, this patent also brings together a bleeding block sensor group and a micromachined channel-beam sensor group. At the same time, the patent also discloses the inventive conductivity sensor, which has a region composed of conductive material and a region composed of a material different from the conductive material arranged in an intersecting body between two electrodes. The sensor thus provides a path for current to flow through regions of different materials between the two electrodes. the

从以上引用的文献和专利中可以看到在过去的对传感器仪器系统的研究中已投入了极大的努力，而该研究是以研究传感器的结构为中心的。这是因为传感器的结构根本上决定了仪器对于流体中分析物检测和鉴别的效用。现有的传感器仪器在应用了以上所述的传感器技术以及结合了电子工程中的包括大规模集成电路在内的技术、计算机软件技术、和数据远距离输送技术后，极大地便利了对分析物的检测和鉴别。 From the literature and patents cited above it can be seen that a great deal of effort has been invested in the past research on sensor instrumentation systems, which centered on the study of the structure of the sensor. This is because the structure of the sensor fundamentally determines the utility of the instrument for the detection and identification of analytes in fluids. Existing sensor instruments have greatly facilitated the detection of analytes after applying the above-mentioned sensor technologies and combining technologies including large-scale integrated circuits in electronic engineering, computer software technologies, and long-distance data transmission technologies. detection and identification. the

众所周知、从研究哺乳类动物的嗅觉系统可知，对一气味物体的鉴别不仅依赖于那些对该气味物体有特别针对性的嗅觉接收元，而且也依赖那些对该气体不是特别有针对性的接收元。用另一句话来说，对气味物体的鉴别是确认一个表现该物体的特征类型信息的图谱。根据这一原理，传统的有关于传感器结构的技术按照以下两种技术方案而发展：应用多传感器结构的方案和应用单一传感器的结构方案。 As we all know, from the study of the olfactory system of mammals, the identification of an odor object not only depends on those olfactory receptors that are specifically targeted to the odor object, but also depends on those receptors that are not particularly specific to the gas. . In other words, the identification of an odor object is to confirm a map that represents the characteristic type information of the object. According to this principle, the traditional technology related to the sensor structure is developed according to the following two technical schemes: the scheme of applying a multi-sensor structure and the scheme of applying a single sensor structure. the

在应用多传感器的结构方案上，如同在刘易斯的333专利所叙述的那样，发展了众多的不同的传感器技术。包括有金属氧化物薄膜传感器、导电高分子材料薄膜传感器、由高分子薄膜涂在晶体表面的重量感应传感器、由高分子材料薄膜涂在晶体表面的表面声波传感器、由金属氧化物薄膜涂在栅极表面的硅场效应晶体管传感器。尽管在沿着这个方案的传感器研究在过去已取得长足的进步，但其还存在着因沿袭了使用多传感器方案所带来的缺点。这些缺点包括：需要大量数目的传感器来产生分析物的有类型差别的信息图谱；传感器的复杂结构进而导致在传感器生产中的不一致性；在对化学分析物测试时因应用高分子材料薄膜而受到的湿度的干扰；迟钝的灵敏度；所必需的昂贵的仪器和深受限制的操作条件。 With regard to the use of multi-sensor configurations, as described in the Lewis '333 patent, numerous different sensor technologies have been developed. Including metal oxide film sensors, conductive polymer material film sensors, weight sensing sensors coated with polymer films on the crystal surface, surface acoustic wave sensors coated with polymer material films on the crystal surface, metal oxide films coated on the grid Silicon field-effect transistor sensors on the polar surface. Although sensor research along this approach has made great strides in the past, it still has the disadvantages of using a multi-sensor approach. These disadvantages include: a large number of sensors are required to generate the type-differentiated information map of the analyte; the complex structure of the sensor leads to inconsistency in the production of the sensor; Humidity interference; dull sensitivity; necessary expensive instruments and severely restricted operating conditions. the

在应用这种结构方案时，多种厚度约为几个微米的高分子薄膜已被广泛地用来改进传感器的灵敏度和检测极限。这主要是因为高分子薄膜会因其对化合物的特殊的化学选择性来拦截包括吸附和吸收作为分析物的化合物。其结果是在被传感器检测之前分析物会被富集在高 分子薄膜的表面或者体内。 In applying this structural scheme, various polymer thin films with a thickness of several microns have been widely used to improve the sensitivity and detection limit of sensors. This is mainly because the polymer film intercepts the compound including adsorption and absorption as the analyte due to its special chemoselectivity to the compound. As a result, analytes are enriched on the surface or in the body of the polymer film before being detected by the sensor. the

经典的高分子材料薄膜存在着多种缺点。第一、薄膜对伴随着分析物的湿度具有高灵敏的吸附性。因而湿度是影响具有高分子材料薄膜传感器功效的主要因素。第二、高分子薄膜材料具有老化效应，从而影响到传感器长期使用的稳定性。第三、在生产上取得安置在传感器上的高分子材料薄膜的重复性也是一个难题。特别是为采用多传感器结构方案，因而必须使用大量数目的传感器时重复性的问题尤为显著。 There are many disadvantages in the classical polymer material film. First, the film has a highly sensitive adsorption to humidity accompanying the analyte. Therefore, humidity is the main factor affecting the efficacy of thin film sensors with polymer materials. Second, the polymer film material has an aging effect, which affects the long-term stability of the sensor. Third, it is also a difficult problem to obtain the repeatability of the polymer film placed on the sensor in production. The problem of repeatability is especially significant when a large number of sensors must be used in order to adopt a multi-sensor structure solution. the

在采用单一传感器结构方案上，如同纳格尔文献所叙述的，根据色谱、光谱、和质谱原理的多种仪器已被研发。一般来讲，这些仪器都很昂贵。而且他们的体积都很庞大，这样就使得这些仪器根本不可能小型化。所以这些仪器在市场上缺乏吸引力，这是因为在当今的市场上，仪器所具有的无线通讯能力和携带使用性日显重要。 Various instruments have been developed based on the principles of chromatography, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, as described in Nagel's literature, using a single sensor configuration. Generally, these instruments are expensive. Moreover, their volume is very large, which makes it impossible for these instruments to be miniaturized at all. Therefore, these instruments are not attractive in the market, because in today's market, the wireless communication capability and portability of the instruments are becoming more and more important. the

例如，在医疗诊断领域里正盛行着一种在病人床边诊断病情的潮流。在这种方案下，病员的健康维护包括医疗诊断是直接在病员家中及在病员的床边展开。这样，如果医疗仪器是可随身携带使用的话就具有在市场上的竞争力。另外如又具有无线和远端信息联系功能的话，该医疗仪器就会极具竞争力。这是因为病员的健康信息可即时发送到一医疗中心，从而可以为病员提供包括正确无误诊断在内的更好的健康维护。事实上，仪器所具有的可携带性和无线信息传递功能除了在医疗领域外，在其他许多诸如安全、保卫、军事、和工业领域内也是极具有市场的。 For example, in the field of medical diagnosis, there is a trend of diagnosing diseases at the patient's bedside. Under this scheme, the patient's health maintenance, including medical diagnosis, is carried out directly at the patient's home and at the patient's bedside. In this way, if the medical instrument is portable and used, it will be competitive in the market. In addition, if it has wireless and remote information connection functions, the medical instrument will be very competitive. This is because the patient's health information can be sent to a medical center in real time, so that better health maintenance including correct diagnosis can be provided to the patient. In fact, in addition to the medical field, the portability and wireless information transmission functions of the instrument also have a market in many other fields such as safety, security, military, and industry. the

作为应用单一传感器的例子，佩纳的专利和文献发展了在特定的频率范围内，从检测应用导电高分子材料薄膜电极的电阻抗及其与相位有关的电学性质来检测存在气态分析物的技术。该技术在特定频率下由于分析物和导电性高分子材料薄膜的相互作用而产生可被测量的电共振信号。然而佩纳的装置的电共振现象必须在100兆周到500兆周区间的频率中才有可能发生。这种高频率的限制对仪器的制作和使用都带来极大的困难。同时佩纳的装置仍然继承了使用高分子材料所带来的缺点。 As an example of the application of a single sensor, Pena's patents and literature have developed a technology to detect the presence of gaseous analytes in a specific frequency range from the electrical impedance of the conductive polymer film electrode and its phase-dependent electrical properties. . This technique produces a measurable electrical resonance signal at a specific frequency due to the interaction of the analyte with a thin film of conductive polymer material. However, the electric resonance of Pena's device must be in the frequency range of 100 megacycles to 500 megacycles to be possible. This high frequency limitation brings great difficulties to the production and use of the instrument. At the same time, Pena's device still inherits the disadvantages of using polymer materials. the

针对佩纳的专利的不足和为发明应用频率扫描的新结构的单一传感器，孙的425专利公开了用来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物的作为检测传感器的单一传感器。该传感器由一对电极组成。当分析物具有足够浓度时在电极间不必充填附加的表面吸附材料来吸附分析物。反之则充填吸附材料。传感器被施加了由一交流电流仪器提供的变化频率的交流激励信号之后，可检测到当在流体中的分析物处在或者流过电极之间时在每一频率上的传感器的交流电学性质。诸如电阻抗和其分量：电阻和电抗、以及相位，这样就建立起相对于频率的分析物电学性质的二个谱图。再用一类型鉴别的程序来区分该电学性质的类型，并与已知物的电学性质的类型相比较，这样该发明就可以检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该发明又包括了一用作为参照传感器的单一传感器。在结合了检测和参照传感器的电学性质之后，该发明就可以去除湿度的干扰、高分子材料的老化效应、和由温度变化引起的传感器的电学性质的变化。 Addressing the deficiencies of Pena's patent and inventing a single sensor of a new structure using frequency sweeping, Sun's '425 patent discloses a single sensor as a detection sensor for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids. The sensor consists of a pair of electrodes. When the analyte has a sufficient concentration, it is not necessary to fill additional surface adsorption materials between the electrodes to adsorb the analyte. Otherwise, it is filled with adsorbent material. After the sensor is applied with AC excitation signals of varying frequencies provided by an AC current instrument, the AC electrical properties of the sensor at each frequency are detected when analyte in the fluid is on or flows between the electrodes. Such as electrical impedance and its components: resistance and reactance, and phase, thus creating two spectra of the electrical properties of the analyte versus frequency. A type identification procedure is then used to distinguish the type of the electrical property and compare it with the type of electrical property of known substances, so that the invention can detect and identify the analyte in the fluid. The invention also includes a single sensor used as a reference sensor. After combining the electrical properties of detection and reference sensors, the invention can remove the interference of humidity, the aging effect of polymer materials, and the change of electrical properties of sensors caused by temperature changes. the

刘易斯的333专利所发展的传感器仪器系统对包括由高分子材料和炭黑组成的传感器组添加了远距离信息处理的功能。这样对于传感器仪器系统的功效来说有明显的正面效应。 The sensor instrument system developed by Lewis' 333 patent adds the function of remote information processing to the sensor group composed of polymer materials and carbon black. This has a clear positive effect on the efficacy of the sensor instrumentation system. the

然而在多种场合，包括在检测空气中含有臭氧在内的污染物时，对传感器系统会有一个额外的要求，即该仪器能提供空气污染物的即时的随地理位置变化而变化的信息。这样就可以绘制一个地区的即时空气污染的分布图，从而可得到对该区域空气污染的较好理解以及较为完善的控制。具有这种功能的仪器系统也有利于研究许多另外的课题。 However, in many cases, including the detection of pollutants in the air including ozone, there will be an additional requirement for the sensor system, that is, the instrument can provide real-time information on the variation of air pollutants with geographical location. In this way, the real-time air pollution distribution map of an area can be drawn, so that a better understanding of the air pollution in the area and a more complete control can be obtained. An instrumentation system with this capability would also be beneficial for research on many additional topics. the

从而这就促成了本发明的意愿：设计和发展一种新的传感器仪器系统及方法来克服传统的传感器装置的缺点。该新的仪器具有在传感器制造和使用上的良好的重复性、较少的负面干扰因素、高的灵敏度、较少的在使用上的限制性、和便利的携带性。除此之外，该传感器系统还具有无线通讯的能力来处理数据，和确定与分析物相对应的地理位置的能力。 Thus this has just contributed to the intention of the present invention: to design and develop a new sensor instrument system and method to overcome the shortcomings of traditional sensor devices. The new instrument has good repeatability in sensor manufacture and use, less negative interference factors, high sensitivity, less limitation in use, and convenient portability. In addition, the sensor system has the ability to communicate wirelessly to process the data and to determine the geographic location corresponding to the analyte. the

本发明着眼于创立一传感器仪器系统及其方法来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该系统包含有一传感器仪器和与其远距离相隔的一中央信息站。传感器仪器的组成包括了与一单一传感器相连接的一检测模块，其被用来取得众多分析物的电学性质；一全球地理位置定位接收模块，其被用来取得分析物所在的地理位置；和一传输数据模块，其被用来无线传输数据。单一传感器有两电极，在被具有频率扫描的周期性的包括正弦波的交流电流的激励信号作用下被用来检测在流体中的分析物。中央信息站在收到传感器仪器无线传出的信息之后可处理和储存分析物的信息。而这些信息包含了被检测分析物的电学性质和其所在地理位置的数据。 The present invention is directed to creating a sensor instrument system and method thereof for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids. The system includes a sensor instrument and a central information station remotely located therefrom. The sensor instrument consists of a detection module connected to a single sensor, which is used to obtain the electrical properties of a plurality of analytes; a global geolocation receiving module, which is used to obtain the geographic location of the analyte; and A data transmission module, which is used for wireless transmission of data. A single sensor with two electrodes is used to detect an analyte in a fluid under the excitation signal of a periodic alternating current comprising a sinusoidal wave with a frequency sweep. The central information station can process and store the information of the analyte after receiving the information from the sensor instrument wirelessly. This information, in turn, includes data on the electrical properties of the detected analyte and its geographic location. the

本发明传感器仪器系统及方法的一个目的是提供一用于检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物的新颖和独特的传感器结构。该结构使用了具有两个电极的和应用交流电流频率扫描和矢量分析工作原理的单一传感器。在测量中可使用众多不同的扫描频率，其中包括了优选的10千周到一兆周区间内的频率。通过一次对传感器的频率扫描的测量，就能得到两组包含有分析物内在特征的、有类型规律的交流电学性质，包括在每一扫描频率上能得到两种不同的正交的电学性质。这些性质是由包括介电常数、极性或者偶极距在内的分析物内在的特征所决定的。 It is an object of the present sensor instrumentation system and method to provide a novel and unique sensor structure for the detection and identification of analytes in fluids. The structure uses a single sensor with two electrodes and applies the operating principle of alternating current frequency sweep and vector analysis. A number of different scanning frequencies can be used in the measurement, including frequencies in the preferred range of 10 kilocycles to one megacycle. Through a measurement of the frequency sweep of the sensor, two sets of regular AC electrical properties containing the intrinsic characteristics of the analyte can be obtained, including two different orthogonal electrical properties at each scanning frequency. These properties are determined by intrinsic characteristics of the analyte including dielectric constant, polarity or dipole moment. the

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明传感器仪器系统的又一个目的是提供一新颖和独特的传感器仪器。该仪器包含了具有两个电极的和应用了交流频率扫描的单一传感器，可被用来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。鉴别分析物是根据分析测量到的分析物的交流电学性质的类型，再与那些已知化合物的电学性质的类型相比较后来判断的。 Yet another object of the sensor instrumentation system of the present invention is to provide a novel and unique sensor instrument. The instrument consists of a single sensor with two electrodes and an applied AC frequency sweep that can be used to detect and identify analytes in fluids. The identification of the analytes is based on the type of AC electrical properties measured by the analyte compared with those of known compounds. the

本发明传感器仪器系统及方法的另外一个目的是提供一新颖和独特的传感器仪器。其含有一具有两个电极的和应用了交流电频率扫描的检测传感器来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该仪器还包含有一去除背景噪声的机理。即在应用了检测传感器之后，还应用了一与检测传感器结构相同的参照传感器。参照传感器被用来降低背景噪声对检测分析物电学性质的影响和增进对分析物的电学性质类型的鉴别。背景噪声包括了湿度的影响、高分子薄膜的老化效应、和由安置在电极之间的分析物的温度变化而引起的检测到的电学性质的变化。 Another object of the sensor instrument system and method of the present invention is to provide a novel and unique sensor instrument. It consists of a detection sensor with two electrodes and applies alternating frequency sweeps to detect and identify analytes in fluids. The instrument also contains a mechanism for removing background noise. That is, after the detection sensor is applied, a reference sensor having the same structure as the detection sensor is also applied. The reference sensor is used to reduce the influence of background noise on the detected electrical properties of the analyte and to improve the identification of the type of electrical property of the analyte. Background noise includes the effects of humidity, aging effects of the polymer film, and changes in the detected electrical properties caused by temperature changes of the analyte positioned between the electrodes. the

本发明传感器仪器系统的更加的一个目的是提供一新颖和独特的传感器仪器。其含有一具有两个电极的和应用了交流电频率扫描的单一传感器来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该仪器采用了包括固定的和可变的温度控制的程序来控制包括有传感器和分析物在内的传感器仓的温度，进而来改进对分析物的检测和鉴别。 A further object of the sensor instrumentation system of the present invention is to provide a novel and unique sensor instrument. It consists of a single sensor with two electrodes and applies alternating frequency sweeps to detect and identify analytes in fluids. The instrument uses a program including fixed and variable temperature control to control the temperature of the sensor chamber containing the sensor and the analyte to improve the detection and identification of the analyte. the

本发明传感器仪器系统的还有的目的是提供一新颖和独特的传感器仪器。其含有一具有两个电极的和应用了交流电频率扫描的单一传感器来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该仪器具有可在传感器两电极中放置所有种类的有机、无机和金属吸附材料的功能，从而通过选择性的吸附、吸收相应的分析物来达到改进对分析物检测和鉴别的目的。 A further object of the sensor instrumentation system of the present invention is to provide a novel and unique sensor instrument. It consists of a single sensor with two electrodes and applies alternating frequency sweeps to detect and identify analytes in fluids. The instrument has the function of placing all kinds of organic, inorganic and metal adsorption materials in the two electrodes of the sensor, so as to improve the detection and identification of analytes through selective adsorption and absorption of corresponding analytes. the

本发明传感器仪器系统的还有的另外一个目的是提供一新颖和独特的传感器仪器。其含有一具有两个电极的和应用了交流电频率扫描的单一传感器来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该仪器的特点有：紧凑的体积、便利的掌上携带性、容易使用、不受背景噪声影响、低制作成本、和低的电能消耗来控制包括传感器和分析物在内的传感器仓的温度。 Still another object of the sensor instrumentation system of the present invention is to provide a novel and unique sensor instrument. It consists of a single sensor with two electrodes and applies alternating frequency sweeps to detect and identify analytes in fluids. The features of the instrument are: compact size, convenient palm portability, ease of use, immunity to background noise, low manufacturing cost, and low power consumption to control the temperature of the sensor chamber including the sensor and analyte. the

本发明传感器仪器系统的一个目的是提供一新颖和独特的传感器仪器。该仪器应用了至少一个用作为检测传感器的本发明的传感器来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该传感器具有两个电极、和使用交流电流频率扫描和矢量分析的工作原理。在至少一个检测传感器中的每个检测传感器的电极中是充填了不同的材料来选择性的吸附、吸收相应的分析物。而该每个检测传感器是被电磁屏蔽的，从而来消除由施加的交流信号所可能引起的磁场辐射的交叉感应干扰。 It is an object of the sensor instrumentation system of the present invention to provide a new and unique sensor instrument. The instrument employs at least one sensor of the present invention used as a detection sensor to detect and identify an analyte in a fluid. The sensor has two electrodes, and uses an alternating current frequency sweep and vector analysis principle of operation. The electrodes of each detection sensor in at least one detection sensor are filled with different materials to selectively adsorb and absorb corresponding analytes. Each detection sensor is electromagnetically shielded, so as to eliminate the cross-induction interference of magnetic field radiation that may be caused by the applied AC signal. the

本发明传感器仪器系统的一个目的是提供一新颖和独特的传感器仪器。该仪器应用了至少一个用作为检测传感器的本发明的传感器来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该传感器具有两个电极、和使用交流电流频率扫描和矢量分析的工作原理。在每个至少一个检测传感器的 电极中是充填了不同的材料来选择性的吸附、吸收相应的分析物。而该至少一个检测传感器中的每个检测传感器是被电磁屏闭的、又被有序地、分别地施加了交流电频率的激励信号，从而来消除由施加的交流信号所可能引起的磁场辐射的交叉感应干扰。 It is an object of the sensor instrumentation system of the present invention to provide a new and unique sensor instrument. The instrument employs at least one sensor of the present invention used as a detection sensor to detect and identify an analyte in a fluid. The sensor has two electrodes, and uses an alternating current frequency sweep and vector analysis principle of operation. Each electrode of at least one detection sensor is filled with different materials to selectively adsorb and absorb corresponding analytes. Each detection sensor in the at least one detection sensor is electromagnetically shielded, and is sequentially and respectively applied with an excitation signal of an AC frequency, thereby eliminating the possibility of magnetic field radiation caused by the applied AC signal. Cross-sensing interference. the

本发明传感器仪器系统的另一目的是提供一用于检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物的新颖和独特的传感器仪器。该仪器包含有至少一个传感器。其中的一个传感器是本发明的具有两个电极的、使用交流电频率扫描和矢量分析的工作原理的传感器。其余的传感器是从现有的传感器技术中选出。 Another object of the sensor apparatus system of the present invention is to provide a novel and unique sensor apparatus for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids. The instrument contains at least one sensor. One of the sensors is the inventive sensor with two electrodes using the principle of operation of alternating current frequency sweep and vector analysis. The remaining sensors are selected from existing sensor technologies. the

本发明传感器仪器系统的还有的一个目的是提供众多相同的、上述的新颖和独特的传感器仪器。他们与中央信息站远距离相隔。而每个传感器仪器可移动地处在一区域的一相应的地区，被用来检测该地区的在流体中的分析物。传感器仪器的组成包括：一检测模块连接了一有交流电频率扫描和矢量分析工作原理的单一传感器，其被用来取得分析物的众多电学性质；一全球地理位置定位接收模块，其被用来取得分析物所在的地理位置；和一传输数据模块，其被用来无线传输数据。传输的数据包括了检测到的分析物的电学性质和分析物在该地区的地理位置。 It is a further object of the sensor instrumentation system of the present invention to provide many of the same, novel and unique sensor instruments as described above. They are separated by great distances from the central information station. And each sensor device is movably located in a corresponding region of a region, and is used to detect the analyte in the fluid in the region. The composition of the sensor instrument includes: a detection module connected to a single sensor with the working principle of alternating current frequency sweep and vector analysis, which is used to obtain many electrical properties of the analyte; a global geographic location receiving module, which is used to obtain the geographic location of the analyte; and a data transmission module, which is used to wirelessly transmit the data. The transmitted data includes the electrical properties of the detected analyte and the geographic location of the analyte in the area. the

中央信息站包含了一中央计算机。其是通过现有的信息网络来连接众多相同的当地信息接收站。每个接收站包含有与天线连接的接收和发送两用电子单元。众多的接收站是处在一区域内众多的相应的地区，与众多的移动地处置在该相应地区的传感器仪器一一对应。这样从各传感器仪器发出的各分析物的信息通过相应的在各地区的接收站就可以被中央信息站所接收。中央信息站的计算机储存了含有全球地理位置的定位地图在内的应用软件和包括有鉴别数据类型分析法在内的分析法的应用软件。这样在各地区获得的分析物的电学性质信息可被中央信息站来分析，从而可鉴别处在各相应地理位置的各分析物。被鉴别的分析物和分析物的地理位置的信息被储存在中央信息站后可有种种应用，包括绘制在该区域内众多不同地区里分析物的瞬时分布图。 The central information station contains a central computer. It is to connect many same local information receiving stations through the existing information network. Each receiving station contains a receiving and transmitting electronic unit connected to an antenna. The numerous receiving stations are located in numerous corresponding areas in an area, and correspond one-to-one to the numerous sensor instruments that are mobile disposed in the corresponding areas. In this way, the information of each analyte sent from each sensor instrument can be received by the central information station through the corresponding receiving stations in each region. The computer at the central information station stores applications including location maps for global geographic locations and applications for analytics including analytics with identified data types. The electrical property information of the analytes thus obtained in each region can be analyzed by the central information station, so that each analyte at each corresponding geographic location can be identified. Information on the identified analytes and their geographic location is stored at a central information station for a variety of applications, including mapping the instantaneous distribution of analytes in a number of different regions within the region. the

本发明传感器仪器系统提供了新颖和独特的传感器仪器及其方法来鉴别在流体中的分析物。鉴别分析物的可能性是基于检测在流体中分析物的被分析物内在的物理化学性质所主导的有类型规则的各种交流电性质，诸如电流、电压和电阻抗及其矢量组成电阻和电抗，以及由电阻和电抗所决定的相位。本发明应用了一成对的金属导电体作为空间电极，或者将其处置在陶瓷基板上作为厚膜电极，或者将其处置在硅基质上作为薄膜电极来测量分析物的交流电学性质。在测量时这些分析物可停留在或流经两电极之间，从而可得到在众多扫描频率包括在优选的频率区间为10千周到一兆周的频率作用下的分析物的交流电学性质。 The sensor instrumentation system of the present invention provides novel and unique sensor instruments and methods thereof for identifying analytes in fluids. The possibility of identifying an analyte is based on the detection of various alternating current properties with type rules dominated by the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the analyte in the fluid, such as current, voltage and electrical impedance and their vector components resistance and reactance, and phase determined by resistance and reactance. The present invention uses a pair of metal conductors as space electrodes, or disposes them on ceramic substrates as thick-film electrodes, or disposes them on silicon substrates as thin-film electrodes to measure the AC electrical properties of analytes. The analytes may reside or flow between the two electrodes during the measurement, thereby obtaining the AC electrical properties of the analytes at a number of scanning frequencies including frequencies in the preferred frequency range of 10 kilocycles to one megacycle. the

应用频率扫描的测量可以得到对众多分析物中的每一个分析物的两组具有类型规律的交流电学性质。再在应用了一鉴别类型的程序之后，就可以分辨各分析物的电学性质所对应的类型。这样再经过比较检测到的类型特征和已知化合物的电学性质的类型特征，就可以鉴别各分析物。 Measurements using frequency sweeps can yield two sets of type regular AC electrical properties for each of a multitude of analytes. After applying a class identification procedure, the class corresponding to the electrical properties of each analyte can be distinguished. In this way, each analyte can be identified by comparing the detected type signature with the type signature of the known electrical properties of the compound. the

如上所述，本发明的对在流体中分析物的鉴别是依赖于建立从检测分析物所得到的相应的众多有类型规律的电学性质。这些性质对相应的分析物来讲是特殊的，而且是集成在不同的量纲上。这样本发明就聚焦在寻找与这些分析物的自然特质有关的有类型特征的不同的电学性质，而这些电学性质可以由应用一种技术来同时被测量到。 As noted above, the identification of analytes in fluids according to the present invention relies on establishing a corresponding number of type-ordered electrical properties resulting from the detection of analytes. These properties are specific to the corresponding analyte and are integrated in different dimensions. The present invention thus focuses on the search for characteristically distinct electrical properties related to the nature of the analytes, which can be simultaneously measured by applying a technique. the

例如介电常数是作为检测对象分析物的化合物的本身自然特质之一。介电常数是化合物的可被用来描述该化合物的众多量纲中的一个，这样介电常数可以被用来鉴别分析物。在交流电学领域里，介电常数可以用测量分析物的电容性电抗即容抗来获得。对短的传感器电极来说，容抗是电抗的主要组份，所以电抗是容抗的一个好的近似值。在矢量范畴内电抗可以从测量到的电阻抗中得到。这样电抗是分析物所具有的特殊电学性质中的一种，也是在一种量纲上能被本发明应用来检测和鉴别化合物(在标量范畴内，电容与介电常数成正比，和已被用来检测化合物。见贝尔特斯的学术报告)。 For example, the dielectric constant is one of the natural properties of the compound which is the analyte to be detected. The dielectric constant is one of many dimensions of a compound that can be used to describe the compound such that the dielectric constant can be used to identify an analyte. In the field of alternating current electricity, the dielectric constant can be obtained by measuring the capacitive reactance, or capacitive reactance, of the analyte. For short sensor electrodes, capacitive reactance is the major component of reactance, so reactance is a good approximation of capacitive reactance. Reactance can be derived from the measured electrical impedance in the vector domain. In this way, reactance is one of the special electrical properties that analytes have, and it can also be used in a dimension to detect and identify compounds by the present invention (in the scalar category, the capacitance is proportional to the dielectric constant, and has been Used to detect compounds. See Belters' academic report). the

当一分析物是气态化合物的混合物时，该气态混合物的介电常数可以根据若干种方法来估计。例如天然混合的可燃气体的介电常数可被计算成是温度、气体密度、和气体组成的函数：哈维(Harvey，A，H)；雷蒙(Lemmon，E，W)；“估算天然混合可燃气体的介电常数”，热物理世界期刊(International Journal of Thermophysics)，第26卷，第一期，31页到46页，2005年1月。该文作者宣称，他们的方法是优于传统的混合法则。当分析物是一混合的液体时，混合液体的介电常数可以根据凯勒休斯-莫苏帝(Calausius Mosotti)理论，或者奥赛格(Onsager)理论来计算：塞(Sen，A.D.)；安尼西克(Anicich，V.D.)；艾亚凯雷姆(Ayakeliam，T.)；“液态硅烷类和碳氢化合物的混合物的介电常数”，应用物理期刊，物理D(J.Phys.D；App.Phys.)，第25卷，516页到521页。 When an analyte is a mixture of gaseous compounds, the dielectric constant of the gaseous mixture can be estimated according to several methods. For example, the dielectric constant of naturally mixed combustible gases can be calculated as a function of temperature, gas density, and gas composition: Harvey (A, H); Lemmon (E, W); "Estimating natural mixture The Dielectric Constant of Combustible Gases", International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 31-46, January 2005. The authors claim that their method is superior to traditional mixing laws. When the analyte is a mixed liquid, the dielectric constant of the mixed liquid can be calculated according to Calausius Mosotti theory or Onsager theory: plug (Sen, A.D.); Anicich, V.D.; Ayakeliam, T.; "Dielectric constants of mixtures of liquid silanes and hydrocarbons", Journal of Applied Physics, Physics D (J.Phys.D ; App.Phys.), Vol. 25, pp. 516-521. the

从以上所例举的研究结果可知，对于气态和液态的化学混合物来说，介电常数仍然是一种用来描述他们的特征的量纲。这样本发明可以应用电抗来检测和鉴别作为分析物的气态或液态的化学混合物。 From the research results cited above, it can be seen that for gaseous and liquid chemical mixtures, the dielectric constant is still a dimension used to describe their characteristics. Thus the present invention can use reactance to detect and identify gaseous or liquid chemical mixtures as analytes. the

除了介电常数以外，作为分析物的化合物具有它独特的化学元素的组成。而每个化学元素有其相应的电负性，这样就形成了每个化合物所特有的分子偶极距或者极性。其是化合物的另一种自然特质。在电学领域里，可应用电阻测量来反映这种特征。例如已有的实验结果显示，挥发性有机化合物包括那些富有氢和氧元素的化合物会改变金属氧化物薄膜传感器的电导率(电阻率)(见纳格尔和贝尔特斯的报告)。而氢和氧具有相应的较大的电负性值。 In addition to the dielectric constant, a compound as an analyte has its unique chemical elemental composition. Each chemical element has its corresponding electronegativity, which forms the molecular dipole moment or polarity unique to each compound. It is another natural quality of the compound. In the field of electricity, resistance measurements can be used to reflect this characteristic. For example, existing experimental results have shown that volatile organic compounds, including those rich in hydrogen and oxygen, can change the conductivity (resistivity) of metal oxide thin film sensors (see the report of Nagel and Bertes). Hydrogen and oxygen have correspondingly larger electronegativity values. the

在交流电学领域里，与测量到的分析物的电抗相比，作为分析物电阻抗的另一组份电阻也可以同时被测量得到。然而与电阻值的幅度相比，电抗在电阻抗中占有主导的地位。这是因为在纯的化合物情况下(包括其气体，指在无水状态下)作为分析物的化合物是不导电的。然而，虽然电阻值比较小，但它反映了分析物的电阻性的特质。换句话说，电阻是从化合物的另一个固有性质的量纲上来反映该化合物。而且电阻的量纲同电抗的量纲相正交。这样电阻的信息对鉴别分析物来说也是十分重要的。 In the field of alternating current, the resistance of another component, which is the electrical impedance of the analyte, can also be measured simultaneously with the measured reactance of the analyte. However, the reactance dominates the electrical impedance compared to the magnitude of the resistance value. This is because a compound that is an analyte is not conductive in the pure case of the compound (including its gas, meaning in the anhydrous state). However, although the resistance value is relatively small, it reflects the resistive nature of the analyte. In other words, resistance is a dimension that reflects the compound in terms of another intrinsic property of the compound. And the dimension of resistance is orthogonal to the dimension of reactance. Such resistance information is also very important for the identification of analytes. the

在应用了改变频率，包括频率扫描的方法，本发明可以得到每个分析物的诸如电阻和电抗的两组有特征类型的交流电性质，从而可以达到对相应的分析物的检测和鉴别的目的。 By applying the method of changing the frequency, including frequency scanning, the present invention can obtain two groups of characteristic AC properties of each analyte, such as resistance and reactance, so as to achieve the purpose of detection and identification of the corresponding analyte. the

电阻抗是综合了电阻和电抗。在交流电学里可以应用欧姆定律来得到： Electrical impedance is a combination of resistance and reactance. In alternating current, Ohm's law can be applied to get:

Z＝V/I    [1] Z＝V/I [1]

其中Z是电阻抗矢量，V是电压矢量，I是电流矢量。从以上的公式，可以理解到在应用一恒电流技术时，在传感器上的所加的电压正比于传感器的电阻抗。在应用一恒电压技术时，通过传感器的电流值是反比于传感器的电阻抗。这样作为一种替代方案、可采用电压或者电流(来取代电阻抗)的测量以达到检测和鉴别分析物的目的。 Where Z is the electrical impedance vector, V is the voltage vector, and I is the current vector. From the above formula, it can be understood that when applying a constant current technique, the applied voltage across the sensor is proportional to the electrical impedance of the sensor. When applying a constant voltage technique, the value of the current through the sensor is inversely proportional to the electrical impedance of the sensor. Thus, as an alternative, voltage or current (instead of electrical impedance) measurements can be used for detection and identification of analytes. the

本发明传感器仪器系统及其方法，在分析物具有足够浓度时，不需要在传感器电极中放置附加的材料来吸附分析物。当分析物的原始浓度不足够而低于额定的传感器信噪比时，本发明可应用吸附或吸收材料。从而为改进传感器的灵敏度和检测的极限，来选择性地吸附或吸收分析物。 The sensor instrument system and the method thereof of the present invention do not require additional materials to be placed in the sensor electrodes to adsorb the analyte when the analyte has a sufficient concentration. Adsorbent or absorbing materials may be used in the present invention when the raw concentration of analyte is insufficient below the nominal signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor. Thereby, analytes are selectively adsorbed or absorbed in order to improve the sensitivity and detection limit of the sensor. the

显然在传感器电极充填了吸附材料之后所得到的相关于分析物的电学性质的量纲，包括电阻和电抗，不同于在传感器电极之间不充填吸附材料时所得到的电学性质的量纲。这是因为在充填了吸附材料之后，该单一传感器会专门记录在分析物中的一种或一类特殊的相似的化合物的电学性质。而该种或该类化合物是由于其和吸附材料之间的特殊相互作用而被吸附到该材料上。 It is clear that the dimensions of the electrical properties related to the analyte, including resistance and reactance, obtained after the sensor electrodes are filled with the adsorbent material are different from those obtained when the sensor electrodes are not filled with the adsorbent material. This is because, after being filled with the sorbent material, the single sensor will exclusively record the electrical properties of one or a specific class of similar compounds in the analyte. The compound or compounds are adsorbed on the material due to the special interaction between it and the adsorbing material. the

从而可以理解到，从本发明寻找与分析物的内在特征相关的电学量纲的精神和目的出发，甚至在分析物有足够浓度时，本发明也可在传感器电极之间充填吸附材料来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。 It can be understood that, starting from the spirit and purpose of the present invention to find the electrical dimensions related to the intrinsic characteristics of the analyte, even when the analyte has sufficient concentration, the present invention can also fill the sensor electrodes with adsorbent materials to detect and Identify analytes in fluids. the

分析物在吸附材料表面上被吸附的过程可以伴随着吸收的过程，或者吸附和吸收的过程可以同时发生。然而有关于发生何种过程的实际情况会根据具体因素而决定。该因素包括了 材料的种类、加在电极之间的材料的数量包括材料层的厚度、允许产生吸附现象的时间、和被检测的分析物的浓度。所以在本文中讨论的吸附现象也可能包括了吸收现象。 The process of analyte adsorption on the surface of the adsorbent material can be accompanied by the process of absorption, or the process of adsorption and absorption can occur simultaneously. However, the actual situation as to which process occurs will depend on specific factors. These factors include the type of material, the amount of material applied between the electrodes including the thickness of the material layer, the time allowed for adsorption to occur, and the concentration of the analyte to be detected. Therefore, the adsorption phenomenon discussed in this paper may also include the absorption phenomenon. the

本发明的可移动地被安置在一地区的传感器仪器是一完整的装置。从结构上来说，由八个模块所组成。其中包括收集测试样品模块、传感器仓模块、用于传感器仓温控的加热模块、检测模块、微型计算机模块、传输数据模块、应用全球定位系统的全球地理位置定位接收模块、和电源模块。 The sensor apparatus of the present invention which is removably positioned in an area is a complete device. Structurally, it consists of eight modules. It includes a module for collecting test samples, a sensor chamber module, a heating module for temperature control of the sensor chamber, a detection module, a microcomputer module, a data transmission module, a global location positioning receiving module using a global positioning system, and a power supply module. the

检测模块包含了一模拟电子线路单元，其被用作为一检测器。模拟电子线路单元连接了一连接器，比如像是从模拟数值转化到数字数值的转换器(ADC)。然后再由转换器连接到微型计算机模块。该微型计算机模块包含有一微缩的个人用计算机结构。其他所有的模块，如需要的话通过他们相应的连接器与微型计算机模块相连接。除此之外，在微型计算机模块中还安置了众多的应用软件，包括有：一应用软件包括了全球地理位置的定位地图；和一应用软件包含了包括识别类型的分析法在内的众多分析法。这样传感器仪器可在其所在地来即时分析检测到的分析物的电学性质，从而来鉴别在流体中的分析物。然后该鉴别的结果可以被传输到中央信息站。 The detection module contains an analog electronics unit which is used as a detector. The analog electronic circuit unit is connected with a connector, such as an analog value to digital value converter (ADC). Then it is connected to the microcomputer module by the converter. The microcomputer module contains a miniaturized personal computer structure. All other modules, if required, are connected to the microcomputer module via their corresponding connectors. In addition, numerous application software are installed in the microcomputer module, including: an application software including a global geographic location map; and an application software including many analysis methods including identification types Law. In this way the sensor instrument can analyze the electrical properties of the detected analyte in real time at its location to identify the analyte in the fluid. The result of this authentication can then be transmitted to a central information station. the

与处在当地的传感器仪器相配合，本发明包括了中央信息站。其包含有与一伺服计算机相连接的中央计算机。而伺服计算机的功能之一是储存数据。中央站及中央计算机与现有的信息传递网络相连接。网络同时也连接了众多的分布在一区域内不同地区的各当地信息接收站。网络包括了易舍网络(Ethernet)、在一组织内部的网络、在一区域内的网络、和连接全世界地区的英特网络(the Internet)。该网络包含用光纤、电缆、金属导线、或包括电磁波的无线连接在内的任何方式。 Cooperating with locally located sensor instruments, the present invention includes a central information station. It consists of a central computer connected to a server computer. One of the functions of the servo computer is to store data. The central station and the central computer are connected with the existing information delivery network. The network also connects a large number of local information receiving stations distributed in different regions within a region. The network includes the Ethernet, the network within an organization, the network within a region, and the Internet connecting regions all over the world. The network includes any means including optical fiber, cable, metal wire, or wireless connection including electromagnetic waves. the

每个当地信息接收站包含了与天线相连接的一信息接收和发送电子单元。该单元连接了一具有中央处理器(CPU)的收集数字数据单元。这样安置在一地区的一传感器仪器发出的信息就能被安置在相同地区的当地接收站接收到。这是因为当地接收站和传感器仪器都遵循同样的传输信息的技术标准。然后在网络的作用下，分析物的信息和其所在的地理位置的信息能被传输到远处的中央信息站。 Each local information receiving station contains an information receiving and transmitting electronic unit connected to the antenna. The unit is connected to a collection digital data unit having a central processing unit (CPU). In this way, information from a sensor device located in one area can be received by a local receiving station located in the same area. This is because the local receiving stations and sensor instruments follow the same technical standards for transmitting information. Then under the action of the network, the information of the analyte and its geographical location can be transmitted to the remote central information station. the

中央信息站也安装了相同的应用软件，包括有含有全球地理位置定位地图在内的应用软件和有类型识别分析法在内的众多分析法的软件。这样分析物的原始电学性质的信息可以被处在当地的一传感器仪器来处理，也可以由处在远处的中央信息站在接收到信息后来处理。 The same application software is also installed in the central information station, including application software including a global geolocation map and a variety of analysis methods including type recognition analysis. In this way, the information of the original electrical properties of the analyte can be processed by a sensor instrument located locally, or can be processed after receiving the information by a remote central information station. the

在本文中提及的“计算机”，包含了微型计算机模块、中央计算机、和伺服计算机。根据在电机工程领域内的共同认可的概念，“计算机”具有其所有的基本元件，所以是包括了有存储功能在内的所有操作性能。本文所用的词“连接”，包含了电的连接，这是指包括代码、数据、指令、和程序为形式的数字电信号能在一装置内流通。该装置包括了传感器仪器、当地信息接收站、网络、和与网络连接的中央信息站。 The "computer" mentioned in this article includes a microcomputer module, a central computer, and a servo computer. According to commonly accepted concepts in the field of electrical engineering, a "computer" has all its basic elements and therefore all operational capabilities including storage capabilities. As used herein, the word "connection" includes electrical connection, which means that digital electrical signals in the form of code, data, instructions, and programs can circulate within a device. The device includes sensor instruments, a local information receiving station, a network, and a central information station connected to the network. the

本发明的传感器仪器及方法对检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物来说具有许多新颖和独特的性能和优点。其可概括如下：本发明的核心技术单一传感器应用了有多个频率的交流频率扫描和矢量分析的工作原理。这样在一次测量中，就可以得到两组分析物的有类型特征的电学性质，其中包括了可在每个被扫描的频率上得到两个不同的电学性质，如电阻和电抗。他们在交流电学中是属于互相正交的两维量纲。 The sensor apparatus and methods of the present invention have many novel and unique properties and advantages for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids. It can be summarized as follows: the single sensor of the core technology of the present invention applies the working principles of AC frequency sweep and vector analysis with multiple frequencies. In this way, in one measurement, the characteristic electrical properties of two groups of analytes can be obtained, including two different electrical properties, such as resistance and reactance, which can be obtained at each scanned frequency. They are mutually orthogonal two-dimensional dimensions in alternating current. the

电阻和电抗又是扫描频率(扫描时间)的函数。其描述了分析物不同的内在特质。相比于应用在一维时间量纲上得到的性质来检测分析物的已有的多传感器方法，本发明应用在两维正交的量纲上得到的性质来检测分析物具有显著的优点：本发明应用优选的在1兆周以下的频率扫描方便了传感器仪器的制作和使用；因为应用频率扫描本发明在传感器设计上不受必须使用导电的分析物吸附材料包括导电高分子薄膜或高分子复合材料的限制，因此可应用所有种类的表面吸附包括吸收材料而具有广泛的适应性。 Resistance and reactance are in turn functions of the scan frequency (sweep time). It describes the different intrinsic properties of the analytes. Compared with the existing multi-sensor method that detects analytes using properties obtained on the one-dimensional time dimension, the present invention uses properties obtained on two-dimensional orthogonal dimensions to detect analytes with significant advantages: The present invention applies the preferred frequency scanning below 1 megacycle to facilitate the manufacture and use of sensor instruments; because the application of frequency scanning the present invention does not require the use of conductive analyte adsorption materials including conductive polymer films or polymers in sensor design. Composite materials are limited and therefore applicable to all kinds of surface adsorption including absorbent materials with wide adaptability. the

本发明的传感器仪器又应用了参照传感器来消除背景噪声的影响。此外，还应用了包括 可变和恒定的温度控制程序来控制包括有传感器和分析物在内的传感器仓的温度，从而可良好地控制分析物的吸附和解吸的过程，来改进对分析物的检测和鉴别。另外，本发明的仪器具有较低的制作成本、紧凑的体积、便利的掌上携带性、和容易使用的特点。 The sensor instrument of the present invention also uses a reference sensor to eliminate the influence of background noise. In addition, a variable and constant temperature control program is applied to control the temperature of the sensor chamber including the sensor and the analyte, so that the adsorption and desorption process of the analyte can be well controlled to improve the detection of the analyte. detection and identification. In addition, the instrument of the present invention has the characteristics of low manufacturing cost, compact size, convenient palm portability, and easy use. the

以上所述的本发明仪器的优点，特别是有利于研发用直流电池为电源的掌上携带型传感器仪器。这是因为单一传感器显著的小的体积而造成相对应的小的传感器仓对温度控制所需的低的电能消耗。 The advantages of the above-mentioned instrument of the present invention are particularly beneficial to the development of a handheld sensor instrument with a DC battery as a power source. This is due to the significantly small size of a single sensor resulting in a correspondingly small sensor chamber with low power consumption for temperature control. the

可以理解到，本发明的主要优点之一是应用了具有频率扫描和矢量分析工作原理的单一传感器，因而对分析物的一次测量可同时产生两个不同的有类型特征的交流电性质的图谱。这样在制作本发明传感器仪器要应用少许几个传感器时，可容易地达到制作传感器的重复性。另外，因为单一传感器具有显著的小的体积，而造成了对控制小体积传感器仓所需的低电能消耗。这样又导致了在实际上有可能应用双传感器的结构，即除了检测传感器之外，还可应用具有相同结构的参照传感器。 It will be appreciated that one of the main advantages of the present invention is the use of a single sensor with frequency sweep and vector analysis principles of operation whereby a single measurement of an analyte simultaneously produces two distinct patterns of characteristic AC properties. In this way, when a few sensors are used to make the sensor instrument of the present invention, the repeatability of making sensors can be easily achieved. In addition, because the single sensor has a significantly small size, there is a low power consumption required to control the small volume sensor pod. This in turn leads to the practical possibility of using a dual sensor structure, ie, in addition to the test sensor, a reference sensor of the same structure can also be used. the

在应用了双传感器之后，当样品即在流体中的分析物带有背景噪声时，比如是有湿度背景噪声时，样品可由检测传感器来检测，而由参照传感器来检测带有背景噪声的流体。再通过比较检测和参照传感器的输出，就可以去除背景噪声和流体的影响。同样地、可以消除另外的背景噪声，比如象是用在传感器中的高分子薄膜的老化效应，和因温度波动而造成检测的电学性质的波动。 After applying dual sensors, when the sample, ie the analyte in the fluid, has background noise, such as humidity background noise, the sample can be detected by the detection sensor and the fluid with background noise by the reference sensor. By comparing the output of the test and reference sensors, background noise and fluid effects can be removed. Likewise, additional background noise can be eliminated, such as aging effects such as polymer films used in sensors, and fluctuations in detected electrical properties due to temperature fluctuations. the

应用双传感器结构还可以带来快速测试的优点。这是因为对检测传感器和参照传感器的测试，即对样品和对带有噪声的流体的测试是在同一时刻完成的。 The application of a dual sensor structure also brings the advantage of rapid testing. This is because the testing of the test sensor and the reference sensor, ie the sample and the noisy fluid, are done at the same time. the

再者，在结合了现有无线数据传输技术，通过应用全球地理位置定位系统后可确定地理位置的技术，和在对分析物的研究中使用了众多的分布在不同地区的相应的传感器仪器之后，本发明传感器仪器系统及其方法可以提供分析物在一区域内不同地区的瞬时分布的信息。 Furthermore, after combining the existing wireless data transmission technology, the technology of determining the geographical position through the application of the global geographic location positioning system, and the use of a large number of corresponding sensor instruments distributed in different regions in the study of analytes , the sensor instrument system and method of the present invention can provide information on the instantaneous distribution of analytes in different regions within a region. the

必须理解的是，目前除了在美国已经建立的全球地理位置定位系统之外，在世界范围内，其他的若干的全球定位系统正在建设之中。这样根据本发明的精神和目的之一：即要确定分析物的地理位置，本发明也可应用任何的全球地理位置定位系统，只要是在该系统可供民用的前提之下。 It must be understood that, in addition to the global positioning system already established in the United States, several other global positioning systems are under construction around the world. Thus, according to one of the spirit and purpose of the present invention: that is, to determine the geographic location of the analyte, the present invention can also be applied to any global geographic location positioning system, as long as the system is available for civilian use. the

在以后章节的详细叙述，讨论和对权利要求的请求并参照了附图之后能对本发明创造性的结构和目的有更清楚地认识。 The inventive structure and purpose of the present invention will become more clearly understood after the detailed description, discussion and claims of the following chapters and with reference to the accompanying drawings. the

特别要指出的以下公开的结构图仅是为了说明而不是对本发明的限制。现叙述如下： In particular, the structural diagrams disclosed below are only for illustration rather than limitation of the present invention. Now describe as follows:

图1显示了应用主成分分析法来区分五种分析物的分析物按主成分分布的分布图。分析中应用了在7个频率的每个频率上同时得到的分析物的电阻和电抗数值。而该频率被任意地取自于10千周到500千周区间的被扫描过的频率。 Figure 1 shows the distribution of analytes by principal components using PCA to differentiate five analytes. Simultaneously acquired resistance and reactance values of the analyte at each of the 7 frequencies were used in the analysis. The frequency is arbitrarily selected from the scanned frequency in the interval of 10 kcycles to 500 kcycles. the

附图说明Description of drawings

图2显示了应用主成分分析法来区分五种分析物的分析物按主成分分布的分布图。分析中应用了在11个频率的每个频率上同时得到的分析物的电阻和电抗数值。而该频率被任意地取自于500千周到1兆周区间的被扫描过的频率。 Figure 2 shows the distribution of analytes by principal components using PCA to differentiate five analytes. Simultaneously acquired resistance and reactance values of the analyte at each of the 11 frequencies were used in the analysis. The frequency is arbitrarily selected from the scanned frequency in the interval of 500 kcycles to 1 megacycle. the

图3是单一传感器的示意图，其包含有用金属线材制作的一对电极或用两片金属片制作的一电容器。 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a single sensor comprising a pair of electrodes made of metal wire or a capacitor made of two metal sheets. the

图4A显示了应用两个相同传感器1的双传感器结构。其中一个传感器被用来作为检测传感器2(简略标示为：A)。另一个被用来作为参照传感器3(R)。图中显示的双传感器结构不具有一体化的形式。 FIG. 4A shows a dual sensor structure using twoidentical sensors 1 . One of the sensors is used as a detection sensor 2 (abbreviated as: A). The other is used as reference sensor 3(R). The dual sensor structure shown in the figure is not in an integrated form. the

图4B显示了应用两个相同传感器1的一体化双传感器结构。 FIG. 4B shows an integrated dual sensor structure using twoidentical sensors 1 . the

图5是一单一传感器1和一交流电流分析仪9电连接的示意图。 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection between asingle sensor 1 and an ACcurrent analyzer 9 . the

图6显示了任何一种表面吸附材料8被充填到两电极或一电容器之间。 FIG. 6 shows anysurface adsorption material 8 filled between two electrodes or a capacitor. the

图7A用来说明用不同结构4来组成单一传感器示意图。其中一电极被用作为单一传感器的第一电极。另一导电的结构比如一物体的器壁被用作为第二电极。 FIG. 7A is used to illustrate a schematic diagram of usingdifferent structures 4 to form a single sensor. One of the electrodes is used as the first electrode of a single sensor. Another electrically conductive structure, such as the wall of an object, is used as the second electrode. the

图7B显示了在同交流电流分析仪9连接时，单一传感器4中的作为第二电极的器壁与地零电位连接。 FIG. 7B shows that the wall as the second electrode in thesingle sensor 4 is connected to ground zero potential when connected to the ACcurrent analyzer 9 . the

图8是本发明传感器仪器系统结构的示意图，包括了传感器仪器和通过网络与当地信息接收站相连接的中央信息站。该图还显示了传感器仪器无线传输信息到处在远处的中央信息站。信息中包含了仪器所在的地理位置，该地理位置是在与全球地理位置定位系统作用之后得到的。 Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sensor instrument system of the present invention, including the sensor instrument and the central information station connected with the local information receiving station through the network. The figure also shows sensor instruments wirelessly transmitting information to and from a remote central information station. The information includes the geographic location of the instrument, which is obtained after interacting with the global geolocation system. the

图9是收集测试样品模块和传感器仓模块相连接的正视示意图。图中传感器仓中间结构的顶部被移去，所以可以看见分别安置在两传感器次仓中的两个传感器。 Fig. 9 is a schematic front view of the connection between the test sample collection module and the sensor chamber module. In the figure, the top of the middle structure of the sensor compartment is removed, so the two sensors respectively placed in the two sensor sub-compartments can be seen. the

图10显示了在图9中的传感器仓中间结构的横向剖面图。 FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the middle structure of the sensor cartridge in FIG. 9 . the

图11除了显示在图9中的同样的结构外，还显示了表面吸附材料8是被处置在一传感器次仓的前端位置。表面吸附材料被用来吸附在流体中的分析物。这样只有流体可以通过处置在该传感器次仓中的传感器电极。 Fig. 11 shows the same structure as in Fig. 9, but also shows that thesurface adsorption material 8 is disposed at the front position of a sensor sub-chamber. Surface adsorbent materials are used to adsorb analytes in fluids. In this way only fluid can pass through the sensor electrodes disposed in the sensor sub-compartment. the

图12是本发明传感器仪器系统另一实施方案的示意图。图中中央信息站通过网络与众多处在不同地区的当地信息接收站相连接。这样众多的处在不同的当地地区的传感器仪器可与处在远处的中央信息站无线信息通讯。 Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the sensor instrumentation system of the present invention. In the figure, the central information station is connected with many local information receiving stations in different regions through the network. Such a large number of sensor instruments in different local areas can communicate with the remote central information station wirelessly. the

图13显示了应用主成分分析法来区分三种分析物的分析物按主成分分布的分布图。分析中应用了在7个频率的每个频率上同时得到的分析物的电阻和电抗数值。而该频率被任意地取自于10千周到500千周区间的被扫描过的频率。 Figure 13 shows the distribution of analytes by principal components using principal component analysis to differentiate three analytes. Simultaneously acquired resistance and reactance values of the analyte at each of the 7 frequencies were used in the analysis. The frequency is arbitrarily selected from the scanned frequency in the interval of 10 kcycles to 500 kcycles. the

具体实施方法 Specific implementation method

虽然本发明的具体的实施经参考附图后会在以下叙述，但是必须明确的是这些具体实施仅代表本发明精神和目的的许多种具体表现中的少数例子而已。众多的对这具体实施的变形和改良对于具有在同一知识领域的人来说是显而易见的。这些变形和改良都与本发明有联系，因而这些变形和改良都被确认为是包含在本发明申请的权利要求所表达的精神目的和设想之中。 Although specific implementations of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it must be clearly understood that these specific implementations represent only a few examples of many manifestations of the spirit and purpose of the present invention. Numerous variations and modifications to this particular implementation will be apparent to those having the same knowledge. These variations and improvements are all related to the present invention, so these variations and improvements are all confirmed to be included in the spirit purpose and idea expressed in the claims of the present application. the

本发明传感器仪器系统及方法适用于检测和鉴别在一区域里各地区内的在流体中的分析物。本发明有三个目的。由图3和图5所示，第一个目的是遵循了用单一传感器的发明理念来设计一具有两个电极的单一传感器1。该种传感器可被用来有效地鉴别在流体中的众多分析物。而该种鉴别是通过检测这些分析物的多种电学性质来达到的，这是因为这些电学性质与分析物的独特的物理、化学的特征，比如介电常数、电负性、极性、或者偶极距有关。 The sensor instrumentation systems and methods of the present invention are suitable for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids in regions within a region. The present invention has three purposes. As shown in Figures 3 and 5, the first object is to design asingle sensor 1 with two electrodes following the inventive concept of using a single sensor. This type of sensor can be used to efficiently identify a wide variety of analytes in fluids. This identification is achieved by detecting various electrical properties of these analytes, because these electrical properties are related to the unique physical and chemical characteristics of the analyte, such as dielectric constant, electronegativity, polarity, or related to the dipole moment. the

本发明的第一个目的是通过应用交流电频率对含有分析物的单一传感器的扫描后再应用电矢量分析的方法来实现的。实施电频率的扫描可由用一交流电流的分析仪9连接了含有分析物的单一传感器1来完成。这样本发明就可以在一次测量中得到分析物的相对于众多扫描频率的两组有关于分析物内在特征的电学性质，而且能在每一个扫描的频率上得到这两种不同的电学性质。用这样的结构来测量多种分析物后，再应用一鉴别类型的程序来分析所获得的这些分析物的电学性质的数据。这就能识别各分析物电学性质的特殊的类型，其对应了相应的分析物的特殊类型。然后将每一个分析物的已鉴别的类型，与已知物的类型相比较，从而可鉴别各分析物。可知，第一个目的体现了本发明的核心技术。 The first object of the present invention is achieved by applying an electric vector analysis to the scanning of a single sensor containing an analyte using an alternating current frequency. The sweeping of the electrical frequency can be accomplished by connecting thesingle sensor 1 containing the analyte to theanalyzer 9 with an alternating current. In this way, the present invention can obtain two sets of electrical properties of the analyte related to the intrinsic characteristics of the analyte relative to multiple scanning frequencies in one measurement, and can obtain these two different electrical properties at each scanning frequency. After measuring multiple analytes with such a structure, an identification type procedure is applied to analyze the data obtained on the electrical properties of these analytes. This enables the identification of a specific type of electrical property for each analyte, which corresponds to the specific type of corresponding analyte. The identified type of each analyte is then compared to the known type so that each analyte can be identified. It can be seen that the first object embodies the core technology of the present invention. the

本发明的第二个目的是提供了一种传感器的结构及传感的方法。其可被用来消除传感器的背景噪声，包括测试样品中湿度的影响、应用在单一传感器中的高分子材料的老化效应、和由温度波动所造成的被测分析物的电学性质的波动。 The second object of the present invention is to provide a sensor structure and a sensing method. It can be used to eliminate the background noise of the sensor, including the influence of humidity in the test sample, the aging effect of the polymer material used in a single sensor, and the fluctuation of the electrical properties of the measured analyte caused by the temperature fluctuation. the

由图4A和4B所示，第二个目的是应用了双传感器的结构来达到的。该结构包含有两个相同的传感器1，一个用作为检测传感器2，另一个用作为参照传感器3。这种双传感器的制 作可遵循两种方案，其一是一体化结构的方案13，其二是两个分离的独立结构的方案12。本发明的双传感器方案也可用来检测当分析物是一化学混合物时所得到的一种化合物或多种类似化合物的电学性质，从而达到鉴别该分析物的目的。这种双传感器的方案可特别用来在医学诊断时检测一生物样品中的一个或多个与器官疾病相关的标志化合物即生化标志物。 As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the second purpose is achieved by applying a dual-sensor structure. The structure consists of twoidentical sensors 1 , one asdetection sensor 2 and the other asreference sensor 3 . The making of this double sensor can follow two schemes, and one is the scheme 13 of integrated structure, and the other is the scheme 12 of two separated independent structures. The dual sensor solution of the present invention can also be used to detect the electrical properties of a compound or multiple similar compounds obtained when the analyte is a chemical mixture, so as to achieve the purpose of identifying the analyte. This dual-sensor scheme can be especially used for detecting one or more marker compounds related to organ diseases, ie, biochemical markers, in a biological sample during medical diagnosis. the

必须明确的是，应用这种双传感器结构的现实性源于本发明的特殊优点：具有小体积的单一传感器和其能在一次测试中得到两个系列的分析物的有类型规律的信息。 It must be clear that the practicality of applying this dual sensor configuration stems from the particular advantages of the present invention: a single sensor with a small volume and its ability to obtain type-regular information on two series of analytes in one test. the

本发明的第三个目的是在本发明的核心技术中接合了现时已有的无线通讯技术和全球物理位置定位技术来组成一传感器仪器系统。该系统是由一中央信息站和与其远离的分布在一区域不同地区的众多相同的传感器仪器所组成。每个相同的传感器仪器包含有一检测模块、一全球地理位置定位接收模块、和一传输数据模块。该中央信息站与全球信息网络相连接。而该网络也连接了众多相同的当地信息接收站。该众多接收站是分布在与众多仪器所分布的相对应的地区。这样处在一个地区的传感器仪器可以将检测到的分析物的信息及该分析物所在的地理位置的信息无线传输到一对应的地区信息接收站。然后分析物的电学性质的信息协同分析物的地理位置的信息可以被中央信息站接收后再被鉴别。应用本发明的系统可同时检测和鉴别所有处在同一区域里不同地区的分析物，因而可以得到在该区域内的分析物的瞬时分布图。 The third object of the present invention is to combine existing wireless communication technology and global physical position positioning technology in the core technology of the present invention to form a sensor instrument system. The system is composed of a central information station and many identical sensor instruments distributed in different areas of an area remote from it. Each identical sensor instrument includes a detection module, a global geographic location receiving module, and a transmitting data module. The central information station is connected to the global information network. The network also connects many of the same local information receiving stations. The plurality of receiving stations are distributed in areas corresponding to the distribution of the plurality of instruments. In this way, the sensor instrument in a region can wirelessly transmit the detected analyte information and the geographical location information of the analyte to a corresponding regional information receiving station. The information on the electrical properties of the analyte can then be received by the central information station in conjunction with the information on the geographic location of the analyte and then identified. The system of the present invention can simultaneously detect and identify all the analytes in different areas in the same area, so the instantaneous distribution map of the analytes in the area can be obtained. the

本发明的公开包含了两个部分。第一部分公开了本发明的核心技术：即单一传感器及其具有的交流频率扫描和矢量分析方法的工作原理。第二部分公开结合了该核心技术的现有的无线信息传输和全球地理位置定位接收技术后组成的本发明的传感器仪器系统。 The disclosure of the invention consists of two parts. The first part discloses the core technology of the present invention: that is, the working principle of a single sensor and its AC frequency scanning and vector analysis methods. The second part discloses the sensor instrument system of the present invention composed of the existing wireless information transmission and global location positioning receiving technology combined with the core technology. the

在本发明的传感器仪器系统及其所包含的方法中，分析物被定义为具有众多相同分子的一化合物。该分析物也可被定义为由不同化合物组成的一种特殊的化学混合物。在该种混合物中，各化合物都具有众多相同的分子，例如咖啡气味所代表的那一种混合物。分析物可以不具有气味，为象氢气。又如象工业制成的用作为煤气的可燃气体的混合物，而且在该种混合物中不被添加有气味的气体。分析物也可有气味。如象化合物醋酸，或者象是含有气味的污水。一分析物群是指所分析的众多的不同的化合物，或众多的不同的化学混合物。该分析物或分析物群可以是气态的或者是液态的。 In the sensor apparatus system of the present invention and the methods contained therein, an analyte is defined as a compound having a plurality of identical molecules. The analyte can also be defined as a specific chemical mixture composed of different compounds. In such mixtures, each compound has many of the same molecules, such as the one represented by the smell of coffee. The analyte may not have an odor, like hydrogen gas. Another example is a mixture of combustible gases used as gas in industry, and no odorous gases are added to the mixture. Analytes may also have odors. Like the compound acetic acid, or like sewage with an odor. An analyte population refers to a plurality of different compounds, or a plurality of different chemical mixtures, that are analyzed. The analyte or group of analytes can be in gaseous or liquid state. the

大致上与本发明研究感兴趣的分析物群可以来源于下述的种种：含有违禁物的材料(包含有例如大麻)，与环境保护有关的(包含有例如监视空气、水、和土壤的污染物，象是在地表空气中含有的臭氧)，与医护包括医疗诊断有关的(比如包含有口腔气味在内的生物样品)，与科学研究包括太空研究兴趣有关的(比如象研究宇宙飞船中空气的品质)，与各工业的兴趣有关的，包括食品工业(如包含有对肉类、鱼类新鲜程度的检测)，饮料工业(比如包含有对柠檬饮料的气味检测)，农业工业(比如包含有对水果的成熟度的检测)，化学工业(比如包含有对氯化氢气体生产的监控)，石油工业(比如包含有对可燃气体泄漏的检测)，塑料工业(比如包含有对生产过程和产品质量的控制)，建筑工业(比如包含有对新建住宅内的空气品质的监控)，医药工业(比如包含有新医药的研发)，汽车工业(比如包含有对润滑油和各种液体的监视)，生化工业(比如包含有通过酶催化反应的生化物品的合成)，和运输工业(比如包含有对排放的废气的监控)，与日常生活有关的，比如包括有香水、化妆品、酒、和香料，为安全所考量的(比如包含有爆炸物、纵火、以及泄露在路面上的液体的调查)，和与军事有关的(比如用作为武器的化学物品)。 The group of analytes that are generally of interest to the study of the present invention may originate from the following: materials containing contraband (including, for example, marijuana), related to environmental protection (including, for example, monitoring air, water, and soil pollution) objects, such as ozone contained in surface air), related to medical care including medical diagnosis (such as biological samples including oral odor), and scientific research including space research interests (such as studying the air in spacecraft quality), related to the interests of various industries, including the food industry (such as including the detection of the freshness of meat and fish), the beverage industry (such as including the detection of the smell of lemon drinks), the agricultural industry (such as including There is detection of fruit ripeness), chemical industry (such as including the monitoring of hydrogen chloride gas production), petroleum industry (such as including the detection of flammable gas leakage), plastic industry (such as including the production process and product quality control), construction industry (for example, including the monitoring of air quality in newly built houses), pharmaceutical industry (for example, including the research and development of new medicines), automobile industry (for example, including the monitoring of lubricating oil and various liquids), The biochemical industry (such as the synthesis of biochemicals through enzyme-catalyzed reactions), and the transportation industry (such as the monitoring of exhaust gas emissions), related to daily life, such as perfumes, cosmetics, wine, and spices, Safety-related (such as investigations involving explosives, arson, and liquids spilled on roads), and military-related (such as chemicals used as weapons). the

在本文中的流体是指气态的或者液态的背景化合物，其不是研究的兴趣所在。流体是用来寄宿分析物或分析物群。在一纯的状态下分析物本身可作为流体。当分析物和流体混合成一体的状态时，流体可以是一种化合物，或是一种化学混合物。例如，在研究空气污染物时，本身是化学混合物的空气是作为流体来寄宿多种气态污染物。又如在气相色谱中，作为运载气体的氢气、或氦气、或者氮气是作为流体来运送被分离了的在气相色谱柱中的多种化合物。该多种化合物组成了最初的被注入色谱柱中的作为分析物的一化学混合物。 Fluids in this context refer to gaseous or liquid background compounds which are not of research interest. The fluid is used to host the analyte or population of analytes. In a pure state the analyte itself acts as a fluid. When the analyte and fluid are mixed together, the fluid can be a chemical compound, or a chemical mixture. For example, in the study of air pollutants, air, which is a chemical mixture, acts as a fluid to host various gaseous pollutants. Another example is in gas chromatography, as a carrier gas, hydrogen, helium, or nitrogen is used as a fluid to transport the separated compounds in the gas chromatography column. The compounds make up a chemical mixture that is initially injected into the column as analytes. the

流体群是指众多不同的化合物，或者众多不同的化学混合物。例如在研究众多病员的由牙齿疾病所引起的口臭时，硫化氢作为一种生化标志物是研究兴趣所在的分析物。其对众多病员的口臭来说是共同的。显然除了硫化氢标志气体外，病员的口腔气体内还有其他的不是研究兴趣的气体。该些气体即为流体。然而该种流体的组成因不同的病员而异。例如在流体中有由病员呼吸造成的二氧化碳气体和未消耗的氧气。他们所对应的百分比是与其对应的病员的健康情况包括肺的功能和血液系统的功能有关。这样所有病员的检测到的口腔气体的样本，有相同的标志气体和不同样的流体。在这种情况下，就引成了本公开的一种样品组，可称之为：在流体群中的一种分析物。 A fluid population refers to a number of different chemical compounds, or a number of different chemical mixtures. For example, hydrogen sulfide as a biochemical marker is an analyte of interest when studying halitosis caused by dental diseases in many patients. It is common for the halitosis of many patients. Obviously, in addition to the hydrogen sulfide marker gas, there are other gases in the patient's oral gas that are not of research interest. These gases are fluids. However, the composition of this fluid varies from patient to patient. For example, there is carbon dioxide gas and unconsumed oxygen in the fluid caused by the patient's respiration. Their corresponding percentages are related to the health status of their corresponding patients, including lung function and blood system function. Thus all the patient's detected oral gas samples have the same marker gas and different fluids. In this case, a sample set of the present disclosure is introduced, which may be referred to as: an analyte in a fluid population. the

按照上述的例子类推，在研究众多病员的患有众多不同器官疾病如肺炎、肾炎、和肠炎的口腔气体样本时，这种样本包含有在众多不同流体中的不同的与研究有关的标志气体。这种情形称之为：在流体群中的分析物群。 By analogy with the above example, when studying the oral gas samples of many patients suffering from many different organ diseases such as pneumonia, nephritis, and enteritis, such samples contain different research-related marker gases in many different fluids. This situation is called: analyte population in a fluid population. the

与上述的情形相反，有另一种样本组为：在一流体中的分析物群。例如一相同的运载气体(或液体)作为连续的流体来容纳不同的化合物。这些化合物是在气相(或液相)色谱的分离过程中由一最初的分析物，即一化学混合物分离而成。必须理解的是，在色谱过程中产生的在一流体中的分析物群的样本是一个特殊的案例。正是由于色谱的分离过程分离了在该混合物中的众多不同的化合物，使得这些化合物序列性地、相间地容纳在色谱柱中的一相同的流体中。另一样本是从一区域的空气污染案例而来。在这个案例中，在整个区域里的同样的空气中容纳了对应于在区域里不同地区内的不同的污染物。 In contrast to the situation described above, there is another sample group: the analyte population in a fluid. For example, the same carrier gas (or liquid) acts as a continuous fluid to accommodate different compounds. These compounds are separated from an initial analyte, ie, a chemical mixture, during gas (or liquid) chromatographic separation. It must be understood that a sample of an analyte population in a fluid produced during chromatography is a special case. It is precisely because the chromatographic separation process separates many different compounds in the mixture that these compounds are contained sequentially and alternately in the same fluid in the chromatographic column. Another sample is from an air pollution case in a region. In this case, the same air throughout the region accommodates different pollutants corresponding to different regions in the region. the

然而必须理解，作为总体来说，有在流体群中的分析物群、在单一流体中的分析物群、和在流体群中的单一分析物的样品组的区分，但是不管是何种样品组，在检测过程的序列性的步骤中，每一样品必须是单独地被传感器仪器所检测。所以，在一测试的瞬间，总是存在一种流体中的一个分析物的情形。 However, it must be understood that, as a whole, there is a distinction between analyte populations in a fluid population, analyte populations in a single fluid, and sample sets of a single analyte in a fluid population, but regardless of the sample set , in the sequential steps of the detection process, each sample must be detected individually by the sensor instrument. Therefore, at the instant of a test, there is always one analyte in one fluid. the

众所周知，化合物具有与其相对应的特征的介电常数。各化合物又包含有多种化学元素。而各种元素具有对应的特征的电负性。另外，在分子水平上每个化合物具有独特的分子结构、大小、重量、包括对称性在内的形状、和偶极距。这些要素决定了作为分析物的每个化合物的物理和化学的特征。同时也就影响了每个化合物或化学混合物在与传感器电极相作用时的吸附和解吸的过程。 It is well known that compounds have a characteristic dielectric constant corresponding to them. Each compound contains a variety of chemical elements. Each element has a corresponding characteristic electronegativity. Additionally, at the molecular level each compound has a unique molecular structure, size, weight, shape including symmetry, and dipole moment. These factors determine the physical and chemical characteristics of each compound as an analyte. At the same time, it also affects the adsorption and desorption process of each compound or chemical mixture when it interacts with the sensor electrodes. the

当这些分析物在被由有一个频率的一交流电信号所激励时，他们的物理和化学的特征可以用一些交流电学性质来描述：比如电流、电压、电阻抗Z和其包括的相敏元素：电抗X、电阻R、和相位θ(这里粗体表示为矢量)。这个交流激励信号是指一具有正弦波形的交流电压或电流。 When these analytes are excited by an alternating current signal with a frequency, their physical and chemical characteristics can be described by some alternating current properties: such as current, voltage, electrical impedance Z and its included phase sensitive elements : reactance X, resistance R, and phase θ (here expressed as a vector in bold). The AC excitation signal refers to an AC voltage or current with a sinusoidal waveform. the

由图5可知、这些交流电学性质可由应用一电阻抗分析仪器或者其他已知交流电流的分析仪9连接单一传感器1来得到。该单一传感器具有最简单的形式，即是一对金属导体作为一对空间电极，或者一对金属板作为一空间电容。该对电极也可被放置在陶瓷基板上或硅基质上形成相应的厚膜电极或薄膜电极。当一流体中的一分析物是放置在、或者通过单一传感器的两电极间，或电容的两电极板间时，就可检测到分析物的交流电学性质。 It can be seen from FIG. 5 that these AC electrical properties can be obtained by connecting asingle sensor 1 with an electrical impedance analysis instrument orother analyzer 9 with known AC current. The single sensor has the simplest form, that is, a pair of metal conductors as a pair of space electrodes, or a pair of metal plates as a space capacitor. The pair of electrodes can also be placed on a ceramic substrate or a silicon substrate to form a corresponding thick-film electrode or thin-film electrode. When an analyte in a fluid is placed on or passes between two electrodes of a single sensor, or between two electrode plates of a capacitor, the analyte's alternating current property can be detected. the

在复数体系里，电阻抗可以被描述为： In the complex number system, electrical impedance can be described as:

Z＝R+X                            [2] Z＝R+X [2]

相位θ可以由电阻R和电抗X的数值来计算得到。 Phase θ can be calculated from the values of resistance R and reactance X. the

本发明传感器的电抗X结合了容抗X_C和感抗X_L。他们可分别被描述为： The reactance X of the inventive sensor combines capacitive reactance X_C and inductive reactance X_L . They can be described respectively as:

X_C＝j(-1/2πfC)                   [3] X_C ＝j(-1/2πfC) [3]

X_L＝j(2πfL)                      [4] X_L ＝j(2πfL) [4]

其中C是电容，其正比于处在两电极间一介质的介电常数。L是电极的电感。对于应用在本发明中的短的电极来说，电容的数值是远大于电感。所以电抗基本上呈现容抗性。这样、电抗是容抗的一个好的近似表示。 Where C is the capacitance, which is proportional to the dielectric constant of a medium between the two electrodes. L is the inductance of the electrode. For the short electrodes used in the present invention, the capacitance value is much larger than the inductance. So the reactance basically presents capacitive reactance. Thus, reactance is a good approximation of capacitive reactance. the

如果在电极间有在一流体中的一分析物时，电抗为X(2)。如果在电极间只有该流体时，电抗为X(1)，则他们的差值ΔX为： If there is an analyte in a fluid between the electrodes, the reactance is X(2). If there is only the fluid between the electrodes, the reactance is X(1), then their difference ΔX is:

ΔX＝X(2)-X(1)              [5] ΔX＝X(2)-X(1) [5]

其是电抗的改变，是缘于处置在电极之间的分析物的贡献。 It is a change in reactance due to the contribution of the analyte disposed between the electrodes. the

因为分析物在电极间的电容是由其介电常数所决定，和容抗是电抗的主要贡献者的缘故，所以电抗可以被用来检测和鉴别该分析物。这意味着电抗提供了每一化合物或化合混合物的指纹式的信息。在一次测量中，如应用了改变交流信号的频率的方法，本发明就能构筑一电抗谱图来记录在每一个频率上该分析物的内在的化学特征。这样该电抗谱图就包含了一系列该分析物的有类型规律的交流电学性质。 Because the capacitance of an analyte between electrodes is determined by its dielectric constant, and since capacitive reactance is the main contributor to reactance, reactance can be used to detect and identify the analyte. This means that reactance provides fingerprint information for each compound or compound mixture. In a measurement, if the method of changing the frequency of the AC signal is applied, the present invention can construct a reactance spectrum to record the intrinsic chemical characteristics of the analyte at each frequency. In this way, the reactance spectrum contains a series of regular alternating current properties of the analyte. the

众所周知、分析物可通过化学吸附和物理吸附的机理被吸附在测试器件的表面。这种机理导致了复杂的分析物的扩散过程和分析物在器件表面上的动力学。或者由分析物影响了的器件的表面电阻，所以该电阻是结合了分析物的显著的分子特征。例如将金属氧化物薄膜传感器暴露在挥发性的有机化合物中时，包括那些富有氢和氧元素的化合物显著地改变了该传感器的电导率(见纳格尔和贝尔特斯文章)。 It is well known that analytes can be adsorbed on the surface of test devices by chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms. This mechanism leads to complex analyte diffusion processes and analyte kinetics on the device surface. Or the surface resistance of the device is affected by the analyte, so this resistance is a significant molecular feature of the bound analyte. For example, exposing a metal oxide thin-film sensor to volatile organic compounds, including those rich in hydrogen and oxygen, significantly alters the sensor's conductivity (see Nagel and Belters). the

因为分析物的每一个化学元素，诸如氧、氢、氮、和碳元素，都有它所确定的电负性的数值，因尔促成了该分析物的极性或者偶极距。这样电导率(电阻率)改变的实验事实提示了电阻可以被用来记录这种如极性或偶极距的分析物内在的化学特质。 Because each chemical element of an analyte, such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon, has its assigned electronegativity value, this contributes to the polarity, or dipole moment, of that analyte. The experimental fact that such conductivity (resistivity) changes suggests that electrical resistance can be used to record intrinsic chemical properties of the analyte such as polarity or dipole moment. the

在上述的应用本发明的一次测量中，除了得到的一系列的分析物的电抗信息外，另外的一系列的分析物的电阻的信息也是同时可以得到的。这样、相比于电抗改变的形式，在每一频率上电阻的改变ΔR可以确认为： In the above-mentioned one-time measurement using the present invention, in addition to the obtained series of reactance information of the analyte, another series of resistance information of the analyte can also be obtained at the same time. Thus, compared to the form of reactance change, the change in resistance ΔR at each frequency can be identified as:

ΔR＝R(2)-R(1)                [6] ΔR＝R(2)-R(1) [6]

其中R(1)是流体中不含有任何分析物时的传感器的电阻。R(2)是流体中含有分析物时的传感器电阻。可知电阻的改变是缘于分析物的贡献。 where R(1) is the resistance of the sensor when the fluid does not contain any analyte. R(2) is the sensor resistance when the fluid contains the analyte. It can be seen that the change in resistance is due to the contribution of the analyte. the

比较一分析物的电阻和电抗对电阻抗贡献的大小，可知电抗在电阻抗中占主导的地位。这是因为在无水状态下，流体中的分析物是不导电的，因而电阻抗矢量偏向电抗的量纲轴。其次，相位角θ可以由电阻R和电抗X计算而得到，也就可得到相位的改变和电阻抗的改变。这样结合了在每一频率上电阻改变ΔR和电抗改变ΔX的信息，或者它们之一与相位改变Δθ的信息，或者电阻抗的改变，就可以构建成一曲线图。其中包含了相对于扫描过的众多频率的电阻的改变、电抗的改变、相位的改变、或者电阻抗的改变所对应的曲线。该每一曲线显示了分析物的独特的内在的化学的特质。 Comparing the contribution of the resistance and reactance of an analyte to the electrical impedance, it can be seen that the reactance plays a dominant role in the electrical impedance. This is because in the anhydrous state, the analyte in the fluid is not conductive, so the electrical impedance vector is biased towards the dimension axis of the reactance. Secondly, the phase angle θ can be calculated from the resistance R and the reactance X, and the change of the phase and the change of the electrical impedance can also be obtained. In this way a graph can be constructed combining the information on the resistance change ΔR and the reactance change ΔX at each frequency, or either of them with the information on the phase change Δθ, or the change in electrical impedance. It includes curves corresponding to changes in resistance, changes in reactance, changes in phase, or changes in electrical impedance with respect to a plurality of frequencies scanned. Each of these curves shows the unique intrinsic chemical properties of the analyte. the

在一通常的分析该曲线的研究中，可先研究该记录了分析物特质的曲线，包括与在数据库里已有的已知分析物的曲线相比较。这样、分析物电学性质与已知样品的相似性、或不相似性、或类型大概可以通过这种直接分析曲线特征的途经而被鉴别。 In a typical study analyzing the curve, the curve characterizing the analyte can be studied first, including comparison with curves for known analytes already in the database. Thus, the similarity, or dissimilarity, or type, of an analyte's electrical properties to a known sample can presumably be identified through this approach of directly analyzing the characteristics of the curve. the

沿用上述的程序众多的分析物可被一一检测。这样就得到了众多的对应每一分析物的有类型规律的交流电学性质的曲线图。 Following the procedure described above, numerous analytes can be detected one by one. This results in a multitude of graphs corresponding to the type-regular AC electrical properties of each analyte. the

除了上述的绘制的曲线，其作为对分析物有类型规律的电学性质的一种连续型表达的方式外，也有对该性质的离散型表达的方式。如用构建该分析物特征电学性质的矩阵来表达的方式。 In addition to the above-mentioned plotted curve as a continuous expression of the electrical properties of the analyte with regular patterns, there is also a discrete expression of the properties. As expressed in terms of constructing a matrix of electrical properties characteristic of the analyte. the

这种矩阵有偶数的竖栏。相邻的每两个竖栏被用来填入在同一频率上得到的分析物的相应的电学性质，比如电阻和电抗。在这种结构下，该矩阵最多的竖栏数是两倍于扫描的频率的数目(查分析仪器有关于记录的扫描频率数目的技术规定)；或者这种竖栏的数目可以由从扫描过的频率中随机取出的频率的数目来决定；或者可由选取的特定的频率的数目来决定。该矩阵的一横栏是用来填入相对于在所选择的频率上每一分析物被检测到的电学性质。显然、同一分析物在一次实验中可以被多次重复地测量。这样在矩阵中就有对应该分析物多次被测量的多个横栏。 This matrix has an even number of columns. Every two adjacent columns are used to fill in the corresponding electrical properties of the analyte obtained at the same frequency, such as resistance and reactance. Under this structure, the maximum number of vertical columns of the matrix is twice the number of scanned frequencies (check the technical regulations of the analytical instrument for the number of recorded scanning frequencies); or the number of such vertical columns can be determined by scanning It can be determined by the number of randomly selected frequencies in the frequency; or it can be determined by the number of selected specific frequencies. One column of the matrix is used to fill in the electrical properties relative to each analyte detected at the selected frequency. Obviously, the same analyte can be measured many times in one experiment. This way there are multiple columns in the matrix corresponding to the number of times the analyte was measured. the

根据上述的步骤，可以建立一个包括了众多分析物电学性质的矩阵。如假设每个分析物仅被测量一次的话，该矩阵的每一个横栏代表了每一个分析物相对于所选择频率的电学性质。 According to the above steps, a matrix including electrical properties of many analytes can be established. Each column of the matrix represents the electrical properties of each analyte with respect to a selected frequency, assuming that each analyte is measured only once. the

因为分析物的交流电学性质的改变与扫描频率的关系呈非线性，所以登录在上述矩阵中的被测分析物的特征的电学性质改变的差异，可以应用众多的分析法包括了多变量元素分析法(Multivariate)来分析，该类多变量元素分析法包含了类型鉴别的分析法。应用了上述的包括类型鉴别在内的分析法来对列有众多分析物电学性质的矩阵来分析的话，各种分析物的特征包括他们的类型可以容易地被鉴别出来。这种容易性是相比与上述的企图通过直观比较各种分析物所对应曲线而得出他们所对应的类型的困难性而言。 Because the change in the AC electrical properties of the analyte is nonlinear with the scan frequency, the difference in the change in the electrical property of the characteristics of the measured analytes registered in the above matrix can be applied to a variety of analytical methods including multivariate elemental analysis. This type of multivariate elemental analysis method includes the analysis method of type identification. By applying the above-mentioned analysis method including type discrimination to the analysis matrix listing the electrical properties of a plurality of analytes, the characteristics of various analytes including their types can be easily identified. This ease is compared to the difficulty in attempting to visually compare the curves corresponding to various analytes to the type they correspond to, as described above. the

这样，再将得到的一分析物的电学性质的类型与在已建成数据库中的众多已知物的电学性质的类型相比较，该分析物就可以被鉴别出来。 In this way, the analyte can be identified by comparing the obtained electrical property type of an analyte with the electrical property types of many known substances in the established database. the

可以理解的是，虽然本发明优选的扫描频率的区间在10千周和1兆周之间，但是按照本发明的精神和目的，其他的不同于该优选频率的频率也可以被应用。然而应用该优选的频率，不但能鉴别分析物而且还增加了在仪器设计和实际应用时的便利性。 It can be understood that although the preferred scanning frequency of the present invention is between 10 kilocycles and 1 megacycle, other frequencies other than the preferred frequency can also be used according to the spirit and purpose of the present invention. However, using this preferred frequency not only enables the identification of the analyte but also increases the convenience in instrument design and practical application. the

在本发明传感器的设计中，不需要规定应用导电高分子薄膜或其他导电吸附材料来检测或鉴别含有足够浓度的众多分析物。这是因为交流电的激励信号能在真空内传播，所以其能跨越两电极间不存在导电物质的空域。本发明的这种结构十分适合于被用来作为包括气相色谱和液相色谱的检测器和检测方法。这是因为在混合物里的各个化合物是在色谱的分离作用下，在色谱柱里逐渐被一一分离和浓缩，因而就创造了各个化合物可以被各自地检测出来的基本因素。这样本发明新的检测器和方法不仅在应用单一频率之后可以提供分析物的数量多少的信息，而且在应用了多个扫描频率之后可以提供鉴别是何种分析物的信息。另外，应用这种检测器和检测方法在检测样品时不会损坏样品，这是本发明的又一优点。 In the design of the sensor of the present invention, it is not necessary to specify the application of conductive polymer films or other conductive adsorption materials to detect or identify numerous analytes in sufficient concentrations. This is because the excitation signal of alternating current can propagate in a vacuum, so it can cross the space where no conductive substance exists between the two electrodes. The structure of the present invention is very suitable to be used as a detector and detection method including gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. This is because each compound in the mixture is gradually separated and concentrated one by one in the chromatographic column under the action of chromatographic separation, thus creating the basic factors that each compound can be detected separately. Thus, the novel detector and method of the present invention can not only provide information on the amount of analyte after applying a single frequency, but also provide information on identifying what analyte is after applying multiple scanning frequencies. In addition, the application of this detector and detection method will not damage the sample when detecting the sample, which is another advantage of the present invention. the

由图6可知，因为交流电信号可以在真空中传播，所以本发明可以使用任何一种导电的或不导电的吸附或吸收材料8。通过浓缩或选择性地浓缩在流体中含量稀少的分析物的步骤之后再来检测该分析物。因为这种特质，使得本发明可以利用众多的现有的、和发展完善的技术来浓缩和有选择性地浓缩在分析物中的化学标志物或标志物群，从而来达到传感器的高灵敏度和选择性。 It can be seen from FIG. 6 that any conductive or non-conductive adsorption orabsorption material 8 can be used in the present invention because the AC signal can propagate in a vacuum. The analyte is detected after the step of concentrating or selectively concentrating the analyte that is scarce in the fluid. Because of this characteristic, the present invention can use numerous existing and well-developed techniques to concentrate and selectively concentrate the chemical markers or marker groups in the analyte, thereby achieving high sensitivity and high sensitivity of the sensor. selective. the

这一类技术通常涉及应用高分子材料薄膜、高分子材料和无机材料的复合材料、含有铂金属类金属颗粒的复合材料、应用在气相吸附色谱中作为固定相部分的固体无机材料、和应用在气相分配式色谱中用来制作填充式色谱柱和毛细管式的色谱柱中的固定相部分的高分子材料。 This type of technology usually involves the application of thin films of polymer materials, composite materials of polymer materials and inorganic materials, composite materials containing platinum metal-like metal particles, solid inorganic materials used in gas phase adsorption chromatography as part of the stationary phase, and applications in The polymer material used to make the stationary phase part of the packed chromatographic column and capillary chromatographic column in gas phase distribution chromatography. the

例如氢气是应用在众多工业中的一种重要的气体。为了完全使用氢气起见，检测和鉴别氢气尤为关键。为此本发明可以应用含有钯金属微粒和由有机、或无机填充材料组成的复合材料来有选择性地浓缩氢气后，再来对其测量的方法。这个设计利用了氢在金属钯中有极大的溶解度的特征，如金属钯可以吸收容纳高达九百倍于自身体积的氢气(化学和物理手册：Hand Book of Chemistry and Physics，CPC出版社，第24版，第4-12页，1993年到1994年版)。因为这缘故，钯金属通常被称之为“氢的陷阱”。又因为对分析物的检测不会受到吸附材料是否导电的限制，所以本发明有极大的灵活性，即可根据在流体中氢气的不同浓度来决定在复合吸附材料中含有钯颗粒的比例，包括了颗粒的形状。通过拦截了在流体中的氢气之后来检测在流体中的氢气。 Hydrogen, for example, is an important gas used in numerous industries. In order to fully use hydrogen, the detection and identification of hydrogen is particularly critical. For this reason, the present invention can use a composite material containing palladium metal particles and organic or inorganic fillers to selectively concentrate hydrogen, and then measure it. This design utilizes the feature that hydrogen has great solubility in metal palladium, such as metal palladium can absorb and accommodate hydrogen gas up to nine hundred times its own volume (Chemistry and Physics Handbook: Hand Book of Chemistry and Physics, CPC Press, pp. 24, pp. 4-12, 1993-1994 edition). For this reason, palladium metal is often referred to as a "hydrogen trap". And because the detection of the analyte will not be limited by whether the adsorption material is conductive, the present invention has great flexibility, that is, the proportion of palladium particles contained in the composite adsorption material can be determined according to the different concentrations of hydrogen in the fluid. The shape of the particles is included. Hydrogen in the fluid is detected by intercepting the hydrogen in the fluid. the

此外，金属钯是铂金属组中的金属之一。铂金属组由钌、銠、钯、锇、铱和铂组成。他们具有相类似的包括对氢气的溶解度在内的物理和化学的性质(化学和物理手册，第24版，4-15页到4-12页)。这样，在铂金属组中的每一种金属都是适宜的和可被应用到本发明之中。 In addition, metal palladium is one of the metals in the platinum metal group. The platinum metal group consists of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties including solubility for hydrogen (Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 24th edition, pages 4-15 to 4-12). Thus, every metal in the platinum metal group is suitable and can be employed in the present invention. the

气相吸附色谱应用固体颗粒作为固定相材料来选择性地吸附各种气体。固体颗粒包括了众多的不同的固体无机材料。其中最为普遍的是分子筛、硅胶、氧化铝、玻璃、多孔状的碳粒、和碳酸钙。另外，氟化的碳颗粒也是合适的，诸如四氟化乙烯高分子材料颗粒(阐述此 类材料的上述应用随处可见，包括波尔和波尔：Poole，C.F.and Poole，S.K.；今日色谱：Chromatography Today，199页到209页，艾尔塞维尔科学出版社：Elsevier ScientificPublisher，1991年和其中引用的文献)。 Gas phase adsorption chromatography uses solid particles as the stationary phase material to selectively adsorb various gases. Solid particles include a wide variety of solid inorganic materials. The most common of these are molecular sieves, silica gel, alumina, glass, porous carbon particles, and calcium carbonate. In addition, fluorinated carbon particles are also suitable, such as particles of tetrafluoroethylene polymer materials (the above-mentioned applications illustrating such materials can be found everywhere, including Poole and Poole: Poole, C.F. and Poole, S.K.; Chromatography Today: Chromatography Today, pp. 199-209, Elsevier Scientific Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Publisher, 1991 and references cited therein). the

例如分子筛是一种含有精确尺寸和均匀分布微孔的材料。在分子筛制作过程中可控制生成该种微孔。分子筛已被广为认知并应用于吸附气体和液体。分子筛与被吸附物之间有强的物理作用。其可根据分析物分子的大小、构形、极性、和不饱和性来分离分析物。例如分子筛易于吸附一氧化碳而胜过于吸附氦气，和能择优吸附包含有氧、硫、氯、和氮元素的极性分子或者不对称的分子。分子筛可有效地吸附及保留水和二氧化碳，并捕获诸如乙烯和丙烯的不饱和烃类化合物。 Molecular sieves, for example, are materials that contain pores of precise size and uniform distribution. This kind of micropore can be controlled in the molecular sieve production process. Molecular sieves are well known and used for the adsorption of gases and liquids. There is a strong physical interaction between the molecular sieve and the adsorbate. It separates analytes based on their size, configuration, polarity, and unsaturation. For example, molecular sieves tend to adsorb carbon monoxide better than helium, and can preferentially adsorb polar or asymmetric molecules including oxygen, sulfur, chlorine, and nitrogen. Molecular sieves effectively adsorb and retain water and carbon dioxide, and capture unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene and propylene. the

在气相解析色谱的分离过程中，一混和物中的各化合物的分离是根据各化合物的蒸气压和其与用作为色谱柱中的固定相的高分子材料之间的选择性的作用来进行的。在填充式色谱柱中，该固定相材料被覆盖在固体充填颗粒的表面。在毛细管式的色谱柱中，该固定相材料是涂在中空毛细管柱的内表面。 In the separation process of gas-phase desorption chromatography, the separation of each compound in a mixture is carried out according to the effect of the vapor pressure of each compound and its selectivity with the polymer material used as the stationary phase in the chromatographic column. . In packed columns, the stationary phase material is coated on the surface of solid packing particles. In capillary columns, the stationary phase material is coated on the inner surface of the hollow capillary column. the

如要在分子作用的程度上来理解上述的选择性作用的话，该种作用是建筑在作为分析物的各化合物与固定相材料之间的分子间的作用之上，比如色散力、诱导力、取向力和在施主和受主之间的作用力。为了帮助理解上述的作用过程，一“相象而相溶”的比喻大约是有助于来理解这种分子间作用的结果。选择性是这种相互作用的结果之一，其源于某类化合物和色谱柱固定相材料的相似性而造成。例如极性对于化合物来讲是一个特征的性质。其可被用来描述这种相象性：极性的化合物倾向于极性的用于色谱柱的固定相材料；而非极性的化合物趋向于非极性的固定相材料。 If we want to understand the above-mentioned selective effect at the level of molecular effect, this effect is based on the intermolecular effect between each compound as an analyte and the stationary phase material, such as dispersion force, induction force, orientation Forces and forces acting between donors and recipients. In order to help understand the above-mentioned action process, a metaphor of "similar and compatible" is probably helpful to understand the result of this intermolecular interaction. Selectivity is one of the results of this interaction, which arises from the similarity between a certain class of compounds and the column stationary phase material. For example, polarity is a characteristic property of compounds. It can be used to describe this similarity: polar compounds tend to polar stationary phase materials used in chromatographic columns; nonpolar compounds tend to nonpolar stationary phase materials. the

根据上述的用比喻来表示的原则，可以使用一种固定相材料而达到有选择性地分溶某类化合物的目的。该固定相的极性是接近或者匹配对应的化合物的极性。比如聚合硅氧烷是一种非极性高分子材料。其被最广泛地用作为色谱柱固定相的基质材料。这是因为它的化学结构易于被衍生反应而改变，例如被甲基、乙烯基、苯基、双苯基、3，3，3-三氟化丙基、二一氰乙基、或者一氰丙基所改变。从而导之改变聚合硅氧烷的极性：从非极性到极性。该种衍生反应是众所周知的(波尔和波尔，今日色谱，第二章，和其中所引用的参考文献；西佛：Hyver，编缉；桑爵：Sandra，应邀作者；高分辨率气相色谱仪：High ResolutionChromatography，2-1页到2-16页，第三稿，西来特-潘卡特公司：Hewlett-Packard，1989年，和其中引用的参考文献)。这样就极性的相似性来说，经由特定的衍生反应而改变了极性的聚合硅氧烷高分子可适用于相应的许多类型的化合物。 According to the above-mentioned principles expressed by metaphor, a stationary phase material can be used to achieve the purpose of selectively dissolving certain types of compounds. The polarity of the stationary phase is close to or matches the polarity of the corresponding compound. For example, polysiloxane is a non-polar polymer material. It is most widely used as a matrix material for chromatography column stationary phases. This is because its chemical structure is easily changed by derivatization reactions, such as methyl, vinyl, phenyl, bisphenyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, dicyanoethyl, or monocyano Propyl changed. This leads to a change in the polarity of the polymeric siloxane: from non-polar to polar. Such derivatization reactions are well known (Bohr and Ball, Chromatography Today,Chapter 2, and references cited therein; Hyver, eds.; Sandra, Invited Author; High Resolution Gas Chromatography Apparatus: High Resolution Chromatography, pp. 2-1 to 2-16, third draft, Selett-Pancart: Hewlett-Packard, 1989, and references cited therein). Thus, in terms of similarity in polarity, polymeric siloxane polymers whose polarity has been changed through specific derivatization reactions are applicable to correspondingly many types of compounds. the

以下是众所周知的硅氧烷聚合物的种种衍生物，其常被应用来选择性地分溶在流体中的各类化合物。 The following are various derivatives of well-known silicone polymers, which are often used to selectively dissolve various compounds in fluids. the

1、含有100％双甲基聚合硅氧烷，用于众多分析物，包括：溶剂、石化制品燃料、油类、碳氢化合物、药物、调味物、香料、含硫化合物、和氯化的双苯基聚合物。 1. Contains 100% dimethyl polysiloxane, used for many analytes, including: solvents, petrochemical fuels, oils, hydrocarbons, drugs, flavors, fragrances, sulfur compounds, and chlorinated bis Phenyl polymers. the

2、含有5％双苯基和95％甲基、或者含有35％双苯基和65％甲基、或者含有14％氰丙基和86％甲基的的聚合硅氧烷，用于分析分析物包括农药类、芳香烃的碳氢化合物、多重氯化的联苯、饱和氧化合物、胺类化合物、芳香类油、医药类化合物、对环境有影响的化合物、和含氮元素的包括除草剂在内的化合物。 2. Polysiloxane containing 5% biphenyl and 95% methyl, or 35% biphenyl and 65% methyl, or 14% cyanopropyl and 86% methyl, for analysis substances including pesticides, aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, saturated oxygen compounds, amine compounds, aromatic oils, pharmaceutical compounds, compounds that have an impact on the environment, and nitrogen-containing compounds including herbicides compounds in it. the

3、含有20％双苯基和80％双甲基的聚合硅氧烷，用于检测分析物包括有调味功效的芳香类化合物和含酒精的饮料类化合物。 3. Polysiloxane containing 20% biphenyl and 80% dimethyl, used to detect analytes including aromatic compounds with flavoring effect and alcoholic beverage compounds. the

4、含有50％苯基和50％甲基或者三氟化丙基甲基的聚合硅氧烷，用于检测分析物包括对环境有影响的化合物、溶剂、酮类化合物、毒品类化合物、类固醇、和含卤素的化合物。 4. Polysiloxane containing 50% phenyl and 50% methyl or trifluoropropylmethyl, used to detect analytes including compounds that have an impact on the environment, solvents, ketones, drug-like compounds, steroids , and halogen-containing compounds. the

5、含有65％的双苯基和35％的双甲基的聚合硅氧烷，用于检测分析物包括有苯酚类化合物和脂肪酸类化合物。 5. Polysiloxane containing 65% biphenyl and 35% dimethyl, used for detecting analytes including phenolic compounds and fatty acid compounds. the

6、含有50％氰基丙基甲基和50％苯基甲基的聚合硅氧烷，用于检测分析物包括碳水化合 物和天然类固醇类化合物。 6. Polysiloxane containing 50% cyanopropylmethyl and 50% phenylmethyl for the detection of analytes including carbohydrates and natural steroids. the

必须指出的是，以上阐述的衍生的硅氧烷高分子聚合物可以选择性地与多种包括胺类化合物在内的目标化合物相作用。而胺类包括衍生的胺类化合物在众多研究者的为诊断多种疾病的研究报告中是作为在病员的病理样品包括口腔气味样品中所公认的生化标志物。上述的部分的研究结果已被列举在刘易斯的333专利中。为缩短本发明公开的篇幅，现将该些列举的研究结果全部合并在本发明的公开中。 It must be noted that the derivatized silicone polymers described above can selectively interact with a variety of target compounds including amines. Amines, including derivatized amine compounds, are recognized as biochemical markers in pathological samples of patients, including oral odor samples, in the research reports of many researchers for the diagnosis of various diseases. The research results of the above-mentioned parts have been listed in Lewis' '333 patent. In order to shorten the length of the disclosure of the present invention, all the listed research results are now incorporated in the disclosure of the present invention. the

除了上述的硅氧烷高分子聚合物以及其衍生物，间位联接的苯基乙醇聚合物、苯二酸酯、酯的聚合物，比如像是聚合甘醇之类的聚合乙醇、和液态有机盐都是在气相色谱里常用的聚合物。其被用来与其极性相仿的化合物相作用。例如聚合甘醇是极性的固定相，其可被用来分析酸、酒精、乙醛、丙烯酸盐、酮化物、芳香性油料、二醇、和溶剂类化合物。液态有机盐也是极性的，通常由有机铵或者有机磷正离子与亲质子的负离子配对组成。该种离子比如是硫酸盐根，或者是无机盐的负离子，象是卤素离子和硝酸盐根离子。液态有机盐的例子有如四丁基硫酸铵和四丁基硝酸磷(波尔和波尔，今日色谱，114页到118页，和其中引用的文献；西佛和桑爵，高分辨率气相色谱仪，2-9页)。 In addition to the above-mentioned silicone polymers and their derivatives, meta-linked phenyl alcohol polymers, phthalic acid esters, ester polymers, such as polymeric alcohols such as polymeric glycols, and liquid organic Salts are commonly used polymers in gas chromatography. It is used to interact with compounds of similar polarity. Polyethylene glycol, for example, is a polar stationary phase that can be used to analyze acids, alcohols, aldehydes, acrylates, ketones, aromatic oils, glycols, and solvents. Liquid organic salts are also polar and usually consist of organoammonium or organophosphorus cations paired with protic anions. Such ions are, for example, sulfate, or negative ions of inorganic salts, such as halide ions and nitrate ions. Examples of liquid organic salts are tetrabutylammonium sulfate and tetrabutylphosphorus nitrate (Ball and Ball, Chromatography Today, pp. 114 to 118, and references cited therein; Seaver and Sanger, High Resolution Gas Chromatography instrument, pp. 2-9). the

包括上述的高分子材料在内的高分子聚合物被应用在填充式色谱柱时是被涂在固体支持颗粒的外表面，或被应用在空心毛细管色谱柱时是被涂在空心管柱的内表面。然而、在实施涂层步骤之前，对固体支持颗粒表面或对空心色谱柱内表面的去极性是一个通常的众所周知的步骤。实施该步骤是为了保持或者加强被涂物体表面对高分子材料的浸润性，从而可取的均匀的表面涂层。 Polymers, including the above-mentioned polymer materials, are coated on the outer surface of solid support particles when applied to packed chromatographic columns, or coated on the inside of hollow columns when applied to hollow capillary chromatographic columns. surface. However, depolarization of the solid support particle surface or of the inner surface of a hollow chromatographic column is a generally well-known step prior to performing the coating step. The purpose of this step is to maintain or enhance the wettability of the surface of the coated object to the polymer material, so that a uniform surface coating is desirable. the

一般而言，去极性是将固体表面的硅醇经化学反应转化成硅醚。这种化学反应应用了双甲基双氯化硅烷(DMCS)、[二甲基-(三甲基甲硅烷基氨基)甲硅烷基]甲烷(hexamethyldisilazane)、三甲基氯化硅烷(TMCS)、或者由上述的化学试剂组合而成、或者还可使用十八环双甲基氯化硅烷(octadecyldimethylchlorosilane)(玻尔和波尔，今日色谱)。 In general, depolarization is the conversion of silanols on the solid surface into silyl ethers through chemical reactions. This chemical reaction uses dimethyl dichlorosilane (DMCS), [dimethyl-(trimethylsilylamino) silyl] methane (hexamethyldisilazane), trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), Either a combination of the chemicals mentioned above or octadecyldimethylchlorosilane (Bohr and Ball, Chromatography Today) can also be used. the

在气相色谱柱的制作中，对固体支持颗粒表面和空心毛细管柱内表面的改性而形成与高分子材料化学键的连接也是常用的手段。一种方案是涉及单官能团或多官能团的烷基或环状硅烷试剂与单质硅或者硅藻土的支持颗粒的表面，或者熔融石英制成的空心色谱柱内表面的化学反应。在反应中高分子聚合物的连接可能通过同时形成硅烷键和高分子聚合反应的化学键来产生高分子聚合物与固体支持颗粒的表面或色谱柱内表面的牢固的化学键的连接。 In the production of gas chromatography columns, the modification of the surface of solid support particles and the inner surface of hollow capillary columns to form chemical bonds with polymer materials is also a common means. One approach involves the chemical reaction of monofunctional or polyfunctional alkyl or cyclic silane reagents with the surface of elemental silica or diatomaceous earth support particles, or the inner surface of hollow chromatography columns made of fused silica. The connection of polymers in the reaction may be through the simultaneous formation of silane bonds and chemical bonds of polymer polymerization to produce strong chemical bonds between polymers and the surface of solid support particles or the inner surface of chromatographic columns. the

另一种方案是对已被涂有高分子材料的支持颗粒的表面或色谱柱的内表面应用了由过氧化物或臭氧诱发的自由基产生的交联聚合反应而形成固定的硅氧烷聚合物。例如制作中等极性的硅氧烷聚合物是应用了含有不同数量的乙烯基、甲苯基、辛基的硅氧烷而增进形成了交联的聚合物(波尔和波尔，今日色谱，122页到127页，132页到152页)。 Another option is to apply the cross-linking polymerization reaction induced by free radicals induced by peroxide or ozone to the surface of the support particles or the inner surface of the column coated with polymer materials to form immobilized siloxane polymers. things. For example, medium polar siloxane polymers are made by using siloxanes containing different amounts of vinyl, tolyl, and octyl groups to enhance the formation of cross-linked polymers (Bohr and Ball, Chromatography Today, 122 pp. to 127, pp. 132 to 152). the

这样本发明可以应用上述的成功的现有技术来处理由陶瓷基板或者硅基质组成的相应的单一传感器的厚膜或薄膜电极板表面，或者用在空间电极上的固体支持颗粒的表面，来取得一致的高分子薄膜的涂层。 The present invention can apply above-mentioned successful prior art to process the thick film or the thin film electrode plate surface of corresponding single sensor that is made of ceramic substrate or silicon matrix like this, or the surface that is used on the solid support particle on the space electrode, to obtain Consistent polymer film coating. the

应用单一传感器和交流电频率扫描的技术，本发明不但能够得到分析物的具有类型特征的电学性质，而且能在传感器设计中取得包括小尺寸的传感器和传感器仓在内的与众不同的优点。而这种小尺寸的传感器和传感器仓使得本发明实际上在传感器生产中，特别是在制造由电池电能驱动的掌上型电子鼻仪器时，能应用双传感器的结构。 By using the technique of single sensor and alternating current frequency sweep, the present invention can not only obtain the electrical properties with type characteristics of the analyte, but also obtain distinctive advantages in sensor design including small-sized sensors and sensor chambers. And this small-sized sensor and sensor chamber make the present invention actually in the sensor production, especially when making the palm-type electronic nose instrument driven by battery electric energy, can apply the structure of double sensor. the

在双传感器结构方案中，本发明应用了两个相同的传感器，其中一个用作为检测传感器，另一个用作为参照传感器。当背景噪声，比如象湿度之类影响到检测传感器的工作性能时，带有背景噪声的处在流体中的一分析物由检测传感器来检测，而带有背景噪声的流体由参照传感器来检测。然后再通过由检测传感器得到的电学性质减去由参照传感器得到电学性质的处理，背景噪声包括湿度的影响就能被排除。这样就保证了不会得到含有背景噪声的错误的 分析物的信息。 In the dual-sensor configuration scheme, the present invention uses two identical sensors, one of which is used as a detection sensor and the other is used as a reference sensor. When background noise, such as humidity, affects the performance of the test sensor, an analyte in the fluid with background noise is detected by the test sensor and the fluid with background noise is detected by the reference sensor. Then, by subtracting the electrical properties obtained by the reference sensor from the electrical properties obtained by the detection sensor, the influence of background noise including humidity can be eliminated. This ensures that no false analyte information is obtained with background noise. the

双传感器的应用之一特别有利于对病人的即时式的医疗诊断，比如象是对病人的耳中和口腔疾病的诊断。在该类诊断中，由引起疾病的细菌所产生的特征气体混合物，即是电子鼻仪器的分析物，被口腔呼吸气体样本中的湿度所掩盖，这是因为造成湿度的水分的浓度通常是显著地大于分析物的浓度。应用了本发明的双传感器结构就能在检测口腔气体样本时去除湿度对分析物的影响。 One of the applications of the dual sensor is particularly advantageous for point-of-care medical diagnosis of patients, such as the diagnosis of diseases in the patient's ears and mouth. In this type of diagnosis, the characteristic gas mixture produced by the disease-causing bacteria that is the analyte of the electronic nose instrument is masked by the humidity in the oral breath gas sample, because the concentration of moisture that causes humidity is usually significant. greater than the concentration of the analyte. Applying the double sensor structure of the present invention can remove the influence of humidity on the analyte when detecting the mouth gas sample. the

在检测病员口腔气体样本中应用包含有消除湿度效应的双传感器结构，本发明还可以通过有选择性地检测与众多疾病有对应关系的作为相应的生化目标物的气态化合物，或化合物群即生化目标物群来快速有效地诊断疾病。应用这种医疗诊断的战略是在于建立生化目标物(群)与相关疾病的对应关系。在这种研究中，分析物通常是一化学混合物。在该混合物的众多化合物中，包含有一个和多个生化目标物即生化目标物群。应用双传感器策略在检测生化目标物(群)时，可用检测传感器去检测带有背景噪声的在流体中的一分析物的样本。另外用参照传感器去检测带有同样背景噪声的被包含在流体中的分析物，但此时分析物中不含有该生化目标物(群)。这是在参照传感器前利用了合适的吸附材料来有选择地栏截了该生化目标物(群)而造成的(见图11)。这种栏截是在参照传感器检测之前完成的。然后将检测传感器得到的电学性质减去在参照传感器上得到电学性质，就可以得到该生化目标物(群)的电学性质。 In the detection of the patient's oral gas sample, the double sensor structure containing the elimination of the humidity effect is applied. The present invention can also selectively detect the gaseous compounds corresponding to many diseases as the corresponding biochemical target, or the compound group is the biochemical target groups to diagnose diseases quickly and efficiently. The strategy for applying this medical diagnosis consists in establishing a correspondence between biochemical target(s) and associated diseases. In such studies, the analyte is usually a chemical mixture. Among the many compounds in the mixture, one or more biochemical target substances are contained, that is, groups of biochemical target substances. Applying the dual sensor strategy to the detection of biochemical target(s), the detection sensor can be used to detect a sample of an analyte in a fluid with background noise. The reference sensor is additionally used to detect the analyte contained in the fluid with the same background noise, but this time the analyte does not contain the biochemical target (population). This is due to the selective interception of the biochemical target(s) using a suitable adsorbent material in front of the reference sensor (see Figure 11). This blocking is done prior to detection by the reference sensor. Then subtract the electrical properties obtained by the reference sensor from the electrical properties obtained by the detection sensor, to obtain the electrical properties of the biochemical target (group). the

以下列举了用于医学诊断的与已知器官疾病相对应的生化目标物： The following is a list of biochemical targets corresponding to known organ diseases for medical diagnosis:

(1)对应于肾和肝疾病的甲基胺。见2008年2月25日“生化药物”：BioMed的新闻报道的美国国家标准和技术研究所和在美国波特市(Boulder)的科罗拉多大学的研究人员的研究结果。“生化药物”是一家在互联网上的在线机构。 (1) Methylamines corresponding to renal and hepatic diseases. See the February 25, 2008 "Biochemical Medicines": BioMed News reporting findings by researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado at Boulder. "Biochemical Drugs" is an online agency on the Internet. the

(2)与肾脏败坏有关的铵和三甲基胺。其被分别报道在“生化药物”，和“化学和工程新闻”：Chemical&Engineering News有关于2004年在美国匹茨堡举行的匹茨堡世界分析和光谱化学年会的专题介绍的期刊上。 (2) Ammonium and trimethylamine related to kidney damage. It was reported in the journals Biochemical Medicines, and Chemical & Engineering News: Chemical & Engineering News with a presentation at the 2004 Pittsburgh World Congress of Analytical and Spectroscopic Chemistry held in Pittsburgh, USA, respectively. the

(3)与糖尿病有关的丙酮。被分别报道在“生化医药”，和在2008年1月出版的“现代科学”：Current Science，第94卷，第2号。 (3) Acetone associated with diabetes. Reported separately in "Biochemical Medicine", and "Modern Science" published in January 2008: Current Science, Vol. 94, No. 2. the

(4)与呼吸系统疾病包括哮喘和肺病有关的一氧化氮。被报道在“生化医药”，和周易：Choi等人报道在“为护理的生物研究”：Biological Research for Nursing，第七卷，第4号，241页到255页，2006年，和佛玛尼克：Formanek等人报道在“呼吸系统”：Respiratory Journal，2002年，19期，487页到491页。 (4) Nitric oxide associated with respiratory diseases including asthma and lung disease. Reported in "Biochemical Medicine", and Zhou Yi: Choi et al. Reported in "Biological Research for Nursing": Biological Research for Nursing, Vol. VII, No. 4, pp. 241-255, 2006, and Fermanik : Formanek et al. Reported in Respiratory System: Respiratory Journal, 2002, Issue 19, pp. 487-491. the

(5)与血尿氮疾病有关的铵。由那拉西姆哈：Narasimhan等人发表在美国国家科学院学报：PNAS上，2001年4月10日，第98卷，第8号，4917页到4921页。 (5) Ammonium related to blood and urine nitrogen diseases. By Narasimhan: Narasimhan et al. Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: PNAS, April 10, 2001, Vol. 98, No. 8, pp. 4917-4921. the

(6)与肠炎有关的戊烷。由科哈撒卡：Kohoszka等人发表在“肠疾病”：Diseases of the Colon&Rectum，第36卷，第6号，597页到602页，1993年6月。 (6) Pentane associated with enteritis. By Kohoszka: Kohoszka et al. Published in "Intestinal Diseases": Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 597-602, June 1993. the

(7)与肺气泡纤维化：cysticfibrosis有关的硫化羰。由加州大学欧访分校：UC，Irvine的新闻室报刊报道，2005年10月17日。该研究结果也被报道在美国国家科学院的网上简报中，2005年10月。 (7) Carbonyl sulfide related to alveolar fibrosis: cysticfibrosis. Reported by the Newsroom Press of UC, Irvine, 17 October 2005. The findings were also reported in the Online Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences, October 2005. the

(8)与胆固醇疾病有关的异戊二稀。由杰可毕：Jacoby在“化学和工程新闻”上对2004年匹茨堡年会的报道。 (8) Isoprene associated with cholesterol disease. By Jacoby: Jacoby's coverage of the 2004 Pittsburgh Annual Meeting in Chemical and Engineering News. the

(9)与肺癌有关的六碳烷、甲基五碳烷、和包括对位甲苯胺在内的苯胺。由欧尼尔：O’Neil等人报道在“医疗诊所化学”：Clinical Chemistry，34期，1988年，第1613页。 (9) Hexacarbonane, methylpentane, and anilines including p-toluidine, which are related to lung cancer. By O'Neil: O'Neil et al. reported in Medical Clinic Chemistry: Clinical Chemistry, Issue 34, 1988, p. 1613. the

同时，已有报道对一些生化目标物的生理学的基础。例如乙醛是乙醇代谢的产物；乙酰乙酸盐的脱羧反应产生了丙酮；蛋白质的代谢导致了氨的产生；由血红素氧酶催化的反应产生了一氧化碳；硫化羰、硫化二羰、乙醇、氢气、和甲烷是肠内细菌的产物；类脂物的过氧化反应产生了乙烷和戊烷；类脂化合物的代谢产物为碳氢化合物；异戊二稀来源于胆固醇的 生物合成；甲硫醇是甲硫醇代谢的产物；水果的代谢产生了甲醇；甲胺来源于蛋白质的代谢；和一氧化氮来源于由一氧化氮生物合成所催化的生成反应(李斯比：Risby，T.H.；苏尔格：Solga，S.F.；应用物理B：Appl.Phys.B，第85卷，421页到426页，2006年)。 At the same time, the physiological basis for some biochemical targets has been reported. For example, acetaldehyde is a product of ethanol metabolism; decarboxylation of acetoacetate produces acetone; protein metabolism leads to the production of ammonia; reactions catalyzed by heme oxygenase produce carbon monoxide; carbonyl sulfide, dicarbonyl sulfide, ethanol, Hydrogen, and methane are products of intestinal bacteria; lipid peroxidation produces ethane and pentane; lipid metabolites are hydrocarbons; isoprene is derived from cholesterol biosynthesis; methylsulfide Methanol is a product of the metabolism of methyl mercaptan; methanol is produced from the metabolism of fruit; methylamine is derived from protein metabolism; and nitric oxide is derived from a reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide biosynthesis (Risby, T.H.; Su Ergo: Solga, S.F.; Applied Physics B: Appl.Phys.B, Vol. 85, pp. 421-426, 2006). the

另外多种生化目标物已经用于医疗诊所的化验。例如乙酸酯、糖基酰脲用来检测欧陆塞卡尔效应：orocecal的转变时间；氨基芘、咖啡因、红霉素、N-乙酰甲氧基苯胺、和半乳糖等用来测试肝功能；葡萄糖用来检测阻碍产生胰岛素的程度；酮异乙酸和甲硫氨酸作为检测肝线粒体的功能；三油酸甘油酯作为检测脂肪的吸收障碍；尿嘧啶用来测试二氢嘧啶脱氧氢酶的活性；和尿素作为捕如里：H.Pylori炎症的测试(李斯比和苏尔格)。 A variety of other biochemical targets have been used in assays in medical clinics. For example, acetate and glycosylurea are used to detect the effect of orocecal: the transition time of orocecal; aminopyrene, caffeine, erythromycin, N-acetylmethoxyaniline, and galactose are used to test liver function; Glucose was used to measure the degree of obstruction of insulin production; ketoisoacetic acid and methionine were used to test the function of liver mitochondria; triolein was used to test the malabsorption of fat; uracil was used to test the activity of dihydropyrimidine deoxygenase ; and urea as urea: a test for H.Pylori inflammation (Lisby and Sulger). the

必须明确的是，生化目标物同时存在在病患的尿液、粪便、血清、血液、和唾液样品中。这样本发明包括双传感器的策略也可以被用来检测这些样品所散发出来的气体而达到医疗诊断的目的。 It must be clear that the biochemical targets were also present in patient urine, feces, serum, blood, and saliva samples. In this way, the strategy of the present invention including dual sensors can also be used to detect the gas emitted by these samples to achieve the purpose of medical diagnosis. the

口腔气体样品最近有报道被用来诊断乳房癌(艾尔佛拉兹：Alvarez，美国福克斯新闻：Fox News，2008年2月28日报道的密执安大学的研究结果；杜扑逊：Dobson，英国的“在线邮件”：Mail Online互联网企业，2008年6月5日报道的伦敦帝国学院的结果)。 Mouth gas samples have recently been reported to be used to diagnose breast cancer (Alvarez: Alvarez, US Fox News: Fox News, University of Michigan research results reported on February 28, 2008; Dobson: Dobson, "Mail Online" in the UK: Mail Online Internet Enterprise, results from Imperial College London reported 5 June 2008). the

除了被用于医疗诊断以外，口腔呼吸气体样品也被用来监控在手术中病员体内的麻醉剂含量。这是鉴于曾经发现在口腔气体样品中存有麻醉剂丙泊酚：Propofol和与其有关的两个代谢物(哈里森等人：Harrison，G.R.；英国麻醉学会期刊：British Journal of Anaesthesia，2003年第91卷，第6号，797页到799页)。 In addition to being used for medical diagnostics, oral breath samples are also used to monitor anesthetic levels in patients during surgery. This is in view of the presence of the anesthetic propofol in oral gas samples: Propofol and two metabolites related to it (Harrison et al.: Harrison, G.R.; British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2003 pp. 91 Vol. 6, pp. 797-799). the

在医疗诊断领域内，如何利用人类的体味也是一个备受关注的课题。例如从个别人的一种特殊的表皮的味道经检测后发现存有化合物塞切族佛瑞尼亚：Schizophrenia(史密斯等人：Smith，K.；科学：Science，969，166期，398页)。所以目前由应用电子鼻仪器对皮肤气味的研究已包括了对该化合物的检测(地那特儿等人：Di Natale，C.；传感器和传动结构B：Sensors and Actuators B，2000年，第65号，216页)。 In the field of medical diagnosis, how to use human body odor is also a topic of great concern. For example, after testing the taste of a special epidermis of an individual, it was found that there was a compound Seche Phrynian: Schizophrenia (Smith et al.: Smith, K.; Science: Science, 969, Issue 166, p. 398) . Therefore, the current research on skin odor by the application of electronic nose instruments has included the detection of this compound (Dinater et al.: Di Natale, C.; Sensors and Actuators B: Sensors and Actuators B, 2000, p. 65 No., p. 216). the

此外，收集气态样品的方法和装置也早已被认知(嘎特耐等人：Gardiner，童孩时期的疾病：Archives of Disease in Childhood，1981年，56，125页到127页)。这样本发明也就可以被用来研究人体体味。在研究中可使用随机检测到的，或者检测已经被收集到的病员身体气味的样本。包括那些从人体的脚部、腋下、和大腿根部收集到的体味的样本，这是因为细菌最有可能在那些部位集结而导致疾病的产生。 Furthermore, methods and devices for collecting gaseous samples have long been known (Gartney et al.: Gardiner, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1981, 56, pp. 125-127). The present invention also can be used for researching human body body odor like this. Randomly detected or already collected samples of patient body odor can be used in the study. Include body odor samples collected from people's feet, underarms, and thighs because bacteria are most likely to accumulate in those areas and cause disease. the

在应用双传感器的结构来校正背景噪声的影响中，除了湿度之外，本发明还可以用来补偿其他的背景噪声。诸如高分子薄膜的老化效应和由温度波动而造成的电学性质波动。这样就保证了检测分析物的电学性质的准确性和精确性。 In applying the dual sensor structure to correct the influence of background noise, the present invention can also be used to compensate other background noises besides humidity. Such as aging effects of polymer films and fluctuations in electrical properties caused by temperature fluctuations. This ensures the accuracy and precision of detecting the electrical properties of the analyte. the

分析物的吸附和解吸过程会受到温度的影响。在气相色谱中，经常采用温度控制的程序，包括温度梯度的控制程序来有效地分离一化学混合物中的各种化合物。因为本发明的单一传感器和其所对应的传感器仓所具有的小的体积，这就导致了所需少的电能消耗来控制对包括传感器和分析物在内的传感器仓的温度。这样本发明也就实际上可以应用温度控制的程序，包括温度梯度的控制程序来控制分析物与传感器电极作用过程中的吸附和解吸过程。这种温度控制特别有利于由应用本发明而制作的、由电池供电的掌上携带式的电子鼻仪器。在使用了上述的温度控制的程序之后，本发明有可能来充分地展示分析物的内在的化学特质而达到对分析物的高品质的检测和鉴别。 Analyte adsorption and desorption processes are affected by temperature. In gas chromatography, temperature-controlled procedures, including temperature-gradient controlled procedures, are often used to efficiently separate various compounds in a chemical mixture. Because of the small size of the single sensor of the present invention and its corresponding sensor cartridge, this results in less power consumption required to control the temperature of the sensor cartridge including the sensor and analyte. In this way, the present invention can actually use a temperature control program, including a temperature gradient control program, to control the adsorption and desorption process during the interaction between the analyte and the sensor electrodes. This temperature control is particularly advantageous for battery-operated, hand-carried electronic nose devices made using the present invention. After using the above-mentioned temperature control procedure, the present invention may fully display the inherent chemical characteristics of the analyte to achieve high-quality detection and identification of the analyte. the

由于有上述的种种特点，本发明可以设计和发展成具有体积小、成本低、和便利的携带性的传感器。作为一个例子，在设计电子鼻仪器时，由于特别是因为低的传感器制作成本的原因，所以本发明的单一传感器是十分适合于用来制作一次性使用的传感器。 Due to the above-mentioned various features, the present invention can be designed and developed into a sensor with small volume, low cost, and convenient portability. As an example, when designing an electronic nose device, the single sensor of the present invention is very suitable for making a single-use sensor, especially because of the low sensor manufacturing cost. the

实例example

以下公开的是有关于本发明的的核心技术即应用交流电频率扫描和矢量分析的工作原理的单一传感器的例子和实验情况。提供该实例仅仅是用作为对本发明的阐述，而不作为对本发明的限制。 Disclosed below are examples and experimental situations related to the core technology of the present invention, that is, a single sensor using the operating principles of AC frequency sweep and vector analysis. This example is provided only as an illustration of the present invention, not as a limitation of the present invention. the

作为最简单传感器的一对电极是用纯金的圆型线材来制作的。该电极长12毫米，电极间距约为1毫米。用标准的同轴电缆来连接该电极和一交流电流分析仪器，比如艾杰伦4294电阻抗仪：Agilent 4294A(艾杰伦公司：Agilent；美国加州保罗奥尔多市：Palo Alto)。在测试样品前，先对该电极进行电学标定。在测试电阻抗时应用了交流电频率扫描和矢量分析的方法，从而在每一个被扫描的频率上，可以同时得到电阻抗和相位、或电抗和电阻等不同组合的两种电学性质。 A pair of electrodes as the simplest sensor is made of pure gold round wire. The electrodes are 12 mm long and the electrode spacing is about 1 mm. Use standard coaxial cables to connect the electrode to an AC current analysis instrument, such as the Agilent 4294 Electrical Impedance Meter: Agilent 4294A (Agilent: Agilent; Palo Alto, California, USA). Before testing the sample, the electrode is electrically calibrated. The method of AC frequency scanning and vector analysis is applied in the test of electrical impedance, so that at each scanned frequency, two electrical properties of different combinations of electrical impedance and phase, or reactance and resistance can be obtained at the same time. the

在第一个实验中应用了10千周到500千周区间的频率扫描。在第二个实验中使用了500千周到1兆周区间的频率扫描。五种不同的化合物被用来作为相应的分析物，包括丙酮、醋酸、正六碳烷、甲苯和水，而室内的空气是作为他们的载体即本文所指的流体。在第一个实验中，每一种化合物是交体地被测试了六次。在实施上述的测试中，每一种化合物被封装到六个小的玻璃样品瓶中，直至该瓶被一半充满时为至。除了用在测试之时，该样品是处在密封的状态。 A frequency sweep in the interval from 10 kcycles to 500 kcycles was applied in the first experiment. In the second experiment a frequency sweep ranging from 500 kcycles to 1 megacycle was used. Five different compounds were used as corresponding analytes, including acetone, acetic acid, n-hexane, toluene, and water, and room air was used as their carrier, the fluid referred to in this paper. In the first experiment, each compound was tested six times crosswise. In carrying out the tests described above, each compound was packaged into six small glass sample vials until the vials were half full. The sample is sealed except when used for testing. the

在测试每一样品之前，首先测试室内的空气即流体，并记录它的电阻抗、电抗和电阻等电学性质。并用他们作为参照数值。在测试样品时，打开一容纳该样品的试样瓶，然后把该电极伸进瓶中直至电极前端接近该化学样品的液面为止。此时并用一棉花球来塞住电缆和瓶口相交集的空间，来防止在瓶中的该化合物气体浓度的波动。在测试样品气体的电学性质前，又用十秒钟作为等待的时间。样品被测试完毕后，立即将该样品瓶从电极移开，并被重新封盖上瓶盖。该被测试过的样品在实验中不再被重复使用。 Before testing each sample, first test the air in the chamber, which is the fluid, and record its electrical properties such as electrical impedance, reactance, and resistance. and use them as reference values. When testing a sample, a sample bottle containing the sample is opened, and then the electrode is inserted into the bottle until the front end of the electrode is close to the liquid level of the chemical sample. At this time, a cotton ball is used to plug the space where the cable and the mouth of the bottle intersect to prevent the fluctuation of the gas concentration of the compound in the bottle. An additional ten seconds is used as a waiting period before testing the electrical properties of the sample gas. Immediately after the sample has been tested, the vial is removed from the electrode and recapped. The tested samples were not reused in the experiment. the

在下一次样品测试之前，该传感器电极被暴露在室内空气中大约十分钟。测试这些化合物的顺序为甲苯、丙酮、正六碳烷、水、和醋酸。用这样的顺序为第二个以及后续回合的测试，直至完成全部六个回合的测试。 The sensor electrodes were exposed to room air for about ten minutes before the next sample test. The order in which these compounds were tested was toluene, acetone, n-hexane, water, and acetic acid. Use this sequence for the second and subsequent rounds of testing until all six rounds of testing are completed. the

在数据分析时，该传感器电极对每一被测试分析物的一种电学性质的改变可由以下的公式给出。其代表了该被测化合物的在该电频率下的电学性质。 During data analysis, the change of an electrical property of the sensor electrode for each tested analyte can be given by the following formula. It represents the electrical properties of the tested compound at the electrical frequency. the

电学性质的改变＝样品的电学性质-空气的电学性质    [7] Changes in electrical properties = electrical properties of the sample - electrical properties of the air [7]

收集相应的化合物在不同频率下所得到的电学性质改变的数据，并由此来构筑一原始数据的矩阵。而这些收集的频率是任意地取自于所有的被扫描过的频率。 The data on the change of electrical properties of the corresponding compounds at different frequencies are collected, and a matrix of original data is constructed accordingly. These collected frequencies are arbitrarily taken from all scanned frequencies. the

在矩阵中每两个相邻的竖栏的数据代表了在一个选出频率上的一化合物电阻的改变和电抗的改变(或可用电阻抗的改变和相位的改变)。在矩阵中的每一横行的数据代表该被测化合物经一次测试后在所有被选出频率上的相应的电学性质的改变。而所有的横行代表了在实验中所有的被重复测试的样品的电学性质数据。再由应用主成分分析法来分析在这矩阵中的数据，该分析是应用储存在一个人用计算机中的应用软件来实现的。 The data in every two adjacent columns in the matrix represents the change in resistance and change in reactance (or change in available electrical impedance and change in phase) of a compound at a selected frequency. The data in each row in the matrix represents the corresponding change in electrical properties of the test compound at all selected frequencies after one test. And all the rows represent the electrical property data of all samples tested repeatedly in the experiment. The data in this matrix is then analyzed by applying principal component analysis, which is performed using application software stored in a personal computer. the

图1显示了应用主成分分析法的结果。其是对上述五种的化合物：醋酸、丙酮、正六碳烷、甲苯、和水在任意取出的七个扫描过的频率10、20、50、100、200、300和500千周的每一频率上得到的所对应的电阻和电抗分析的结果。在应用了主成分分析法之后，众化合物的电学性质的类型是被区分了，并按照计算得到的两主成分F1和F2的正交的数轴而排列。必须指出的是在应用主成分分析法来分析在矩阵中的电抗和电阻数据前，该些数据先经过了归一化处理。 Figure 1 shows the results of applying principal component analysis. It is for the above five kinds of compounds: acetic acid, acetone, n-hexacarbon, toluene, and water at each frequency of seven scannedfrequencies 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 kcycles taken out arbitrarily The corresponding resistance and reactance analysis results obtained above. After applying PCA, the types of electrical properties of the compounds are distinguished and arranged according to the orthogonal number axes of the two calculated principal components F1 and F2. It must be noted that before applying PCA to analyze the reactance and resistance data in the matrix, the data were normalized first. the

从图1可以清楚地看到，对同一种化合物重复测试六次得到的电学性质分析的结果是集结在主成分F1和F2所决定的平面上的一特定区域，而五种不同的化合物是相间地被处置在F1和F2所决定平面上的相应的不同区域。或者说，在主成分分析法的分析之下，五种化合物体现了他们分布在第一和第二主成分决定平面上的一种类型特征。由第一和第二主成分来描述的结果显示了众化合物可以被用与他们相关的电学性质来被识别。该种电学性质包括了扫描频率区间在10千周到500千周之间的、在每一个频率上得到的包括诸如象电阻抗和其相位敏感的组成电抗和电阻。 It can be clearly seen from Figure 1 that the results of the electrical property analysis obtained by repeating the test six times for the same compound are concentrated in a specific area on the plane determined by the main components F1 and F2, while the five different compounds are interphase The ground is disposed in corresponding different areas on the planes determined by F1 and F2. In other words, under the analysis of principal component analysis, the five compounds embody a type characteristic of their distribution on the planes determined by the first and second principal components. The results described by the first and second principal components show that compounds can be identified with their associated electrical properties. The electrical properties include sweep frequency intervals between 10 kcycles and 500 kcycles, including component reactances and resistances such as electrical impedance and its phase sensitivity, obtained at each frequency. the

图2显示了第二个实验的运用了主成分分析法而得到区分众化合物的结果。其是对上述相同的化合物在被频率扫描过后，在被任意取出的频率502、550、600、651、700、750、801、850、901、949和1000千周的每一个频率上得到的对应的电阻和电抗分析的结果。第二个实验重复了在第一个实验中所述的步骤，不同的仅是每个化合物只被交替地重复测试三次。在应用主成分分析法的数据处理时，在矩阵中化合物的电阻和电抗的原始数据是经归一化处理后再被作类型区别的分析。实验结果显示了电阻抗及其相敏感组份可以被用来识别相应的化合物。这是根据五种不同化合物有特征地被分布在由第一和第二主成分所决定平面上的不同的区域的一种类型来判断的。 Fig. 2 shows the results of the second experiment using principal component analysis to distinguish crowd-sourced compounds. It is the correspondence obtained at each of the frequencies 502, 550, 600, 651, 700, 750, 801, 850, 901, 949 and 1000 thousand cycles arbitrarily taken out for the same compound above after being frequency scanned The results of the resistance and reactance analysis. The second experiment repeated the procedure described in the first experiment, except that each compound was tested in three alternate replicates. When applying principal component analysis to data processing, the raw data of resistance and reactance of compounds in the matrix are normalized and then analyzed for type distinction. The experimental results show that the electrical impedance and its phase-sensitive components can be used to identify the corresponding compounds. This is based on a type of five different compounds that are characteristically distributed in different regions on the plane determined by the first and second principal components. the

第三个实验检测了三种分析物：丙酮、甲苯、和一种酒精含量约为44％的白酒。该实验的情况同上述实验的基本相符。所不同的在于：(1)两电极长约为13毫米和电极间距约为0.5毫米。该两电极由剪切一电阻器两端的接线制作而成的。接线是镀有锡膜的铜质线材；(2)每一分析物是储藏在一小的玻璃样品瓶中，并被在实验中多次使用；(3)每一种分析物被交替重复测试5次；和(4)应用7个频率10、20、50、100、200、300、和500千周的每一频率上得到的所对应的电阻和电抗。这些频率是任意地被取自于扫描频率区间10千周到500千周中所有的被扫描过的频率。 The third experiment tested three analytes: acetone, toluene, and a liquor with an alcohol content of about 44%. The situation of this experiment is basically consistent with that of the above experiment. The difference is: (1) the length of the two electrodes is about 13 millimeters and the distance between the electrodes is about 0.5 millimeters. The two electrodes are made by cutting the wires at both ends of a resistor. The wiring is tin-coated copper wire; (2) each analyte is stored in a small glass vial and used multiple times in the experiment; (3) each analyte is tested alternately 5 times; and (4) apply the corresponding resistance and reactance to each of the 7frequencies 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 kcycles. These frequencies are arbitrarily selected from all scanned frequencies in thescanning frequency interval 10 kcycles to 500 kcycles. the

由图13所示，实验的结果显示电阻抗及其相敏感组份可以被用来区分化合物，这个判断是根据三种不同的分析物可区别地分布在由第一和第二主成分所决定的平面上的事实。另外分析物白酒是属于一种化学混合物，其含有水、以乙醇为主要成份的酒精、和其他许多易气化的有机化合物。这样在白酒液面上部的气体中也同样包含了这些混合的化合物。这个实验的结果证明了电学性质可以被用来区分属于化学混和物的分析物，因为其在F1和F2面上的分布的区域不同于属于单纯化合物丙酮和甲苯所分布的对应的区域。 As shown in Fig. 13, the experimental results show that the electrical impedance and its phase-sensitive components can be used to distinguish compounds. This judgment is based on the fact that three different analytes are discriminately distributed in the determined by the first and second principal components facts on the plane. In addition, the analyte liquor belongs to a chemical mixture, which contains water, alcohol with ethanol as the main component, and many other organic compounds that are easily vaporized. In this way, these mixed compounds are also included in the gas above the liquor level. The results of this experiment demonstrate that the electrical properties can be used to distinguish analytes belonging to chemical mixtures, since their distribution on the F1 and F2 surfaces is different from the corresponding regions belonging to the simple compounds acetone and toluene. the

必须明确的是，应用上述的频率只是为了说明本发明原理和目的的有效性。而不是企图去限制其他频率在本发明中的应用，其他频率是指与在本发明中已公开的频率而不同的频率。 It must be clearly stated that the above frequencies are used only to illustrate the effectiveness of the principles and purposes of the present invention. Without intending to limit the application of other frequencies in the present invention, other frequencies refer to frequencies other than those disclosed in the present invention. the

再可以明确的是，根据众所周知的用来确认由应用主成分分析法所得到的结果的步骤就可以建立对一个已规定的实验的一个模型。该实验涵盖了众多因素，包括诸如本公开的第一个实验的步骤，数据分析的步骤以及所包括的展示数据的步骤。然后可以建立一数据库。该数据库包括了对应于众多已知分析物的众多的原始数据和模型。 It is furthermore clear that a model for a prescribed experiment can be built according to the well-known procedure used to validate the results obtained by applying principal component analysis. The experiments covered a number of factors including steps such as the first experiment of the present disclosure, steps of data analysis and steps involved in presenting the data. A database can then be created. The database includes numerous raw data and models corresponding to many known analytes. the

一旦建立了上述的数据库，识别一未知分析物，可以通过将该未知分析物的按照模型规定而得到的主成分分析的结果与在数据库中的已知分析物的结果相比较而达到。这样的比较可以根据众所周知的步骤，其中也包括了主成分分析法特征之一的直观的图示比较在内。 Once the above-mentioned database has been established, identification of an unknown analyte can be achieved by comparing the results of the principal component analysis of the unknown analyte as specified by the model with the results of the known analytes in the database. Such comparisons can be made according to well-known procedures, which also include visual graphical comparisons, one of the features of principal component analysis. the

另外还可以明确的是为了建立模型来识别未知物，本发明并不限制于只是使用上述的主成分分析法的类型鉴别来分析在流体中分析物的电学性质和确认分析的结果。本发明可以应用任何已知的分析法，包括多变量元素分析法及其包含的类型鉴别的分析法来分类和识别在流体中的分析物。因为对这些分析法有经验的分析者们可以在比较各种分析法不同的着重点之后，来选择一分析法，其是最恰当地针对了某一特定的研究兴趣的课题。 It is also clear that the present invention is not limited to only using the above-mentioned type identification of principal component analysis to analyze the electrical properties of the analytes in the fluid and to confirm the analysis results in order to build a model to identify unknowns. The present invention may employ any known assay, including multivariate elemental assays and type discrimination assays encompassed therein, to classify and identify analytes in fluids. Because analysts experienced with these methods of analysis can compare the different emphases of various methods of analysis, they can choose an analysis method that is most appropriate for a particular topic of research interest. the

那些众所周知的其他分析法包括有：有条件地单独模拟类别的相似性分析法：SIMCA(Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy)；最邻近因子分析法：KNN(K Nearest Neighbor)；体系的群的分析法：HCA(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis)；典型判别的分析法：CDA(Canonical Discriminant Analysis)；经典最小二乘法：CLS(Classical Least Squares)；主成份回归：PCR(Principal Component Regression)；偏最小二乘法：PLS(Partial Least Squares Regression)；有指导的和无指导的认识性的中枢网络技术：Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Neural Network；和模糊中枢网络技术：Fuzzy Neural Network(皮毕：Beebe，K.R.；潘尔：Pell，R.J.；希斯霍尔兹：Seasholtz，M.B.；化学计量学：实际的指导：Chemometrics：A Practical Guide，威利出版公司：Wiley，纽约，1988年；化学计量学期刊：J.of Chemometrics，约翰威利和其后辈出版公司：John Wiley&Son，Ltd.)。 Other well-known analysis methods include: SIMCA (Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy) for conditionally simulating the class of similarity; nearest neighbor factor analysis: KNN (K Nearest Neighbor); system group analysis : HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis); typical discriminant analysis: CDA (Canonical Discriminant Analysis); classical least squares: CLS (Classical Least Squares); principal component regression: PCR (Principal Component Regression); partial least squares: PLS (Partial Least Squares Regression); supervised and unsupervised cognitive neural network technology: Supervised and Unsupervised Learning Neural Network; and fuzzy neural network technology: Fuzzy Neural Network (Pibi: Beebe, K.R.; Pan Er: Pell, R.J.; Hirsholtz: Seasholtz, M.B.; Chemometrics: A Practical Guide: Chemometrics: A Practical Guide, Wiley Publishing Company: Wiley, New York, 1988; Journal of Chemometrics: J. of Chemometrics, John Wiley Lee & Sons Publishing Company: John Wiley & Son, Ltd.). the

从上述的实验结果可知，除了应用频率扫描的检测来鉴别在流体中的分析物之外，本发明还可以应用一个频率来检测是否存在所感兴趣的分析物。例如在气相色谱的分析中，一化学混合物是作为最初的分析物。而该混合物中的众多的化合物在色谱柱中被分离，并由一气态的载体(通常是氢气或氦气或氮气)间隔地被带出色谱柱。这样本发明就能检测出每一个化合物的存在。这是缘于气态的载体和被检测的化合物在该被检测频率上有不同的如象电阻抗的交流电学性质。 From the above experimental results, it can be known that, in addition to using frequency sweep detection to identify analytes in a fluid, the present invention can also use a frequency to detect the presence or absence of an analyte of interest. For example, in gas chromatography, a chemical mixture is used as the initial analyte. Many compounds in the mixture are separated in the chromatographic column, and are taken out of the chromatographic column at intervals by a gaseous carrier (usually hydrogen or helium or nitrogen). In this way the present invention detects the presence of each compound. This is due to the fact that the gaseous carrier and the detected compound have different AC properties such as electrical impedance at the detected frequency. the

上述的化学分离过程同样也发生在液相色谱中。其由一种溶剂或者有若干种溶剂的混合物作为载体来运载作为最初的分析物的混合物中的每一化合物。这样可应用在一个频率上的检测到的上述的电学性质中的一种来证实存在那些被分离了的化合物。 The chemical separation process described above also occurs in liquid chromatography. It is carried by a solvent or a mixture of several solvents as a carrier to carry each compound in the mixture as the initial analyte. The detection of one of the aforementioned electrical properties at a frequency can thus be used to confirm the presence of those isolated compounds. the

在应用本发明单一传感器来设计一气相色谱的检测器时，一个优选的结构是，单一传感器的一个空间电极可以象是一个中空的圆柱形的轴套。该中空的圆柱形电极是安置在一中空的喷气管口的一端，该喷气管口的另一端是连接在色谱柱的尾端。而且该圆柱形的电极和喷气管是与色谱柱的尾端同轴相连接。本发明的单一传感器的另一个空间电极可以是一直的细小的线状结构。其被安置成与该圆柱形电极的旋转轴取向一致，并可以被安置在圆柱形电极之内，或在圆柱形电极之外。与现有的火焰离子化检测器(FID)，热电导率检测器(TCD)和电子捕获检测器(ECD)相比，本发明的色谱检测器有众多的优点。这些优点包括其对分析物的检测是非损坏性的，是普遍适用的，由其结构简单而带来容易制作，和低成本的特点。 When using the single sensor of the present invention to design a gas chromatographic detector, a preferred structure is that a space electrode of the single sensor can be like a hollow cylindrical sleeve. The hollow cylindrical electrode is arranged at one end of a hollow gas injection nozzle, and the other end of the gas injection nozzle is connected to the tail end of the chromatographic column. Moreover, the cylindrical electrode and gas injection pipe are coaxially connected with the tail end of the chromatographic column. The other space electrode of the single sensor of the present invention can be a thin linear structure. It is positioned to align with the axis of rotation of the cylindrical electrode, and can be positioned inside the cylindrical electrode, or outside the cylindrical electrode. Compared with the existing flame ionization detector (FID), thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and electron capture detector (ECD), the chromatographic detector of the present invention has many advantages. These advantages include that it is non-destructive to the detection of analytes, it is universally applicable, it is easy to manufacture due to its simple structure, and it is low cost. the

另外、对上述的使用在色谱中用电阻抗或电压或电流来检测化合物是否存在的检测器，可应用周期性的交流电压或电流的激励信号加在本发明的气相色谱的检测器上。该激励信号包括有单一频率的方波、三角波、和锯齿形波的非正弦形波。 In addition, for the above-mentioned detectors that use electrical impedance or voltage or current to detect the presence of compounds in chromatography, periodic AC voltage or current excitation signals can be applied to the gas chromatography detector of the present invention. The excitation signals include square waves, triangle waves, and non-sinusoidal waves with a single frequency. the

作为应用单一频率测试的另一个例子，为了矿井生产的安全，检测井内易燃气体，比如象是瓦斯之类是非常重要的。检测此类气体同样可以应用本发明的单一传感器。所加的单一频率的激励信号可以有包括方波、三角波、和锯齿波的形式来检测该气体的一种电学性质。 As another example of using a single frequency test, it is very important to detect flammable gases in the well, such as gas, for the safety of mine production. Detection of such gases can also be applied with a single sensor of the present invention. The excitation signal of a single frequency may be applied in forms including square waves, triangle waves, and sawtooth waves to detect an electrical property of the gas. the

产生单一频率的交流激励信号可以应用众所周知的振荡器，包括有阻容相移振荡器，维恩桥式振荡器：Wien-Bridge Oscillator，库尔劈次振荡器：Colpitts Oscillator，哈特雷振荡器：Hartley Oscillator和方波振荡器(阿明尼亚：Aminian，A.；凯瑟米克塞卡：Kazimierczuk，M.；电子器件，从设计开始：Electronic Devices，a design approach；彼亚逊，潘特斯屋印刷公司：Pearson，Prentice Hall，2004年)。例如在市场上有应用维恩桥式振荡器的集成块AB-112(模拟器件公司：Analog Devices，美国马萨诸塞州：Massachusetts，USA)。这样单一传感器的电阻抗可以作为该集成块的输出负载电压分压器的一部份而可被检测到。电阻抗的相敏组份也是可以得到的。另外一种体代的方法是在应用扫描频率的仪器时，设定开始和终止频率为同一频率，也能得到单一频率的激励信号。 Well-known oscillators can be used to generate a single-frequency AC excitation signal, including RC phase-shift oscillators, Wien bridge oscillators: Wien-Bridge Oscillator, Kool split oscillators: Colpitts Oscillator, Hartley oscillators : Hartley Oscillator and Square-Wave Oscillators (Aminian: Aminian, A.; Kaisermierczuk: Kazimierczuk, M.; Electronic Devices, starting with design: Electronic Devices, a design approach; Pearson, Pan Tess House Printing Company: Pearson, Prentice Hall, 2004). For example, there is an integrated block AB-112 (analog device company: Analog Devices, Massachusetts: Massachusetts, USA) using a Wien bridge oscillator on the market. Thus the electrical impedance of a single sensor can be sensed as part of the integrated block's output load voltage divider. Phase sensitive compositions of electrical impedance are also available. Another alternative method is to set the start and end frequencies to be the same frequency when using a scanning frequency instrument, and an excitation signal of a single frequency can also be obtained. the

图7A和7B公开了本发明的单一传感器，其电极可以有多种形式的组合。例如该传感器的第一电极是放置成接近一容器的器壁，或者其他的结构。该器壁或结构是由导电材料做成并与地零电位连接。这样容器的器壁或其他结构可用作为该传感器的第二电极。在检测时，被检测的在流体中的分析物可被引导而通过由第一电极和该容器器壁或其他结构的间隙。 Figures 7A and 7B disclose a single sensor of the present invention, the electrodes of which can be combined in various forms. For example the first electrode of the sensor is placed close to a wall of a container, or other structure. The wall or structure is made of conductive material and is connected to ground at zero potential. The wall or other structure of such a container may serve as the second electrode of the sensor. Upon detection, the analyte to be detected in the fluid may be directed through the gap between the first electrode and the vessel wall or other structure. the

本发明的单一传感器应用了具有频率扫描性能的周期性包括正弦波在内的电激励信号和矢量分析的方法，因而有众多的优点。其可在一次测量中就得到了记录分析物的有类型规律特征的交流电性质的两种图谱。传感器所具有的小的体积只需要小体积的传感器仓和对小传感器仓温度控制所需的低的电能消耗。这些特征使得在实际上可采用双传感器的结构，即在应用一检测传感器的同时加上应用与其结构一致的一参照传感器。应用双传感器结构，可消除背景噪声的影响，包括不同程度的湿度的影响、高分子薄膜老化效应、和因温度变化而引起的在测试中的包括传感器的电学响应在内的变化。 The single sensor of the present invention employs periodic electrical excitation signals including sine waves with frequency sweep capability and vector analysis method, thus having numerous advantages. It can obtain two kinds of spectra recording the type-regular characteristic AC properties of the analyte in one measurement. The small size of the sensor requires only a small sensor chamber and low power consumption for temperature control of the small sensor chamber. These features make it practical to adopt a double sensor structure, that is, to apply a detection sensor while adding a reference sensor consistent with its structure. The application of the dual sensor structure can eliminate the influence of background noise, including the influence of different degrees of humidity, the aging effect of polymer film, and the changes in the test including the electrical response of the sensor caused by temperature changes. the

本发明的单一传感器和方法的工作原理应用了频率扫描，包括在优选的低频率区间从10千周到1兆周的频率扫描。应用频率扫描的方法能使用小体积尺寸的单一传感器来得到分析 物的有类型规律的电学性质。这种小尺寸的传感器只需要小尺寸的传感器仓。这就决定了只需要低的电能消耗来控制传感器仓的温度，以及在仓内传感器电极之间的在流体中的分析物的温度。这样本发明的掌上携带型传感器仪器进尔可实际应用包括固定的和有梯度的温度控制程序来优化对在流体中分析物的检测和鉴别。 The principle of operation of the single sensor and method of the present invention employs frequency sweeps, including frequency sweeps in the preferred low frequency range from 10 kilocycles to 1 megacycle. The frequency-sweeping approach enables the use of a single sensor of small volume size to obtain type-regular electrical properties of the analyte. This small size sensor requires only a small sensor housing. This dictates that only low power consumption is required to control the temperature of the sensor chamber, as well as the temperature of the analyte in the fluid between the sensor electrodes within the chamber. Thus, the hand-held sensor instrument of the present invention can be practically applied including fixed and gradient temperature control programs to optimize the detection and identification of analytes in fluids. the

另外，应用周期性的包括有正弦波形的交流电激励信号，本发明就具备了应用所有种类的表面吸附和吸收材料的能力，所述的材料包括有机的、无机的、和金属的材料。结合了上述的种种优点，使得本发明传感器具有低的制造成本、紧凑的体积、灵活的携带性、和便利使用的特点。 In addition, by using a periodic alternating current excitation signal including a sinusoidal waveform, the present invention has the ability to use all kinds of surface adsorption and absorption materials, including organic, inorganic, and metallic materials. Combining the above advantages, the sensor of the present invention has the characteristics of low manufacturing cost, compact size, flexible portability, and convenient use. the

以上的公开介绍了本发明的核心技术：即单一传感器及其使用周期性的包括正弦波型在内的频率扫描的交流电激励信号和矢量分析的方法。以下公开本发明的传感器仪器系统。 The above disclosure introduces the core technology of the present invention: a single sensor and its method using periodic frequency-swept AC excitation signals including sine waves and vector analysis. The sensor instrument system of the present invention is disclosed below. the

该传感器仪器系统包括了一携带式的传感器仪器和一中央信息站，他们彼此远距离相隔。传感器仪器具有的功能包括了检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物；确定分析物的地理位置；和无线传输信息。中央信息站通过一网络连接了一当地信息接收站。该接收站包含了无线传输信息的结构，能与传感器仪器互相接收和发送信息。这样该系统就具有无线通讯分析物信息的能力和确定有关分析物地理位置的能力。在这种框架上，本发明仪器系统能提供在最大程度上的可移动地、远距离地检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。该种性能同时协同了能确定有关分析物的地理位置的性能。另外，如果应用了众多相同的携带式的传感器仪器，其分布在一区域内相应的众多的不同地区里，本发明系统可以建立对该区域内分析物的瞬时分布图。 The sensor instrument system includes a portable sensor instrument and a central information station, which are separated from each other by a long distance. Sensor instruments perform functions including detecting and identifying analytes in fluids; determining the geographic location of analytes; and wirelessly transmitting information. The central information station is connected to a local information receiving station through a network. The receiving station includes a structure for wireless transmission of information, which can receive and send information to and from sensor instruments. The system thus has the ability to wirelessly communicate analyte information and to determine the geographic location of the analyte. On this framework, the instrument system of the present invention can provide the maximum degree of mobile, remote detection and identification of analytes in fluids. This capability is simultaneously synergized with the ability to determine the geographic location of the analyte concerned. In addition, if a plurality of identical portable sensor devices are used, which are distributed in a correspondingly large number of different regions within an area, the system of the present invention can establish a temporal distribution map of the analyte in the area. the

传感器仪器的组成结合了本发明的核心技术、目前已知的包括用于无线传输数据的电子元件在内的所谓的硬件技术、和包括计算程序在内的所谓的软件技术、和应用全球定位系统后能得到地理定位信息的技术。 The composition of the sensor instrument combines the core technology of the present invention, the currently known so-called hardware technology including electronic components for wireless transmission of data, and the so-called software technology including calculation programs, and the application of global positioning system Technology that can later obtain geolocation information. the

可以感到欣惠的是含有微型计算机的分析仪器的结构很早以前就被人们所熟知了，例如可以从书名为“化学仪器：系列性地阐述”：Chemical Instrumentation”：A Systematic Approach，第三版，第五章，斯却贝尔：Strobel，H.A.；海纳盟：Heineman，W.K.；约翰威利和其后辈出版公司：John Wiley&Sons，lnc.，1989年来认知这一专题。广义地讲，分析仪器是由一为分析检测器所用的模拟电路部份，连接了包括有一模拟量到数字量转换器的连接部份。该连接部份再与一含有一内建的微型计算机的数字电路部份相连接。具体地讲，该模拟电路部份是通过转换器与微型计算机的输入和输出数字数据转移通道相连接。 It is gratifying that the structure of analytical instruments containing microcomputers has been known for a long time, for example, from the book titled "Chemical Instruments: A Serial Elaboration": Chemical Instrumentation": A Systematic Approach, 3rd Edition, Chapter 5, Schobel: Strobel, H.A.; Heineman: Heineman, W.K.; John Wiley & Sons: John Wiley & Sons, lnc., since 1989. Understanding this topic. Broadly speaking, analytical instruments It is composed of an analog circuit part used for analyzing the detector, connected with a connection part including an analog to digital converter. The connection part is then connected with a digital circuit part containing a built-in microcomputer Connection. Specifically, the analog circuit part is connected to the input and output digital data transfer channels of the microcomputer through a converter. 

有了具有内建的微型计算机的分析仪器的结构之外，设计该仪器所必要的元件包括：模拟量到数字量转换器、逻辑线路、多路传输器、滤波器、放大器、数据地址元件、包括有计算、逻辑单元和寄存器的中央微处理器、记忆元件专用的数字数据转移通道、数字量至模拟量转换器、直接存储器、电气工程师协会法规的488数值并联连接结构、数值输入和输出接口、附加的周边设备包括：象键盘或接触屏幕式的输入结构、随机存储器、只读出存储器、计算器、集成电路、二进位数据串联连接结构(RS232)、获得数字数据模块、代码、指令、数据、程序、操作系统、低级和高级语言、应用软件、和显示元件。为了简化本发明的公开，所有上述的已知元件都综合到本发明的公开之中。 In addition to the structure of the analytical instrument with a built-in microcomputer, the necessary components to design the instrument include: analog to digital converters, logic circuits, multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, data address components, Including central microprocessor with calculation, logic unit and register, digital data transfer channel dedicated to memory element, digital to analog converter, direct memory, 488 numerical parallel connection structure of Institute of Electrical Engineers regulations, numerical input and output interface , Additional peripheral devices include: input structure like keyboard or touch screen, random access memory, read-only memory, calculator, integrated circuit, binary data serial connection structure (RS232), digital data acquisition module, code, instruction, Data, programs, operating systems, low-level and high-level languages, application software, and display elements. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, all the above-mentioned known elements are combined into the disclosure of the present invention. the

图1，2和13显示了检测和鉴别在流体中分析物的结果。取得该结果是应用了单一传感器连接了诸如象艾杰伦4294电阻抗分析仪的交流电流分析装置和使用了个人用计算机后取得的。在计算机内储存了用来分析得到的电学性质数据的含有主成分分析法的应用软件。这样，如果用数字传输的串联结构或并联结构来连接仪器艾杰伦4294和个人用计算机就引成了一组合的仪器。而这种组合就体现了本发明传感器仪器的基本结构。在组合仪器中该交流电流分析仪作为组合仪器的分析检测器，被用于测量在流体中分析物的样本来获得样本电学性质的数据。该个人用计算机内配备和储存了合适的为数据传输之用的硬件和软件，包括用于连接之用的驱动软件来作为组合仪器的的数字电路部份。其被用来分析数据和鉴别分析物。 Figures 1, 2 and 13 show the results of detection and identification of analytes in fluids. This result was obtained using a single sensor connected to an AC current analyzer such as the Agilent 4294 Electrical Impedance Analyzer and using a personal computer. Application software including principal component analysis for analyzing the obtained electrical property data is stored in the computer. In this way, if the series structure or parallel structure of digital transmission is used to connect the instrument Aijielun 4294 and the personal computer, a combined instrument will be formed. And this combination has just embodied the basic structure of the sensor instrument of the present invention. In the combined instrument the AC current analyzer is used as the analytical detector of the combined instrument to measure the sample of the analyte in the fluid to obtain the data of the electrical properties of the sample. The personal computer is equipped and stored with suitable hardware and software for data transmission, including driver software for connection as the digital circuit part of the combined instrument. It is used to analyze data and identify analytes. the

另外，在纳格尔发表的文章中也有叙述的电子鼻仪器的其本结构。其组成有三个单元： 一样品存储器、一气体传感器组、和一信号处理系统。该三个单元串联连接后被用来检测有气味的气体样品。 In addition, the original structure of the electronic nose instrument is also described in the article published by Nagel. It consists of three units: a sample memory, a gas sensor group, and a signal processing system. The three units are connected in series and used to detect odorous gas samples. the

这样由图8和图9所示，本发明的传感器仪器系统16由下述部件组成：一整体化的传感器仪器18、一具有中央计算机和伺服计算机92的中央信息站90、一当地信息接收站96、和一网络130。该中心站通过连接网络与当地接收站相连接。 Shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 like this,sensor instrument system 16 of the present invention is made up of following parts: anintegrated sensor instrument 18, acentral information station 90 with central computer andservo computer 92, a localinformation receiving station 96, and anetwork 130. The central station is connected to local receiving stations via a connection network. the

整体化的传感器仪器18是由八个连接的模块所组成。其中包括一收集测试样品模块20，其包含有一样品驱动单元24、一传感器仓模块28，其外壳上贴加了一加热模块80的外部加热器82、一检测模块40、一微型计算机模块50、一传输数据模块68、一全球地理位置定位接收模块72、和一电源模块76。 Theintegrated sensor apparatus 18 is composed of eight connected modules. Including a collectiontest sample module 20, which includes asample drive unit 24, asensor chamber module 28, anexternal heater 82 of aheating module 80, adetection module 40, amicrocomputer module 50, Atransmission data module 68 , a global geographic position positioning receivingmodule 72 , and apower supply module 76 . the

微型计算机模块50包含有一内置的显示屏52和一整套按键54。其等效为一小型的个人用计算机。该模块的主要功能包括有为鉴别分析物而所作的电学性质数字化处理和给予在仪器18内的其他各个模块的工作指令。比如应用数据的预处理算法来得到象是在上述公式[5，6，7]中所讨论的相对于各分析物的在每一频率上的电学性质的改变，和并用其来建立为鉴别各分析物的后续数据分析之用的一原始数据矩阵。除了应用上述的公式，其他公佈的算法也可以用来作为信号的预处理。此外，该模块50同时具有为其他模块作数字化数据处理的功能。 Themicrocomputer module 50 includes a built-indisplay screen 52 and a set ofkeys 54 . It is equivalent to a small personal computer. The main functions of this module include the digitization of electrical properties for the identification of analytes and the work instructions given to other modules within theinstrument 18 . For example, data preprocessing algorithms are applied to obtain the change in electrical properties at each frequency with respect to each analyte as discussed in equations above [5, 6, 7], and are used to establish the basis for the identification of each analyte. A raw data matrix for subsequent data analysis of the analytes. In addition to applying the above formulas, other published algorithms can also be used as signal preprocessing. In addition, themodule 50 also has the function of digital data processing for other modules. the

模块50具有为自身操作所需的必要元件，包括一中央微处理器、记憶元件信息转移通道、包括数据、指令、和数字地址在内的记憶元件、和数字数据输入输出的通道。该模块50也包括一计算机操作系统。在优选的情况下，该系统是一视窗式的商品化的计算机操作系统。 Module 50 has the necessary elements for its own operation, including a central microprocessor, memory element information transfer channels, memory elements including data, instructions, and digital addresses, and digital data input and output channels. Themodule 50 also includes a computer operating system. Preferably, the system is a Windows-based commercial computer operating system. the

微型计算机模块50还内置了一用于检测的应用软件、一包括有主成分分析法在内的众多分析法的软件、一当需要数字以保密形式输出时用来加密的软件、和包括有用来确定地理位置的应用全球定位系统的定位地图在内的软件。因为模块50具有包括为数据和指令输入之用的按键单元54，仪器的使用者可通过操作相应的按键来键入为仪器工作的数据或指令，从而来选择所需的传感器仪器的工作功能。例如，显示该检测用的应用软件。除了用按键以外，模块的显示屏幕52本身也具有输入信息的功能。这样使用者可以通过指压在屏幕上的有关区域而输入例如指令。除此之外，模块50可显示出测量得到的数据，包括了根据扫描过的时间或者扫描过的频率来显示一瞬时得到的分析物的电学性质。模块50也具有通用的顺序接口(USB)、串联(RS-232)、和并联(IEEE488)传输接口来满足包括数据有线传输在内的需要。 Themicrocomputer module 50 also has a built-in application software for detection, a software for many analysis methods including the principal component analysis method, a software for encrypting when the number needs to be output in a confidential form, and includes a software for Software for determining geographic location using GPS positioning maps. Because themodule 50 has akey unit 54 for data and command input, the user of the instrument can key in the data or command for the instrument by operating the corresponding key, so as to select the required working function of the sensor instrument. For example, application software for the detection is displayed. In addition to using keys, thedisplay screen 52 of the module itself also has the function of inputting information. In this way the user can enter, for example, commands by finger-pressing the relevant area on the screen. In addition, themodule 50 can display the measured data, including displaying an instantaneous electrical property of the analyte according to the scanned time or the scanned frequency. Themodule 50 also has universal serial (USB), serial (RS-232), and parallel (IEEE488) transmission interfaces to meet the needs including data wired transmission. the

在一种优选的情况下，该检测用的应用软件是视窗式的，其包括了众多的程序。这些程序是用来指导分析仪器18的各工作状态，包括检测分析物、收集和储存数据、以及连接上述的其他应用软件。例如其有操作收集测试样品模块20和操作检测模块40的指令来检测在流体中的分析物并记载数据；指示定位接收模块72工作来核准地理位置数据的指令；和指示传输数据模块68来无线传输数据的指令。该软件可包括以下所公开的基本部份。 In a preferred situation, the detection application software is Windows-based, which includes numerous programs. These programs are used to guide the various working states of theanalytical instrument 18, including detecting analytes, collecting and storing data, and connecting to other application software mentioned above. For example, there are instructions to operate the collecttest sample module 20 and operate thedetection module 40 to detect the analyte in the fluid and record the data; instructions to instruct thelocation receiving module 72 to operate to validate the geographic location data; and instructions to the transmitdata module 68 to wirelessly Instructions for transferring data. The software may include the essential parts disclosed below. the

第一部份是用来登记众分析物的身份，包括分析物的类型和名称。如果一分析物是属于从患者得来的生物样品，则该样品的身份包括了加密的患者姓名、性别、族性和年龄。如果分析物不与患者有关，则登入该真实的样本类型。为了确保真实性，分析物测试的日期和时间则按仪器内置时钟的的数据而登入。 The first part is used to register the identity of the public analyte, including the type and name of the analyte. If an analyte is of a biological sample obtained from a patient, the sample identity includes encrypted patient name, sex, ethnicity, and age. If the analyte is not related to the patient, then the true sample type is entered. To ensure authenticity, the date and time of the analyte test is entered according to the data from the instrument's built-in clock. the

第二部份是用来登入为测试所使用的交流电的数值，例如包括激励信号的幅度、和施加频率的类型。频率的类型包括了应用特殊频率的单一频率类型和具有开始和终止频率的扫描频率的类型。在扫描频率的类型中，又包括了如何根据频率来采集分析物电学性质的多种选择。其中有任意采集在扫描过频率中的一些频率，或者有任意选择在扫描过频率中的一些特殊频率，或者在扫描频率区间中收集实际上被扫描过的所有数目的频率。第二部份中，还包括可选择的“是”与“否”来确定是否启动全球地理位置定位接收模块72，也包括为确定操作收集测试样品模块20中的驱动样品单元24的工作参数。 The second part is used to enter the value of the alternating current used for the test, such as the amplitude of the excitation signal, and the type of applied frequency. The frequency types include a single frequency type that applies a special frequency and a sweep frequency type with a start and end frequency. In the type of scanning frequency, there are multiple choices of how to acquire the electrical properties of the analyte according to the frequency. There are arbitrarily collected some frequencies in the scanned frequencies, or arbitrarily selected some special frequencies in the scanned frequencies, or collect actually all numbers of frequencies scanned in the scanned frequency range. In the second part, it also includes the optional "yes" and "no" to determine whether to start the global geographic locationpositioning receiving module 72, and also includes collecting the working parameters of the drivingsample unit 24 in thetest sample module 20 for determining the operation. the

第三部份是用来选择处理测试到的分析物电学性质数据的方案。即当测试完毕之后，得 到的电学性质数据是由传感器仪器来处理，还是由中央信息站来处理。这两种不同的方案决定了相应的两种实施方案来输出由传感器仪器18得到的数据。 The third part is used to select the scheme for processing the measured electrical property data of the analyte. That is, after the test is completed, whether the obtained electrical property data is processed by the sensor instrument or by the central information station. These two different schemes determine corresponding two implementations for outputting the data obtained by thesensor device 18 . the

一种实施方案是将分析结果的数据传输到一当地信息接收站。该数据包括了检测到的分析物的原始电学性质的数据、已鉴别了的分析物结果的数据、和显示分析物所处在的地理位置的数据。在这一实施方案中，如图8所示，由传感器仪器18在当地将如上所述的数据无线传输到一当地信息接收站96，然后再通过网络130传输到在远处的中央信息站90。该中央站配备了包括有储存功能的伺服计算机在内的中央计算机92。在该计算机中也储存了相同的包括有全球地理位置定位地图在内的软件。这样被鉴别的分析物和他们所对应的地理位置的结果可以被储存和显示在中央计算机92上。 One embodiment is to transmit the data of the analysis results to a local information receiving station. The data includes data on the raw electrical properties of the detected analyte, data on the results of the identified analyte, and data showing the geographic location of the analyte. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, the above-mentioned data are wirelessly transmitted to a localinformation receiving station 96 locally by thesensor instrument 18, and then transmitted to the remotecentral information station 90 through thenetwork 130 . The central station is equipped with acentral computer 92 including a servo computer with storage functions. The same software, including global geolocation maps, is also stored on the computer. The results of thus identified analytes and their corresponding geographic locations can be stored and displayed on thecentral computer 92 . the

在另一种实施方案中，根据扫描频率所得到的在流体中分析物的原始电学性质和分析物地理位置的信息数据可无线传输到中央信息站的中央计算机92。因为该计算机中储存了相同的包括全球定位地图在内的确定地理位置用的应用软件和包括有主成分分析法在内的众多分析法的应用软件，这样被接收的电学性质可以在中央信息站中得到处理。以及储存和显示被检测和鉴别出的分析物的结果，包括他们所处的地理位置。 In another embodiment, information on the raw electrical properties of the analytes in the fluid and the geographic location of the analytes in the fluid based on the scan frequency can be wirelessly transmitted to thecentral computer 92 at the central information station. Because the computer stores the same application software for determining geographic location, including global positioning maps, and application software for many analysis methods, including principal component analysis, the received electrical properties can be stored in the central information station. be processed. As well as storing and displaying the results of detected and identified analytes, including their geographic location. the

如果选择第一种实施方案，即由传感器仪器在检测地点来分析检测到的分析物的电学性质，这样在检测完毕之后，该检测工作软件会自动地显示包括有主成分分析法在内的众多分析法的应用软件来鉴别各分析物。 If you choose the first implementation, that is, the electrical properties of the detected analytes are analyzed by the sensor instrument at the detection site, so that after the detection is completed, the detection software will automatically display many methods including principal component analysis. Analytical application software to identify each analyte. the

第四部份是选择如何输送包括鉴别的分析物的结果在内的检测到的信息的方案。其包括了当相应的所选择的实施方案完成之后自动将结果输出的方案，和根据仪器使用者键入允许输出的指令后再输出的人工控制的输出方案。 The fourth part is the option of how to deliver the detected information including the results of the identified analytes. It includes the scheme of automatically outputting the results after the corresponding selected implementation scheme is completed, and the scheme of manual control outputting after the user of the instrument enters an instruction to allow the output. the

启动该检测用的应用软件是在被安置在软件最后的一标记“运行”被点击之后，这样也就同时启动了传感器仪器18而使其处在工作状态。 The application software that starts this detection is after being placed in a mark " operation " that is placed at the end of software and is clicked, and like this also just startedsensor instrument 18 simultaneously and makes it in working state. the

必须明确地是，以上公开的用于检测的应用软件的组成部份，仅包括了使该仪器工作一次的非常基本的指令和需输入的工作参数。制定一套完整的指令和工作参数，对于在这领域里具有经验的人来说是显而易见的，特别是他们在参考了本发明的公开叙述，和众多已知仪器的工作应用软件包括在气相色谱中应用的那一种软件而得到的启发之后。 It must be clear that the components of the application software for detection disclosed above only include very basic instructions and operating parameters to be input to make the instrument work once. Developing a complete set of instructions and operating parameters will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, particularly in reference to the disclosure of the present invention, and the operating applications of numerous known instruments including those in gas chromatographs. After being inspired by the software used in the the

由图9和图10所示，收集测试样品模块20是机械结构性地连接了传感器仓模块28中的中空的传感器仓30。 As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 , the testsample collection module 20 is mechanically connected to thehollow sensor chamber 30 in thesensor chamber module 28 . the

收集测试样品模块20的作用为收集然后输送在流体中的分析物的样品10。其由一处在中间位置的驱动样品单元24和同时连接在它两端的样品导入和导出部件22和26所组成。在一种优选的结构下，该样品驱动单元24是一由电能驱动的小型或微型的泵。当然它也可被机械能或者被使用者手动的能量所驱动。该样品导入和导出部件22和26可以由相应的管道所组成，或者由多通道结构中的一个，或者任何一种具有内部通道来用于控制在流体中分析物流动的结构所组成。在一种优选的结构下，样品导入和导出部件是由柔性的管子所组成。然而当样品通过收集测试样品模块的内部通道时，该导入和导出部件22和26和驱动单元24都必须具备有不强烈吸附样品包括分析物的性能。 The collecttest sample module 20 functions to collect and then deliver asample 10 of the analyte in the fluid. It consists of adriving sample unit 24 in the middle and sample introduction andexport parts 22 and 26 connected to its two ends. In a preferred configuration, thesample driving unit 24 is a small or micro pump driven by electric energy. Of course it can also be driven by mechanical energy or manually by the user. The sample inlet andoutlet components 22 and 26 may consist of corresponding conduits, or one of the multi-channel structures, or any structure with internal channels for controlling the flow of analytes in the fluid. In a preferred configuration, the sample inlet and outlet components consist of flexible tubes. However, when the sample passes through the internal channel of the module for collecting and testing samples, the introduction andexport parts 22 and 26 and the drivingunit 24 must have the performance of not strongly adsorbing the sample including the analyte. the

收集测试样品模块的导出结构26是机械结构性地连接了中空的传感器仓30的前部结构32。传感器仓30是由金属材料比如象是铜或者金属合金做成，其并与地零电位相连接来为传感器屏蔽电磁场的辐射干扰。 The lead-out structure 26 of the collection test sample module is mechanically structurally connected to thefront structure 32 of thehollow sensor cartridge 30 . Thesensor housing 30 is made of a metal material such as copper or metal alloy, and is connected to the ground zero potential to shield the sensor from electromagnetic field radiation interference. the

中空的传感器仓30有限制的厚度，由一前部结构32机械结构性连接(包括了电连接)了一中间结构34。该中间结构又机械和电连接了一尾部结构36。尾部结构再机械结构性连接了一比如象是排放管道的排放的结构38。在这种结构下，处在靠近样品导入部件22附近的一外部的在流体中的分析物的样品10在泵24的驱动下，进入到样品导入部件22，流过泵24和导出部件26而进入到传感器仓30，最后通过排放结构38而流出。 Thehollow sensor housing 30 has a limited thickness and is mechanically and structurally connected (including electrically connected) to an intermediate structure 34 by afront structure 32 . The intermediate structure is in turn mechanically and electrically connected to atail structure 36 . The tail structure is then mechanically connected to adischarge structure 38 such as a discharge pipe. Under this structure, thesample 10 of an external analyte in the fluid near thesample introduction part 22 is driven by thepump 24, enters thesample introduction part 22, flows through thepump 24 and theoutlet part 26 to It enters thesensor compartment 30 and finally exits through thedischarge structure 38 . the

如图9所示，传感器仓的前部结构32具有一等腰三角形的形状。前部结构32的尖端与导出结构26机械结构性地相连接，而前部结构32的宽大的横向尾部与扁平长方体的中间结构34的前端相连接。这样根据流体力学的原理，当样品10进入到前部结构32后，同相比于导出结构26的窄小的内纵切面，该样品10会因前部结构32的逐渐增大的横向纵切面而降低了流速。在这种情形下，加上传感器仓30的有限厚度的作用，样品10会以一层流的形式流过传感器仓30。而该仓的圆形或弧形尾部36降低了形成样品的喘流流动，也就促成了样品10在传感器仓内的层流流动。而样品的层流流动主导了样品10对仓内众多传感器电极的均匀分布。 As shown in Figure 9, thefront structure 32 of the sensor cartridge has the shape of an isosceles triangle. The tip of thefront structure 32 is mechanically connected to the lead-out structure 26 , while the broad transverse tail of thefront structure 32 is connected to the front end of the flat cuboid intermediate structure 34 . In this way, according to the principle of fluid mechanics, when thesample 10 enters thefront structure 32, compared with the narrow inner longitudinal section of the lead-out structure 26, thesample 10 will shrink due to the gradually increasing transverse longitudinal section of thefront structure 32. Reduced flow rate. In this case, coupled with the effect of the limited thickness of thesensor chamber 30, thesample 10 will flow through thesensor chamber 30 in a laminar flow. The rounded orcurved tail portion 36 of the chamber reduces the swirling flow that forms the sample, thereby promoting laminar flow of thesample 10 within the sensor chamber. The laminar flow of the sample dominates the uniform distribution of thesample 10 to the numerous sensor electrodes in the chamber. the

由图9和图10所示，传感器仓中间结构34的内部被一向上的墙33均匀分割。该墙处置的方向平行于样品10流动的方向。这样在仓内就形成了相同的第一和第二传感器次仓34a和34b。在每一个次仓内，安置着一相同的具有两电极的传感器1。该电极排列的取向与样品流动的方向一致。然而可以明确的是，具有两电极的每个传感器1可被安置成与样品流动方向成包括90度在内的任何角度。又由图8所示，图中的线条4和5代表了两个相同的传感器1被各自电连接到检测器模块40。 As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 , the interior of the intermediate structure 34 of the sensor compartment is evenly divided by anupward wall 33 . The direction of the wall treatment is parallel to the direction ofsample 10 flow. This creates identical first andsecond sensor sub-compartments 34a and 34b within the compartment. In each sub-chamber, anidentical sensor 1 with two electrodes is placed. The electrode arrangement is oriented in the direction of sample flow. However, it will be appreciated that eachsensor 1 having two electrodes may be positioned at any angle including 90 degrees to the direction of sample flow. Also shown in FIG. 8 , thelines 4 and 5 in the figure represent that twoidentical sensors 1 are electrically connected to thedetector module 40 respectively. the

如前所述、传感器的两电极可以被放置在空间而形成空间电极，或者可以被放置在陶瓷和硅质基板86和88上而形成相应的厚膜和薄膜电极。由图9和图10所示，当应用厚膜或薄膜电极时，相应的陶瓷基板86或硅质基板88是贴在传感器仓的中间结构的底板34C的内表面31上。在这种结构下，因为陶瓷、硅、和金属都是热的良导体，如果加热模块80的一外部加热器82附着在传感器仓底板34C的外表面上，而加热器82是由加热模块80的电子线路按加热程序的控制来加热的话，就可以并容易控制传感器仓模块28的温度，包括传感器仓30及仓内放置的具有多种类型电极的传感器1的温度，以及在电极间的具有在流体中分析物的样品10的温度。 As previously mentioned, the two electrodes of the sensor can be placed in space to form space electrodes, or can be placed on ceramic andsilicon substrates 86 and 88 to form corresponding thick film and thin film electrodes. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 , when thick film or thin film electrodes are used, the corresponding ceramic substrate 86 orsilicon substrate 88 is attached to theinner surface 31 of the bottom plate 34C of the intermediate structure of the sensor chamber. Under this structure, because ceramics, silicon, and metal are all good conductors of heat, if anexternal heater 82 of theheating module 80 is attached to the outer surface of the sensor compartment bottom plate 34C, and theheater 82 is controlled by theheating module 80 If the electronic circuit is heated according to the control of the heating program, the temperature of thesensor compartment module 28 can be and easily controlled, including the temperature of thesensor compartment 30 and thesensor 1 with multiple types of electrodes placed in the compartment, and the electrodes between the electrodes. The temperature of thesample 10 of the analyte in the fluid. the

再者因为传感器小的体积尺寸，从而只需要小尺寸的传感器次仓，进而决定了对传感器仓温度控制所需的低的电能消耗。 Furthermore, because of the small size of the sensor, only a small sensor sub-chamber is required, which in turn determines the low power consumption required for temperature control of the sensor chamber. the

由上所述，当金属的传感器仓30接地之后，屏蔽了当第一个传感器1被加上交流扫描频率所引起的电磁场辐射。同样的理由，由第二个传感器1所造成的电磁场辐射也可被屏蔽。这样在应用了传感器仓之后，可以防止可能的由第一和第二传感器的电磁场辐射效应所造成的交叉干扰。 From the above, when themetal sensor housing 30 is grounded, it shields the electromagnetic field radiation caused when thefirst sensor 1 is applied with an AC scanning frequency. For the same reason, the electromagnetic field radiation caused by thesecond sensor 1 can also be shielded. This prevents possible cross-interference caused by the electromagnetic field radiation effects of the first and second sensors after the use of the sensor pods. the

然而必须明确的是，通过以上含有两个可屏蔽电磁场干扰的传感器与检测模块相连接的例子，本公开叙述了本发明的一个实施结构：应用至少一个传感器来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。履行该实施结构是按照了本发明的精神和目的：发现描述在流体中分析物特征的量纲。 However, it must be clear that, through the above example of connecting two sensors that can shield electromagnetic field interference with the detection module, this disclosure describes an implementation structure of the present invention: using at least one sensor to detect and identify analytes in fluids . Fulfilling this implementation structure is in accordance with the spirit and purpose of the present invention: to find dimensions that characterize analytes in fluids. the

在这个实施结构中，如图6所示，将吸附材料8放置在至少一个传感器中的一传感器的成对电极之中。在应用该个传感器来检测流体中的分析物时，在完成吸附过程之后该充填了吸附材料的传感器会记录被吸附的一种化合物或者几种相类似化合物即化合物群的包括电阻和电抗在内的交流电学性质，作为被检测到的信息。 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, theadsorbent material 8 is placed between the paired electrodes of one of the at least one sensor. When the sensor is used to detect an analyte in a fluid, after the adsorption process is completed, the sensor filled with the adsorbent will record the absorbed resistance and reactance of a compound or several similar compounds or groups of compounds. The AC properties of , as the detected information. the

显见、在每一种分析物是一化学混合物时，从充填了吸附材料的传感器电极得到的相关的包括了电阻和电抗在内的电学性质反映了在混合物中的被吸附的那种化合物或者化合物群的特征，而被吸附的化合物(群)是代表了作为分析物的该化学混合物。可知这种得到的电学性质是不同于从不充填吸附材料的传感器上所得到的包括电阻和电抗在内的电学性质。他们代表了分析物中所有的化合物的一个整体的特征，即他们包含了不同的内涵，从不同的量纲上来描述该分析物。 Clearly, when each analyte is a chemical mixture, the associated electrical properties, including resistance and reactance, obtained from sensor electrodes filled with adsorbent materials reflect the adsorbed compound or compounds in the mixture. group, and the adsorbed compound (group) is representative of the chemical mixture as the analyte. It can be seen that the obtained electrical properties are different from the electrical properties including resistance and reactance obtained from the sensor not filled with adsorbent material. They represent an overall feature of all the compounds in the analyte, that is, they contain different connotations, and describe the analyte from different dimensions. the

在另一种情况下，如果每一种分析物都是一单纯的化合物时，与从不充填吸附材料的传感器电极中得到的电学性质相比，从充填了吸附材料的传感器电极所得到的电学性质具有高的信噪比。该种高信噪比的电学性质始终是有利于被用来检测和鉴别分析物。这样按照本发明的精神和目的：寻找分析物的特征的可被测量的量纲，本发明在需要时可以应用至少一个 传感器的结构来更好地检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物。 In another case, if each analyte is a simple compound, the electrical properties obtained from the sensor electrode filled with the adsorbent material are compared with the electrical properties obtained from the sensor electrode not filled with the adsorbent material. Properties have a high signal-to-noise ratio. The electrical properties of this high signal-to-noise ratio are always favorable for detection and identification of analytes. Like this according to the spirit and purpose of the present invention: seek the measurable dimension of the characteristic of analyte, the present invention can use the structure of at least one sensor to better detect and distinguish the analyte in fluid when needed. the

由上述而类推，本发明的另一可实施的结构是在至少一个传感器中的每个传感器的电极之间填充了不同的吸附材料。 By analogy from the above, another practicable structure of the present invention is that different adsorption materials are filled between the electrodes of each sensor in at least one sensor. the

仍然从增加用来叙述在流体中分析物的不同量纲的精神和目的出发，本发明的还有一个可实施的传感器结构是可以选择一个或多个在纳格尔文章和刘易斯的333专利中所总结的已知传感器来作为在该结构中的一个或多个传感器，然后多个或一个本发明的传感器可以充当在该结构中的其余的传感器。这是因为与本发明的传感器的核心技术相比，那些已知的传感器技术是在不同的量纲上检测分析物的可检测信息。 Still proceeding from the spirit and purpose of increasing the different dimensions used to describe the analyte in the fluid, the present invention also has an implementable sensor structure that can choose one or more of the Nagel article and Lewis' 333 patent Summarized known sensors as one or more sensors in the structure, then multiple or one sensor of the invention can act as the remaining sensors in the structure. This is because those known sensor technologies detect the detectable information of the analyte in a different dimension than the core technology of the sensor of the present invention. the

图11阐述了应用双传感器的另一种结构。其中被安置在传感器次仓34b中的一个传感器被用作为所述的检测传感器2，被安置在传感器次仓34a中的另一个传感器被用作为所述的参照传感器3。他们可以是由充填了或者不充填了吸附材料8的空间电极、或厚膜电极、或薄膜电极所组成。然而相同的吸附材料8却是被安置在传感器次仓34a的前端用来吸附在通常是化学混和物的一分析物中的、是研究兴趣的一化合物(群)。这样只有那些不是研究兴趣的化合物(群)才能通过吸附材料8之后可以继续从作为参照传感器3的两电极之间通过。 Figure 11 illustrates another configuration using dual sensors. One of the sensors installed in thesensor sub-chamber 34 b is used as thedetection sensor 2 , and the other sensor installed in the sensor sub-chamber 34 a is used as thereference sensor 3 . They can be composed of space electrodes filled or not filled withadsorption material 8, or thick-film electrodes, or thin-film electrodes. However, thesame adsorbent material 8 is positioned at the front of the sensor subchamber 34a to adsorb a compound (group) of research interest in an analyte, usually a chemical mixture. In this way, only those compounds (groups) that are not of research interest can pass through theadsorption material 8 and then continue to pass between the two electrodes as thereference sensor 3 . the

从前述中可知，在结合了检测和参照传感器2和3中得到的相应的电学性质之后，可仅得到那些包括作为生化目标物或目标物群在内的为研究所感兴趣的化合物或化合物群的相应的电学性质。这样本发明可以有效地被用来检测包括已知生化目标物或目标物群在内的已知化合物或化合物群，而检测已知化合物(群)或生化目标物(群)是为了鉴别含有已知物(群)的未知分析物。其中该方法检测已知生化目标物(群)是为医疗诊断疾病之用。 As can be seen from the foregoing, after combining the corresponding electrical properties obtained in detection andreference sensors 2 and 3, it is possible to obtain only those compounds or groups of compounds that are of interest for research including those that are included as biochemical targets or groups of targets. corresponding electrical properties. In this way, the present invention can be effectively used to detect known compounds or groups of compounds including known biochemical targets or target groups, and the detection of known compounds (groups) or biochemical targets (groups) is to identify compounds containing known An unknown analyte of a known substance (group). Wherein the method for detecting known biochemical target objects (groups) is used for medical diagnosis of diseases. the

除了在图11中所示的该种整合的双传感器结构的实施方案，也可应用如图4A所述的传感器各自单独的方案。在该方案下，检测传感器2和参照传感器3会具有各自专用的收集测试样品模块。 In addition to the embodiment of this integrated dual sensor structure shown in FIG. 11 , separate solutions for each of the sensors as described in FIG. 4A can also be applied. Under this solution, thedetection sensor 2 and thereference sensor 3 will have their own dedicated modules for collecting test samples. the

如前所述、缘于其小的尺寸、简单的结构、和低的成本，本发明的传感器在实际上可以采用可替换的、一次性使用的含有或不含有充填物的电极结构。在设计该种可替换电极时，如该电极是安置在相应的传感器次仓34a和34b中时，该传感器仓的前端结构32可以设计成可拆卸式的。这样前端结构32可以以一种插入的方式来连接(包括电连接)传感器仓的中间结构34。该可拆卸式的电极包括空间的、厚膜的、和薄膜的电极也可以以插入的方式来连接相对应的金属接插件，而接插件外面包裹有合适的电绝缘材料。这些被安置在传感器次仓34a和34b中的相应的接插件与检测模块40相连接。 As previously mentioned, due to its small size, simple structure, and low cost, the sensor of the present invention can in fact employ replaceable, single-use electrode structures with or without fillers. When designing this kind of replaceable electrode, if the electrode is placed in the correspondingsensor sub-chamber 34a and 34b, thefront structure 32 of the sensor box can be designed to be detachable. In this way, thefront end structure 32 can be connected (including electrically connected) to the intermediate structure 34 of the sensor cartridge in an inserting manner. The detachable electrodes, including space, thick film, and thin film electrodes, can also be inserted into the corresponding metal connectors, and the connectors are wrapped with suitable electrical insulating materials. These corresponding connectors disposed in the sensor sub-chambers 34 a and 34 b are connected to thedetection module 40 . the

按照这样的结构理念，对于那些在传感器领域内有经验的人来说，设计这种传感器的详细结构是显而易见的事。这样本发明可以应用可替换的、一次性使用的的传感器。这也是本发明的独特之处。 Following such a structural concept, it is obvious to those experienced in the field of sensors to design the detailed structure of such a sensor. Thus the present invention can be applied to replaceable, single-use sensors. This is also the uniqueness of the present invention. the

检测模块40的作用像是前述的交流电分析仪9。其包含有一组件，该组件的电子线路能产生具有扫描频率的交流激励信号。该信号能被加到包含有在一流体中分析物样品的单一传感器，从而获得该样品的电学性质。然后该电学性质能被检测器模块40的另一组件检测到。 The function of thedetection module 40 is like theaforementioned AC analyzer 9 . It consists of a module whose electronics are capable of generating an AC excitation signal with a sweeping frequency. This signal can be applied to a single sensor containing a sample of the analyte in a fluid, thereby obtaining the electrical properties of the sample. This electrical property can then be detected by another component of thedetector module 40 . the

该检测器模块可以按众多众所周知的电子线路结构而制作。比如应用电子集成块AD5933(模似器件公司，美国马萨诸塞州)。集成块有一内置的交流振荡器，通过一直接数字合成核心单元(DDS)和一数字量到模拟量转换器就形成一有可扫描频率的交流激励电压。当该电压加在传感器上后产生的交流信号经一模拟量到数字量转换器后连接到一离散型傅里叶转换单元。复数形式的傅里叶系列可以从模拟量到数字量转换器和直接数字合成核心单元得到。由傅里叶转换单元得到的实部分量电阻和虚部分量电抗分别储存在不同的寄存器中后可被读出。该集成块可由计算程序来控制扫描的起始频率、频率增量、和在扫描中的频率数目。 The detector module can be fabricated in a number of well known electronic circuit configurations. Such as the application of electronic integrated block AD5933 (analog device company, Massachusetts, USA). The integrated block has a built-in AC oscillator, which forms an AC excitation voltage with a scannable frequency through a direct digital synthesis core unit (DDS) and a digital-to-analog converter. When the voltage is applied to the sensor, the AC signal generated is connected to a discrete Fourier transform unit after passing through an analog-to-digital converter. The Fourier series in complex form are available from analog to digital converters and direct digital synthesis core units. The real component resistance and imaginary component reactance obtained by the Fourier transform unit are respectively stored in different registers and can be read out. The integrated block can be programmed by the computer to control the starting frequency of the sweep, the frequency increment, and the number of frequencies in the sweep. the

如按照艾杰伦4294结构的话，则具有数字化的控制器、信号源、换能器、和矢量比例检测器。其中信号源提供了施加在传感器上的具有所有扫描频率和可调幅度的交流激励信号。换能器将测量到的电阻抗转换成两种交流电信号电压。矢量比例检测器再将两种交流电信号 电压转化成数字数据。而数字化的控制器包含处理数字数据来输出样品的测试结果。 If according to the Agilent 4294 structure, it has a digital controller, signal source, transducer, and vector ratio detector. The signal source provides AC excitation signals with all scanning frequencies and adjustable amplitudes applied to the sensor. The transducer converts the measured electrical impedance into two AC signal voltages. The vector ratio detector then converts the two AC signal voltages into digital data. A digital controller, however, involves processing digital data to output sample test results. the

该检测模块40也可以从根据摸拟量的锁定原理的电子线路来设计，并经包括有摸拟量到数字量转换器在内的连接结构连接到收集数据的数字化部份(普林斯顿应用研究公司：Princeton Applied Research，美国田纳西州欧克里奇市：Oak Ridge，Tennessee，USA)。另外也可以应用数字化的相似于上述的摸拟量锁定原理，即数字化的关联作用原理(苏勒强公司：Solartron，英国哈普郡法杜拉夫市：Fardoroagh，Hampshire，UK)。 Thedetection module 40 can also be designed from an electronic circuit based on the principle of analog locking, and is connected to the digitized part (Princeton Applied Research Corporation) via a connection structure including an analog to digital converter : Princeton Applied Research, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA: Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA). In addition, a digital analog locking principle similar to the above can be applied, that is, a digital correlation principle (Solartron Company: Solartron, Fardoroagh, Hampshire, UK). the

上述的技术应用了单一的正弦波的交流电激励信号的原理。除此之外多正弦波激励信号的原理也可被应用来制作检测器模块40，并更可应用傅里叶频率转换技术(查纳-艾尔却克杰姆布和库克奇公司：Zahner-Elektrik Gmbh&CokG，德国咯罗纳克：Kronach，Germany)。 The technique described above applies the principle of a single sine wave AC excitation signal. In addition, the principle of multiple sine wave excitation signals can also be applied to make thedetector module 40, and the Fourier frequency conversion technology can be applied (Zahner-Air Chak Jambu and Kukchi Company: Zahner - Elektrik Gmbh & CokG, Kronach, Germany). the

这样可以确定该检测模块40的结构。其包含的为检测的部份可以由以上所述的检测原理中的一个所构成，其与合适的连接结构比如像是模拟量到数字量转换器相连接后，再连接了一含有主要中央微处理器的收集数字数据的数字化单元。在传感器仪器18的结构里，检测模块连接了传感器1和微型计算机模块50。含有上述结构的检测模块40的优点在于快速的数据分析。这是因为该检测模块40附加地承担了为鉴别分析物而必需的处理包括分析检测到的信息的任务。而这种信息处理恰是微型计算机模块50所承受的任务之一。 In this way, the structure of thedetection module 40 can be determined. The detection part can be composed of one of the above-mentioned detection principles, which is connected with a suitable connection structure such as an analog to digital converter, and then connected to a main central micro The digitizing unit of the processor that collects digital data. In the structure of thesensor instrument 18 , the detection module connects thesensor 1 and themicrocomputer module 50 . The advantage of thedetection module 40 having the above structure lies in the fast data analysis. This is because thedetection module 40 additionally takes over the processing necessary for the identification of the analyte, including the analysis of the detected information. And this information processing is just one of the tasks undertaken by themicrocomputer module 50 . the

在这种实施结构之下，微型计算机模块50中的中央微处理器可以主要用来指令在仪器中的其他模块的工作。这样该传感器仪器可以取得快速数据分析在内的良好功能。 Under this implementation structure, the central microprocessor in themicrocomputer module 50 can be mainly used to instruct the work of other modules in the instrument. In this way, the sensor instrument can achieve good functions including fast data analysis. the

作为另一种选择，在利用微型计算机模块50的收集数字数据功能之后，检测模块40可以只包括按照上述的众多检测原理之一的用作为检测的模拟电子线路，然后与包括模拟量到数字量转换器在内的连接器相连接。 As another option, after utilizing the function of collecting digital data of themicrocomputer module 50, thedetection module 40 may only include an analog electronic circuit used as a detection according to one of the above-mentioned numerous detection principles, and then communicate with the analog electronic circuit including the analog quantity to the digital quantity. The connector including the converter is connected. the

另外如前所述，如果只应用一种频率来检测的话，对于检测模块来说，使用周期性的激励信号已是足以胜任的了。该信号包括了方波、三角波、和锯齿波的波型。 In addition, as mentioned above, if only one frequency is used for detection, it is sufficient for the detection module to use a periodic excitation signal. The signal includes square wave, triangle wave, and sawtooth wave. the

如图8所示，传输数据模块68包含有一天线或等效天线结构70去连接一接收和发送器。该接发器再与一含有小型中央微处理器的数字化单元相连接。传输数据模块68与微型计算机模块50相连结，这样模块68可以通过天线结构70传输加载在一高频率电磁波上的被编码的分析物的信息和其所在地理位置信息的数字数据。应用这种结构，可以取得双向的信息通讯。 As shown in FIG. 8, the transmitdata module 68 includes an antenna or equivalent antenna structure 70 to connect a receiver and transmitter. The transceiver is then connected to a digital unit containing a small central microprocessor. Thetransmission data module 68 is connected with themicrocomputer module 50, so that themodule 68 can transmit the digital data of the coded analyte information and its geographic location information loaded on a high-frequency electromagnetic wave through the antenna structure 70. With this structure, two-way information communication can be achieved. the

这样安置在一当地地区102的可移动的传感器仪器18，不但能发送数据而且能接收在远距离位置94的中央信息站90发出的指令。这种通讯形式是在当地信息接收站96的协同之下完成的。仪器18和当地接收站96的通讯是利用了一通讯的媒介120，即是由传输数据模块68(或者该当地接收站96)传输的高频率电磁波信号所产生的电磁场。这样相应的当地接收站96(或者传输数据模块68)就可以接收到发出的信号。另外，该当地接收站96是与连接了中央信息站90的网络结构130相连接。而当地信息接收站96是处置在与仪器18所处置的同一地区102。 Suchmobile sensor devices 18 located in alocal area 102 can not only transmit data but also receive commands from acentral information station 90 at aremote location 94 . This form of communication is accomplished in cooperation with the localinformation receiving station 96 . The communication between theinstrument 18 and the local receivingstation 96 utilizes acommunication medium 120, which is the electromagnetic field generated by the high-frequency electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the data transmission module 68 (or the local receiving station 96). The transmitted signal is then received by the corresponding local receiving station 96 (or transmit data module 68). In addition, the local receivingstation 96 is connected to thenetwork structure 130 to which thecentral information station 90 is connected. The localinformation receiving station 96 is disposed in thesame area 102 as theinstrument 18 is disposed. the

由图8所示，全球地理位置定位接收模块72包含有一天线或天线结构74。其天线连接了一主要的全球地理位置定位接收器和包含有一中央微处理器和一附加的时钟在内的其他必要的数字化电子线路。而该电子线路与微型计算机模块50相连接。该模块74通过与含有众多卫星的全球地理位置定位系统110相作用而接收到有关于在一流体中分析物的地理位置112(即传感器仪器18的位置)。因为用来确定地理位置的应用全球定位系统的定位地图在内的应用软件也储存在微型计算机模块中，这样被检测到的仪器所在地的位置112可以被显示在仪器屏幕52上。或者该位置112的数据可以由传输数据模块68传输到中央站的中央计算机92中，再被显示在该计算机的显示屏上。 As shown in FIG. 8 , theGPS receiving module 72 includes an antenna orantenna structure 74 . Its antenna is connected to a main global geolocation receiver and other necessary digital electronics including a central microprocessor and an additional clock. And the electronic circuit is connected with themicrocomputer module 50 . Themodule 74 receives information about the geographic location 112 (ie, the location of the sensor instrument 18) of an analyte in a fluid by interacting with aglobal geolocation system 110 comprising a plurality of satellites. Because the application software including the positioning map using the GPS used to determine the geographical position is also stored in the microcomputer module, the detectedposition 112 of the instrument location can be displayed on theinstrument screen 52 . Or the data of theposition 112 can be transmitted to thecentral computer 92 of the central station by thetransmission data module 68, and then displayed on the display screen of the computer. the

加热模块80包括有外部加热器82和包括数字电路部分在内的电子线路。所以加热模块可以由这些存在的商品化的元件来制作。在仪器的连接中，加热模块中的数字电路部份连接了微型计算机模块。 Theheating module 80 includes anexternal heater 82 and electronic circuits including digital circuit parts. So heating modules can be made from these existing commercial elements. In the connection of the instrument, the digital circuit part in the heating module is connected with the microcomputer module. the

电源模块76由一开关78、对仪器18中各模块提供电能的可重复充电的直流电池、用于 对市交流电79整流而输出直流电的电子线路、和其他的电子线路所组成。其他的电子线路的作用是在计算机模块50的指令下，来控制用于包括加热模块80和收集测试样品模块20在内的其他模块的直流电压。例如，其可控制由电力驱动的泵24和加热器82的工作。电源开关78控制了传感器仪器的“有电源供给”和“无电源供给”的状态。一旦仪器处在“有电源供给”的状态之后，微型计算机模块50就主导了对电加热器82和泵24的节能型的电源供给。这对于用电池电能驱动的传感器仪器的电能消耗来说是十分重要的。 Thepower supply module 76 is made up of aswitch 78, a rechargeable DC battery that provides electrical energy to each module in theinstrument 18, an electronic circuit that is used to rectify the city's alternating current 79 and output direct current, and other electronic circuits. The role of other electronic circuits is to control the DC voltage for other modules including theheating module 80 and the collectiontest sample module 20 under the command of thecomputer module 50 . For example, it may control the operation of thepump 24 and theheater 82 which are powered by electricity. Thepower switch 78 controls the "power supplied" and "no power supplied" states of the sensor instrument. Once the instrument is in the "powered on" state, themicrocomputer module 50 directs the energy-efficient power supply to theelectric heater 82 andpump 24 . This is very important for the power consumption of sensor instruments powered by battery power. the

必须明确的是，在以上的公开中，用于各模块连接微型计算机模块的各合适的连接结构是十分重要的，其保证了各模块的正常工作。 It must be clear that, in the above disclosure, it is very important for each appropriate connection structure for each module to connect to the microcomputer module, which ensures the normal operation of each module. the

如上所述，金属的传感器仓30可以屏蔽电磁场来防止其对有至少一个传感器的传感器仪器功效的干扰。除此之外，还可以应用附加的电子线路结构来消除电磁场的影响。由图8所示，比如可应用一电子开关56介于在至少一个传感器1和检测模块40之间的连接，而电子开关56的工作状态是由计算机模块50所控制。这样在微型计算机模块50的指令下，从检测模块40产生的具有扫描频率的交流激励信号可以有序地和周期性地加到至少一个传感器的每个传感器上，从而形成了在一时刻只有一个传感器被激励而工作。在这种状况下，就可以彻底消除电磁场的交叉干扰。这样的线路结构在实际上是可行的。这是因为电频率扫描的速度很快，所以在一检测的时间里可以完成对至少一个传感器中的每个传感器所规定的频率扫描。 As mentioned above, themetallic sensor housing 30 can shield electromagnetic fields from interfering with the functioning of a sensor instrument having at least one sensor. In addition, additional electronic circuit structures can be used to eliminate the influence of electromagnetic fields. As shown in FIG. 8 , for example, anelectronic switch 56 can be used to connect between at least onesensor 1 and thedetection module 40 , and the working state of theelectronic switch 56 is controlled by thecomputer module 50 . In this way, under the instruction of themicrocomputer module 50, the AC excitation signal with a scanning frequency generated from thedetection module 40 can be sequentially and periodically added to each sensor of at least one sensor, thereby forming only one sensor at a time. The sensor is activated to work. In this case, the cross-interference of electromagnetic fields can be completely eliminated. Such a line structure is actually feasible. This is because the electric frequency scanning speed is very fast, so the specified frequency scanning for each sensor in the at least one sensor can be completed within a detection time. the

由图8所示，当地信息接收站96包括有一天线或天线结构100来连接了一发送和接收器98，该接发器98再与一具有中央微处理器的数字化模块相连接。这样被接收站96接收到的加码的载有分析物和其地理位置的数字式信息的高频讯号可以被解码成数字数据。这是因为当地接收站96和仪器的数据传输模块68遵循同样的传输信息的技术规定。这样该数字数据可以传输到中央站90的中央计算机92。在这种数据由网络130的传送中，一种优选的实施方案是，当网络是英特网的形式时，该数字化信息可以以一文件或者电子邮件的形式通过英特网的服务包括文件互享或者电子邮件邮递而被传递。 As shown in FIG. 8, the localinformation receiving station 96 includes an antenna orantenna structure 100 for connection to a transmitter andreceiver 98 which in turn is connected to a digital module having a central microprocessor. Thus the encoded high-frequency signal carrying digital information about the analyte and its geographic location received by the receivingstation 96 can be decoded into digital data. This is because the local receivingstation 96 and the instrument'sdata transmission module 68 follow the same specifications for transmitting information. The digital data can thus be transmitted to thecentral computer 92 at thecentral station 90 . In the transmission of such data by thenetwork 130, a preferred embodiment is that when the network is in the form of the Internet, the digitized information can be in the form of a file or e-mail through Internet services including file exchange. Shared or emailed to be delivered. the

此外，图12显示了本发明的另一实施方案，其有众多相同的当地信息接收站96a、96b、…、96n。各接收站配备有相应的天线或天线结构100a、100b、…、100n。他们被安置在一具有众多的当地地区142a、142b、…、142n的一地域140。这些众多的当地接收站与网络130相连接。在该实施方案中，一包含有天线或天线结构70a和全球地理位置定位接收器天线或天线结构74a的传感器仪器18a是可移动地被安置在一当地地区142a。这样该仪器18a可以与接收站96a无线通讯。因为该本地接收站96a是处置在与该仪器18a所处置的相同的当地地区142a，而该地区是同属于一当地无线通讯的媒介120a。 In addition, FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which has a plurality of identical local information receiving stations 96a, 96b, . . . , 96n. Each receiving station is equipped with a corresponding antenna orantenna structure 100a, 100b, . . . , 100n. They are located in anarea 140 having a plurality oflocal areas 142a, 142b, . . . , 142n. These numerous local receiving stations are connected to thenetwork 130 . In this embodiment, asensor instrument 18a including an antenna orantenna structure 70a and a global geolocation receiver antenna orantenna structure 74a is removably positioned in alocal area 142a. Theinstrument 18a can thus communicate wirelessly with the receiving station 96a. Because the local receiving station 96a is disposed in the samelocal area 142a as that of theinstrument 18a, and this area belongs to the same localwireless communication medium 120a. the

此外该仪器18a也可与全球卫星定位系统结构110相联系而检测到仪器的地理位置112a。这是因为定位系统结构110覆盖了整个地域140。在这样的结构下，该地理位置112a和检测到的电学性质可以传输到该本地接收站96a后，继续传输到中央站90。按照这一逻辑，该仪器18a可以被安置在该地域的任何一当地地区142a、142b、…、142n来与中央站相连接。 In addition, theinstrument 18a can also be associated with the globalpositioning system structure 110 to detect thegeographic location 112a of the instrument. This is because thepositioning system structure 110 covers theentire territory 140 . Under such a structure, thegeographic location 112a and the detected electrical properties can be transmitted to thecentral station 90 after being transmitted to the local receiving station 96a. Following this logic, theinstrument 18a could be located in anylocal area 142a, 142b, . . . , 142n of the territory to interface with the central station. the

图12又显示了另一系统的实施方案。众多的相同的、含有无线通讯天线或天线结构70a、70b、…，70n和全球地理位置定位接收器的的天线和天线结构74a、74b、…、74n的仪器18a、18b、…、18n被移动地安置在该地域140中的众多的当地地区142a、142b、…、142n可以有序地与中央站90通讯。 Figure 12 shows yet another embodiment of the system. A plurality ofidentical instruments 18a, 18b, ..., 18n containing wireless communication antennas orantenna structures 70a, 70b, ..., 70n and antennas andantenna structures 74a, 74b, ..., 74n for global geolocation receivers are moved Numerouslocal regions 142a, 142b, . the

而这种通讯是通过相应的当地无线通讯的媒介(电磁场)120a、120b、…、120n来与相应的本地接收站96a、96b、…、96n连系。再由图12所示，众多仪器的相应的地理位置112a、112b、…、112n可以被检测出来。这样包括位置112a、112b、…、112n在内的相应的在各地区检测到的分析物的电学性质可以被中央站90接收。因而可以构筑瞬时的、在该地域的分析物的分布图。 And this communication is through the corresponding local wireless communication medium (electromagnetic field) 120a, 120b, . . . As shown in Fig. 12, the correspondinggeographic locations 112a, 112b, . . . , 112n of many instruments can be detected. In this way, the corresponding electrical properties of the analytes detected in each region including thelocations 112a, 112b, . . . , 112n can be received by thecentral station 90 . An instantaneous map of the distribution of the analyte in the area can thus be constructed. the

必须明确的是，以上叙述的无线数据传播不受到在一个星球上的区域的限制。事实上， 此类传播可以在星际之间发生。只要是传播媒介即电磁场120(120a、120b、…、120n)能涉及两个星球之间的空间，比如在地球和火星之间的空间。这样假如该传感器仪器18是以一种机器人的方式而被安置在火星上的话，就可以按照上述的两种数据传输的实施方案来检测和鉴别火星大气层中的气态分析物。在这实施方案中，连接本地接收站96(96a、96b、…、96n)的中央站90是安置在地球上。 It must be clear that the wireless data transmission described above is not limited to the area on a planet. In fact, such propagation can occur between stars. The electromagnetic field 120 (120a, 120b, . . . , 120n) can involve the space between two planets, such as the space between the earth and Mars, as long as it is a propagation medium. In this way, if thesensor instrument 18 is placed on Mars in a robotic manner, it can detect and identify gaseous analytes in the Martian atmosphere according to the above two data transmission embodiments. In this embodiment, thecentral station 90 connected to the local receiving stations 96 (96a, 96b, ..., 96n) is located on the earth. the

当然虽有以上的公开，但本发明无意被任何特殊形式或安排或任何特殊的具体化或任何特殊的应用所限制。因为在不偏离以上叙述的本发明的精神和目的下，他们可以被改换成多种特制的形式和关系。而以上叙述的装置和方法，仅是为了叙述和公开一种或若干种可操作的具体化并没有展示本发明可以展示和操作的所有的众多形式的改变。 Of course, notwithstanding the above disclosure, the invention is not intended to be limited to any particular form or arrangement or to any particular embodiment or to any particular application. Because they can be changed into various special forms and relationships without departing from the spirit and purpose of the invention described above. The devices and methods described above are only for the purpose of describing and disclosing one or several operable embodiments and do not show all the numerous forms of changes that the present invention can demonstrate and operate. the

Claims (70)

Translated fromChinese

1.一用于检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物的传感器仪器系统，其特征是：有一传感器仪器，其特征在于：1. A sensor instrument system for detecting and identifying an analyte in a fluid, characterized in that: a sensor instrument, characterized in that:a)有一个被用作为检测传感器的传感器，该检测传感器有被一空气空间所隔离的两个电极，在该检测传感器中有在一种流体中的一个分析物的样品，该检测传感器提供其包括有该样品时的可测量的信息；和a) There is a sensor used as a detection sensor having two electrodes separated by an air space, in which there is a sample of an analyte in a fluid, the detection sensor provides its Include measurable information at the time the sample was available; andb)一检测模块具有众多频率的交流电激励信号，该检测模块电学连接并施加该激励信号于该检测传感器之后来测量所述的可测量的信息，该信息是对应于施加的该交流电激励信号的众多的交流电学性质，该电学性质的特征还包括在每一个施加的频率上检测到两个电学性质，应用在该施加的众多频率中的一些频率而检测到的对应的交流电学性质来鉴别该分析物。b) A detection module has alternating current excitation signals of multiple frequencies, the detection module is electrically connected and applies the excitation signals behind the detection sensor to measure the measurable information, which corresponds to the applied alternating current excitation signals Numerous AC electrical properties, characterized by the detection of two electrical properties at each applied frequency, the corresponding AC electrical properties detected at some of the applied frequencies are used to identify the Analyte.2.一用于检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物的传感器仪器系统，其特征是：有一传感器仪器，其特征在于：2. A sensor instrument system for detecting and identifying analytes in a fluid, characterized in that: a sensor instrument, characterized in that:a)有一个具有双传感器结构的传感器，其有一检测传感器和一具有同该检测传感器相同电极结构的参照传感器，该检测传感器有被一空气空间所隔离的两个电极，在该检测传感器中有在一种流体中的一个分析物的样品，该检测传感器提供其包括有该样品时的可测量的信息，该参照传感器有被一空气空间所隔离的两个电极，在该参照传感器中有一种同该检测传感器中的流体相同的流体，该参照传感器提供其包括有该流体时的可测量的信息；和a) There is a sensor with a dual sensor structure, which has a test sensor and a reference sensor with the same electrode structure as the test sensor, the test sensor has two electrodes separated by an air space, in the test sensor there is A sample of an analyte in a fluid, the detection sensor provides measurable information when it includes the sample, the reference sensor has two electrodes separated by an air space, in the reference sensor there is a the same fluid as the fluid in the test sensor with which the reference sensor provides measurable information; andb)一检测模块具有众多频率的交流电激励信号，该检测模块与该检测传感器电学连接并施加该激励信号之后来测量所述的可测量的信息，该信息是对应于施加的该交流电激励信号的众多的交流电学性质，该电学性质的特征还包括在每一个施加的频率上检测到两个电学性质，该检测模块与该参照传感器电学连接并施加该激励信号之后来测量所述的可测量的信息，该信息是对应于施加的该交流电激励信号的众多的交流电学性质，该电学性质的特征还包括在每一个施加的频率上检测到两个电学性质，结合在该检测传感器上和在该参照传感器上得到的众多的交流电学性质而得到众多的结合的交流电学性质，应用在该施加的众多频率中的一些频率而得到的对应的结合的交流电学性质来鉴别该分析物。b) A detection module has alternating current excitation signals of many frequencies, and the detection module is electrically connected to the detection sensor and measures the measurable information after applying the excitation signal, which corresponds to the applied alternating current excitation signal Numerous alternating current electrical properties, the electrical properties are also characterized by two electrical properties detected at each applied frequency, the detection module is electrically connected to the reference sensor and measures the measurable after applying the excitation signal information, the information is a plurality of alternating current electrical properties corresponding to the applied alternating current excitation signal, the electrical properties are also characterized by the detection of two electrical properties at each applied frequency, combined on the detection sensor and at the A plurality of bound AC properties are obtained with reference to a plurality of AC properties obtained on the sensor, and corresponding bound AC properties obtained at ones of the plurality of applied frequencies are used to identify the analyte.3.一用于检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物的传感器仪器系统，其特征是：有一处在当地的传感器仪器和一处在远端的中央信息站；该传感器仪器的特征在于：3. A sensor instrument system for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids, characterized in that: there is a local sensor instrument and a remote central information station; the sensor instrument is characterized in that:a)有一个被用作为检测传感器的传感器，该检测传感器有被一空气空间所隔离的两个电极，在该检测传感器中有在一种流体中的一个分析物的样品，该检测传感器提供其包括有该样品时的可测量的信息；a) There is a sensor used as a detection sensor having two electrodes separated by an air space, in which there is a sample of an analyte in a fluid, the detection sensor provides its Include measurable information when the sample is available;b)一检测模块具有众多频率的交流电激励信号，该检测模块电学连接并施加该激励信号于该检测传感器之后来测量所述的可测量的信息，该信息是对应于施加的该交流电激励信号的众多的交流电学性质，该电学性质的特征还包括在每一个施加的频率上检测到两个电学性质，应用在该施加的众多频率中的一些频率而检测到的对应的交流电学性质来鉴别该分析物；b) A detection module has alternating current excitation signals of multiple frequencies, the detection module is electrically connected and applies the excitation signals behind the detection sensor to measure the measurable information, which corresponds to the applied alternating current excitation signals Numerous AC electrical properties, characterized by the detection of two electrical properties at each applied frequency, the corresponding AC electrical properties detected at some of the applied frequencies are used to identify the Analyte;c)一全球地理位置定位接收模块，其被用来取得该传感器仪器或者该分析物所在的地理位置的信息；和c) a global geographic location receiving module, which is used to obtain information about the geographic location of the sensor instrument or the analyte; andd)一传输数据模块，其与该全球地理位置定位接收模块和该检测模块电学联系之后被用来无线传输包括测量到的可测量的信息和鉴别到的该分析物的信息，和取得的地理位置的信息。 d) A transmission data module, which is used to wirelessly transmit information including the measured measurable information and the identified analyte after being electrically connected with the global geographic location receiving module and the detection module, and the obtained geographical location location information. the4.一用于检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物的传感器仪器系统，其特征是：有一处在当地的传感器仪器和一处在远端的中央信息站；该传感器仪器的特征在于：4. A sensor instrument system for detecting and identifying analytes in fluids, characterized in that: there is a local sensor instrument and a remote central information station; the sensor instrument is characterized in that:a)有一个具有双传感器结构的传感器，其有一检测传感器和一具有同该检测传感器相同电极结构的参照传感器，该检测传感器有被一空气空间所隔离的两个电极，在该检测传感器中有在一种流体中的一个分析物的样品，该检测传感器提供其包括有该样品时的可测量的信息，该参照传感器有被一空气空间所隔离的两个电极，在该参照传感器中有一种同该检测传感器中的流体相同的流体，该参照传感器提供其包括有该流体时的可测量的信息；和a) There is a sensor with a dual sensor structure, which has a test sensor and a reference sensor with the same electrode structure as the test sensor, the test sensor has two electrodes separated by an air space, in the test sensor there is A sample of an analyte in a fluid, the detection sensor provides measurable information when it includes the sample, the reference sensor has two electrodes separated by an air space, in the reference sensor there is a the same fluid as the fluid in the test sensor with which the reference sensor provides measurable information; andb)一检测模块具有众多频率的交流电激励信号，该检测模块与该检测传感器电学连接并施加该激励信号之后来测量所述的可测量的信息，该信息是对应于施加的该交流电激励信号的众多的交流电学性质，该电学性质的特征还包括在每一个施加的频率上检测到两个电学性质，该检测模块与该参照传感器电学连接并施加该激励信号之后来测量所述的可测量的信息，该信息是对应于施加的该交流电激励信号的众多的交流电学性质，该电学性质的特征还包括在每一个施加的频率上检测到两个电学性质，结合在该检测传感器上和在该参照传感器上得到的众多的交流电学性质而得到众多的结合的交流电学性质，应用在该施加的众多频率中的一些频率而得到的对应的结合的交流电学性质来鉴别该分析物；b) A detection module has alternating current excitation signals of many frequencies, and the detection module is electrically connected to the detection sensor and measures the measurable information after applying the excitation signal, which corresponds to the applied alternating current excitation signal Numerous alternating current electrical properties, the electrical properties are also characterized by two electrical properties detected at each applied frequency, the detection module is electrically connected to the reference sensor and measures the measurable after applying the excitation signal information, the information is a plurality of alternating current electrical properties corresponding to the applied alternating current excitation signal, the electrical properties are also characterized by the detection of two electrical properties at each applied frequency, combined on the detection sensor and at the a plurality of combined alternating current properties obtained by reference to a plurality of alternating current properties obtained on the sensor, using corresponding bound alternating current properties obtained at some of the applied frequencies to identify the analyte;c)一全球地理位置定位接收模块，其被用来取得该传感器仪器或者该分析物所在的地理位置的信息；和c) a global geographic location receiving module, which is used to obtain information about the geographic location of the sensor instrument or the analyte; andd)一传输数据模块，其与该全球地理位置定位接收模块和该检测模块电学联系之后被用来无线传输包括测量到的该检测传感器的可测量的信息，测量到的该参照传感器的可测量的信息，鉴别到的该分析物的信息，和取得的地理位置的信息。d) A transmission data module, which is electrically connected with the global geographic location receiving module and the detection module and then used to wirelessly transmit the measurable information including the measured detection sensor, the measured measurable information of the reference sensor information, information on the analyte identified, and information on the geographic location obtained.5.根据权利要求2或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：在所述的参照传感器的该两个电极前是充填了用来吸附或者吸收该分析物的材料。5. The sensor instrument system according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: the front of the two electrodes of the reference sensor is filled with a material for adsorbing or absorbing the analyte.6.根据权利要求1、2、3、或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的两个电极是一对空间电极，或者是被放置在陶瓷基板上或硅基质上而形成的相应的厚膜电极或者薄膜电极。6. The sensor instrument system according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that: the two electrodes are a pair of space electrodes, or are formed by being placed on a ceramic substrate or a silicon substrate The corresponding thick film electrode or thin film electrode.7.根据权利要求6所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该厚膜电极的陶瓷基板表面或者薄膜电极的硅基质表面是去极性的。7. The sensor instrument system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the surface of the ceramic substrate of the thick-film electrode or the surface of the silicon substrate of the thin-film electrode is depolarized.8.根据权利要求7所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该去极性是应用了化学物品包含有双甲基双氯化硅烷、或者是[二甲基(三甲基甲硅烷基氨基)甲硅烷基]甲烷、或者是三甲基氯化硅烷、或者是由上述的化学试剂组合而成、或者是十八环双甲基氯化硅烷。8. The sensor instrument system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the depolarization is the application of chemicals containing dimethyl dichlorosilane, or [dimethyl (trimethylsilylamino ) silyl] methane, or trimethylchlorosilane, or a combination of the above chemical reagents, or octadecylcyclobismethylchlorosilane.9.根据权利要求6所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的在流体中的一个分析物包括是一化合物或者是一化学混合物。9. The sensor instrument system according to claim 6, wherein said analyte in the fluid comprises a compound or a chemical mixture.10.根据权利要求9所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的分析物还包含有已知化合物或者已知化合物群。10. The sensor instrument system according to claim 9, characterized in that: said analytes also include known compounds or known compound groups.11.根据权利要求9所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的分析物是气态的，所述的分析物包括是不具有气味的，或者是具有气味的。11. The sensor instrument system according to claim 9, characterized in that: the analyte is gaseous, and the analyte includes no odor or odor.12.根据权利要求9所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的分析物是含有违禁物的，或者是与环境保护有关的，或者是与医护包括医疗诊断有关的，或者是与科学研究包括太空研究兴趣有关的，或者是与日常生活有关的，或者是为安全所考量的，或者是与各工业的兴趣有关的：包括食品工业、饮料工业、农业工业、化学工业、石油工业、塑料工业、建筑工业、医药工业、汽车工业、生化工业、和运输工业。12. The sensor instrument system according to claim 9, characterized in that: the analytes contain prohibited substances, or are related to environmental protection, or are related to medical care including medical diagnosis, or are related to scientific Research includes research interests related to space, or related to daily life, or for safety considerations, or related to the interests of various industries: including food industry, beverage industry, agricultural industry, chemical industry, petroleum industry, Plastics industry, construction industry, pharmaceutical industry, automobile industry, biochemical industry, and transportation industry.13.根据权利要求12所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的与医护包括医疗诊断有关的分析物还包含有与器官疾病有关的生化目标物或者生化目标物群。 13. The sensor instrument system according to claim 12, wherein the analytes related to medical care including medical diagnosis also include biochemical targets or groups of biochemical targets related to organ diseases. the14.根据权利要求13所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的生化目标物或者生化目标物群包括存在在生物体的尿液或者粪便或者血清或者血液或者唾液或者体味或者口腔气体的样品中。14. The sensor instrument system according to claim 13, characterized in that: the biochemical target or biochemical target group includes urine or feces or serum or blood or saliva or body odor or oral gas present in the organism in the sample.15.根据权利要求14所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的口腔气体样品中包含有麻醉剂。15. The sensor instrument system according to claim 14, wherein said oral gas sample contains an anesthetic.16.根据权利要求14所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的体味样品包括从人体的脚部或者腋下或者大腿根部收集到的样品。16. The sensor instrument system according to claim 14, characterized in that: said body odor samples include samples collected from human feet, underarms or thighs.17.根据权利要求9所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的分析物是受到固定的和可变的温度控制的。17. The sensor instrument system according to claim 9, wherein said analyte is controlled by fixed and variable temperature.18.根据权利要求9所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的在流体中的分析物的样品以一层流的形式流过该检测传感器。18. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 9, wherein the sample of the analyte in the fluid flows through the detection sensor in a laminar flow.19.根据权利要求9所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的样品含有身份信息。19. The sensor instrument system according to claim 9, wherein said sample contains identity information.20.根据权利要求1、2、3、或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的交流电激励信号有单一正弦波的多频率的交流电激励信号或者有多正弦波的多频率的交流电激励信号。20. The sensor instrument system according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that: the alternating current excitation signal has a single sine wave multi-frequency alternating current excitation signal or a multi-sine wave multi-frequency Alternating current excitation signal.21.根据权利要求6所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器是一次性使用的。21. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 6, wherein said sensor is disposable.22.根据权利要求6所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器是受到包括固定的和可变的温度控制的。22. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 6, wherein said sensor is temperature controlled including fixed and variable.23.根据权利要求6所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器仪器有至少二个检测传感器，该至少二个检测传感器中的每个检测传感器是被电磁屏蔽的、又被有序地、分别地施加了有众多频率的交流电激励信号。23. The sensor instrument system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the sensor instrument has at least two detection sensors, and each detection sensor in the at least two detection sensors is electromagnetically shielded and protected by an electromagnetic shield. Alternating current excitation signals with a plurality of frequencies are applied sequentially and separately.24.根据权利要求23所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的至少二个检测传感器中的每个检测传感器是受到包括固定的和可变的温度控制的。24. The sensor instrumentation system according to claim 23, wherein each of said at least two detection sensors is temperature controlled including fixed and variable.25.根据权利要求6所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该传感器仪器含有现有的传感器和所述的检测传感器的组合结构。25. The sensor instrument system according to claim 6, characterized in that the sensor instrument comprises a combined structure of existing sensors and the detection sensor.26.根据权利要求25所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：在该结构中，含有一个或多个现有的传感器，和含有相应的多个或一个所述的检测传感器来充当在该结构中的其余的传感器。26. The sensor instrumentation system according to claim 25, characterized in that: the structure contains one or more existing sensors, and contains a corresponding plurality or one of said detection sensors to act as the rest of the sensors in the27.根据权利要求26所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的现有的传感器包括：金属氧化物薄膜传感器、导电高分子材料薄膜传感器、由高分子薄膜涂在晶体表面的重量感应传感器、由高分子材料薄膜涂在晶体表面的表面声波传感器、由栅极表面涂有金属氧化物薄膜的硅场效应晶体管传感器、由应用多声波的光纤传感器、由根据气相色谱、光谱和质谱原理而组成的相对应的传感器。27. The sensor instrument system according to claim 26, characterized in that: the existing sensors include: metal oxide film sensors, conductive polymer material film sensors, weight sensors coated on the crystal surface by polymer films Sensors, surface acoustic wave sensors coated on the surface of crystals with polymer material films, silicon field effect transistor sensors coated with metal oxide films on the gate surface, fiber optic sensors using multiple acoustic waves, based on the principles of gas chromatography, spectroscopy and mass spectrometry And make up the corresponding sensor.28.根据权利要求6所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器是被电磁屏蔽的。28. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 6, wherein said sensor is electromagnetically shielded.29.根据权利要求5所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的流体以一层流的形式流过该传感器。29. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 5, wherein said fluid flows through the sensor in a laminar manner.30.根据权利要求5所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：结合了在参照传感器中得到的和在检测传感器中得到的可测量的信息之后来降低背景噪声。30. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 5, wherein background noise is reduced after combining measurable information obtained in the reference sensor and in the test sensor.31.根据权利要求30所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该背景噪声包括了由湿度而引起的和由安置在检测传感器电极之间的分析物的温度变化而引起的检测到的检测传感器的可测量的信息的变化。31. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 30, wherein the background noise includes detected detection sensor noise caused by humidity and caused by temperature changes of the analyte disposed between the detection sensor electrodes changes in measurable information.32.根据权利要求30所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：结合了在参照传感器中得到的和在检测传感器中得到的可测量的信息之后来检测和鉴别在流体中的分析物中的兴趣所在物。32. The sensor instrumentation system according to claim 30, characterized in that the detection and identification of the analyte in the fluid is of interest after combining the measurable information obtained in the reference sensor and in the detection sensor belongings.33.根据权利要求32所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该兴趣所在物包括已知的生化目 标物或目标物群在内的已知的化合物或化合物群。33. The sensor instrument system according to claim 32, characterized in that: the objects of interest include known compounds or compound groups including known biochemical targets or target groups.34.根据权利要求33所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：在该检测和鉴别中参照传感器检测不含有兴趣所在物的流体，该流体是由被安置在参照传感器的前端的该材料来吸附或者吸收在样品中的该兴趣所在物之后所得到的。34. The sensor instrument system according to claim 33, characterized in that in the detection and identification, the reference sensor detects the fluid that does not contain the object of interest, and the fluid is adsorbed by the material placed at the front end of the reference sensor Or after absorbing the locus of interest in the sample.35.根据权利要求34所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的材料包含所有种类的有机、无机和金属吸附或吸收材料。35. The sensor instrumentation system according to claim 34, characterized in that said material comprises all kinds of organic, inorganic and metal adsorption or absorption materials.36.根据权利要求20所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的单一正弦波的多频率的交流电激励信号包括用频率扫描得到的，该频率扫描的交流电激励信号包含有开始频率和终止频率的扫描频率区间，和激励信号的幅度。36. The sensor instrument system according to claim 20, characterized in that: the multi-frequency AC excitation signal of the single sine wave is obtained by frequency scanning, and the frequency scanning AC excitation signal includes a start frequency and an end frequency Frequency scanning frequency range, and the amplitude of the excitation signal.37.根据权利要求20所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该电学性质包括电压、电流、电阻抗、电阻、电抗、和相位。37. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 20, wherein the electrical properties include voltage, current, electrical impedance, resistance, reactance, and phase.38.根据权利要求1、2、3、或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该交流电激励信号包含有单一频率的方波或者三角波或者锯齿波的非正弦形波，和被用来检测该分析物。38. The sensor instrument system according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the AC excitation signal includes a single frequency square wave or a triangular wave or a sawtooth non-sinusoidal wave, and is used to The analyte is detected.39.根据权利要求38所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该单一频率的交流电激励信号施加到所述的传感器上，检测到对应于所施加的频率的交流电激励信号的一交流电学性质。39. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 38, wherein the single frequency AC excitation signal is applied to said sensor and an AC electrical property corresponding to the applied frequency AC excitation signal is detected.40.根据权利要求39所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该电学性质包括电压、电流、和电阻抗。40. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 39, wherein the electrical properties include voltage, current, and electrical impedance.41.根据权利要求1、2、3、或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该交流电激励信号包含有单一频率的正弦波的形式，和被用来检测该分析物。41. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the AC excitation signal comprises a single frequency sinusoidal form and is used to detect the analyte.42.根据权利要求41所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该单一频率的正弦波形式的交流电激励信号施加到所述的传感器上，检测到对应于所施加的频率的交流电激励信号的交流电学性质。42. The sensor instrument system according to claim 41, wherein an alternating current excitation signal in the form of a sine wave of a single frequency is applied to the sensor, and an alternating current corresponding to the applied frequency of the alternating current excitation signal is detected electrical properties.43.根据权利要求42所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该交流电学性质包括在该频率上得到的两种不同的电学性质。43. The sensor instrument system according to claim 42, wherein the alternating current electrical property comprises two different electrical properties obtained at the frequency.44.根据权利要求43所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该电学性质包括电压、电流、电阻抗、电阻、电抗、和相位。44. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 43, wherein the electrical properties include voltage, current, electrical impedance, resistance, reactance, and phase.45.根据权利要求20所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该检测模块包含有模拟量到数字量转换器。45. The sensor instrument system according to claim 20, wherein the detection module includes an analog-to-digital converter.46.根据权利要求45所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该检测模块包含有一中央微处理器。46. The sensor instrument system according to claim 45, wherein the detection module comprises a central microprocessor.47.根据权利要求45所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器仪器有为检测到的可测量的信息的预处理的算法。47. The sensor instrumentation system according to claim 45, characterized in that said sensor instrument has algorithms for preprocessing of detected measurable information.48.根据权利要求1、2、3、或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器仪器将检测到的分析物的信息与已知分析物的信息相比较来鉴别分析物。48. The sensor instrument system according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the sensor instrument compares the information of the detected analyte with the information of the known analyte to identify the analyte .49.根据权利要求48所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器仪器将检测到的分析物信息的类型与已知分析物信息的类型相比较来鉴别分析物。49. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 48, wherein the sensor instrument compares the type of detected analyte information with the type of known analyte information to identify the analyte.50.根据权利要求49所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该分析物信息的类型是在应用了主成分分析法的分析后而得到的。50. The sensor instrument system according to claim 49, wherein the type of the analyte information is obtained after applying principal component analysis.51.根据权利要求49所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该分析物信息的类型是在应用了包含了有条件地单独模拟类别的相似性分析法、最邻近因子分析法、体系的群的分析法、典型判别的分析法、经典最小二乘法、主成分回归、和偏最小二乘法的分析法的分析后而得到的。51. The sensor instrument system according to claim 49, characterized in that: the type of the analyte information is applied to a similarity analysis method, a nearest neighbor factor analysis method, a system group that includes conditionally individually simulated categories It is obtained after the analysis of the analysis method of canonical discriminant method, classical least squares method, principal component regression, and partial least squares method.52.根据权利要求48所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：应用有指导的和无指导的认识性的中枢网络技术，和模糊中枢网络技术来鉴别分析物。52. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 48, wherein directed and unsupervised epistemic neural network techniques, and fuzzy neural network techniques are used to identify analytes.53.根据权利要求1、2、3、或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的传感器仪器 还包含有一驱动样品单元、一传感器仓模块，有一外部加热器的一加热模块、一微型计算机模块、和一电源模块。53. The sensor instrument system according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that: the sensor instrument also includes a driving sample unit, a sensor chamber module, a heating module with an external heater, A microcomputer module, and a power supply module.54.根据权利要求53所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该微型计算机模块包含有通用的顺序接口、串联接口、和并联接口来有线传输包括数据，包含有为数据和指令输入之用的按键单元，包含有具有输入信息的功能的和能显示出测量得到的数据包括了根据扫描过的时间或者扫描过的频率来显示一瞬时得到的分析物的信息的显示屏幕。54. The sensor instrument system according to claim 53, characterized in that: the microcomputer module includes a general sequence interface, a serial interface, and a parallel interface for wired transmission including data, including data and instruction input The key unit includes a display screen that has the function of inputting information and can display the measured data including the information of the analyte obtained instantaneously according to the scanned time or scanned frequency.55.根据权利要求53所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该微型计算机模块包含有一用于检测的应用软件、一当数字以保密形式输出时用来加密的软件、有全球地理位置的定位地图在内的应用软件和包括类型鉴别的分析法在内的分析法软件。55. The sensor instrument system according to claim 53, characterized in that: the microcomputer module includes an application software for detection, a software for encryption when the numbers are output in a confidential form, and a global location location Application software including maps and analysis software including type identification analysis.56.根据权利要求55所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该微型计算机模块包含的分析法有多变量元素分析法包含有主成分分析法、有条件地单独模拟类别的相似性分析法、最邻近因子分析法、体系的群的分析法、典型判别的分析法、经典最小二乘法、主成分回归、和偏最小二乘法，有指导的和无指导的认识性的中枢网络技术，和模糊中枢网络技术。56. The sensor instrument system according to claim 55, characterized in that: the analysis method contained in the microcomputer module has a multivariate elemental analysis method including principal component analysis method, conditionally separately simulated category similarity analysis method, Nearest neighbor factor analysis, systematic group analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, classical least squares, principal component regression, and partial least squares, supervised and unsupervised cognitive neural network techniques, and fuzzy Central network technology.57.根据权利要求53所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该微型计算机模块包含有一数据库，在该数据库里包含已知分析物的信息，已知分析物信息的类型和已知分析物信息的模型。57. The sensor instrument system according to claim 53, wherein the microcomputer module includes a database, which includes information of known analytes, types of known analyte information and known analyte information model.58.根据权利要求3或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的中央信息站通过网络连接了众多处在一地域里不同地区的能无线收发信息的当地信息站，其中一个与该传感器仪器处在同一地区的当地信息站与该传感器仪器无线信息联系。58. The sensor instrument system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: said central information station is connected to many local information stations in different regions in a region that can send and receive information wirelessly through the network, one of which is connected with The sensor instrument is in wireless information communication with the sensor instrument at the local information station in the same area.59.根据权利要求58所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：中央信息站包含有与一伺服计算机相连接的中央计算机，该中央计算机包含有全球地理位置的定位地图在内的应用软件和为检测到的可测量的信息的预处理的算法和包括类型鉴别的分析法在内的分析法的软件。59. The sensor instrument system according to claim 58, characterized in that: the central information station includes a central computer connected to a servo computer, and the central computer includes application software including a positioning map of the global geographic location and for Algorithms for preprocessing of detected measurable information and software for analysis methods including type identification analysis methods.60.根据权利要求59所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的分析法有多变量元素分析法包含了有条件地单独模拟类别的相似性分析法、最邻近因子分析法、体系的群的分析法、典型判别的分析法、经典最小二乘法、主成分回归、和偏最小二乘法，有指导的和无指导的认识性的中枢网络技术，和模糊中枢网络技术。60. The sensor instrument system according to claim 59, characterized in that: said analysis method has multivariate elemental analysis method including similarity analysis method, nearest neighbor factor analysis method, systematic Group analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, classical least squares, principal component regression, and partial least squares, supervised and unsupervised cognitive neural network techniques, and fuzzy neural network techniques.61.根据权利要求58所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该中央计算机包含有一数据库，在该数据库里包含已知分析物的信息，已知分析物信息的类型和已知分析物信息的模型。61. The sensor instrument system according to claim 58, wherein the central computer includes a database containing information on known analytes, types of known analyte information and numbers of known analyte information Model.62.根据权利要求61所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：中央计算机将检测到的分析物的信息与已知分析物的信息相比较来鉴别分析物。62. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 61, wherein the central computer compares the detected analyte information with known analyte information to identify the analyte.63.根据权利要求61所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：中央计算机将检测到的分析物信息的类型与已知分析物信息的类型相比较来鉴别分析物。63. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 61, wherein the central computer compares the type of detected analyte information to the type of known analyte information to identify the analyte.64.根据权利要求63所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该分析物信息的类型是在应用了类型鉴别的分析法的分析后而得到的。64. The sensor instrument system according to claim 63, wherein the type of the analyte information is obtained after analysis using type identification analysis.65.根据权利要求64所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该分析物信息的类型是在应用了主成分分析法的分析后而得到的。65. The sensor instrument system according to claim 64, wherein the type of the analyte information is obtained after applying principal component analysis.66.根据权利要求58所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该网络包含了易舍网络，在一组织内部的网络，在一区域内的网络，和连接全世界地区的英特网络，所述的网络包含用光纤、电缆、金属电线、或包括电磁波的无线连接在内的任何方式。66. The sensor instrument system according to claim 58, characterized in that: the network includes an easy house network, a network within an organization, a network within a region, and an Internet network connecting regions all over the world, so The above-mentioned network includes any means including optical fiber, cable, metal wire, or wireless connection including electromagnetic waves.67.根据权利要求35所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的材料包含高分子材料、或者高分子材料和无机材料的复合材料、或者含有铂金属组中的金属和有机或无机的填充材料的复合材料、或者固体无机材料。67. The sensor instrument system according to claim 35, characterized in that: the material comprises a polymer material, or a composite material of a polymer material and an inorganic material, or a metal in the platinum metal group and an organic or inorganic Composite materials of filled materials, or solid inorganic materials.68.根据权利要求67所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的固体无机材料包括分子筛、硅胶、氧化铝、玻璃、多孔状的炭粒、和碳酸钙；所述的高分子材料包括氟化碳材料、或者液态有机盐材料；所述的高分子材料和无机材料的复合材料包括表面覆盖有高分子材料 的固体无机材料颗粒，其包括覆盖有高分子材料的氧化铝颗粒、覆盖有高分子材料的硅胶颗粒、和覆盖有高分子材料的玻璃颗粒。68. The sensor instrument system according to claim 67, characterized in that: said solid inorganic material comprises molecular sieve, silica gel, aluminum oxide, glass, porous carbon particles, and calcium carbonate; said polymer material comprises Fluorinated carbon material, or liquid organic salt material; The composite material of described macromolecular material and inorganic material comprises the solid inorganic material particle that surface is covered with macromolecular material, and it comprises the aluminum oxide particle that is covered with macromolecular material, is covered with Silicone particles of polymer material, and glass particles covered with polymer material.69.根据权利要求1、2、3、或4所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：该电学性质包括电压、电流、电阻抗、电阻、电抗、和相位。69. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the electrical properties include voltage, current, electrical impedance, resistance, reactance, and phase.70.根据权利要求1或3所述的传感器仪器系统，其特征在于：所述的流体以一层流的形式流过该传感器。 70. The sensor instrumentation system of claim 1 or 3, wherein said fluid flows through the sensor in a laminar manner. the

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