CN101575823A - Wet-pressed tissue and towel products with elevated CD stretch and low tensile ratios made with a high solids fabric crepe process - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

用织物起绉工艺制造的具有提高CD拉伸率和低拉伸比率的湿压制的薄织物和手巾产品。纤维素纤维的吸收性片材，该纤维素纤维包括在网状结构中排列的硬木纤维和软木纤维的混合物，该网状结构具有：(i)多个的较高局部基重的伞形纤维富集区域，该区域由(ii)多个的较低局部基重连接区域互联，该连接区域的纤维取向沿着在互联的伞形区域之间的纵向发生偏向，其中片材所显示出的％CD拉伸率是片材的干拉伸比率的至少约2.75倍。容易地实现约0.4到约4的拉伸比率。

Wet-pressed tissue and towel products with increased CD stretch and low draw ratio produced by fabric creping. Absorbent sheet of cellulosic fibers comprising a mixture of hardwood fibers and softwood fibers arranged in a network structure having: (i) a plurality of umbrella fibers of relatively high local basis weight enriched regions interconnected by (ii) a plurality of lower local basis weight connected regions, the fiber orientation of which is biased along the machine direction between the interconnected umbrella regions, wherein the sheet exhibits The % CD stretch is at least about 2.75 times the dry stretch ratio of the sheet. Stretch ratios of about 0.4 to about 4 are readily achieved.

Description

Translated fromChinese

用织物起绉工艺制造的具有提高CD拉伸率和低拉伸比率的湿压制的薄织物和手巾产品Wet-pressed tissue and towel products with increased CD stretch and low draw ratio produced by fabric creping

对于优先权的要求和技术领域Claims and Technical Fields for Priority

本申请是中国专利申请200580011238.3的分案申请。This application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application 200580011238.3.

本申请是以2004年4月14日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号No.60/562,025(代理人案卷No.2636；GP-04-5)的优先权为基础并要求了优先权。本申请也是2003年10月6日提交的名称为“FabricCrepe Process for Making Absorbent Sheet”的悬而未决的美国专利申请序列号No.10/679,862的部分继续，其优先权被要求。此外，本申请要求了2002年10月7日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号No.60/416,666的申请日的利益。本申请部分地涉及一种工艺，其中网幅压缩脱水，起绉或起皱织物和干燥，其中该处理加以控制以生产出具有高CD拉伸率(streth)和低拉伸(tensile)比率的产品。This application is based upon and claims priority from US Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/562,025, filed April 14, 2004 (Attorney Docket No. 2636; GP-04-5). This application is also a continuation-in-part of pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/679,862, filed October 6, 2003, entitled "FabricCrepe Process for Making Absorbent Sheet," the priority of which is claimed. Additionally, this application claims the benefit of the filing date of US Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/416,666, filed October 7,2002. This application relates, in part, to a process in which the web is dewatered by compression, creped or creped fabric and dried, wherein the process is controlled to produce a web with high CD stretch and low tensile ratio. product.

背景技术Background technique

制造纸巾，手巾(towel)等的方法是大家所熟知的，其中包括各种特征，如杨克式干燥，穿透干燥，织物起皱，干法起皱，湿起皱等等。普通的湿压工艺与普通的穿透空气干燥工艺相比具有某些优点，其中包括：(1)与不是用热空气的蒸腾干燥法而是水的机械除去相关的低级能源成本；和(2)更高的生产速度，该速度对于使用湿压法形成网幅的工艺更容易实现。另一方面，穿透空气干燥处理已经广泛地为新资本投资，特别为柔软，蓬松，优质品质薄织物(tissue)和手巾产品的生产所采用。Methods of making paper towels, towels, etc. are well known and include various features such as Yankee drying, through drying, fabric creping, dry creping, wet creping, and the like. The conventional wet pressing process has certain advantages over the conventional through-air drying process, including: (1) lower energy costs associated with mechanical removal of water instead of transpiration drying with hot air; and (2) ) Higher production speeds that are easier to achieve for processes that use wet pressing to form webs. On the other hand, the through-air drying process has been widely adopted for new capital investment, especially for the production of soft, fluffy, premium quality tissue and towel products.

织物起皱已经与造纸工艺相结合使用，它包括纸幅的机械或压缩脱水作为影响产品性能的手段。参见Weldon的美国专利No 4,689,119和4,551,199；Klowak的4,849,054和4,834,838；和Edwards等人的6,287,426。织物起皱工艺的操作已经受到将高或中等稠度的网幅有效地转移到干燥器上的困难所妨碍。也请关注Hermans等人的美国专利No.6,350,349，它公开了网幅从旋转的转移面上湿转移到织物上的方法。与织物起皱相关的其它专利一般地说包括下列：Wells等人的4,834,838；4,482,429；4,445,638以及4,440,597。Fabric creping has been used in conjunction with the papermaking process, which involves mechanical or compression dewatering of the paper web as a means of affecting product properties. See U.S. Patent Nos. 4,689,119 and 4,551,199 to Weldon; 4,849,054 and 4,834,838 to Klowak; and 6,287,426 to Edwards et al. The operation of fabric creping processes has been hampered by the difficulty of efficiently transferring webs of high or medium consistency to dryers. Attention is also drawn to US Patent No. 6,350,349 to Hermans et al. which discloses wet transfer of a web from a rotating transfer surface to a fabric. Other patents related to fabric creping generally include the following: 4,834,838 to Wells et al; 4,482,429; 4,445,638 and 4,440,597.

与造纸工艺有关，织物模塑也可用作提供织构和膨松度的手段。在这方面，在Lindsey等人的美国专利No.6,610,173中见到在湿压情况下压印纸幅的方法，它导致了与偏转元件的偏转管道对应的不对称的突起。该‘173专利报道了在压制过程中差动速度转移可以改进网幅用偏转元件的模塑和压印。所生产的薄织物网幅据报道具有特殊组的物理和几何学性能，如图案致密化网络和具有不对称结构的突起的重复图案。对于使用织构化织物的网幅的湿模塑法，也可参见下列美国专利：6,017,417和5,672,248，两个都授权于Wendt等人；Hermans等人的5,508,818和5,510,002以及Trokhan的4,637,859。对于织物用于为几乎干燥片材赋予织构的用途，参见Drew等人的美国专利No.6,585,855，以及美国专利出版物No.US 2003/00064。In connection with the papermaking process, fabric molding can also be used as a means of providing texture and bulk. In this regard, see in US Patent No. 6,610,173 to Lindsey et al. a method of embossing a paper web under wet pressing which results in asymmetrical protrusions corresponding to the deflection ducts of the deflection elements. The '173 patent reports that differential velocity transfer during pressing can improve the molding and embossing of deflection elements for webs. The produced tissue webs are reported to have a unique set of physical and geometrical properties, such as pattern densified networks and repeating patterns of protrusions with asymmetric structures. See also the following US Patents for wet molding of webs using textured fabrics: 6,017,417 and 5,672,248, both to Wendt et al; 5,508,818 and 5,510,002 to Hermans et al; and 4,637,859 to Trokhan. See U.S. Patent No. 6,585,855 to Drew et al., and U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2003/00064 for the use of fabrics for imparting texture to nearly dry sheets.

穿透干燥、起绉的产品已公开在下面专利中：Morgan，Jr.等人的美国专利No.3,994,771；Morton的美国专利No.4,102,737；和Trokhan的美国专利No.4,529,480。在这些专利中描述的方法包括，非常一般地，在多孔载体上形成网幅，加热预干燥该网幅，用由压印织物部分地限定的夹辊将该网幅施加于杨克式干燥器中，然后从杨克式干燥器中起皱该产品。相对可渗透性的网幅是典型地需要的，使得难以在所希望的水平上采用再循环供料。转移到杨克干燥干燥器上的过程典型地在约60％-约70％的网幅稠度下发生；虽然在一些工艺中该转移是在高得多的稠度下，有时甚至接近空气干燥时进行。Throughdried, creped products are disclosed in US Patent No. 3,994,771 to Morgan, Jr. et al; US Patent No. 4,102,737 to Morton; and US Patent No. 4,529,480 to Trokhan. The methods described in these patents involve, very generally, forming a web on a porous support, pre-drying the web with heat, applying the web to a Yankee dryer with nip rolls partially defined by the embossing fabric , then crepe the product from the Yankee dryer. Relatively permeable webs are typically required, making it difficult to employ recycled feedstock at desired levels. The transfer to the Yankee dryer typically occurs at a web consistency of about 60% to about 70%; although in some processes the transfer is at a much higher consistency, sometimes even close to air drying .

如以上所指出，穿透干燥产品倾向于显示出增强的蓬松度和柔软度；然而，用热空气的热脱水法倾向于是能量密集的。其中网幅机械地脱水的湿压制操作从能量观点考虑是优选的并且更容易地应用于含有再循环纤维的供给料，该再循环纤维倾向于形成比原始纤维有更低渗透性的网幅。许多改进涉及提高压缩脱水产品的蓬松度和吸收性，该产品典型地用造纸毡部分地脱水。As noted above, throughdried products tend to exhibit enhanced bulk and softness; however, thermal dehydration with hot air tends to be energy intensive. Wet pressing operations in which the web is mechanically dewatered are preferred from an energy standpoint and are more readily applicable to feedstocks containing recycled fibers that tend to form webs that are less permeable than virgin fibers. A number of improvements have involved increasing the bulk and absorbency of compression dewatered products which are typically partially dewatered with papermaking felts.

尽管在现有技术领域中取得一些进展，但是先前已知的湿压方法无法生产出具有优异的物理性能，尤其在较低MD/CD拉伸比率下的提高CD拉伸率的高度吸收性网幅，这些性能是用于优质薄织物和手巾产品中所追求的。Despite some advances in the state of the art, previously known wet pressing methods fail to produce highly absorbent webs with excellent physical properties, especially increased CD stretch at lower MD/CD stretch ratios These properties are sought after for premium tissue and towel products.

根据本发明，湿压制的网幅的吸收性、蓬松度和拉伸率能够通过将网幅进行湿织物起皱和将该纤维在起皱织物上重排，与此同时维持高速度、热效率和供料容限以再循环那些普通湿压工艺的纤维，来大幅度地改进。According to the present invention, the absorbency, loft, and stretch of a wet-pressed web can be achieved by subjecting the web to wet fabric creping and rearranging the fibers on the creping fabric while maintaining high speed, thermal efficiency, and Feed tolerances are greatly improved by recycling the fibers of those conventional wet pressing processes.

本发明的概述Summary of the invention

因此在本发明的第一方面提供了包括在网状结构中排列的硬木纤维和软木纤维的混合物的纤维素纤维的吸收性片材，该网状结构具有：(i)较高局部基重的多个伞形纤维富集区域，利用(ii)多个较低局部基重连接区域来互联。该连接区域的纤维取向是沿着在互联的伞形区域之间的方向发生偏向。该网状结构的相对基重，伞形化(pileation)程度，硬木与软木比率，纤维长度分布，纤维取向，和几何结构能够加以控制，以使该片材显示出该片材的干拉伸比率的至少约2.75倍的％CD拉伸率。在一个优选的实施方案中该片材显示出至少约5g/g的空隙体积，至少约5％的CD拉伸率和低于约1.75的MD/CD拉伸比率。在另一个优选实施方案中该MD/CD拉伸比率低于约1.5。在另一个优选实施方案中该片材显示出至少约5g/g的吸收性，至少约10％的CD拉伸率，和低于约2.5的MD/CD拉伸比率。在仍然另一个优选实施方案中该片材显示出至少约5g/g的吸收性，至少约15％的CD拉伸率，和低于约3.5的MD/CD拉伸比率。至少约20％的CD拉伸率和低于约5的MD/CD拉伸比率据信根据本发明能实现。Thus in a first aspect the present invention provides an absorbent sheet comprising cellulosic fibers of a mixture of hardwood fibers and softwood fibers arranged in a network structure having: (i) a relatively high local basis weight Multiple umbrella fiber-rich regions interconnected by (ii) multiple lower local basis weight linker regions. The fiber orientation of the connecting regions is biased along the direction between the interconnected umbrella regions. The relative basis weight, degree of pileation, hardwood to softwood ratio, fiber length distribution, fiber orientation, and geometry of the network can be controlled so that the sheet exhibits dry stretch of the sheet % CD Stretch of at least about 2.75 times the ratio. In a preferred embodiment the sheet exhibits a void volume of at least about 5 g/g, a CD stretch of at least about 5% and a MD/CD stretch ratio of less than about 1.75. In another preferred embodiment the MD/CD stretch ratio is less than about 1.5. In another preferred embodiment the sheet exhibits an Absorbency of at least about 5 g/g, a CD Stretch of at least about 10%, and a MD/CD Stretch Ratio of less than about 2.5. In yet another preferred embodiment the sheet exhibits an Absorbency of at least about 5 g/g, a CD Stretch of at least about 15%, and a MD/CD Stretch Ratio of less than about 3.5. A CD stretch of at least about 20% and a MD/CD stretch ratio of less than about 5 is believed to be achievable in accordance with the present invention.

从下面的数据可以看出，干拉伸比率的至少约3，3.25或3.5倍的％CD拉伸率根据本发明容易地实现。As can be seen from the data below, % CD stretch of at least about 3, 3.25 or 3.5 times the dry stretch ratio is readily achieved in accordance with the present invention.

通常，至少约4的％CD拉伸率和约0.4到约4的干拉伸比率是本发明产品典型具有的。优选，该产品具有最少约5或6的CD拉伸率。在一些情况下至少约8或至少约10的CD拉伸率是优选的。Generally, a % CD stretch of at least about 4 and a dry stretch ratio of from about 0.4 to about 4 are typical of products of the present invention. Preferably, the product has a CD stretch of at least about 5 or 6. A CD stretch of at least about 8 or at least about 10 is preferred in some cases.

本发明的产品典型地具有至少约5或6g/g的空隙体积。至少约7g/g，8g/g，9g/g或10g/g的空隙体积同样是典型的。Products of the present invention typically have a void volume of at least about 5 or 6 g/g. Void volumes of at least about 7 g/g, 8 g/g, 9 g/g or 10 g/g are also typical.

本发明的片材可以主要(大于50％)由硬木纤维或软木纤维组成。典型地该片材包括这两种纤维的混合物。Sheets of the present invention may consist primarily (greater than 50%) of hardwood fibers or softwood fibers. Typically the sheet comprises a mixture of these two fibers.

在本发明的另一个方面提供了制造供薄织物或手巾产品用的纤维素网幅的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：(a)制备水性纤维素造纸供料；(b)作为在一定喷射速度下从流料箱流出的喷射料来将造纸供料提供到成形织物上；(c)将造纸供料压缩脱水形成具有造纸纤维的明显随机分布的初生网幅；(d)将具有明显随机纤维分布的脱水网幅施加于在第一种速度下运动的移动式转移表面上；(e)利用含图案的起皱传送带在约30％-约60％的稠度下将该该网幅从转移面上进行传送带起皱，该起皱步骤是在压力下在转移面和起皱传送带之间限定的传送带起皱辊隙中进行，其中该传送带是在比转移面的速度更缓慢的第二速度下运行。该传送带图案，辊隙参数，速度δ和网幅稠度进行选择，使得该网幅从转移面上起绉并再分配在起皱传送带上形成具有网状结构的网幅，该网状结构具有不同局部基重的多个互连区域，其中包括至少(i)较高局部基重的多个纤维富集区域，这些纤维富集区域利用(ii)多个较低局部基重区域来互联。该网幅然后干燥。可以看出，硬木与软木比率，纤维长度分布，整个起绉，喷流速度，干燥和传送带起皱步骤加以控制以及起皱传送带图案进行选择，使得该网幅体现特征于它所具有的％CD拉伸率是该网幅的干拉伸比率的至少约2.75倍。这些参数也进行选择，使得以上关于本发明产品所指出的性能可以在本发明的各种实施方案中实现。In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making a cellulosic web for tissue or towel products, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous cellulosic papermaking furnish; (c) compressing and dewatering the papermaking furnish to form a nascent web with an apparently random distribution of papermaking fibers; (d) will have an apparently random fiber distribution A distributed dewatered web is applied to a moving transfer surface moving at a first speed; (e) removing the web from the transfer surface at a consistency of about 30% to about 60% using a patterned creping belt belt creping is carried out on a belt crimping step under pressure in a belt creping nip defined between a transfer surface and a creping belt, wherein the belt is at a second speed slower than the speed of the transfer surface run. The belt pattern, nip parameters, speed δ and web consistency are selected such that the web is creped from the transfer surface and redistributed on the creping belt to form a web having a network structure with different A plurality of interconnected regions of local basis weight comprising at least (i) a plurality of fiber-enriched regions of higher local basis weight interconnected with (ii) a plurality of regions of lower local basis weight. The web is then dried. It can be seen that the hardwood to softwood ratio, fiber length distribution, overall creping, jet velocity, drying and belt creping steps are controlled and the creping belt pattern is selected such that the web is characterized by its %CD The draw ratio is at least about 2.75 times the dry draw ratio of the web. These parameters are also selected so that the properties indicated above with respect to the products of the invention can be achieved in various embodiments of the invention.

本发明的工艺可以通过用于生产供薄织物制造用的基础片材的主要硬木纤维来实施或当希望制造手巾时，本发明的工艺可以通过主要由软木纤维组成的供料来实施。本领域中的技术人员将会认识到，如果需要的话，可以选择其它添加剂。The process of the present invention can be practiced with predominantly hardwood fibers used to produce base sheets for tissue manufacture or when it is desired to manufacture towels, the process of the present invention can be practiced with a supply consisting primarily of softwood fibers. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other additives can be selected, if desired.

根据本发明已经发现，当希望压延时，在基重上有局部变化的网幅优选在钢丝压延辊之间进行压延。It has been found in accordance with the present invention that when calendering is desired, webs with local variations in basis weight are preferably calendered between wire calender rolls.

本发明的传送带起绉网幅典型地体现特征于纤维富集区域的纤维在横向上发生偏向，这可从所附显微照片看出。The belt-creped webs of the present invention are typically characterized by a deflection of fibers in the fiber-enriched region in the transverse direction, as can be seen from the accompanying photomicrograph.

一般该工艺是在约10％到约100％的织物起绉下操作。优选实施方案包括这样一些，其中该工艺是在至少约40，60，80或100％或更高的织物起绉下操作。本发明的工艺可以在125％或更高的织物起绉下操作。Typically the process is operated at about 10% to about 100% fabric creping. Preferred embodiments include those wherein the process is operated at a fabric crepe of at least about 40, 60, 80 or 100% or more. The process of the present invention can be operated at fabric crepe of 125% or higher.

本发明的方法是极度地供料容忍的，并且能够用大量的次级纤维来操作，如果希望的话。The process of the present invention is extremely feed tolerant and can be operated with large quantities of secondary fibers, if desired.

本发明的仍然其它特征和优点将从后面的讨论变得十分清楚。Still other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing discussion.

附图的简述Brief description of the drawings

本发明参考附图来详细描述，其中：The invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

图1是沿着织物起绉的片材的纤维富集区域的纵向上的截面的显微照片(120X)；Figure 1 is a photomicrograph (120X) of a section in the longitudinal direction of a fiber-enriched region of a fabric-creped sheet;

图2是MD/CD干拉伸比率-对-喷流/丝网速度δ(英尺/分钟)的曲线图；Figure 2 is a graph of MD/CD Dry Draw Ratio vs. Jet/Wire Velocity δ (ft/min);

图3是织物起绉网幅的织物侧的显微照片(10X)；Figure 3 is a photomicrograph (10X) of the fabric side of a fabric-creped web;

图4是说明了可用于生产该产品和实施本发明方法的造纸机的示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a paper machine that can be used to produce the product and practice the method of the invention;

图5和6是以各种织物和起皱率生产的13磅片材的CD拉伸率-对-MD/CD拉伸比率的曲线图；Figures 5 and 6 are graphs of CD Stretch vs. MD/CD Stretch Ratio for 13 lb sheets produced at various fabrics and creping rates;

图7-9是本发明的各种24磅片材的CD拉伸率-对-干拉伸比率的曲线图；和Figures 7-9 are graphs of CD Tensile versus Dry Tensile Ratio for various 24 lb sheets of the present invention; and

图10是钢和橡胶压延辊的不同组合的厚度减少-对-压延机荷载的曲线图。Figure 10 is a graph of thickness reduction versus calender load for different combinations of steel and rubber calender rolls.

详细叙述detailed description

本发明参考几个实施方案和多个实施例进行详细描述。此类讨论仅仅是为了举例说明的目的。在所附权利要求中阐明的本发明的精神和范围之内的对于具体实施例的改进对于本领域中的技术人员来说是显而易见的。The invention is described in detail with reference to several embodiments and examples. Such discussions are for illustration purposes only. Modifications to particular embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

在这里使用的术语给出了它的具有紧接着在下面阐明的举例性质的定义的寻常意义。Terminology used herein is given its ordinary meaning with the exemplary definitions set forth immediately below.

本发明的产品的吸收性(SAT)用简单的吸收性试验器来测量。简单的吸收性试验器是测量薄织物，卫生巾，或手巾的样品的亲水性和吸收性的特别有用的装置。在这一试验中2.0英寸直径的薄织物，卫生巾，或手巾的样品被安放在顶部平直塑料盖与底部刻纹槽的样品板之间。该薄织物，卫生巾，或手巾样品圆盘利用1/8英寸宽圆周法兰面积来固定就位。样品没有被夹持器压缩。通过1mm直径导管将73°F的去离子水在底部样品板的中心上引入到样品中。该水处于-5mm的静水压头。在测量的开始由仪器机构所引入的脉冲引发流动。水因此利用毛细管作用被该薄织物，卫生巾，或手巾样品从这一中心进入点沿径向向外浸渗。当水浸渗的速率下降到低于0.005gm水/每5秒时，该试验终止。从贮器中除去的并被样品吸收的水的量被称量并报导为多少克的水/每平方米的样品，除非另有说明。在实践中，使用M/K Systems Inc.Gravimetric Absorbency Testing System。这是可从M/K Systems Inc.，12 Garden Street，Danvers，Mass.，01923获得的商业系统。也称为SAT的WAC或吸水容量实际上由仪器本身测得。WAC被定义为重量-对-时间曲线具有“零”斜率的点，即样品已经停止吸收。试验的终止标准是以经过固定的时间之后所吸收的水重量的最大变化来表达的。这基本上是重量-对-时间曲线的零斜率的估计。该程序使用经过5秒时间间隔的0.005g的变化作为终止标准；除非规定了“Slow SAT”，在这种情况下中断标准是在20秒中的1mg。The absorbency (SAT) of the products of the present invention is measured with a simple absorbency tester. The simple absorbency tester is a particularly useful device for measuring the hydrophilicity and absorbency of samples of tissue, sanitary napkin, or towel. In this test a 2.0 inch diameter sample of tissue, sanitary napkin, or towel is placed between the top flat plastic cover and the bottom grooved sample plate. The tissue, sanitary napkin, or towel sample disc is held in place by a 1/8 inch wide circumferential flange area. The sample is not compressed by the holder. Deionized water at 73°F was introduced into the sample through a 1 mm diameter conduit over the center of the bottom sample plate. The water is at a hydrostatic head of -5mm. The flow is induced at the beginning of the measurement by a pulse introduced by the instrument mechanism. Water is thus impregnated radially outward from this central entry point by the tissue, sanitary napkin, or towel sample by capillary action. The test was terminated when the rate of water infiltration dropped below 0.005 gm water/every 5 seconds. The amount of water removed from the reservoir and absorbed by the sample is weighed and reported as grams of water per square meter of sample unless otherwise stated. In practice, the M/K Systems Inc. Gravimetric Absorbency Testing System is used. This is a commercial system available from M/K Systems Inc., 12 Garden Street, Danvers, Mass., 01923. Also known as SAT, WAC or Water Absorbent Capacity is actually measured by the instrument itself. WAC is defined as the point at which the weight-versus-time curve has a "zero" slope, ie the sample has ceased to absorb. The termination criterion for the test is expressed in terms of the maximum change in absorbed water weight after a fixed period of time. This is basically an estimate of the zero slope of the weight-versus-time curve. The procedure used a change of 0.005 g over a 5 second interval as the termination criterion; unless "Slow SAT" was specified, in which case the interruption criterion was 1 mg in 20 seconds.

在整个说明书和权利要求中，当我们谈到具有纤维取向的明显随机分布(或使用类似术语)的初生网幅时，我们指当已知的成形技术用于将供料沉积在成形织物上时所导致的纤维取向的分布。当在显微镜下观察时，该纤维即使取决于喷流-丝网速度(the jet to wirespeed)，有相对于纵向取向的显著偏向，使得该网幅的纵向拉伸强度超过横向拉伸强度，仍产生随机取向的外观。Throughout the specification and claims, when we refer to a nascent web having an apparently random distribution of fiber orientations (or use similar terms), we mean when known forming techniques are used to deposit the supply material onto the forming fabric The resulting distribution of fiber orientations. When viewed under a microscope, the fibers still have a significant bias relative to machine direction orientation, depending on the jet to wire speed, such that the machine direction tensile strength of the web exceeds the cross direction tensile strength. Produces a randomly oriented appearance.

除非另作说明，“基重”，BWT，bwt等等是指产品的3000平方英尺令的重量。稠度指初生网幅的固体含量百分数，例如，按照完全干燥的基础来计算。“空气干燥”指包括残留水分，按照惯例对于纸浆至多约10％水分和对于纸张有至多约6％水分。具有50％水和50％完全干燥的纸浆的初生网幅具有50％的稠度。Unless otherwise stated, "basis weight," BWT, bwt, etc., refers to the weight of a 3000 square foot ream of product. Consistency refers to the percent solids content of the nascent web, eg, calculated on a completely dry basis. "Air dry" means including residual moisture, by convention up to about 10% moisture for pulp and up to about 6% moisture for paper. A nascent web with 50% water and 50% fully dry pulp has a consistency of 50%.

该术语“纤维素”，“纤维素片材”等等在意义上包括引入了含有纤维素作为主要成分的造纸纤维的任何产品。“造纸纤维”包含包括纤维素纤维的原始纸浆或再循环(二次)纤维素纤维或纤维混合物。适合于制造本发明的网幅的纤维包括：非木纤维，如棉纤维或棉衍生物，马尼拉麻，南非槿麻，沙巴草，亚麻，芦苇草，稻草，黄麻，甘蔗渣，马利筋属植物花纤维，和菠萝叶纤维；以及木纤维，如从每年落叶树和针叶树获得的那些，其中包括软木纤维，如北方和南方软木牛皮纸纤维；硬木纤维，如桉树，枫木，桦树，山杨等。造纸纤维能够利用现有技术领域中的技术人员熟悉的许多化学制浆方法中的任何一种来从它们的来源物质释放出来，此类方法包括硫酸盐，亚硫酸盐，多硫化物，碱法制浆，等等。如果需要的话该纸浆能够通过化学方法漂白，其中包括使用氯，二氧化氯，氧等。本发明的产品可以包括普通纤维(不论从原始纸浆还是从再循环的来源得到)和高粗糙度富含木质素的管式纤维的共混物，如漂白化学热机械纸浆(BCTMP)。“供料(Furnishes)”和类似术语指包括用于制造纸类产品的造纸纤维，湿强度树脂，解粘结剂和类似原料的一种水性组合物。The terms "cellulose", "cellulose sheet" and the like are meant to include any product incorporating papermaking fibers containing cellulose as a main component. "Papermaking fibers" comprise virgin pulp including cellulose fibers or recycled (secondary) cellulose fibers or fiber mixtures. Fibers suitable for making the webs of the present invention include: non-wood fibers such as cotton fibers or cotton derivatives, abaca, kenaf, saba grass, flax, reed grass, straw, jute, bagasse, milkweed Plant flower fibers, and pineapple leaf fibers; and wood fibers, such as those obtained from annual deciduous and coniferous trees, including softwood fibers, such as northern and southern softwood kraft fibers; hardwood fibers, such as eucalyptus, maple, birch, aspen wait. Papermaking fibers can be liberated from their source material by any of a number of chemical pulping methods familiar to those skilled in the art, such methods including sulfate, sulfite, polysulfide, alkaline Pulping, etc. The pulp can be chemically bleached, if desired, including the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, oxygen, and the like. The product of the invention may comprise a blend of ordinary fibers (whether derived from virgin pulp or from recycled sources) and high roughness lignin-rich tubular fibers, such as bleached chemithermomechanical pulp (BCTMP). "Furnishes" and like terms mean an aqueous composition comprising papermaking fibers, wet strength resins, debonding agents and similar materials used in the manufacture of paper products.

如在这里使用的，术语“将网幅或供料压缩脱水”指通过在脱水毡上湿压的机械脱水，例如，在一些实施方案中通过利用在网幅表面上连续地施加的机械压力就象在压辊和压鞋之间的夹辊中一样，其中该网幅与造纸毡接触。该术语“压缩脱水”用来区别一些工艺，其中网幅的初始脱水主要通过热方式来进行，例如在以上指出的Trokhan的美国专利No.4,529,480和Farrington等人的美国专利No.5,607,551中通常就是这样。压缩脱水网幅因此指，例如，通过对其施加压力从具有低于30％左右的稠度的初生网幅中除去水和/或通过对其施加压力将网幅的稠度提高了约15％或更高。As used herein, the term "compressive dewatering of a web or feed" refers to mechanical dewatering by wet pressing on a dewatering felt, for example, in some embodiments by utilizing continuously applied mechanical pressure on the surface of the web. As in nip rolls between press rolls and press shoes, where the web is in contact with a papermaking felt. The term "compression dewatering" is used to distinguish processes in which the initial dewatering of the web is performed primarily thermally, such as in U.S. Patent No. 4,529,480 to Trokhan and U.S. Patent No. 5,607,551 to Farrington et al. so. Compressing a dewatered web thus means, for example, removing water from a nascent web having a consistency of less than about 30% by applying pressure thereto and/or increasing the consistency of the web by about 15% or more by applying pressure thereto high.

“织物侧”和类似术语指网幅的与起皱和干燥用织物接触的那一侧。“干燥器侧”或类似术语是该网幅的与网幅的织物侧相对的那一侧。"Fabric side" and like terms refer to the side of the web that is in contact with the creping and drying fabric. "Dryer side" or similar term is the side of the web that is opposite the fabric side of the web.

Fpm指英尺/分，而稠度指网幅的重量百分数纤维。Fpm refers to feet per minute and consistency refers to the weight percent fibers of the web.

MD指纵向和CD指横向。MD means machine direction and CD means cross direction.

辊隙参数包括，没有限制，轧点压力，辊隙长度，支承辊硬度，织物接近角，织物引出角度，均匀性，以及在辊隙的表面之间的速度δ。Nip parameters include, without limitation, nip pressure, nip length, back-up roll stiffness, fabric approach angle, fabric take-off angle, uniformity, and velocity delta between the nip surfaces.

辊隙长度指辊隙表面发生接触的长度。The nip length is the length over which the nip surfaces are in contact.

“在线”和类似术语指不从生产该网幅的造纸机中除去该网幅所进行的工艺步骤。当它在卷绕之前没有切断的情况下被拉伸或压延时，网幅在线拉伸或压延。"On-line" and like terms refer to process steps performed without removing the web from the paper machine on which the web was produced. A web is drawn or calendered in-line when it is drawn or calendered without being cut prior to winding.

移动式转移面指一个表面，该网幅从该表面上起绉进入到该起皱织物中。移动式转移面可以是下面所述的转鼓的表面，或可以是连续光滑运送带的表面或具有表面织构等的另一种移动织物。移动式转移面需要支持该网幅和促进高固体起皱，这可从下面的讨论领会到。Moving transfer surface refers to the surface from which the web is creped into the creping fabric. The moving transfer surface may be the surface of a drum as described below, or may be the surface of a continuous smooth conveyor belt or another moving fabric with a surface texture or the like. A moving transfer surface is required to support the web and facilitate high solids creping, as will be appreciated from the discussion below.

在这里报导的厚度和/或膨松度可以是1，4或8片厚度。各片材被堆叠和在堆叠体的中心部分上进行厚度测量。优选，试验样品在23℃±1.0℃(73.4°±1.8°F)的氛围中在50％相对湿度下调理至少约2小时，和然后用Thwing-Albert Model 89-II-JR或ProgageElectronic Thickness Tester，以2-英寸(50.8-mm)直径测砧，539±10克净荷重和0.231英寸/秒下降率进行测量。对于成品试验，每片的试验产品必须具有与销售产品相同的层数。对于通常的试验，选择八个片材并堆叠在一起。对于卫生巾试验，在堆叠之前将卫生巾展开。对于从绕线器上退绕的基片试验，所试验的各片材必须具有与从绕线器上退绕生产的相同层数。因为从造纸机卷筒上松下的基片试验，必须使用单层(single plies)。片材在MD上定向排列被堆叠在一起。在通常的压花或印刷产品上，如果完全有可能的话，在这些区域中避免进行测量。膨松度也能够通过将厚度除以基重，以体积/重量的单位表达。The caliper and/or bulk reported herein may be 1, 4 or 8 sheet thickness. The sheets were stacked and thickness measurements were taken on the center portion of the stack. Preferably, the test sample is conditioned for at least about 2 hours at 50% relative humidity in an atmosphere at 23°C ± 1.0°C (73.4° ± 1.8°F), and then tested with a Thwing-Albert Model 89-II-JR or Progage Electronic Thickness Tester, Measured on a 2-inch (50.8-mm) diameter anvil, 539 ± 10 gram payload, and 0.231 inch/second drop rate. For finished product testing, each piece of test product must have the same number of layers as the sales product. For a typical test, eight sheets are selected and stacked together. For the sanitary napkin test, the sanitary napkins were unfolded prior to stacking. For testing of substrates unwound from the winder, each sheet tested must have the same number of layers as produced unwinding from the winder. For Matsushita's substrate testing from paper machine rolls, single plies must be used. Sheets are stacked together in an MD alignment. On usual embossed or printed products avoid taking measurements in these areas if at all possible. Bulk can also be expressed in volume/weight units by dividing caliper by basis weight.

干拉强度(MD和CD)，拉伸率，它们的比率，模量，破裂模量，应力和应变是用标准Instron试验设备或可以各种方式构型设计的其它合适伸长拉伸试验机来测量的，典型地使用在50％相对湿度和23℃(73.4°F)下调理过的薄织物或手巾的3或1英寸宽的带材，其中拉伸试验在2英寸/分钟的十字头速度下进行。Dry tensile strength (MD and CD), tensile ratios, their ratios, modulus, modulus of rupture, stress and strain are measured using standard Instron testing equipment or other suitable elongation tensile testing machines which can be configured in various ways To be measured, typically using a 3 or 1 inch wide strip of tissue or towel conditioned at 50% relative humidity and 23°C (73.4°F), where the tensile test is at a crosshead of 2 inches/minute at speed.

拉伸比率简单地是由前述方法测定的数值的比率。拉伸比率指MD/CD干拉伸比率，除非另有说明。除非另作说明，拉伸性能是干片材性能。拉伸强度有时简称为拉伸。除非另作说明，断裂拉伸强度，拉伸等在这里报道。The stretch ratio is simply the ratio of the values measured by the aforementioned method. Stretch ratios refer to MD/CD dry draw ratios unless otherwise stated. Tensile properties are dry sheet properties unless otherwise stated. Tensile strength is sometimes simply referred to as tensile. Unless otherwise stated, tensile strength at break, elongation, etc. are reported here.

“织物起绉比率”是在起皱织物和成型丝网(forming wire)之间的速度差的表达并且典型地作为紧接着在起皱之前的网幅速度与紧接着在起皱之后的网幅速度的比率来计算，因为成型丝网和转移面典型地但不一定地在同一速度下操作：The "fabric creping ratio" is an expression of the speed difference between the creping fabric and the forming wire and is typically expressed as the web speed immediately before creping versus the web speed immediately after creping. The speed ratio is calculated because the forming screen and the transfer surface typically but not necessarily operate at the same speed:

织物起绉比率＝转移圆筒速度÷起皱织物速度Fabric creping ratio = transfer cylinder speed ÷ creping fabric speed

织物起绉也能够表达为按照下式计算的百分比：Fabric crepe can also be expressed as a percentage calculated according to the following formula:

织物起绉，百分数＝[织物起绉比率-1]×100％Fabric crepe, percentage = [fabric crepe ratio - 1] × 100%

线起绉(有时称为整个起绉)，卷筒起绉等等类似地按以下所讨论的方式来计算。Line crepe (sometimes called whole crepe), roll crepe, etc. are similarly calculated in the manner discussed below.

PLI或pli指磅力/每线性英寸。PLI or pli means pounds force per linear inch.

“主要”指大于约50％，典型地按重量；当关于纤维时按完全干燥的基础。"Mainly" means greater than about 50%, typically by weight; when referring to fibers, on a completely dry basis.

有时称为P+J的Pusey和Jones(P+J)硬度(凹陷)是根据ASTM D531测量的，并且指凹陷数(标准试样和条件)。The Pusey and Jones (P+J) hardness (indentation), sometimes called P+J, is measured according to ASTM D531 and refers to the number of indentations (standard specimen and condition).

速度δ指线速度的差异。Velocity δ refers to the difference in linear velocity.

下面所述的空隙体积和/或空隙体积比率是通过用非极性

液体饱和试样片材和测量所吸收的液体的量来测定的。所吸收的液体的体积等价于在片材结构内的空隙体积。该百分重量增加(PWI)表示为所吸收液体的克数/每克的在片材结构中的纤维再乘以100，如以下所表示。更具体地说，对于所试验的各单层片材样品，选择8个片材和裁切成1英寸×1英寸正方形(在纵向上1英寸和在横向上1英寸)。对于多层产品样品，各层是作为独立实体来测量的。多层样品应该从用于试验的各层位置上分离成独立的各单层和共8个片材。称量和记录各试样的干燥重量，精确至0.0001克。将试样置于含有比重为1.875克/每立方厘米的

液体(可从CoulterElectronics Ltd.，Northwell Drive，Luton，Beds，England；PartNo.9902458获得)的盘子中。在10秒后，用镊子在一个角的非常小的边缘(1-2毫米)夹起该试样并从液体中取出。让该角在最上面来夹持该试样，让过量液体经过30秒滴淌掉。将试样的较低角轻轻地接触(低于1/2秒接触)在#4滤纸(Whatman Lt.，Maidstone，England)上，以除去任何过量的最后部分液滴。立即称量该试样，在10秒之内，记录该重量精确至0.0001克。各试样的PWI，表示为

液体的克数/每克的纤维，计算如下：Void volumes and/or void volume ratios stated below are obtained by using non-polar

Determined by liquid saturation of the sample sheet and measuring the amount of liquid absorbed. The volume of liquid absorbed is equivalent to the void volume within the sheet structure. The percent weight gain (PWI) is expressed as grams of liquid absorbed per gram of fibers in the sheet structure multiplied by 100, as expressed below. More specifically, for each single-ply sheet sample tested, 8 sheets were selected and cut into 1 inch by 1 inch squares (1 inch in the machine direction and 1 inch in the cross direction). For multilayer product samples, each layer is measured as a separate entity. Multilayer samples shall be separated into individual individual layers and a total of 8 sheets from each layer location used for testing. Weigh and record the dry weight of each sample to the nearest 0.0001 gram. Place the sample in a container with a specific gravity of 1.875 g/cm3

Liquid (available from Coulter Electronics Ltd., Northwell Drive, Luton, Beds, England; Part No. 9902458). After 10 seconds, the sample was picked up with tweezers at a very small edge (1-2 mm) in one corner and removed from the liquid. Hold the specimen with the corner uppermost and allow excess liquid to drip off over 30 seconds. The lower corner of the sample was lightly touched (less than 1/2 second touch) on #4 filter paper (Whatman Lt., Maidstone, England) to remove any excess last fraction of the droplets. Immediately weigh the sample, and within 10 seconds, record the weight to the nearest 0.0001 gram. The PWI of each sample, expressed as

Grams of liquid per gram of fiber, calculated as follows:

PWI＝[(W₂-W₁)/W₁]X100％PWI＝[(W₂ -W₁ )/W₁ ]X100%

其中in

“W₁”是试样的干重，以克计；和"W₁ " is the dry weight of the sample in grams; and

“W₂”是试样的湿重，以克计。"_W2 " is the wet weight of the sample in grams.

全部八个独立试样的PWI按照以上所述方法来测定，八个试样的平均值是样品的PWI。The PWI of all eight independent samples was determined as described above, and the average of the eight samples was the PWI of the sample.

该空隙体积比率是通过将PWI除以1.9(流体的密度)将所得比率表达为百分数来计算的，而空隙体积(gms/gm)简单地是重量增加率；即，PWI除以100。The void volume ratio is calculated by dividing PWI by 1.9 (the density of the fluid) and expressing the ratio as a percentage, while the void volume (gms/gm) is simply the rate of weight gain; ie, PWI divided by 100.

根据本发明，吸收性纸幅是通过将造纸纤维分散到水性供料(淤浆)中并将该水性供料沉积到造纸机器的成型丝网上来制备的，典型地经由从流料箱流出的喷流。任何合适的成型流程都可以使用。例如，除了弗德林尼尔造纸机成形器之外的广泛但非穷举的清单包括新月形成形器，C-形包裹双丝网成形器，S-形包裹双丝网成形器，或吸取胸辊成形器。该成形织物能够是任何合适多孔单元，其中包括单层织物，双层织物，三层织物，光聚合物织物，等等。在成形织物领域中的非穷举的背景技术包括美国专利No.4,157,276；4,605,585；4,161,195；3,545,705；3,549,742；3,858,623；4,041,989；4,071,050；4,112,982；4,149,571；4,182,381；4,184,519；4,314,589；4,359,069；4,376,455；4,379,735；4,453,573；4,564,052；4,592,395；4,611,639；4,640,741；4,709,732；4,759,391；4,759,976；4,942,077；4,967,085；4,998,568；5,016,678；5,054,525；5,066,532；5,098,519；5,103,874；5,114,777；5,167,261；5,199,261；5,199,467；5,211,815；5,219,004；5,245,025；5,277,761；5,328,565；和5,379,808，全部这些专利以它们的全部内容被引入这里供参考。特别为本发明可使用的一种成形织物是由Voith Fabrics Corporation，Shreveport，LA制得的Voith织物系列成形织物2164。According to the present invention, absorbent paper webs are prepared by dispersing papermaking fibers into an aqueous feed (slurry) and depositing the aqueous feed onto the forming wire of a papermaking machine, typically via a jet stream. Any suitable forming process can be used. For example, an extensive but non-exhaustive list other than Frederinier paper machine formers includes a crescent former, a C-wrap twin wire former, an S-wrap twin wire former, or Suction breast roll former. The forming fabric can be any suitable porous unit, including single layer fabrics, double layer fabrics, triple layer fabrics, photopolymer fabrics, and the like.在成形织物领域中的非穷举的背景技术包括美国专利No.4,157,276；4,605,585；4,161,195；3,545,705；3,549,742；3,858,623；4,041,989；4,071,050；4,112,982；4,149,571；4,182,381；4,184,519；4,314,589；4,359,069；4,376,455；4,379,735；4,453,573 ；4,564,052；4,592,395；4,611,639；4,640,741；4,709,732；4,759,391；4,759,976；4,942,077；4,967,085；4,998,568；5,016,678；5,054,525；5,066,532；5,098,519；5,103,874；5,114,777；5,167,261；5,199,261；5,199,467；5,211,815；5,219,004；5,245,025；5,277,761；5,328,565；和5,379,808, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. One forming fabric that is particularly useful with the present invention is Voith Fabrics Series forming fabric 2164 manufactured by Voith Fabrics Corporation, Shreveport, LA.

水性供料在成型丝网或织物上的泡沫形成法可以用作控制片材在织物起皱之后的渗透性或空隙体积的手段。泡沫体形成技术已公开在美国专利No.4,543,156和加拿大专利No.2,053,505中，它们的公开内容被引入这里供参考。发泡的纤维供料是由纤维与发泡的液体载体混合所得的水性淤浆制成，刚好在后者被引入到流料箱中之前。提供到该系统中的该纸浆淤浆具有在约0.5重量百分数至约7重量百分数纤维之间，优选在约2.5重量百分数至约4.5重量百分数之间的稠度。该纸浆淤浆被添加到含有50-80％空气(按体积)的包括水，空气和表面活性剂的起泡液中，利用来自自然紊流的简单混合作用和在处理部件中所固有的混合作用来形成具有在约0.1wt％至约3wt％纤维的范围内的稠度的起泡纤维供料。该纸浆作为低稠度淤浆的添加会导致从成型丝网中回收过量的起泡液。过量的起泡液从系统中排出并可以在其它地方使用或经过处理从中回收表面活性剂。Foam formation of an aqueous feed onto a forming wire or fabric can be used as a means of controlling the permeability or void volume of the sheet after fabric creping. Foam forming techniques are disclosed in US Patent No. 4,543,156 and Canadian Patent No. 2,053,505, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. The foamed fiber feed is made from an aqueous slurry of fibers mixed with a foamed liquid carrier just before the latter is introduced into the headbox. The pulp slurry provided to the system has a consistency between about 0.5 weight percent to about 7 weight percent fibers, preferably between about 2.5 weight percent to about 4.5 weight percent. The pulp slurry is added to a frother comprising water, air and surfactants containing 50-80% air (by volume) using simple mixing action from natural turbulence and mixing inherent in the processing unit Acts to form a foamed fiber feed having a consistency in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt% fibers. Addition of this pulp as a low consistency slurry results in excess foaming liquor being recovered from the forming wire. Excess foaming fluid is drained from the system and can be used elsewhere or processed to recover surfactant therefrom.

该供料可含有化学添加剂来改变所生产的纸的物理性能。这些化学品能够由本领域中技术人员很好地理解并且可以按照任何已知的结合方式来使用。此类添加剂可以是表面改性剂，软化剂，解粘剂，强度助剂，胶乳，不透明剂，荧光增白剂，染料，颜料，施胶剂，阻隔性化学品，助留剂，减溶剂，有机或无机交联剂，或它们的结合物；这些化学品任选地包括多元醇，淀粉，PPG酯，PEG酯，磷脂，表面活性剂，多胺，HMCP等等。The furnish may contain chemical additives to alter the physical properties of the paper produced. These chemicals are well understood by those skilled in the art and may be used in any known combination. Such additives can be surface modifiers, softeners, debonders, strength aids, latexes, opacifiers, optical brighteners, dyes, pigments, sizing agents, barrier chemicals, retention aids, solubilizers , organic or inorganic crosslinking agents, or combinations thereof; these chemicals optionally include polyols, starches, PPG esters, PEG esters, phospholipids, surfactants, polyamines, HMCP, and the like.

该纸浆能够与强度调节剂如湿强度剂，干强度剂和解粘剂/软化剂等等混合。合适的湿强度剂是本领域中技术人员已知的。有用的强度助剂的全面但非穷举的清单包括脲甲醛树脂，三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，乙醛酸化聚丙烯酰胺树脂，聚酰胺-表氯醇树脂等等。热固性聚丙烯酰胺是通过如下生产的：让丙烯酰胺与二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DADMAC)反应生产出阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺共聚物，它最终与乙二醛反应生产出阳离子交联湿强度树脂，乙醛酸化聚丙烯酰胺。这些材料一般描述在授权于Coscia等人的美国专利No 3,556,932和授权于Williams等人的美国专利No 3,556,933中，其中两者都以全部内容引入这里供公开。这一类型的树脂是由Bayer Corporation以PAREZ 631NC商品名销售。不同摩尔比的丙烯酰胺/-DADMAC/乙二醛可用于生产交联树脂，它可用作湿强度剂。此外，其它二醛能够代替乙二醛来产生热固性湿强度特性。特别有用的是聚酰胺-表氯醇湿强度树脂，它的例子是由HerculesIncorporated of Wilmington，Delaware以商品名Kymene 557LX和Kymene 557H和由Georgia-Pacific Resins，Inc以商品名

销售。这些树脂和制造该树脂的方法已描述在美国专利No.3,700,623和美国专利No.3,772,076中，每个专利以全部内容引入这里供参考。聚合物-表卤代醇树脂的广泛描述已给出在Chapter 2：Alkaline-Curing Polymeric Amine-Epichlorohydrin，由Espy在Wet StrengthResins and Their Application(L.Chan，Editor，1994)之中，该文献以全部内容被引入这里供参考。湿强度树脂的适度综合目录由Westfelt描述在Cellulose Chemistry and Technology，13卷，p.813，1979，它被引入这里供参考。The pulp can be mixed with strength modifiers such as wet strength agents, dry strength agents and debonders/softeners, among others. Suitable wet strength agents are known to those skilled in the art. A comprehensive but non-exhaustive list of useful strength aids includes urea formaldehyde resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, glyoxylated polyacrylamide resins, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins, and the like. Thermosetting polyacrylamides are produced by reacting acrylamide with diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) to produce a cationic polyacrylamide copolymer, which is finally reacted with glyoxal to produce cationic crosslinks Wet strength resin, glyoxylated polyacrylamide. These materials are generally described in US Patent Nos. 3,556,932 to Coscia et al. and US Patent Nos. 3,556,933 to Williams et al., both of which are incorporated herein by disclosure in their entirety. A resin of this type is sold under the tradename PAREZ 631NC by Bayer Corporation. Different molar ratios of acrylamide/-DADMAC/glyoxal can be used to produce crosslinked resins, which can be used as wet strength agents. In addition, other dialdehydes can replace glyoxal to produce thermoset wet strength properties. Particularly useful are polyamide-epichlorohydrin wet strength resins, examples of which are sold by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware under the tradenames Kymene 557LX and Kymene 557H and by Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc under the tradename

Sale. These resins and methods of making the resins are described in US Patent No. 3,700,623 and US Patent No. 3,772,076, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. An extensive description of polymer-epihalohydrin resins is given in Chapter 2: Alkaline-Curing Polymeric Amine-Epichlorohydrin, by Espy in Wet Strength Resins and Their Application (L. Chan, Editor, 1994), cited in its entirety The content is incorporated here for reference. A moderately comprehensive list of wet strength resins is described by Westfelt in Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, Volume 13, p. 813, 1979, which is incorporated herein by reference.

合适的临时湿强度剂同样地可以包括。有用的临时湿强度剂的全面但穷举的清单包括脂肪族和芳族醛，其中包括乙二醛，丙二醛，丁二醛，戊二醛和双醛淀粉，以及取代的或反应的淀粉，二糖，多糖，脱乙酰壳多糖，或具有醛基和任选的氮基团的单体或聚合物的其它已反应聚合物反应产物。适宜地与含醛的单体或聚合物反应的代表性含氮的聚合物，包括乙烯基-酰胺，丙烯酰胺和相关含氮的聚合物。这些聚合物为含有醛的反应产物赋予正电荷。另外，其它从市场上可买到的临时湿强度剂，如由Bayer制造的PAREZ 745，与例如在美国专利No.4,605,702中公开的那些一起，都能够使用。Suitable temporary wet strength agents may likewise be included. A comprehensive but exhaustive list of useful temporary wet strength agents includes aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, including glyoxal, malondialdehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starches, and substituted or reacted starches , disaccharides, polysaccharides, chitosan, or other reacted polymeric reaction products of monomers or polymers having aldehyde groups and optionally nitrogen groups. Representative nitrogen-containing polymers suitably reacted with aldehyde-containing monomers or polymers include vinyl-amides, acrylamides and related nitrogen-containing polymers. These polymers impart a positive charge to aldehyde-containing reaction products. Additionally, other commercially available temporary wet strength agents, such as PAREZ 745 manufactured by Bayer, can be used, along with, for example, those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,605,702.

该临时湿强度树脂可以是包括用于提高纸类产品的干和湿抗拉强度的醛单元和阳离子单元的各种水溶性有机聚合物之中的任何一种。此类树脂已描述在美国专利No 4,675,394；5,240,562；5,138,002；5,085,736；4,981,557；5,008,344；4,603,176；4,983,748；4,866,151；4,804,769和5,217,576中。可以使用由National Starchand Chemical Company of Bridgewater，N.J.以商标CO-

1000和CO-

1000 Plus销售的改性淀粉。在使用以前，该阳离子醛式水溶性聚合物能够通过将维持在大约240华氏度的温度和约2.7的pH下的大约5％固体的水性淤浆预热大约3.5分钟来制备。最后，该淤浆能够通过添加水来骤冷和稀释，生产在低于约130华氏度下大约1.0％固体的混合物。The temporary wet strength resin may be any of a variety of water-soluble organic polymers including aldehyde units and cationic units for increasing the dry and wet tensile strength of paper products. Such resins have been described in US Patent Nos. 4,675,394; 5,240,562; 5,138,002; 5,085,736; 4,981,557; Available under the trademark CO-

1000 and co-

Modified starches sold by 1000 Plus. The cationic aldehyde water soluble polymer can be prepared by preheating an aqueous slurry of about 5% solids maintained at a temperature of about 240 degrees Fahrenheit and a pH of about 2.7 for about 3.5 minutes prior to use. Finally, the slurry can be quenched and diluted by adding water, producing a mixture of about 1.0% solids at less than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit.

也可从National Starch and Chemical Company获得的其它临时湿强度剂是以商标CO-

1600和CO-2300销售的。这些淀粉是作为胶态水分散体提供并且在使用之前不需要预热。Other temporary wet strength agents also available from National Starch and Chemical Company are under the trademark CO-

1600 and co- 2300 for sale. These starches are supplied as colloidal aqueous dispersions and do not require preheating prior to use.

能够使用临时湿强度剂如乙醛酸化聚丙烯酰胺。临时湿强度剂如乙醛酸化聚丙烯酰胺树脂是通过如下生产的：让丙烯酰胺与二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DADMAC)反应生产出阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺共聚物，它最终与乙二醛反应生产出阳离子交联临时性或半永久性湿强度树脂，乙醛酸化聚丙烯酰胺。这些材料一般描述在授权于Coscia等人的美国专利No 3,556,932和授权于Williams等人的美国专利No 3,556,933中，其中两者都以全部内容引入这里供公开。这一类型的树脂是由Bayer Industries以PAREZ 631NC商品名销售。不同摩尔比的丙烯酰胺/DADMAC/乙二醛可用于生产交联树脂，它可用作湿强度剂。此外，其它二醛能够代替乙二醛来产生湿强度特性。Temporary wet strength agents such as glyoxylated polyacrylamides can be used. Temporary wet strength agents such as glyoxylated polyacrylamide resins are produced by reacting acrylamide with diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) to produce cationic polyacrylamide copolymers, which are eventually combined with ethyl Dialdehydes are reacted to produce cationic crosslinked temporary or semi-permanent wet strength resins, glyoxylated polyacrylamides. These materials are generally described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,556,932 to Coscia et al. and U.S. Patent Nos. 3,556,933 to Williams et al., both of which are incorporated herein for disclosure in their entirety. A resin of this type is sold by Bayer Industries under the tradename PAREZ 631NC. Different molar ratios of acrylamide/DADMAC/glyoxal can be used to produce cross-linked resins, which can be used as wet strength agents. In addition, other dialdehydes can replace glyoxal to produce wet strength properties.

合适干强度剂包括淀粉，瓜尔胶，聚丙烯酰胺，羧甲基纤维素等等。特别有用的是羧甲基纤维素，它的例子是由HerculesIncorporated of Wilmington，Delaware以商品名Hercules CMC销售的。根据一个实施方案，该纸浆可以含有约0-约15磅/吨的干强度剂。根据另一个实施方案，该纸浆可以含有约1-约5磅/吨的干强度剂。Suitable dry strength agents include starch, guar gum, polyacrylamide, carboxymethylcellulose, and the like. Particularly useful is carboxymethylcellulose, an example of which is sold under the tradename Hercules CMC by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware. According to one embodiment, the pulp may contain from about 0 to about 15 lbs/ton dry strength agent. According to another embodiment, the pulp may contain from about 1 to about 5 lbs/ton dry strength agent.

合适的解粘剂同样地是本领域中技术人员已知的。解粘剂或软化剂也可以被引入到纸浆中或在网幅形成之后喷雾在网幅上。本发明也可以与软化剂材料一起使用，后者包括但不限于从部分地酸中和的胺衍生的酰胺基胺盐类型。此类材料已公开在美国专利No.4,720,383中。Evans，Chemistry and Industry，5 July 1969，pp.893-903；Egan，J.Am.Oil Chemist’s Soc.，Vol.55(1978)，pp.118-121；和Trivedi等人，J.Am.Oil Chemist’s Soc.，June 1981，pp.754-756，以它们的全部内容引入这里供参考，指明软化剂常常仅仅作为复杂混合物，而不是作为单一化合物来商购获得。尽管下面的讨论集中于主要品种，但应该理解，实际上一般能够使用市场上可买到的混合物。Suitable debonding agents are likewise known to those skilled in the art. Debonders or softeners may also be introduced into the pulp or sprayed onto the web after web formation. The present invention may also be used with softener materials including, but not limited to, amidoamine salt types derived from partially acid-neutralized amines. Such materials are disclosed in US Patent No. 4,720,383. Evans, Chemistry and Industry, 5 July 1969, pp.893-903; Egan,J.Am.Oil Chemist's Soc ., Vol.55(1978), pp.118-121; and Trivedi et al., J.Am.Oil Chemist's Soc., June 1981, pp. 754-756, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, indicates that softeners are often only commercially available as complex mixtures, rather than as single compounds. Although the following discussion focuses on the main species, it should be understood that in practice commercially available blends can generally be used.

Quasoft 202-JR是合适的软化剂材料，它可以通过将油酸和二亚乙基三胺的缩合产物加以烷基化来形成。使用不足的烷基化剂(例如，硫酸二乙酯)和仅仅一个烷基化步骤，随后进行pH调节以使非乙基化物质质子化的合成条件将得到由阳离子乙基化和阳离子非乙基化物质组成的混合物。较少比例(例如，约10％)的所得酰胺基胺会环化得到咪唑啉化合物。因为这些材料的仅仅咪唑啉部分是季铵化合物，在组成上总体是pH-敏感的。因此，在使用这一类型的化学品的本发明实施中，在流料箱中的pH应该是大约6到8，更优选6到7和最优选6.5到7。Quasoft 202-JR is a suitable softener material which can be formed by alkylation of the condensation product of oleic acid and diethylenetriamine. Synthetic conditions using insufficient alkylating agent (e.g., diethyl sulfate) and only one alkylation step followed by pH adjustment to protonate the non-ethylated species will result in a combination of cationic ethylated and cationic non-ethylated species. A mixture of base substances. A minor proportion (eg, about 10%) of the resulting amidoamine will cyclize to the imidazoline compound. Since the only imidazoline portion of these materials is a quaternary ammonium compound, the composition is overall pH-sensitive. Thus, in the practice of the invention using this type of chemistry, the pH in the headbox should be about 6 to 8, more preferably 6 to 7 and most preferably 6.5 to 7.

季铵化合物，如二烷基二甲基季铵盐也是合适的，特别当该烷基含有约10到24个碳原子时。这些化合物的优点是对于pH相对不敏感。Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as dialkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salts are also suitable, especially when the alkyl group contains about 10 to 24 carbon atoms. These compounds have the advantage of being relatively insensitive to pH.

能够使用可生物降解的软化剂。代表性可生物降解的阳离子型软化剂/解粘剂已公开在美国专利No 5,312,522；5,415,737；5,262,007；5,264,082；和5,223,096中，所有的这些专利以全部内容引入在这里供参考。化合物是季铵化合物的可生物降解的二酯，季铵化的胺-酯，和用季铵氯化物和二酯双二十二烷基二甲基氯化铵官能化的可生物降解的植物油型酯，并且是代表性的可生物降解的软化剂。Ability to use biodegradable softeners. Representative biodegradable cationic softeners/detackifiers are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,312,522; 5,415,737; 5,262,007; 5,264,082; and 5,223,096, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Compounds are biodegradable diesters of quaternary ammonium compounds, quaternized amine-esters, and biodegradable vegetable oils functionalized with quaternary ammonium chloride and diester dibehenyldimethylammonium chloride type ester, and is a representative biodegradable softener.

在一些实施方案中，特别优选的解粘剂组合物包括季属胺组分以及非离子表面活性剂。In some embodiments, particularly preferred debonder compositions include a quaternary amine component and a nonionic surfactant.

该初生网幅典型地在造纸毡上脱水。任何合适的毡都可以使用。例如，毡可具有双层基础编织物，三层基础编织物，和层压基础编织物。优选的毡是具有层压基础编织设计的那些。对于本发明特别有用的湿压制毡是由Voith Fabric制造的Vector 3。在压制毡领域中的背景技术包括美国专利No 5,657,797；5,368,696；4,973,512；5,023,132；5,225,269；5,182,164；5,372,876；和5,618,612。公开在Curran等人的美国专利No.4,533,437中的不同压毡同样地可以使用。The nascent web is typically dewatered on a papermaking felt. Any suitable felt can be used. For example, the felt can have a double base weave, a three layer base weave, and a laminated base weave. Preferred felts are those with a laminated base weave design. A particularly useful wet-pressed felt for the present invention isVector 3 manufactured by Voith Fabric. Background art in the field of press felts includes U.S. Patent Nos. 5,657,797; 5,368,696; 4,973,512; 5,023,132; 5,225,269; 5,182,164; The different press felts disclosed in US Patent No. 4,533,437 to Curran et al. can likewise be used.

任何合适起皱传送带或织物都可以使用。合适的起皱织物包括单层，多层，或复合的、优选开孔的结构。织物可具有下列特性中的至少一种：(1)在起皱织物的与湿网幅接触的一侧(“顶”侧)上，纵向(MD)线条的数量/每英寸(目数)是10到200和横向(CD)线条的数量/每英寸(织物经纬密度)也是10到200；(2)线条直径典型地小于0.050英寸；(3)在顶侧上，在MD关节的最高点与CD关节的最高点之间的距离是约0.001英寸到约0.02或0.03英寸；(4)在这两层面之间有在湿模塑步骤中通过MD或CD线条形成的关节，给予该片材以外形结构，为三维山/谷外观；(5)该织物能够以任何合适的方式取向以便实现对于产品的加工和对于产品的性能而言的预期效果；长的经线关节可以在顶侧上以增大在产品中的MD脊，或长的纬线关节可以在顶侧上，如果在网幅从转移圆筒转移到起皱织物上时希望有更多的CD脊影响起皱特性的话；和(6)该织物制成为显示出悦目的某些几何图案，该图案典型地在每两个到50个经纱之间重复。合适的商购的粗糙织物包括由Voith Fabrics制造的多种织物。Any suitable creping belt or fabric can be used. Suitable creping fabrics include single-ply, multi-ply, or composite, preferably open-cell structures. The fabric may have at least one of the following properties: (1) On the side of the creping fabric that contacts the wet web (the "top" side), the number of machine direction (MD) lines per inch (mesh) is 10 to 200 and the number of cross direction (CD) threads per inch (thread count) is also 10 to 200; (2) thread diameters are typically less than 0.050 inches; (3) on the top side, at the highest point of the MD joint with The distance between the highest points of the CD knuckles is about 0.001 inches to about 0.02 or 0.03 inches; (4) there are knuckles formed between the two layers by MD or CD lines during the wet molding step, giving the sheet other than shaped structure, which is a three-dimensional mountain/valley appearance; (5) the fabric can be oriented in any suitable manner in order to achieve the desired effect on the processing of the product and on the performance of the product; long warp knuckles can be on the top side to increase Large in-product MD ridges, or long weft knuckles can be on the top side if more CD ridges are desired to affect creping characteristics as the web is transferred from the transfer cylinder to the creping fabric; and (6 ) The fabric is made to exhibit some pleasing geometric pattern that typically repeats between every two to 50 warp threads. Suitable commercially available scrims include a variety of fabrics manufactured by Voith Fabrics.

该起皱织物因此可以属于在Farrington等人的美国专利No.5,607,551第7-8栏中描述的类型，以及描述在Trokhan的美国专利No.4,239,065和Ayers的美国专利No.3,974,025中的织物类型。此类织物可具有约20到约60网眼/每英寸并且是从直径典型为约0.008英寸到约0.025英寸的单丝聚合物纤维形成的。经纬单丝两者可以，但不一定地具有相同的直径。The creping fabric may thus be of the type described in US Patent No. 5,607,551 to Farrington et al., columns 7-8, as well as the fabric types described in US Patent No. 4,239,065 to Trokhan and US Patent No. 3,974,025 to Ayers. Such fabrics may have from about 20 to about 60 meshes per inch and are formed from monofilament polymeric fibers typically having a diameter of about 0.008 inches to about 0.025 inches. Both warp and weft monofilaments may, but need not, have the same diameter.

在一些情况下该长丝经过编织和至少在Z-方向(该织物的厚度)上互补迂回构型设计，可以获得第一组或阵列的两组长丝的共平面型顶面-平面交叉；和预定第二组或阵列的亚顶面交叉。这些阵列是散布的，这样顶面-平面交叉的各个部分在织物的顶面中限定了一排的柳条吊篮状空腔，这些空腔在纵向(MD)和横向(CD)上以交错排列关系配置，和因此各空腔覆盖了至少一个亚顶面交叉。这些空腔通过包括多个顶面-平面交叉的各部分的桩状轮廓离散地在视野中包围在平面视图中。织物的环可以包括热塑性材料的热定形单丝；共平面型顶面-平面交叉的顶面可以是单平面的平整表面。本发明的特定实施方案包括缎纹编织物以及三个或更多个梭口的杂混纹编织物，和约10×10到约120×120根长丝/每英寸(4×4到约47×47/每厘米)的网孔支数。虽然网孔支数的优选范围是约18×16到约55×48根长丝/每英寸(9×8到约22×19/每厘米)。In some cases the filaments are braided and configured with complementary detours at least in the Z-direction (thickness of the fabric) to obtain a coplanar top-plane intersection of the first set or array of two sets of filaments; Intersecting the sub-top surface of the predetermined second set or array. These arrays are interspersed such that the sections of the top-plane intersection define a row of wicker basket-like cavities in the top surface of the fabric arranged in a staggered pattern in the machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD). relational configuration, and thus each cavity covers at least one sub-top intersection. These cavities are discretely bounded in plan view in the field of view by pile-like contours comprising sections of a plurality of top-plane intersections. The loops of fabric may comprise heat-set monofilaments of thermoplastic material; the coplanar top surface - the top surface of the planar intersection may be a single planar flat surface. Particular embodiments of the present invention include satin weaves and hybrid weave weaves of three or more sheds, and about 10×10 to about 120×120 filaments per inch (4×4 to about 47× 47/cm) mesh count. Although the preferred range for mesh count is about 18x16 to about 55x48 filaments/inch (9x8 to about 22x19/cm).

代替压印织物，干燥器织物可以用作起皱织物，如果希望这样的话。合适织物已描述在授权于Lee的美国专利No 5,449,026(编织式样)和5,690,149(堆叠MD扁纱式样)以及授权于Smith的美国专利No.4,490,925(螺旋形式样)。Instead of embossed fabrics, dryer fabrics can be used as creping fabrics, if so desired. Suitable fabrics are described in US Patent Nos. 5,449,026 (woven style) and 5,690,149 (stacked MD flat yarn style) to Lee and US Patent No. 4,490,925 (spiral style) to Smith.

在杨克圆筒上使用的起皱粘合剂优选能够在中等水分下与该网幅配合以便促进从起皱织物上转移到该杨克圆筒上并且当它在圆筒上被干燥(优选用高容量干燥罩)到95％或更高的稠度时牢固地将该网幅固定到杨克圆筒上。该粘合剂对于在高生产率下的稳定系统操作是关键的并且是一种吸湿性、可再润湿的、基本上非交联的粘合剂。优选粘合剂的例子是包括在Soerens等人的美国专利No.4,528,316中描述的一般类型的聚(乙烯醇)。其它合适粘合剂已公开在2002年4月12日提交的标题为“Improved Creping Adhesive Modifier andProcess for Producing Paper Products”的悬而未决的美国临时专利申请序列号No.60/372,255(代理人案卷No.2394)。‘316专利和’255申请的公开内容被引入这里供参考。合适的粘合剂任选在其中提供改性剂等等。在很多情况下优选在粘合剂中少量地或根本不使用交联剂；使得该树脂在使用中基本上是不可交联的。The creping adhesive used on the Yankee cylinder is preferably capable of cooperating with the web at moderate moisture to facilitate transfer from the creping fabric to the Yankee cylinder and when it is dried on the cylinder (preferably with a high volume drying Cover) to a consistency of 95% or higher to securely secure the web to the Yankee cylinder. The adhesive is critical for stable system operation at high production rates and is a hygroscopic, rewettable, substantially non-crosslinked adhesive. Examples of preferred binders include poly(vinyl alcohol)s of the general type described in US Patent No. 4,528,316 to Soerens et al. Other suitable adhesives are disclosed in co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/372,255, entitled "Improved Creping Adhesive Modifier and Process for Producing Paper Products," filed April 12, 2002 (Attorney Docket No. 2394 ). The disclosures of the '316 patent and the '255 application are incorporated herein by reference. Suitable binders optionally provide modifiers and the like therein. In many cases it is preferred to use little or no crosslinking agent in the adhesive; such that the resin is substantially non-crosslinkable in use.

本发明参考附图，尤其图1和2来评价。图1显示了沿着织物起绉的片材10的MD方向的横截面(120X)，示出了纤维富集的、伞形的区域12。可以看出该网幅具有与纵向之间横向的微型褶皱，即脊或折皱在CD上延伸(进入照片中)。将会认识到，纤维富集区域12的纤维具有在CD上偏向的取向，尤其在区域12的右侧，其中该网幅接触起皱织物的关节。该喷流/成型丝网速度δ(喷流速度-丝网速度)对于拉伸比率有重要影响，这可从图2中看出；该影响明显不同于在普通湿压产品中见到的影响。The invention is evaluated with reference to the drawings, in particular FIGS. 1 and 2 . Figure 1 shows a cross-section (120X) along the MD of a fabric-creped sheet 10 showing fiber-enriched, umbrella-shapedregions 12. It can be seen that the web has microfolds transverse to the machine direction, ie ridges or folds running across the CD (into the photo). It will be appreciated that the fibers of fiber enrichedregion 12 have a biased orientation in CD, especially to the right ofregion 12 where the web contacts the knuckles of the creping fabric. The jet/forming wire speed δ (jet speed - wire speed) has a significant influence on the draw ratio, which can be seen in Figure 2; this effect is clearly different from that seen in normal wet pressed products .

图2是MD/CD拉伸比率(断裂强度)-对-在流料箱喷流速度与成型丝网速度(fpm)之间的差异的曲线图。上面的U形曲线代表普通的湿压制的吸收性片材。下面的、较宽的弯曲代表了本发明的织物起绉的产品。从图2中容易地认识到，根据本发明在喷流/丝网速度δ的宽范围中实现了低于1.5左右的MD/CD拉伸比率，该范围比所示CWP曲线的范围大了两倍以上。因此，流料箱喷流/成型丝网速度的控制可用来实现希望的片材性能。Figure 2 is a graph of MD/CD draw ratio (strength at break) versus the difference between headbox jet velocity and forming wire velocity (fpm). The upper U-shaped curve represents a conventional wet-pressed absorbent sheet. The lower, wider curve represents the fabric-creped product of the present invention. It is readily appreciated from Figure 2 that MD/CD stretch ratios below about 1.5 are achieved according to the invention over a wide range of jet/wire velocity δ, which is two times greater than the range of the CWP curve shown. more than double. Therefore, control of the headbox jet/forming wire speed can be used to achieve desired sheet properties.

从图2中还看出，在正方形以下的MD/CD比率(即低于1)是困难的；如果不是不可能用常规处理获得的话。此外，正方形或以下片材是由本发明形成的，没有大量的纤维聚集物或“絮凝物”，这对于具有低MD/CD拉伸比率的CWP产品来说不是这种情况。这一差异部分地可能归因于为了在CWP产品获得低拉伸比率所需要的较低速度δ并且部分地归因于以下事实：当根据本发明该网幅从转移面上起绉时，纤维再分配在起皱织物上。It is also seen from Figure 2 that MD/CD ratios below square (ie below 1) are difficult; if not impossible to obtain with conventional processing. In addition, square or smaller sheets are formed by the present invention without substantial fiber aggregates or "floes", which is not the case for CWP products with low MD/CD stretch ratios. This difference may be due in part to the lower speed delta required to achieve low draw ratios in CWP products and in part to the fact that when the web is creped from the transfer surface according to the invention, the fibers Redistributed on wrinkled fabric.

在许多产品中，横向性能比MD性能更重要，特别在CD湿强度是关键的商品手巾中。产品报废的主要来源是“选出(tabbing)”或撕去手巾的仅仅一片，而不是预定片材。根据本发明，通过流料箱对成型丝网速度δ的控制以及织物起皱，CD相对拉伸率可以有选择地提高。In many products, CD properties are more important than MD properties, especially in commercial towels where CD wet strength is critical. The primary source of product scrap is "tabbing" or tearing off just one piece of the towel, rather than the intended sheet. According to the present invention, CD relative elongation can be selectively increased through headbox control of forming wire speed δ and fabric creping.

图3是织物起绉网幅的织物侧的显微照片(10X)；在图2中再次看出，片材10具有由较低基重连接区域14连接的多个非常显著的高基重、纤维富集的区域12，后者具有在横向(CD)上偏向取向的纤维，该片材具有在伞形的或纤维富集的区域之间的方向上偏向的纤维取向。FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph (10X) of the fabric side of the fabric-creped web; again seen in FIG. Fiber-enrichedregions 12 having fibers oriented biased in the cross direction (CD), the sheet has fiber orientation biased in the direction between the umbrella-shaped or fiber-enriched regions.

在图1中也看出了取向偏向，尤其对于当在区域12的中心制备试样时已经裁切下该伞形的、纤维富集的区域12的CD偏向纤维的情况。在区域12的左侧，在该连接区域中可以看出，纤维沿着在纤维富集区域之间的纵向上更多地偏向。这些结构特征在图3中在较低放大倍数下也容易观察到，其中在区域14中的纤维偏向在伞形的区域之间延伸。Orientation bias is also seen in FIG. 1 , especially for the CD-biased fibers of the umbrella-shaped, fiber-enrichedregion 12 that had been cut out when the sample was prepared in the center ofregion 12 . To the left ofregion 12 , it can be seen in this connecting region that the fibers are more deflected in the longitudinal direction between the fiber-enriched regions. These structural features are also readily visible at lower magnification in FIG. 3 , where the fiber deflection inregion 14 extends between the umbrella-shaped regions.

图4是适合于实施本发明的具有普通的双丝网成形段17，运转毡19，瓦式加压区16，起皱织物18和杨克式干燥器20的造纸机15的示意图。成形段12包括一对成形用织物22、24，后者由多个辊26，28，30，32，34，36和成形辊38所支持。流料箱40将造纸供料以喷流形式提供给在成形辊38和辊26的辊隙和织物之间的辊隙42。相对于成形用织物的喷流速度的控制是控制拉伸比率的重要方面，这可由本领域中的技术人员认识到。供料形成初生网幅44，后者借助于真空，例如通过真空箱46，在织物上脱水。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of apaper machine 15 having a conventional twin wire forming section 17, running felt 19,shoe press zone 16,creping fabric 18 andYankee dryer 20 suitable for practicing the invention. The formingsection 12 includes a pair of formingfabrics 22 , 24 supported by a plurality ofrolls 26 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 and a formingroll 38 .Headbox 40 provides papermaking furnish in the form of a jet to nip 42 between the nip of formingroll 38 and roll 26 and the fabric. Control of jet velocity relative to the forming fabric is an important aspect of controlling stretch ratio, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art. The feed forms anascent web 44 which is dewatered on the fabric with the aid of vacuum, such as through avacuum box 46 .

该初生网幅前进到被多个辊50，52，54，55支持的造纸毡48并且该毡与瓦式压辊56接触。当被转移到该毡上时该网幅具有低稠度。转移可以由真空来协助；例如辊50可以是真空辊(如果希望的话)或现有技术中已知的拾取器或真空瓦。当该网幅到达该瓦式压辊时，该网幅在进入到在瓦式压辊56和转移辊60之间的辊隙58中时具有10-25％，优选20-25％左右的稠度。转移辊60可以是加热辊，如果希望的话。代替瓦式压辊，辊56能够是普通的吸入压力辊。如果使用瓦式压辊的话则令人希望的和优选的是，辊54是在毡进入到瓦式压辊辊隙中之前有效从毡上除去水的真空辊，因为来自供料中的水将在瓦式压辊辊隙中被加压进入到该毡中。在任何情况下，在换向过程中在54处使用真空辊或STR典型地是确保网幅保持与该毡接触所希望的，本领域中技术人员将可以从图中看出。The nascent web advances to a papermaking felt 48 supported by a plurality ofrolls 50 , 52 , 54 , 55 and the felt is in contact with ashoe press roll 56 . The web had low consistency when transferred to the felt. Transfer may be assisted by vacuum; forexample roll 50 may be a vacuum roll (if desired) or a pick-up or vacuum shoe as is known in the art. When the web reaches the shoe press roll, the web has a consistency of around 10-25%, preferably 20-25% as it enters nip 58 betweenshoe press roll 56 and transfer roll 60 . Transfer roll 60 may be a heated roll, if desired. Instead of a shoe press roll, theroll 56 can be an ordinary suction pressure roll. If shoe press rolls are used, it is desirable and preferred that roll 54 be a vacuum roll that effectively removes water from the felt before it enters the shoe press nip, since water from the feed will It is pressed into the felt in the shoe press nip. In any case, the use of a vacuum roll or STR at 54 during the switchover process is typically desirable to ensure that the web remains in contact with the felt, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the Figures.

网幅44借助加压瓦62被湿压到在辊隙58中的毡上。该网幅因此在58上压缩脱水，在这一工艺的这一阶段中典型地使稠度提高了15或更多点。在58处显示的构型一般被称作瓦式压辊；对于本发明，圆筒60作为转移圆筒来运转，它在运转时将网幅44以高速(典型地1000fpm-6000fpm)输送到起皱织物上。Web 44 is wet pressed onto a felt in nip 58 by means ofpress shoe 62 . The web is thus compression dewatered at 58, typically increasing consistency by 15 or more points at this stage of the process. The configuration shown at 58 is generally referred to as a shoe press roll; for the present invention, cylinder 60 operates as a transfer cylinder which, as it operates, transportsweb 44 at high speed (typically 1000 fpm - 6000 fpm) to the starting cylinder. wrinkled fabric.

圆筒60具有光滑表面64，如果需要，它可以提供粘合剂和/或防粘剂。网幅44粘附于圆筒60的转移面64上，当该网幅在由箭头66指示的纵向上继续行进时该圆筒60在高的角速度下旋转。在该圆筒上，网幅44具有纤维的一般随机表观分布。Cylinder 60 has asmooth surface 64 which can provide an adhesive and/or release agent if desired. Theweb 44 adheres to thetransfer surface 64 of the cylinder 60 which rotates at a high angular velocity as the web continues in the machine direction indicated byarrow 66 . On the cylinder, theweb 44 has a generally random apparent distribution of fibers.

方向66称为该网幅的纵向(MD)和造纸机10的纵向；而横向(CD)是在该网幅的平面上垂直于MD的方向。Direction 66 is referred to as the machine direction (MD) of the web and the machine direction ofpaper machine 10; while the cross direction (CD) is the direction perpendicular to the MD in the plane of the web.

网幅44典型地在10-25％左右的稠度下进入辊隙58中并且脱水和干燥到约25到约70％的稠度，然后转移到起皱织物18上，如在该图中所示。Web 44 typically enters nip 58 at about 10-25% consistency and is dewatered and dried to about 25 to about 70% consistency before being transferred tocreping fabric 18, as shown in this figure.

织物18承载在多个辊68，70，72和压力夹辊或实心压力辊74上，使得与转移圆筒60之间形成织物起绉辊隙76，如图中所示。Theweb 18 is carried on a plurality ofrolls 68, 70, 72 and a pressure nip orsolid pressure roll 74 such that a fabric creping nip 76 is formed with the transfer cylinder 60, as shown.

该起皱织物限定在起皱织物18适合于接触辊60的距离上的起皱辊隙；即，对于网幅施加较大压力使之紧贴在该转移圆筒上。为此目的，支承(或起皱)辊70可以具有柔软的可变形表面，它将增加起皱辊隙的长度和增加在织物和片材之间的织物起皱角度并且接触点或瓦式压辊能够用作辊70以便在高冲击织物起皱辊隙76中增加与该网幅之间的有效接触，其中网幅44转移到织物18上并在纵向上行进。通过在起绉辊隙处使用不同的设备，有可能调节织物起皱角度或与起绉辊隙之间的引出角度。因此，有可能通过调节这些辊隙参数来影响纤维的再分布的性质和量，可能在织物起皱辊隙76处发生的层离/解粘。在一些实施方案中希望重新构造Z轴方向纤维间特性，而在其它情况下希望仅仅在网幅的平面上影响性能。该起皱辊隙参数能够在各个方向上影响纤维在网幅中的分布，其中包括在Z轴方向以及该MD和CD上诱导变化。在任何情况下，从转移圆筒转移到起皱织物上是高冲击性的，在于该织物比该网幅更缓慢地运行并且发生相当大的速度变化。典型地，在从转移圆筒转移到织物上的过程中，该网幅在任何地方起绉10-60％和甚至更高。The creping fabric defines a creping nip at a distance where thecreping fabric 18 is suitable for contacting roll 60; ie, exerts high pressure on the web against the transfer cylinder. For this purpose, the back-up (or creping) roll 70 may have a soft, deformable surface that will increase the length of the creping nip and increase the fabric creping angle between the fabric and the sheet and the point of contact or shoe pressure. Rolls can be used asrolls 70 to increase effective contact with the web in the high impact fabric creping nip 76 where theweb 44 is transferred onto thefabric 18 and travels in the machine direction. By using different devices at the creping nip it is possible to adjust the fabric creping angle or take-off angle to the creping nip. Thus, it is possible to influence the nature and amount of redistribution of fibers, delamination/debonding that may occur at fabric creping nip 76 by adjusting these nip parameters. In some embodiments it is desirable to reconfigure interfiber properties in the z-direction, while in other cases it is desirable to affect properties only in the plane of the web. The creping nip parameters can affect fiber distribution in the web in various directions, including inducing variations in the Z-axis direction as well as in the MD and CD. In any case, the transfer from the transfer cylinder to the creping fabric is high impact in that the fabric runs more slowly than the web and considerable speed changes occur. Typically, the web is creped anywhere from 10-60% and even higher during transfer from the transfer cylinder to the fabric.

起皱辊隙76一般在约1/8″到约2″，典型地1/2″到2″的任何地方的织物起皱辊隙距离上延伸。对于32根CD线条/每英寸的起皱织物，网幅44因此将在辊隙中任何地方遇到约4到64根纬线长丝。The creping nip 76 generally extends over a fabric creping nip distance anywhere from about 1/8" to about 2", typically 1/2" to 2". For a creping fabric with 32 CD lines per inch, theweb 44 will thus encounter about 4 to 64 weft filaments anywhere in the nip.

在辊隙76中的轧点压力，即，在支承辊70和转移辊60之间的荷载适宜是20-100，优选40-70磅/每线性英寸(PLI)。The nip pressure innip 76, ie, the load betweenbackup roll 70 and transfer roll 60, is suitably 20-100, preferably 40-70 pounds per linear inch (PLI).

在织物起皱后，该网幅继续沿着MD 66前进，在这里它被湿压到在转移辊隙82中的杨克圆筒80上。在辊隙82处的转移可以在一般约25-约70％的网幅稠度下进行。在这些稠度下，难以将该网幅足够稳固地粘附于圆筒80的表面84上以便从织物上彻底地除去该网幅。典型地，如上所述的聚(乙烯醇)/聚酰胺粘合剂组合物在86处施涂，根据需要来定。After fabric creping, the web continues alongMD 66 where it is wet pressed ontoYankee cylinder 80 in transfer nip 82. Transfer at nip 82 may be performed at a web consistency of generally about 25 to about 70%. At these consistencies, it is difficult to adhere the web to thesurface 84 of thecylinder 80 sufficiently firmly to completely remove the web from the fabric. Typically, a poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyamide adhesive composition as described above is applied at 86, as needed.

如果希望，可以在67处采用真空箱以便提高厚度。典型地，使用约5英寸水银柱至约30英寸水银柱之间的真空。A vacuum box may be employed at 67 to increase thickness if desired. Typically, a vacuum of between about 5 inches of mercury and about 30 inches of mercury is used.

该网幅在属于加热式圆筒的杨克圆筒80上并利用在杨克罩88中的高喷流速度冲击空气流来干燥。随着该圆筒旋转，网幅44通过起皱刮刀89从圆筒上起绉并缠绕在卷收辊90上。从杨克式干燥器上将纸起皱可以通过使用波形的起皱刮刀来进行，如在美国专利No.5,690,788中公开的一种，该专利的公开内容被引入供参考。波形的起绉刮刀的使用已经表明赋予几个优点，当用于薄织物产品的生产中时。通常，使用波形刮刀起绉的薄织物产品具有更高的厚度(caliper)，增大的CD拉伸率，和更高的空隙体积，与使用普通的起绉刮刀生产的可比的薄织物产品相比。受到波形刮刀的使用之影响的所有这些变化倾向于与该薄织物产品的改进的柔软度触觉有关。The web is dried on aYankee cylinder 80 , which is a heated cylinder, with a high jet velocity impingement air stream in aYankee hood 88 . As the drum rotates,web 44 is creped from the drum bycreping blade 89 and wound onto take-up roll 90 . Creping of paper from a Yankee dryer can be performed by using a corrugated creping blade, such as the one disclosed in US Patent No. 5,690,788, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. The use of corrugated creping blades has been shown to confer several advantages when used in the production of tissue products. In general, tissue products creped with wave blades have higher caliper, increased CD stretch, and higher void volume than comparable tissue products produced with conventional creping blades. Compare. All of these changes affected by the use of the wave blade tended to be related to the improved softness feel of the tissue product.

任选提供具有辊85(a)，85(b)的压延站85，以便压延片材，如果需要的话。Acalendering station 85 with rollers 85(a), 85(b) is optionally provided to calender the sheet, if desired.

当使用湿起绉方法时，代替杨克干燥器，能够使用冲击空气干燥器，穿透空气干燥器，或多个圆筒干燥器。冲击空气干燥器公开在下面专利和申请中，它们的公开内容被引入这里供参考：When using a wet creping process, instead of a Yankee dryer, an impingement air dryer, a through air dryer, or multiple drum dryers can be used. Impingement air dryers are disclosed in the following patents and applications, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference:

Ilvespaaet等人的美国专利No.5,865,955。US Patent No. 5,865,955 to Ilvespaaet et al.

Ahonen等人的美国专利No.5,968,590。US Patent No. 5,968,590 to Ahonen et al.

Ahonen等人的美国专利No.6,001,421。US Patent No. 6,001,421 to Ahonen et al.

Sundqvist等人的美国专利No.6,119,362。US Patent No. 6,119,362 to Sundqvist et al.

美国专利申请No.09/733,172，标题“Wet Crepe，Impingement-Air Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet”，现在与美国专利No.6,432,267。U.S. Patent Application No. 09/733,172, titled "Wet Crepe, Impingement-Air Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet," is now associated with U.S. Patent No. 6,432,267.

穿透干燥设备是现有技术中众所周知的和已描述在Cole等人的美国专利No.3,432,936中，它的公开内容被引入这里供参考，与公开了圆筒干燥系统的美国专利No.5,851,353一样。Perforation drying apparatus is well known in the art and described in U.S. Patent No. 3,432,936 to Cole et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, as is U.S. Patent No. 5,851,353 which discloses a drum drying system .

代表性实施例representative example

通过使用图4的一般类型的装置，以各种重量，起皱比率等等制备吸收性片材。这一材料在低的干拉伸比率下显示出高CD拉伸率，特别在图5-9中可以看出。从前面的讨论和下面的实施例可以认识到，纤维富集区域和连接区域的相对基重，伞形化程度，纤维取向和网状结构的几何结构通过材料和织物的适当选择，以及控制织物起绉比率，辊隙参数和喷流/丝网速度δ来控制。Absorbent sheets were prepared at various weights, creping ratios, etc. by using the general type of apparatus of FIG. 4 . This material exhibits high CD stretch at low dry stretch ratios, as can be especially seen in Figures 5-9. As can be appreciated from the foregoing discussion and the following examples, the relative basis weights of fiber-enriched and connected regions, the degree of umbrellaization, fiber orientation and network geometry are controlled by proper selection of materials and fabrics, as well as the control of fabric Creping ratio, nip parameters and jet/wire speed δ are controlled.

代表性产品的数据对于基片给出在表1中和对于转化片材给出在表2中。Data for representative products are given in Table 1 for the substrate and Table 2 for the converted sheet.

与下面的表和实施例有关，下列缩写有时出现：In connection with the tables and examples below, the following abbreviations sometimes appear:

BRT    -浴用薄织物BRT - Bath Tissue

CD，MD -没有进一步说明，指拉伸强度CD, MD - without further specification, refers to tensile strength

CD％，MD％ -在指定方向上的断裂拉伸率CD%, MD% - elongation at break in the specified direction

CMC   -羧甲基纤维素CMC - Carboxymethyl Cellulose

CWP   -普通的湿压(辊)CWP - Common Wet Press (Roll)

FC    -织物起绉或织物起绉比率FC - Fabric Crepe or Fabric Crepe Ratio

GM，GMT -几何平均值，典型地拉伸GM, GMT - geometric mean, typically stretched

Mod   -模量Mod - Modulus

比率(Ratio) -干拉伸比率，MD/CDRatio - Dry Tensile Ratio, MD/CD

SPR  -实心压力辊，在图4中见到的辊74SPR - Solid pressure roll, roll 74 seen in Figure 4

STR  -吸取转向辊，在图4中见到的辊54STR - Suction steering roll, roll 54 seen in Figure 4

T    -吨T - tons

TAD  -穿透空气干燥的TAD - Through Air Dry

‘819 -指在USP 6,827,819的压花图案'819 - refers to the embossed pattern in USP 6,827,819

表1-代表性实施例1-194-基片数据Table 1 - Representative Examples 1-194 - Substrate Data

实施例Example  基重lb/3000ft^2Basis weight lb/3000ft^2  厚度8片密耳/8片Thickness 8 mils/8 pieces  拉伸MDg/3inTensile MDg/3in  拉伸率MD％Elongation MD%  拉伸CDg/3 inTensile CDg/3 in  拉伸率CD％Elongation CD%  拉伸GMg/3in.Tensile GMg/3in.  干拉伸比率％Dry stretch ratio%  1 1  24.824.8  77.177.1  10311031  37.137.1  587587  7.67.6  778778  1.751.75  2 2  25.425.4  76.476.4  11071107  37.237.2  621621  7.07.0  829829  1.781.78  33  24.624.6  77.977.9  948948  37.337.3  539539  7.47.4  715715  1.761.76  44  25.625.6  75.975.9  10801080  36.036.0  580580  7.07.0  791791  1.861.86  55  24.924.9  79.679.6  967967  37.037.0  521521  7.47.4  709709  1.861.86  66  25.025.0  76.076.0  814814  28.928.9  487487  5.25.2  628628  1.671.67  77  12.312.3  58.358.3  725725  33.433.4  288288  8.38.3  456456  2.522.52  8 8  12.612.6  59.259.2  861861  33.333.3  281281  9.89.8  491491  3.073.07  9 9  12.412.4  57.557.5  790790  32.932.9  297297  9.99.9  484484  2.662.66  1010  12.212.2  56.156.1  857857  31.731.7  289289  9.39.3  497497  2.972.97  1111  12.512.5  65.765.7  561561  55.955.9  291291  10.410.4  404404  1.931.93  1212  12.212.2  66.966.9  576576  59.459.4  218218  12.812.8  355355  2.642.64  1313  12.212.2  68.068.0  771771  54.954.9  240240  14.814.8  430430  3.223.22  1414  12.112.1  68.368.3  697697  55.455.4  217217  15.815.8  389389  3.213.21  1515  20.020.0  74.074.0  768768  62.362.3  484484  10.410.4  610610  1.591.59  1616  21.221.2  68.868.8  785785  58.158.1  561561  6.66.6  664664  1.401.40  1717  12.212.2  57.657.6  777777  33.133.1  252252  10.010.0  443443  3.083.08  1818  12.412.4  58.658.6  787787  31.831.8  273273  7.67.6  464464  2.882.88  1919  11.811.8  54.654.6  642642  29.929.9  228228  8.88.8  383383  2.812.81  2020  12.212.2  57.357.3  678678  33.033.0  231231  8.68.6  396396  2.932.93  21 twenty one  12.612.6  59.959.9  700700  33.733.7  251251  8.78.7  419419  2.792.79  22 twenty two  12.612.6  59.659.6  675675  34.034.0  224224  7.67.6  389389  3.013.01  23 twenty three  12.512.5  56.956.9  755755  33.633.6  263263  8.38.3  445445  2.882.88  24 twenty four  11.911.9  56.856.8  724724  31.131.1  262262  7.47.4  435435  2.762.76  2525  12.012.0  55.255.2  770770  32.532.5  252252  7.47.4  440440  3.063.06  2626  25.025.0  76.676.6  12451245  46.646.6  769769  7.07.0  979979  1.621.62  2727  24.424.4  67.767.7  11051105  45.445.4  761761  6.56.5  916916  1.451.45  2828  24.324.3  65.365.3  911911  44.444.4  818818  5.45.4  863863  1.111.11  2929  24.524.5  65.665.6  888888  44.544.5  770770  5.35.3  827827  1.151.15  3030  21.121.1  77.577.5  464464  43.443.4  370370  6.26.2  414414  1.251.25  3131  20.920.9  71.171.1  494494  41.641.6  378378  5.75.7  432432  1.301.30  3232  21.021.0  67.167.1  660660  43.443.4  491491  5.35.3  569569  1.351.35  3333  20.720.7  64.464.4  625625  41.441.4  520520  4.94.9  569569  1.201.20  3434  20.920.9  64.464.4  695695  42.442.4  557557  5.05.0  622622  1.251.25  3535  21.821.8  88.588.5  728728  48.548.5  617617  4.84.8  670670  1.181.18  3636  21.421.4  65.765.7  10121012  48.848.8  806806  6.56.5  903903  1.261.26  3737  20.820.8  77.677.6  673673  47.947.9  605605  6.06.0  638638  1.111.11  3838  20.620.6  75.775.7  682682  46.746.7  701701  5.55.5  691691  0.970.97  3939  20.620.6  64.264.2  722722  44.244.2  699699  5.55.5  710710  1.031.03  4040  20.820.8  64.864.8  726726  44.044.0  684684  5.15.1  705705  1.061.06

表1-代表性实施例1-194-基片数据(续)Table 1 - Representative Examples 1-194 - Substrate Data (continued)

实施例Example  基重lb/3000ft^2Basis weight lb/3000ft^2  厚度8片密耳/8片Thickness 8 mils/8 pieces  拉伸MDg/3inTensile MDg/3in  拉伸率MD％Elongation MD%  拉伸CDg/3inTensile CDg/3in  拉伸率CD％Elongation CD%  拉伸GMg/3in.Tensile GMg/3in.  干拉伸比率％Dry stretch ratio%  4141  21.221.2  65.465.4  829829  45.845.8  804804  5.45.4  816816  1.031.03  4242  21.221.2  70.270.2  780780  49.349.3  729729  5.85.8  754754  1.071.07  4343  21.021.0  68.868.8  790790  46.646.6  743743  5.75.7  765765  1.061.06  4444  21.621.6  72.972.9  793793  52.052.0  770770  6.16.1  781781  1.031.03  4545  19.919.9  70.770.7  519519  53.953.9  579579  6.86.8  548548  0.900.90  4646  22.422.4  74.574.5  746746  57.257.2  773773  6.46.4  759759  0.960.96  4747  21.721.7  68.368.3  664664  54.354.3  702702  6.76.7  683683  0.950.95  4848  23.823.8  75.275.2  573573  71.971.9  621621  7.67.6  596596  0.920.92  4949  24.024.0  74.074.0  583583  46.146.1  646646  5.55.5  613613  0.900.90  5050  23.023.0  71.971.9  543543  44.444.4  557557  5.45.4  550550  0.980.98  5151  23.523.5  69.269.2  679679  53.453.4  612612  6.26.2  644644  1.111.11  5252  23.623.6  73.073.0  551551  44.644.6  571571  6.16.1  561561  0.960.96  5353  23.623.6  70.070.0  603603  47.047.0  737737  5.65.6  666666  0.820.82  5454  23.323.3  73.473.4  510510  59.359.3  617617  6.06.0  561561  0.830.83  5555  24.524.5  74.074.0  545545  62.362.3  682682  6.86.8  608608  0.800.80  5656  24.224.2  72.672.6  569569  68.468.4  676676  6.46.4  620620  0.840.84  5757  24.024.0  70.970.9  499499  59.759.7  610610  8.48.4  552552  0.820.82  5858  24.224.2  79.579.5  651651  66.366.3  723723  6.16.1  686686  0.900.90  5959  24.024.0  63.963.9  528528  58.058.0  670670  6.56.5  595595  0.790.79  6060  23.023.0  63.963.9  509509  57.257.2  598598  7.77.7  552552  0.850.85  6161  23.723.7  67.667.6  525525  53.853.8  726726  7.47.4  617617  0.720.72  6262  23.723.7  97.297.2  657657  50.150.1  785785  5.35.3  718718  0.830.83  6363  24.324.3  65.665.6  702702  43.343.3  712712  4.54.5  706706  0.990.99  6464  22.822.8  55.255.2  578578  37.637.6  757757  5.25.2  661661  0.760.76  6565  23.123.1  51.251.2  592592  33.133.1  813813  5.05.0  694694  0.730.73  6666  23.023.0  68.168.1  544544  59.759.7  549549  7.77.7  546546  0.990.99  6767  24.324.3  65.065.0  819819  40.340.3  671671  7.57.5  741741  1.221.22  6868  23.023.0  60.760.7  614614  37.537.5  667667  5.85.8  639639  0.920.92  6969  23.423.4  61.461.4  795795  40.040.0  836836  5.85.8  814814  0.950.95  7070  23.423.4  60.360.3  753753  38.438.4  789789  5.75.7  771771  0.950.95  7171  24.324.3  87.687.6  737737  45.845.8  833833  6.16.1  784784  0.880.88  7272  22.922.9  59.859.8  586586  36.636.6  614614  5.75.7  600600  0.950.95  7373  25.425.4  57.357.3  978978  34.934.9  10431043  5.45.4  10091009  0.940.94  7474  23.923.9  62.662.6  497497  34.134.1  528528  5.45.4  512512  0.940.94  7575  23.523.5  64.964.9  554554  34.934.9  394394  9.79.7  466466  1.411.41  7676  23.323.3  63.663.6  506506  37.937.9  644644  5.75.7  570570  0.790.79  7777  21.921.9  60.660.6  543543  36.136.1  629629  5.55.5  585585  0.860.86  7878  21.921.9  62.262.2  538538  37.437.4  629629  5.65.6  581581  0.850.85  7979  21.521.5  51.151.1  527527  32.732.7  610610  5.15.1  566566  0.870.87

表1-代表性实施例1-194-基片数据(续)Table 1 - Representative Examples 1-194 - Substrate Data (continued)

实施例Example  基重lb/3000ft^2Basis weight lb/3000ft^2  厚度8片密耳/8片Thickness 8 mils/8 pieces  拉伸MDg/3inTensile MDg/3in  拉伸率MD％Elongation MD%  拉伸CDg/3 inTensile CDg/3 in  拉伸率CD％Elongation CD%  拉伸GMg/3 in.Tensile GMg/3 in.  干拉伸比率％Dry stretch ratio%  8080  21.721.7  61.561.5  505505  34.434.4  610610  5.85.8  555555  0.830.83  8181  21.121.1  52.652.6  441441  27.527.5  576576  5.25.2  504504  0.770.77  8282  21.921.9  63.363.3  416416  33.333.3  493493  5.45.4  453453  0.850.85  8383  21.521.5  53.853.8  412412  27.127.1  463463  5.45.4  437437  0.890.89  8484  21.521.5  53.753.7  505505  35.535.5  476476  7.77.7  490490  1.061.06  8585  21.621.6  64.764.7  552552  41.141.1  525525  7.97.9  538538  1.051.05  8686  21.521.5  63.263.2  587587  43.943.9  746746  6.56.5  661661  0.790.79  8787  21.521.5  50.550.5  571571  38.238.2  715715  6.16.1  638638  0.800.80  8888  21.821.8  59.659.6  456456  34.234.2  528528  5.85.8  490490  0.870.87  8989  21.621.6  58.758.7  539539  35.335.3  639639  5.85.8  587587  0.840.84  9090  21.621.6  60.660.6  612612  36.936.9  395395  7.97.9  492492  1.551.55  9191  21.721.7  58.558.5  991991  41.041.0  568568  7.27.2  750750  1.751.75  9292  22.222.2  56.456.4  811811  37.037.0  10511051  5.05.0  923923  0.770.77  9393  22.922.9  84.684.6  11991199  54.954.9  13181318  5.65.6  12571257  0.910.91  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  9494  22.322.3  91.291.2  976976  52.252.2  12051205  5.85.8  10841084  0.810.81  9595  22.822.8  85.285.2  12361236  53.753.7  14811481  5.65.6  13531353  0.830.83  9696  22.922.9  84.784.7  13031303  57.557.5  15531553  5.95.9  14211421  0.840.84  9797  22.622.6  66.666.6  567567  80.980.9  676676  8.58.5  619619  0.840.84  9898  22.322.3  66.166.1  423423  72.572.5  624624  9.29.2  513513  0.680.68  9999  21.921.9  63.163.1  455455  73.173.1  514514  9.79.7  483483  0.890.89  100100  22.322.3  67.167.1  538538  72.572.5  590590  9.29.2  563563  0.910.91  101101  22.122.1  65.365.3  11411141  48.048.0  769769  7.67.6  937937  1.481.48  102102  22.122.1  66.366.3  851851  47.247.2  638638  7.97.9  735735  1.341.34  103103  22.122.1  64.564.5  780780  45.645.6  568568  7.47.4  665665  1.371.37  104104  21.921.9  63.263.2  678678  43.243.2  630630  6.06.0  653653  1.081.08  105105  21.921.9  64.564.5  547547  48.348.3  680680  7.07.0  610610  0.800.80  106106  21.921.9  65.465.4  582582  51.051.0  711711  6.96.9  643643  0.820.82  107107  21.621.6  65.565.5  603603  51.951.9  466466  9.09.0  530530  1.291.29  108108  21.921.9  64.664.6  457457  48.348.3  591591  6.76.7  520520  0.770.77  109109  16.716.7  48.048.0  21462146  26.326.3  904904  6.36.3  13931393  2.372.37  110110  17.117.1  52.152.1  21032103  27.127.1  831831  5.95.9  13221322  2.532.53  111111  21.121.1  65.065.0  692692  46.646.6  596596  6.66.6  642642  1.161.16  112112  22.022.0  57.157.1  22332233  50.750.7  16581658  6.96.9  19241924  1.351.35  113113  21.021.0  62.762.7  14521452  70.470.4  776776  11.911.9  10611061  1.871.87  114114  21.621.6  63.563.5  15091509  68.768.7  10661066  10.710.7  12671267  1.421.42  115115  20.620.6  63.263.2  13691369  69.269.2  948948  10.810.8  11381138  1.451.45  116116  20.720.7  61.861.8  14341434  70.470.4  943943  10.110.1  11621162  1.531.53  117117  21.621.6  69.969.9  13221322  70.570.5  964964  10.610.6  11291129  1.371.37  118118  23.423.4  63.563.5  16731673  50.250.2  13101310  6.76.7  14801480  1.281.28

表1-代表性实施例1-194-基片数据(续)Table 1 - Representative Examples 1-194 - Substrate Data (continued)

实施例Example基重lb/3000ft^2Basis weight lb/3000ft^2  厚度8片密耳/8片Thickness 8 mils/8 pieces拉伸MDg/3inTensile MDg/3in拉伸率MD％Elongation MD%拉伸CDg/3inStretch CDg/3in拉伸率CD％Elongation CD%拉伸GMg/3in.Tensile GMg/3in.干拉伸比率％Dry stretch ratio%  119119  22.622.6  63.163.1  689689  52.352.3  589589  7.47.4  637637  1.171.17  120120  22.722.7  57.657.6  638638  50.750.7  532532  8.18.1  583583  1.201.20  121121  22.722.7  54.454.4  706706  50.650.6  568568  7.47.4  633633  1.241.24  122122  22.422.4  55.755.7  640640  49.249.2  583583  7.77.7  611611  1.101.10  123123  23.123.1  57.757.7  559559  46.446.4  513513  7.17.1  535535  1.091.09  124124  23.023.0  57.657.6  617617  49.049.0  488488  7.07.0  548548  1.271.27  125125  22.922.9  57.657.6  597597  49.249.2  478478  7.47.4  534534  1.251.25  126126  22.722.7  56.556.5  641641  49.249.2  599599  6.86.8  620620  1.071.07  127127  22.722.7  59.659.6  583583  49.449.4  519519  7.47.4  549549  1.131.13  128128  23.023.0  58.258.2  702702  52.752.7  586586  7.67.6  641641  1.201.20  129129  23.523.5  59.159.1  713713  52.352.3  579579  7.17.1  642642  1.231.23  130130  23.323.3  58.958.9  626626  49.349.3  560560  7.67.6  592592  1.121.12  131131  22.722.7  58.858.8  624624  75.175.1  587587  10.910.9  605605  1.061.06  132132  23.023.0  59.859.8  683683  78.778.7  572572  11.511.5  625625  1.191.19  133133  22.822.8  56.956.9  852852  51.751.7  695695  6.86.8  769769  1.231.23  134134  22.922.9  55.855.8  896896  50.950.9  709709  6.96.9  796796  1.271.27  135135  22.922.9  56.756.7  849849  50.550.5  607607  6.86.8  716716  1.421.42  136136  23.523.5  57.657.6  843843  49.449.4  702702  6.56.5  769769  1.201.20  137137  23.223.2  55.055.0  615615  50.550.5  684684  5.35.3  648648  0.900.90  138138  22.922.9  58.958.9  702702  76.576.5  533533  10.810.8  612612  1.321.32  139139  21.221.2  50.850.8  10681068  53.853.8  996996  7.87.8  10311031  1.071.07  140140  20.920.9  52.052.0  993993  39.239.2  829829  7.67.6  906906  1.201.20  141141  20.920.9  51.451.4  10621062  53.153.1  846846  7.87.8  948948  1.261.26  142142  20.620.6  51.751.7  712712  49.249.2  601601  9.19.1  651651  1.191.19  143143  20.720.7  60.260.2  877877  59.259.2  594594  9.89.8  722722  1.481.48  144144  20.820.8  60.060.0  801801  63.363.3  474474  10.510.5  616616  1.691.69  145145  18.918.9  56.056.0  669669  61.661.6  459459  10.910.9  554554  1.461.46  146146  17.017.0  51.251.2  555555  50.950.9  580580  7.87.8  567567  0.960.96  147147  23.023.0  53.753.7  649649  29.529.5  585585  4.64.6  615615  1.111.11  148148  20.120.1  52.252.2  10981098  52.052.0  10481048  5.75.7  10721072  1.051.05  149149  20.120.1  53.653.6  517517  45.445.4  472472  6.16.1  494494  1.101.10  150150  20.420.4  55.455.4  601601  43.243.2  500500  5.45.4  548548  1.201.20  151151  20.420.4  52.852.8  864864  33.633.6  600600  5.05.0  720720  1.441.44  152152  20.520.5  55.055.0  798798  32.532.5  745745  4.64.6  771771  1.071.07  153153  20.620.6  58.558.5  712712  38.138.1  636636  5.45.4  673673  1.121.12  154154  20.620.6  60.560.5  725725  39.339.3  635635  5.35.3  678678  1.141.14  155155  20.620.6  61.261.2  680680  40.140.1  592592  5.45.4  634634  1.151.15  156156  20.520.5  60.560.5  725725  36.436.4  648648  5.25.2  685685  1.121.12  157157  20.320.3  60.060.0  635635  35.935.9  610610  5.35.3  620620  1.051.05  158158  20.420.4  58.758.7  713713  37.537.5  604604  5.75.7  655655  1.181.18  159159  20.520.5  61.161.1  743743  36.736.7  651651  5.65.6  695695  1.141.14

表1-代表性实施例1-194-基片数据(续)Table 1 - Representative Examples 1-194 - Substrate Data (continued)

实施例Example  基重lb/3000ft^2Basis weight lb/3000ft^2  厚度8片密耳/8片Thickness 8 mils/8 pieces拉伸MDg/3 inTensile MDg/3 in拉伸率MD％Elongation MD%拉伸CDg/3 inTensile CDg/3 in拉伸率CD％Elongation CD%拉伸GMg/3in.Tensile GMg/3in.干拉伸比率％Dry stretch ratio%  160160  19.819.8  60.060.0  691691  40.740.7  611611  4.94.9  650650  1.131.13  161161  19.719.7  59.059.0  761761  40.940.9  682682  4.94.9  720720  1.121.12  162162  20.220.2  60.460.4  729729  39.239.2  678678  5.05.0  702702  1.081.08  163163  20.020.0  60.360.3  781781  40.640.6  665665  5.15.1  720720  1.171.17  164164  20.120.1  58.158.1  708708  36.336.3  645645  5.35.3  676676  1.101.10  165165  20.020.0  56.856.8  760760  36.736.7  663663  4.94.9  709709  1.151.15  166166  19.919.9  57.257.2  684684  39.339.3  610610  5.85.8  645645  1.121.12  167167  21.021.0  63.863.8  810810  48.048.0  885885  6.26.2  846846  0.910.91  168168  20.820.8  66.566.5  758758  54.154.1  656656  7.37.3  705705  1.151.15  169169  21.021.0  66.166.1  696696  53.053.0  619619  7.57.5  656656  1.121.12  170170  20.920.9  66.266.2  637637  52.652.6  540540  7.67.6  586586  1.181.18  171171  21.321.3  63.663.6  641641  30.130.1  531531  4.44.4  583583  1.211.21  172172  21.421.4  78.778.7  580580  30.830.8  486486  4.34.3  530530  1.201.20  173173  21.021.0  65.865.8  570570  21.421.4  479479  4.14.1  521521  1.201.20  174174  20.820.8  71.571.5  978978  52.552.5  859859  6.56.5  916916  1.141.14  175175  20.020.0  57.057.0  714714  41.541.5  644644  5.25.2  678678  1.111.11  176176  20.420.4  65.665.6  560560  41.241.2  746746  4.74.7  647647  0.750.75  177177  20.220.2  67.767.7  489489  41.641.6  648648  4.74.7  563563  0.760.76  178178  20.420.4  67.167.1  543543  39.639.6  662662  4.64.6  599599  0.820.82  179179  20.220.2  67.967.9  500500  39.739.7  646646  4.64.6  568568  0.770.77  180180  20.420.4  69.569.5  497497  39.539.5  650650  4.84.8  568568  0.760.76  181181  19.819.8  66.266.2  476476  38.538.5  602602  4.44.4  535535  0.790.79  182182  20.520.5  68.868.8  682682  42.342.3  665665  5.45.4  673673  1.031.03  183183  20.320.3  71.071.0  672672  41.141.1  668668  5.75.7  670670  1.011.01  184184  20.220.2  69.869.8  672672  42.142.1  613613  5.35.3  641641  1.101.10  185185  21.021.0  72.472.4  693693  42.142.1  670670  5.95.9  681681  1.031.03  186186  21.021.0  73.273.2  801801  43.243.2  752752  5.65.6  776776  1.071.07  187187  20.620.6  70.070.0  774774  43.343.3  746746  5.95.9  759759  1.041.04  188188  20.520.5  76.676.6  670670  60.760.7  644644  6.96.9  657657  1.041.04  189189  20.320.3  74.274.2  649649  57.157.1  671671  7.07.0  660660  0.970.97  190190  20.320.3  77.677.6  765765  58.658.6  719719  7.57.5  740740  1.071.07  191191  20.320.3  78.978.9  764764  62.562.5  710710  7.57.5  736736  1.081.08  192192  20.520.5  78.878.8  776776  62.762.7  696696  7.57.5  735735  1.121.12  193193  20.620.6  78.978.9  889889  64.564.5  776776  7.87.8  830830  1.151.15  194194  20.720.7  67.467.4  13681368  43.543.5  13051305  5.25.2  13351335  1.051.05

表2-代表性实施例195-272-成品数据Table 2 - Representative Examples 195-272 - Finished Product Data

实施例Example压花Embossed  感觉柔软度feel softness  柔软度450GMTSoftness 450GMTBWBW厚度thicknessMDMDCDcdGMTGMTMD％MD%CD％CD%  MDBrModMDBrMod  CDBrModCDBrMod  GMBrModGMBrMod  MD/CDMD/CD  195195  无 none  15.615.6  15.915.9  20.320.3  58.858.8  578578  478478  526526  32.932.9  4.34.3  17.617.6  112.1112.1  44.444.4  1.211.21  196196  ‘819'819  16.316.3  16.216.2  18.718.7  70.970.9  509509  346346  420420  25.425.4  6.16.1  20.020.0  57.157.1  33.833.8  1.471.47  197197  无 none  15.315.3  15.615.6  22.322.3  68.268.2  561561  556556  559559  53.953.9  6.96.9  10.410.4  81.581.5  29.129.1  1.011.01  198198  ‘819'819  15.915.9  16.016.0  21.221.2  75.175.1  504504  495495  499499  46.046.0  7.77.7  10.910.9  64.664.6  26.626.6  1.021.02  199199  无 none  15.615.6  16.216.2  23.623.6  65.865.8  613613  596596  604604  34.634.6  4.94.9  17.717.7  123.9123.9  46.846.8  1.031.03  200200  ‘819'819  16.316.3  16.116.1  20.920.9  72.672.6  450450  354354  399399  23.023.0  5.45.4  19.619.6  65.165.1  35.735.7  1.271.27  201201  无 none  15.415.4  16.016.0  22.222.2  62.962.9  614614  618618  616616  36.036.0  4.94.9  17.117.1  125.7125.7  46.346.3  0.990.99  202202  ‘819'819  15.815.8  16.116.1  21.621.6  74.674.6  579579  493493  534534  28.728.7  6.16.1  20.220.2  81.181.1  40.440.4  1.171.17  203203  无 none  15.915.9  16.116.1  22.922.9  65.765.7  505505  503503  504504  30.330.3  5.35.3  16.616.6  96.096.0  39.939.9  1.001.00  204204  ‘819'819  16.316.3  16.216.2  21.821.8  78.778.7  468468  400400  432432  24.624.6  6.46.4  19.019.0  62.862.8  34.534.5  1.171.17  205205  无 none  15.515.5  16.216.2  23.023.0  64.864.8  605605  677677  640640  37.237.2  4.64.6  16.316.3  145.6145.6  48.748.7  0.890.89  206206  ‘819'819  15.915.9  16.216.2  21.621.6  76.776.7  510510  520520  515515  28.128.1  6.26.2  18.218.2  83.983.9  39.139.1  0.980.98  207207  无 none  15.815.8  16.116.1  22.622.6  68.768.7  493493  559559  525525  46.646.6  5.55.5  10.610.6  101.7101.7  32.832.8  0.880.88  208208  ‘819'819  16.116.1  16.116.1  20.720.7  73.773.7  457457  446446  451451  37.737.7  6.76.7  12.112.1  67.167.1  28.528.5  1.031.03  209209  无 none  15.215.2  15.615.6  23.423.4  67.367.3  496496  628628  558558  45.445.4  6.06.0  10.910.9  104.9104.9  33.833.8  0.790.79  210210  ‘819'819  15.915.9  16.116.1  22.122.1  76.476.4  498498  514514  506506  40.040.0  6.76.7  12.512.5  76.576.5  30.930.9  0.970.97  211211  无 none  15.415.4  15.815.8  22.622.6  70.170.1  567567  561561  564564  50.850.8  5.05.0  11.111.1  111.9111.9  35.335.3  1.011.01  212212  ‘819'819  16.216.2  16.316.3  20.720.7  75.875.8  505505  447447  475475  36.836.8  6.86.8  13.713.7  66.166.1  30.130.1  1.131.13  213213  无 none  15.715.7  16.116.1  24.224.2  67.067.0  536536  583583  559559  47.547.5  6.96.9  11.311.3  84.484.4  30.930.9  0.920.92  214214  ‘819'819  16.216.2  16.216.2  21.721.7  72.972.9  444444  427427  435435  38.638.6  7.87.8  11.511.5  54.954.9  25.125.1  1.041.04  215215  无 none  16.316.3  16.616.6  22.222.2  62.062.0  495495  567567  529529  46.746.7  6.06.0  10.610.6  94.394.3  31.631.6  0.870.87

表2-代表性实施例195-272-成品数据(续)Table 2 - Representative Examples 195-272 - Finished Product Data (continued)

实施例Example压花Embossed感觉柔软度feel softness  柔软度450GMTSoftness 450GMTBWBW厚度thicknessMDMDCDcdGMTGMTMD％MD%CD％CD%  MDBrModMDBrMod  CDBrModCDBrMod  GMBrModGMBrMod  MD/CDMD/CD  216216  ‘819'819  16.316.3  16.216.2  20.820.8  68.268.2  414414  427427  420420  37.737.7  7.07.0  11.011.0  60.960.9  25.925.9  0.970.97  217217  无 none  16.316.3  16.616.6  22.722.7  60.760.7  519519  540540  530530  50.850.8  6.36.3  10.210.2  86.186.1  29.729.7  0.960.96  218218  ‘819'819  16.616.6  16.616.6  21.321.3  68.068.0  483483  438438  460460  42.442.4  7.67.6  11.411.4  58.058.0  25.725.7  1.101.10  219219  无 none  16.016.0  16.716.7  24.124.1  64.664.6  593593  711711  649649  51.051.0  6.86.8  11.611.6  104.5104.5  34.934.9  0.830.83  220220  ‘819'819  16.316.3  16.716.7  22.322.3  71.971.9  547547  561561  554554  42.842.8  7.97.9  12.812.8  72.072.0  30.330.3  0.970.97  221221  无 none  16.316.3  16.616.6  23.323.3  66.066.0  537537  532532  534534  50.950.9  7.17.1  10.510.5  74.974.9  28.128.1  1.011.01  222222  ‘819'819  16.316.3  16.116.1  20.620.6  70.270.2  426426  379379  402402  37.437.4  8.58.5  11.411.4  44.744.7  22.522.5  1.121.12  223223  无 none  15.915.9  16.416.4  22.822.8  56.456.4  565565  610610  587587  30.530.5  5.05.0  18.518.5  123.1123.1  47.747.7  0.930.93  224224  ‘819'819  16.616.6  16.416.4  20.920.9  68.268.2  440440  362362  399399  25.325.3  5.75.7  17.417.4  63.463.4  33.233.2  1.221.22  225225  ‘819'819  16.916.9  16.516.5  22.522.5  68.268.2  347347  330330  338338  23.323.3  6.26.2  14.914.9  53.353.3  28.228.2  1.051.05  226226  ‘819'819  16.816.8  16.616.6  21.921.9  67.567.5  524524  299299  396396  29.929.9  9.89.8  17.517.5  30.530.5  23.123.1  1.751.75  227227  ‘819'819  16.616.6  16.616.6  21.021.0  68.668.6  443443  435435  439439  26.626.6  6.06.0  16.716.7  73.273.2  35.035.0  1.021.02  228228  ‘819'819  16.816.8  16.716.7  20.820.8  60.660.6  429429  432432  430430  23.323.3  5.55.5  18.518.5  76.476.4  37.637.6  0.990.99  229229  ‘819'819  16.616.6  16.416.4  20.720.7  68.968.9  373373  392392  382382  19.319.3  5.65.6  19.519.5  70.370.3  37.037.0  0.950.95  230230  ‘819'819  16.916.9  16.616.6  20.420.4  61.561.5  364364  360360  362362  17.717.7  5.15.1  20.920.9  70.770.7  38.438.4  1.011.01  231231  ‘819'819  17.317.3  16.716.7  20.420.4  70.670.6  314314  286286  300300  17.417.4  5.85.8  17.917.9  49.449.4  29.729.7  1.101.10  232232  ‘819'819  17.417.4  16.916.9  20.320.3  65.165.1  306306  284284  295295  15.715.7  5.95.9  19.319.3  48.548.5  30.630.6  1.081.08  233233  ‘819'819  16.716.7  16.516.5  20.420.4  64.464.4  452452  355355  401401  25.525.5  8.18.1  18.218.2  44.144.1  28.328.3  1.271.27  234234  ‘819'819  16.516.5  16.416.4  20.320.3  69.969.9  484484  385385  432432  27.527.5  7.97.9  17.517.5  48.348.3  29.129.1  1.261.26  235235  ‘819'819  16.116.1  16.216.2  20.420.4  69.169.1  488488  497497  492492  27.727.7  6.86.8  17.617.6  72.272.2  35.735.7  0.980.98  236236  ‘819'819  16.316.3  16.516.5  20.720.7  65.365.3  482482  549549  514514  27.327.3  6.36.3  17.917.9  86.686.6  39.439.4  0.880.88  237237  ‘819'819  18.318.3  18.018.0  20.320.3  64.764.7  403403  325325  362362  22.922.9  5.75.7  17.617.6  56.856.8  31.631.6  1.241.24  238238  ‘819'819  17.717.7  17.617.6  20.220.2  65.965.9  463463  393393  427427  24.424.4  5.95.9  19.019.0  67.067.0  35.735.7  1.181.18  239239  ‘819'819  18.218.2  17.917.9  20.320.3  63.363.3  494494  278278  371371  25.025.0  7.87.8  19.819.8  35.935.9  26.626.6  1.781.78  240240  ‘819'819  17.917.9  18.118.1  20.420.4  68.268.2  494494  515515  504504  55.855.8  8.48.4  8.98.9  61.761.7  23.423.4  0.960.96  241241  ‘819'819  17.817.8  17.817.8  20.320.3  65.465.4  467467  424424  445445  50.650.6  8.78.7  9.29.2  48.848.8  21.221.2  1.101.10  242242  ‘819'819  15.715.7  16.716.7  20.920.9  68.068.0  938938  579579  737737  35.035.0  7.47.4  26.826.8  78.778.7  45.945.9  1.621.62  243243  ‘819'819  16.116.1  16.516.5  20.620.6  68.968.9  709709  456456  569569  32.932.9  7.67.6  21.621.6  60.060.0  35.935.9  1.551.55  244244  ‘819'819  16.816.8  16.916.9  20.120.1  67.167.1  556556  434434  491491  30.630.6  6.76.7  18.218.2  65.165.1  34.434.4  1.281.28  245245  ‘819'819  16.316.3  16.216.2  20.320.3  67.067.0  471471  345345  403403  37.637.6  8.78.7  12.612.6  39.839.8  22.422.4  1.371.37  246246  ‘819'819  16.416.4  16.216.2  20.420.4  67.867.8  397397  438438  417417  34.134.1  7.17.1  11.711.7  61.161.1  26.726.7  0.910.91  247247  ‘819'819  16.716.7  16.716.7  21.221.2  60.960.9  525525  422422  471471  34.634.6  7.57.5  15.215.2  56.356.3  29.229.2  1.241.24  248248  ‘819'819  15.815.8  16.216.2  22.022.0  60.560.5  628628  520520  571571  66.466.4  11.211.2  9.49.4  47.547.5  21.121.1  1.211.21  249249  ‘819'819  16.116.1  16.416.4  22.122.1  59.459.4  636636  458458  540540  62.962.9  10.810.8  10.110.1  42.042.0  20.620.6  1.391.39  250250  B&S，MB&S, M  17.317.3  17.017.0  19.219.2  64.364.3  479479  295295  376376  33.833.8  6.16.1  14.314.3  49.649.6  26.626.6  1.621.62  251251  Mos.IrisMos. Iris  17.517.5  17.517.5  20.020.0  59.759.7  517517  372372  439439  36.736.7  6.26.2  14.114.1  59.759.7  29.029.0  1.391.39  252252  B&S，MB&S, M  16.616.6  16.516.5  19.819.8  67.067.0  487487  359359  418418  27.027.0  5.55.5  17.717.7  65.065.0  34.334.3  1.361.36  253253  B&S，MB&S, M  16.916.9  16.616.6  19.119.1  65.065.0  453453  303303  370370  26.026.0  5.25.2  17.417.4  58.058.0  31.631.6  1.501.50  254254  B&S，MB&S, M  17.017.0  17.017.0  19.419.4  69.169.1  537537  379379  451451  25.625.6  5.35.3  20.820.8  73.873.8  39.239.2  1.421.42

表2-代表性实施例195-272-成品数据(续)Table 2 - Representative Examples 195-272 - Finished Product Data (continued)

实施例Example压花Embossed  感觉柔软度feel softness  柔软度450GMTSoftness 450GMTBWBW厚度thicknessMDMDCDcdGMTGMTMD％MD%CD％CD%  MDBrModMDBrMod  CDBrModCDBrMod  GMBrModGMBrMod  MD/CDMD/CD  255255  Mos.IrisMos.Iris  17.617.6  17.717.7  19.919.9  65.165.1  571571  398398  477477  28.428.4  5.45.4  20.120.1  73.873.8  38.538.5  1.431.43  256256  B&S，MB&S, M  17.017.0  16.916.9  19.319.3  65.865.8  507507  347347  419419  25.225.2  5.45.4  20.020.0  64.364.3  35.835.8  1.461.46  257257  Mos.IrisMos.Iris  18.118.1  18.318.3  19.519.5  65.465.4  603603  427427  507507  31.931.9  5.15.1  18.918.9  83.883.8  39.839.8  1.411.41  258258  B&S，MB&S, M  18.018.0  18.018.0  18.718.7  67.367.3  553553  373373  454454  28.928.9  4.94.9  19.119.1  76.276.2  38.138.1  1.481.48  259259  B&S，MB&S, M  17.917.9  18.018.0  19.019.0  69.069.0  594594  385385  478478  30.030.0  5.35.3  20.820.8  74.374.3  39.039.0  1.541.54  260260  B&SB&S  17.117.1  17.017.0  19.619.6  68.168.1  521521  334334  417417  30.230.2  6.56.5  17.517.5  51.951.9  30.130.1  1.561.56  261261  B&SB&S  16.316.3  16.316.3  20.520.5  76.476.4  513513  401401  454454  39.039.0  8.18.1  13.113.1  49.349.3  25.425.4  1.281.28  262262  DHDH  16.916.9  17.017.0  21.921.9  70.070.0  672672  353353  487487  19.019.0  5.05.0  35.035.0  71.071.0  50.050.0  1.901.90  263263  B&SB&S  16.816.8  17.117.1  22.122.1  64.064.0  700700  406406  533533  21.021.0  4.04.0  34.034.0  94.094.0  57.057.0  1.721.72  264264  无 none  16.616.6  17.317.3  22.522.5  63.063.0  814814  518518  649649  23.023.0  4.04.0  35.035.0  137.0137.0  69.069.0  1.571.57  265265  DHDH  16.616.6  17.417.4  21.821.8  68.068.0  11661166  407407  688688  23.923.9  6.26.2  49.049.0  66.066.0  57.057.0  2.862.86  266266  DHDH  17.617.6  17.717.7  17.017.0  65.065.0  583583  413413  491491  31.031.0  6.06.0  19.019.0  69.069.0  36.036.0  1.411.41  267267  DHDH  17.817.8  17.717.7  22.822.8  77.077.0  485485  385385  432432  32.032.0  6.06.0  15.015.0  68.068.0  32.032.0  1.261.26  268268  DHDH  16.416.4  16.616.6  23.023.0  85.085.0  658658  370370  493493  29.029.0  6.06.0  23.023.0  58.058.0  36.036.0  1.781.78  269269  DHDH  17.917.9  18.018.0  21.121.1  78.078.0  565565  393393  471471  30.030.0  5.05.0  19.019.0  77.077.0  38.038.0  1.441.44  270270  DHDH  17.817.8  18.318.3  21.421.4  84.084.0  792792  431431  584584  31.031.0  6.06.0  25.025.0  76.076.0  44.044.0  1.841.84  271271  M3M3  18.618.6  18.518.5  20.820.8  104.0104.0  629629  291291  428428  25.025.0  7.07.0  25.025.0  41.041.0  32.032.0  2.162.16  272272  DHDH  17.417.4  18.018.0  21.521.5  86.086.0  844844  468468  628628  32.032.0  6.06.0  26.026.0  84.084.0  47.047.0  1.801.80  273273  B&SB&S  16.416.4  16.216.2  21.021.0  72.872.8  482482  367367  421421  21.821.8  4.74.7  22.222.2  78.478.4  41.741.7  1.321.32  274274  B&SB&S  16.216.2  16.116.1  20.420.4  77.977.9  498498  332332  407407  22.122.1  4.94.9  22.522.5  67.567.5  39.039.0  1.501.50  275275  B&SB&S  16.516.5  16.316.3  20.520.5  71.371.3  459459  309309  377377  16.516.5  4.64.6  27.927.9  67.967.9  43.543.5  1.491.49  255255  Mos.IrisMos. Iris  17.617.6  17.717.7  19.919.9  65.165.1  571571  398398  477477  28.428.4  5.45.4  20.120.1  73.873.8  38.538.5  1.431.43  256256  B&S，MB&S, M  17.017.0  16.916.9  19.319.3  65.865.8  507507  347347  419419  25.225.2  5.45.4  20.020.0  64.364.3  35.835.8  1.461.46  257257  Mos.IrisMos. Iris  18.118.1  18.318.3  19.519.5  65.465.4  603603  427427  507507  31.931.9  5.15.1  18.918.9  83.883.8  39.839.8  1.411.41  258258  B&S，MB&S, M  18.018.0  18.018.0  18.718.7  67.367.3  553553  373373  454454  28.928.9  4.94.9  19.119.1  76.276.2  38.138.1  1.481.48  259259  B&S，MB&S, M  17.917.9  18.018.0  19.019.0  69.069.0  594594  385385  478478  30.030.0  5.35.3  20.820.8  74.374.3  39.039.0  1.541.54  260260  B&SB&S  17.117.1  17.017.0  19.619.6  68.168.1  521521  334334  417417  30.230.2  6.56.5  17.517.5  51.951.9  30.130.1  1.561.56  261261  B&SB&S  16.316.3  16.316.3  20.520.5  76.476.4  513513  401401  454454  39.039.0  8.18.1  13.113.1  49.349.3  25.425.4  1.281.28  262262  DHDH  16.916.9  17.017.0  21.921.9  70.070.0  672672  353353  487487  19.019.0  5.05.0  35.035.0  71.071.0  50.050.0  1.901.90  263263  B&SB&S  16.816.8  17.117.1  22.122.1  64.064.0  700700  406406  533533  21.021.0  4.04.0  34.034.0  94.094.0  57.057.0  1.721.72  264264  无 none  16.616.6  17.317.3  22.522.5  63.063.0  814814  518518  649649  23.023.0  4.04.0  35.035.0  137.0137.0  69.069.0  1.571.57  265265  DHDH  16.616.6  17.417.4  21.821.8  68.068.0  11661166  407407  688688  23.923.9  6.26.2  49.049.0  66.066.0  57.057.0  2.862.86  266266  DHDH  17.617.6  17.717.7  17.017.0  65.065.0  583583  413413  491491  31.031.0  6.06.0  19.019.0  69.069.0  36.036.0  1.411.41  267267  DHDH  17.817.8  17.717.7  22.822.8  77.077.0  485485  385385  432432  32.032.0  6.06.0  15.015.0  68.068.0  32.032.0  1.261.26  268268  DHDH  16.416.4  16.616.6  23.023.0  85.085.0  658658  370370  493493  29.029.0  6.06.0  23.023.0  58.058.0  36.036.0  1.781.78  269269  DHDH  17.917.9  18.018.0  21.121.1  78.078.0  565565  393393  471471  30.030.0  5.05.0  19.019.0  77.077.0  38.038.0  1.441.44  270270  DHDH  17.817.8  18.318.3  21.421.4  84.084.0  792792  431431  584584  31.031.0  6.06.0  25.025.0  76.076.0  44.044.0  1.841.84  271271  M3M3  18.618.6  18.518.5  20.820.8  104.0104.0  629629  291291  428428  25.025.0  7.07.0  25.025.0  41.041.0  32.032.0  2.162.16  272272  DHDH  17.417.4  18.018.0  21.521.5  86.086.0  844844  468468  628628  32.032.0  6.06.0  26.026.0  84.084.0  47.047.0  1.801.80

薄织物产品Tissue Products

用这里所述的高含固量织物起绉工艺制造的薄织物产品(非永久湿强度等级，其中柔软度是关键参数)能够使用许多与用于制造手巾产品(永久湿强度等级，其中吸收性是重要的，在使用中的强度是关键的，和柔软度不如在薄织物等级中那么重要)时的相同工艺参数。在任一种类中，能够制造1-层和2-层产品。Tissue products made using the high solids fabric creping process described here (non-permanent wet strength grades, where softness is a key parameter) can be used in many of the same ways as used to make towel products (permanent wet strength grades, where absorbency is important, the same process parameter when in-use strength is critical, and softness is not as important as in tissue grades). In either category, 1-layer and 2-layer products can be manufactured.

纤维：使用高用量的硬木纤维最佳地生产软薄织物产品。这些纤维没有较长的、较强的软木纤维那样粗糙。此外，这些较细、较短的纤维显示出高得多的支数(counts)/每克的纤维。在负像侧，这些硬木纸浆一般含有更细物，它是用于制造纸浆的木结构所引起。除去这些精细物能够增加在最终纸片材中存在的实际纤维的数目。同时，除去这些微细物会减少在干燥过程中的粘结潜力，使得用化学品或在造纸机的干燥端用刮刀起皱来容易地使该片材解粘。从高纤维支数/每克纸浆获得的关键益处是片材不透明度或缺乏透明度。因为甚至在片材被触碰之前在视觉上判断薄织物片性能的一大部分，所以，这一光学性能是质量感知的重要贡献者。软木纤维通常需要提供网眼状结构，硬木纤维能够在该结构上排列来优化柔软度和光学性质。但甚至对于软木而言，纤维粗糙度和纤维根数/每克是重要的性能。长的、薄的、柔性、软木纤维状北方软木比长的、粗糙的，厚的、硬质南方软木有更多根的纤维/每克。纤维选择的净结果是，对于这一技术，与全部其它技术一样，北方软木和低微细物，低粗糙度硬木象桉树木材一样可以制造出在给定的拉伸下比北方硬木更软而且比南方硬木还更加软的片材。Fibers: Soft and thin fabric products are optimally produced using high levels of hardwood fibers. These fibers are less coarse than the longer, stronger softwood fibers. Furthermore, these finer, shorter fibers exhibit much higher counts per gram of fiber. On the negative side, these hardwood pulps generally contain finer matter, which is caused by the wood structure used to make the pulp. Removal of these fines can increase the number of actual fibers present in the final paper sheet. At the same time, removal of these fines reduces the bonding potential during drying, allowing the sheet to be easily debonded with chemicals or creping with a doctor blade at the dry end of the paper machine. A key benefit to be gained from high fiber count per gram of pulp is sheet opacity or lack thereof. This optical property is an important contributor to the perception of quality because a large portion of the performance of the tissue sheet is judged visually even before the sheet is touched. Softwood fibers are often required to provide a mesh-like structure upon which hardwood fibers can be aligned to optimize softness and optical properties. But even for softwoods, fiber roughness and fibers per gram are important properties. Long, thin, flexible, softwood fibrous northern softwoods have more fibers per gram than long, rough, thick, hard southern softwoods. The net result of fiber selection is that, for this technology, as for all other technologies, northern softwoods and low fines, low roughness hardwoods like eucalyptus lumber can be made to be softer than northern hardwoods and less rigid than northern hardwoods at a given stretch. Southern hardwoods also have softer sheets.

化学品：薄织物片材一般使用各种化学品来帮助满足关于特性和柔软度的消费者需求。一般，更优选将干强度化学品施加于纸浆掺混物的长纤维部分上，而不太优选使用匀浆机来扩展拉伸。匀浆精练会产生微细物和倾向于形成更多的更高粘结强度的粘结键，因为匀浆精炼使纤维更柔性，这会提高在干燥过程中纤维-纤维接触的潜力。另一方面，干强度添加剂会提高可用粘结键的强度，但不增加粘结键的数目。此类片材然后终结变得内在地更具柔性，甚至在织物起绉方法的织物起皱步骤之前。将解粘化学品施加于硬木部分上是令人希望的，因此这些硬木纤维具有较低的彼此粘结的倾向，但保存了粘结于软木纤维的网络上的能力，该能力主要是纸的工作拉伸强度的关键所在。在一些情况下，临时湿强度剂也可以与软木和硬木纤维一起添加来改进湿强度特性的感知，但不牺牲冲洗能力或腐化池安全性。Chemicals: Tissue sheets typically use a variety of chemicals to help meet consumer demands for properties and softness. In general, it is more preferred to apply dry strength chemicals to the long fiber portion of the pulp blend and less preferred to use a leveler for extended drawing. Sizing produces fines and tends to form more bonds of higher bond strength because sizing makes fibers more flexible, which increases the potential for fiber-to-fiber contact during drying. Dry strength additives, on the other hand, increase the strength of available cohesive bonds without increasing the number of cohesive bonds. Such sheets then end up becoming inherently more flexible, even prior to the fabric creping step of the fabric creping process. It is desirable to apply debonding chemicals to hardwood sections, so that the hardwood fibers have a lower tendency to stick to each other, but retain the ability to stick to the network of softwood fibers, which is primarily that of paper. The key to working tensile strength. In some cases, temporary wet strength agents may also be added with softwood and hardwood fibers to improve the perception of wet strength properties without sacrificing flushability or decay pool safety.

织物起绉：这一工艺步骤主要带来薄织物片材的独特和令人希望的性能。增加织物起皱会提高厚度和减少拉伸。此外，织物起皱改变了在基础片材中测量的拉伸比率，让片材具有相等的MD/CD拉伸或让片材具有比CD拉伸更低的MD拉伸。然而，希望薄织物片材在两个方向上显示出相等的拉伸，因为大多数的产品是以与片材方向无关的方式使用。例如，在卫生纸中的“捅透(poke through)”受到这一拉伸比率连同以下事实的影响：织物起皱比普通的技术产生更高的CD拉伸率，尤其在较低的MD/CD比率下。对于其它技术，相同的拉伸材料难以穿过高速加工设备，归因于在边缘上引发的撕裂倾向于在整个片材上传播，从而引起破裂的倾向。与普通的产品相反，利用本发明方法制造的相同拉伸比率的织物起绉片材保留了沿着MD方向撕裂的倾向，因此显示出了自体愈合的倾向，使得首先边缘撕裂并开始传播到该片材中。这一出乎意外的和独特的性能连同在这一步骤中伸入到该片材中的该拉伸耐拔拉的性能一起允许在1或1以下的拉伸比率下有高效、高速的操作。此外，这些相同的性能导致了在最终产品的穿孔上净撕裂。薄织物产品的织物起绉水平是约30％到约60％。尽管更高水平的是可能的，但是这一范围考虑到各种各样的质量水平，但在造纸机的生产能力上没有变化。Fabric Creping: This process step primarily brings about the unique and desirable properties of the tissue sheet. Increasing fabric creping will increase thickness and reduce stretch. In addition, fabric creping changes the stretch ratio measured in the base sheet, giving the sheet either equal MD/CD stretch or giving the sheet a lower MD stretch than CD stretch. However, it is desirable for the tissue sheet to exhibit equal stretch in both directions, since most products are used in a manner independent of the sheet orientation. For example, "poke through" in toilet paper is affected by this stretch ratio in conjunction with the fact that fabric creping produces higher CD stretch than conventional techniques, especially at lower MD/CD ratio down. For other technologies, the same stretched material has difficulty passing through high speed processing equipment due to the tendency for tears initiated at the edges to propagate throughout the sheet, causing rupture. Contrary to conventional products, fabric-creped sheets of the same stretch ratio produced using the method of the present invention retain a tendency to tear along the MD direction and thus exhibit a tendency to self-heal such that the edges tear first and start to propagate into the sheet. This unexpected and unique property, together with the tensile pull-out resistance that is extended into the sheet during this step, allows efficient, high-speed operation at draw ratios of 1 or less . Furthermore, these same properties result in a net tear on the perforation of the final product. The fabric crepe level of the tissue product is from about 30% to about 60%. This range allows for a wide variety of quality levels, although higher levels are possible, with no variation in paper machine capacity.

织物：织物的设计是该工艺的突出方面。但是织物的参数超过了编织到其中的凹陷(depressions)的尺寸和深度。它们的形状和布置也是非常重要的。构成机织织物的线条的直径同样是重要的。例如，处在凹陷(该片材起绉进入该凹陷中)的引导边缘上的关节(knuckle)的尺寸决定了织物起绉比率和基重的参数，在这些参数下在片材中出现孔穴。该挑战，尤其对于薄织物等级，是使这些凹陷变得尽可能深且同时有尽可能最细的线条直径，因此允许更大的织物起绉比率，从而在给定的比率下导致更大的片材厚度。显然，织物设计需要根据所生产的片材的重量来变化。例如，具有高的强度，厚度和柔软度的很高质量的、优质的2-层手纸能够在44M-设计织物上制造。该44G也能够用于制造具有非常好的结果的更重(至多2x)重量单层片材。织物设计的另一个性能是在片材中形成图案。一些织物设计能够赋予非常值得注意的图案而其它织物设计会产生似乎消失在背景中的图案。常常消费者想看到在倒置时进入到片材中的压花图案并且在这种情况下较少片材图案也许是更令人希望的。一些等级可以在没有压花的情况下制造出来和因此由织物起皱步骤赋予的更明显图案将帮助为片材赋予“优质”外观。消费者倾向于将素片材看作低质量、低价的产品。Fabric: The design of the fabric is the prominent aspect of this craft. But the parameters of the fabric go beyond the size and depth of the depressions woven into it. Their shape and arrangement are also very important. The diameter of the threads making up the woven fabric is also important. For example, the size of the knuckle on the leading edge of the depression into which the sheet is creped determines the parameters of fabric creping ratio and basis weight at which voids occur in the sheet. The challenge, especially for thin fabric grades, is to make these depressions as deep as possible while having the thinnest possible thread diameter, thus allowing a greater fabric creping ratio, resulting in a greater creping ratio for a given ratio. Sheet thickness. Obviously, the fabric design needs to vary according to the weight of the sheet being produced. For example, very high quality, premium 2-ply toilet paper with high strength, thickness and softness can be made on 44M-design fabric. This 44G can also be used to make heavier (up to 2x) weight single ply sheets with very good results. Another property of fabric design is the formation of patterns in the sheet. Some fabric designs are able to impart very noticeable patterns while others create patterns that seem to disappear into the background. Often consumers want to see the embossed pattern that goes into the sheet when inverted and in this case less sheet pattern may be more desirable. Some grades can be made without embossing and thus the more pronounced pattern imparted by the fabric creping step will help give the sheet a "premium" look. Consumers tend to view plain sheet as a low-quality, low-priced product.

起绉：因为在本发明的典型织物起绉工艺中该片材被转移到杨克式干燥器中以便进行最后干燥，该片材能够(和通常)从这一干燥器上起绉进一步增强该柔软度。薄织物产品从可以为片材增加厚度和柔软度的这一起皱步骤大大地受益。在该片材的杨克(干燥器)侧上尤其倾向于形成光滑表面。此外，因为卷筒起绉和织物起绉的比率能够与生产速率(卷筒速度)无关地进行变化，在改变最终片材的性能上有相当大的宽容度。提高该卷筒起绉/织物起绉比率会减少纸的双侧边度，因为较低织物起绉将需要一定水平的MD拉伸。在纸中有不突出的“眉毛”结构，它会影响两侧边度。此外，提高该比率也会提高该不透明度和在相同的所测量的厚度(caliper)下的厚度(thickness)的感知。常常希望维持合理的比率(比如说25-50％卷筒起绉/织物起绉)以增强与片材的外观质量有关的这些“无形”性能的消费者感知度。Creping: Because in the typical fabric creping process of this invention the sheet is transferred to a Yankee dryer for final drying, the sheet can (and usually does) crepe from this dryer to further enhance the softness. Tissue products benefit greatly from this creping step which can add thickness and softness to the sheet. A slippery surface tends especially to form on the Yankee (dryer) side of the sheet. Furthermore, because the ratio of roll creping to fabric creping can be varied independently of the production rate (roll speed), there is considerable latitude in changing the properties of the final sheet. Increasing the reel crepe/fabric crepe ratio reduces the two-sided edgeness of the paper, since lower fabric crepe will require a certain level of MD stretch. There are unprotruded "eyebrow" structures in the paper, which affect the side edge. Furthermore, increasing the ratio also increases the perception of opacity and thickness at the same measured caliper. It is often desirable to maintain a reasonable ratio (say 25-50% roll crepe/fabric crepe) to enhance consumer perception of these "intangible" properties related to the apparent quality of the sheet.

压延：无论如何，更多的压延是更好的，只要在片材中维持合理水平的厚度以供后续转换(convert)用。太少的厚度则需要太多的压花，这会降低总质量。因此，生产优质卫生纸的一个策略是使用最粗糙的织物但在片材中不形成孔穴，降低织物起皱水平，这样更多的MD拉伸率将来自卷筒起绉部分和仍然在压延之前获得足够的厚度，从而在压延步骤中除去这一厚度的至少约20-40％。这些压延水平倾向于减少片材的侧边度。另外地，优质片材能够用更细的织物但以更低的卷筒起绉/织物起绉比率来制备。因为更细织物生产出更多、更小的圆穹，更多织物起皱能够用于获得希望的厚度但不过度增大侧边度。在大多数情况下，获得了减少的侧边度。在这一情况下卷筒起绉/织物起绉比率能够低到约5-10％。压延因此能够最大化来实现希望的柔软度。当因为织物起皱显著地降低拉伸强度而使用较强纤维时和当织物的设计在片材中产生低于平均两侧边度时，这一方法是令人希望的。Calendering : More calendering is better anyway, as long as a reasonable level of thickness is maintained in the sheet for subsequent convert. Too little thickness and too much embossing is required, which reduces the overall quality. So one strategy to produce premium toilet paper is to use the roughest fabric but without forming holes in the sheet, reduce the level of fabric creping so that more of the MD stretch will come from the creping section of the roll and still be obtained before calendering Sufficient thickness such that at least about 20-40% of this thickness is removed in the calendering step. These levels of calendering tend to reduce the sidedness of the sheet. Alternatively, premium sheets can be produced with finer fabrics but at lower roll-crepe/fabric-crepe ratios. Since finer fabrics produce more, smaller domes, more fabric creping can be used to achieve the desired thickness without excessively increasing the side edge. In most cases, reduced laterality is obtained. In this case the roll crepe/fabric crepe ratio can be as low as about 5-10%. Calendering can thus be maximized to achieve the desired softness. This approach is desirable when stronger fibers are used because fabric wrinkling significantly reduces tensile strength and when the design of the fabric produces a lower than average side edge in the sheet.

手巾产品Towel Products

手巾产品按照与薄织物片材类似的方式在各种工艺参数上表现。然而，在很多情况下手巾产品利用相同的参数但在相反的方向上有在相同方向上的一些。例如，两种产品形成希望的厚度，因为厚度直接与在薄织物产品中的柔软度和在手巾产品中的吸收性相关。在下面参数中，仅仅讨论与薄织物情形之间的差异。The towel product performed on various process parameters in a similar manner to the tissue sheet. However, in many cases towel products utilize the same parameters but some in the same direction in opposite directions. For example, the two products form a desired caliper because caliper is directly related to softness in tissue products and absorbency in towel products. In the following parameters, only the differences from the case of thin fabrics are discussed.

纤维：手巾在使用时需要功能性强度，这通常指当润湿时的情形。为了达到这些所需的拉伸，长的软木纤维是以与薄织物产品的比率大致相反的比率来使用。70到90％软木纤维的比率是常见的。匀浆法能够使用但倾向于闭合该片材，以致于后续的织物起皱不能“打开”该结构。这导致更缓慢的吸收速率和更低的容量。与薄织物产品不同，微细物(fines)能够在手巾片材中使用，只要不使用太多的硬木就行，因为这再次倾向于闭合该片材并且还会减少它的拉伸能力。Fibers : Towels require functional strength in use, usually when wet. To achieve these desired stretches, long cork fibers are used in approximately the opposite ratio to that of the tissue product. Ratios of 70 to 90 percent softwood fibers are common. Sizing can be used but tends to close the sheet so that subsequent fabric creping cannot "open" the structure. This results in a slower rate of absorption and lower capacity. Unlike tissue products, fines can be used in the towel sheet as long as not too much hardwood is used as this again tends to close the sheet and also reduces its ability to stretch.

化学品：令人吃惊地，解粘剂也能够用于手巾！但它们的使用必须审慎地进行。同样地，纤维的匀浆精炼需要调节到较低水平，以保持该片材畅通和快的吸收。因此通常添加化学品强度剂。当然必须添加湿强度化学品以防止在使用中的扯碎。但为了达到高的湿拉伸水平，湿拉伸与干拉伸的比率必须最大化。如果干拉伸水平变得太高，则手巾片材变得太“纸状”并且由消费者判断为低质量。因此，添加湿强度剂和CMC来将CD湿/干比率从典型的25％提高到希望的30-35％范围。然后为了生产更软片材(和因此由消费者感觉为更优质的片材)，能够添加解粘剂，后者优先地减少CD干拉伸，与湿值相比。解粘剂和软化剂也能够被喷雾到片材上，在此之后干燥进一步改进触觉性能。Chemicals : Surprisingly, the debonding agent can also be used for hand towels! But their use must be done judiciously. Likewise, the refining of the fibers needs to be adjusted to a low level in order to maintain smooth and fast absorption of the sheet. Therefore chemical strength agents are usually added. Of course wet strength chemicals must be added to prevent tearing in use. But in order to achieve high wet stretch levels, the ratio of wet stretch to dry stretch must be maximized. If the dry stretch level becomes too high, the towel sheet becomes too "papery" and is judged to be of low quality by consumers. Therefore, wet strength agents and CMC are added to increase the CD wet/dry ratio from the typical 25% to the desired 30-35% range. Then in order to produce a softer sheet (and thus a sheet perceived as higher quality by the consumer), a debonder can be added which preferentially reduces the CD dry stretch, compared to the wet value. Detackifiers and softeners can also be sprayed onto the sheet, after which it dries to further improve tactile properties.

织物起绉：增加该织物起皱会直接提高该吸收性。因此希望将织物起皱最大化。然而，FC也减少拉伸，因此有一个必须维持的平衡。手巾片材有时不能显示出高水平的MD拉伸，因为所使用的分配器(dispensers)的类型。在这些情况下FC必须也加以限制。因此，手巾需要平均比薄织物片材更粗糙的织物设计。此外，因为这些湿片材典型地显示出相当大的湿强度，它们更难以在与薄织物片材相同的稠度下模塑。Fabric Crepe : Increasing the fabric crepe directly increases the absorbency. It is therefore desirable to maximize fabric wrinkling. However, FC also reduces stretch, so there is a balance that must be maintained. Towel sheets sometimes do not exhibit high levels of MD stretch because of the type of dispensers used. In these cases the FC must also be limited. Therefore, towels require a rougher fabric design on average than tissue sheets. Furthermore, because these wet sheets typically exhibit considerable wet strength, they are more difficult to mold at the same consistency as tissue sheets.

织物：更粗糙的织物对于手巾一般是令人希望的。双层手巾片材典型地以良好结果在44G或36G织物或更粗糙织物上制得，虽然良好结果能够用更细织物获得，尤其如果该织物起绉比率得到提高。单层片材常常需要甚至更粗糙的织物连同其它技术一起来制备可接受的片材。在片材中更长的纤维和更高的强度允许这些织物的使用和在片材中出现孔穴之前有更高的FC比率。Fabric : A coarser fabric is generally desirable for hand towels. Two-ply towel sheets are typically made with good results on 44G or 36G fabrics or coarser, although good results can be obtained with finer fabrics, especially if the fabric crepe ratio is increased. Single ply sheets often require even coarser fabrics along with other techniques to produce acceptable sheets. Longer fibers and higher strength in the sheet allow the use of these fabrics and higher FC ratios before voids appear in the sheet.

起绉：在手巾片材上进行极少的起皱。起皱确实提高厚度，但按照与CWP片材类似的方式来进行。这一厚度在润湿时会消失并且该片材膨胀。当润湿时，从织物起皱产生的厚度在功能上象干海绵。该片材在Z方向上膨胀并能够在MD与CD方向上收缩。这一行为大大地增加手巾的可觉察的吸收性并使它们看起来类似TAD手巾。在很多情况下，Taurus技术的锯齿状刮刀与织物起绉工艺的结合使用可以改进手巾片材的吸收性，厚度，和柔软度。该CD刚硬性下降，同时CD拉伸率得到提高。在刮刀上产生的厚度越高允许更多的压延和因此带来更多的片材光滑度。在一些情况下希望在不起绉的情况下从杨克式干燥器上拔起该片材。这也许是盥洗室手巾的情况，其中柔软度与在卷筒上获得更多纸片材相比是次要的。参见Druecke等人的美国专利No.6,187,137以及与本申请同日提交的悬而未决的美国专利申请No和          ，代理案卷No 12389P1和12611P1。Creping : Minimal creping was performed on the towel sheet. Creping does increase caliper, but in a similar manner to CWP sheets. This thickness disappears when wet and the sheet swells. When wet, the thickness resulting from fabric creping functions like a dry sponge. The sheet expands in the Z direction and is capable of shrinking in the MD and CD directions. This action greatly increases the perceived absorbency of the towels and makes them appear similar to TAD towels. In many cases, the combination of Taurus Technology's serrated scraper and fabric creping improves the absorbency, thickness, and softness of towel sheets. The CD stiffness decreases while the CD elongation increases. The higher thickness produced on the doctor blade allows more calendering and thus more smoothness of the sheet. In some cases it is desirable to pull the sheet from the Yankee without creping. This may be the case for bathroom towels where softness is secondary to getting more paper sheets on the roll. See US Patent No. 6,187,137 to Druecke et al. and co-pending US Patent Application Nos. and , Attorney Docket Nos. 12389P1 and 12611P1, filed on the same date as this application.

压延：由于两个关键理由，手巾片材从压延受益。首先，压延使该片材变光滑和改进该触觉感。其次，它“压破”由织物为该片材的触感赋予更多Z方向深度所产生的圆穹并且常常在给定的厚度下改进吸收性能。Calendering : Towel sheets benefit from calendering for two key reasons. First, calendering smoothes the sheet and improves the tactile feel. Second, it "crushes" the domes created by the fabric to impart more Z-direction depth to the feel of the sheet and often improves absorbency performance at a given thickness.

薄织物的数据概述Data overview for thin fabrics

几个造纸机加工工具和压花图案用来生产1层零售和商品的草纸。工艺参数包括：织物起绉％，卷筒起绉％，软化剂添加量，软化剂类型，软化剂定位，纤维类型，HW/SW比率，压延荷载，橡胶和钢压延，起皱织物式样，MD/CD比率和杨克式涂覆化学品。压花图案包括：‘819，M3，双心，蝶形和旋流形，有微型(Micro)和马赛克(Mosaic)彩虹的蝶形和旋流形。最佳的商品1层草纸(BRT)原型含有40％北方HW和60％再生纤维，在20磅基重和450GMT，实现17.5感觉柔软度。最佳的零售1层BRT原型含有80％南方HW和20％南方SW，在20.5磅基重和450GMT，实现16.9感觉柔软度。Several paper machine tooling and embossing patterns are used to produce 1-ply retail and merchandising straw paper. Process parameters include: fabric crepe %, drum crepe %, softener addition, softener type, softener positioning, fiber type, HW/SW ratio, calender load, rubber and steel calendering, creping fabric style, MD /CD ratio and Yankee coating chemistry. Embossed patterns include: '819, M3, Double Heart, Butterfly and Swirl, Butterfly and Swirl in Micro and Mosaic rainbows. The best commercial 1-ply straw paper (BRT) prototype contained 40% Northern HW and 60% recycled fibers, achieving a sensory softness of 17.5 at a basis weight of 20 lbs and 450 GMT. The best retail 1-story BRT prototype contained 80% Southern HW and 20% Southern SW, achieving a sensory softness of 16.9 at a basis weight of 20.5 lbs and 450GMT.

该目标包括确定：使用南方硬木(HW)和软木(SW)生产具有17.0的感觉柔软度的1层零售薄织物的工艺要求；使用HW和再生纤维生产具有17.0的感觉柔软度的1层商品薄织物的工艺要求以及纤维和其它工艺参数对于感觉柔软度和物理性能的影响。This goal includes determining: process requirements for producing a 1-ply retail tissue with a sensory softness of 17.0 using southern hardwood (HW) and softwood (SW); producing a 1-ply merchandise tissue with a sensory softness of 17.0 using HW and recycled fibers Fabric processing requirements and the effect of fiber and other processing parameters on sensory softness and physical properties.

17.0的该商品1层BRT感觉柔软度是在20磅基重下实现的。消费者试验将决定了减少的基重对于产品的消费者接受程度的影响。The commodity 1 ply BRT sensory softness of 17.0 was achieved at a basis weight of 20 lbs. Consumer trials will determine the effect of the reduced basis weight on the consumer acceptance of the product.

通过使用南方HW和SW以21.4磅/3000平方英尺制造1层零售薄织物，在450GMT下实现的最高感觉柔软度是16.9。The highest sensory softness achieved at 450GMT was 16.9 by making 1 ply retail tissue at 21.4 lbs/3000 sq. ft. using Southern HW and SW.

通过使用南方HW和SW以20.5磅/3000平方英尺制造1层零售薄织物，在450GMT下实现的最高感觉柔软度是16.9。The highest sensory softness achieved at 450GMT was 16.9 by making 1 ply retail tissue at 20.5 lbs/3000 sq. ft. using Southern HW and SW.

通过使用40％HW和60％再生纤维(FRF)以20.2磅/3000平方英尺制造1层商品薄织物，在450GMT下实现的最高感觉柔软度是17.5。对于这里报道的全部工作，平均感觉柔软度是16.9。通过使用100％FRF以22.1磅/3000平方英尺制造1层商品薄织物PS，在450GMT下实现的最高感觉柔软度是16.4。The highest sensory softness achieved at 450 GMT was 17.5 by making 1 ply commodity tissue at 20.2 lbs/3000 sq. ft. using 40% HW and 60% recycled fiber (FRF). For the total work reported here, the average perceived softness was 16.9. By making 1 ply commodity tissue PS at 22.1 lbs/3000 sq. ft. using 100% FRF, the highest sensory softness achieved at 450 GMT was 16.4.

通过使用Aracruz HW和Marathon SW以19.8磅/3000平方英尺制造1层零售薄织物，在450GMT下实现的最高感觉柔软度是18.3。对于这里报道的全部工作，平均感觉柔软度是18.0。The highest perceived softness achieved at 450GMT was 18.3 by using Aracruz HW and Marathon SW to manufacture 1 ply retail tissue at 19.8 lbs/3000 sqft. For all the jobs reported here, the average perceived softness was 18.0.

钢/钢压延导致在等同荷载下更高的厚度减少和更高的感觉柔软度，与橡胶/钢丝压延相比。Steel/steel calendering results in higher thickness reduction and higher sensory softness at equivalent loads compared to rubber/steel wire calendering.

增加压延荷载似乎增大了感觉柔软度，但在高于65PLI下压延会减少柔软度，当使用原始的HW和再生纤维时。对于HW和SW，80PLI是上限。Increasing the calendering load seems to increase the perceived softness, but calendering above 65 PLI reduces the softness when virgin HW and recycled fibers are used. For HW and SW, 80PLI is the upper limit.

在恒定的行起绉％下，织物起绉％的增加导致CD拉伸率的提高和CD破裂模量的下降。然而，在恒定的GMT下成品感觉柔软度没有受影响。At a constant % line crepe, an increase in % fabric crepe resulted in an increase in CD stretch and a decrease in CD modulus of rupture. However, finished product sensory softness was not affected at constant GMT.

在恒定的行起绉％下，改变织物起绉％-对-卷筒起绉％的各自量不影响感觉柔软度。At constant row crepe %, varying the respective amounts of % fabric crepe-to-roll crepe % did not affect sensory softness.

在这一研究中使用的起皱织物的类型影响到基片厚度，但不显著地影响感觉柔软度。粗网眼织物产生更高基片厚度和允许更高压延水平。The type of creping fabric used in this study affected substrate thickness but did not significantly affect perceived softness. Coarse mesh fabrics yield higher substrate thicknesses and allow for higher calendering levels.

具有1.0MD/CD拉伸比率(MD拉伸等于CD拉伸)的1-层BRT在感觉柔软度上等于具有1.8的传统MD/CD比率(更高的MD拉伸)的1-层BRT。在这种情况下，柔软度取决于GMT，但不是CD强度或CD模量。A 1-ply BRT with a 1.0 MD/CD stretch ratio (MD stretch equal to CD stretch) is equivalent in sensory softness to a 1-ply BRT with a conventional MD/CD ratio of 1.8 (higher MD stretch). In this case, softness depends on GMT, but not CD strength or CD modulus.

造纸供料效果Paper feeding effect

在表3和4中的纤维混合物是在类似的工艺条件下进行，并生产1层BRT。感觉柔软度进行测量并使用来自附件的数据中的强度-柔软度值用下式调节到450GMT：(感觉柔软度)+((450-GMT)*(-0.0035))。桉树和Marathon SW造纸供料导致比其它供料高得多的柔软度。该南方HW和SW供料目前用于零售2-层薄织物。它是在PM#2上开发1-层BRT原型时目前使用的造纸供料。用Marathon SW替代南方SW稍微地改进柔软度(第一表)。迄今，16.9是在450GMT下实现的最佳感觉柔软度(第二表)。仅仅含有南方纤维的全部工作的平均值是16.4。在450GMT下实现该17.0感觉柔软度目标代表了重要的技术挑战。本发明的织物起绉工艺生产出极低模量片材，它是零售或商品BRT可接受的。然而，因为该片材用织物贴附于杨克干燥器上，在干燥器上有较少的接触面积。在杨克起皱过程中，与通常用毡贴附于杨克干燥器上相比，该片材表面发生更低程度光滑化。这导致法兰绒状触感，与普通起皱的丝状触感不同。片材的气流侧，与在普通的湿压起皱中一样，不如干燥器侧光滑。在1-层产品中该气流侧有助于总体柔软度，因为它不能象在2-层产品中那样隐藏到内部。这一结合会导致更低的感觉柔软度评级。改进柔软度的当前途径是用较粗糙的起皱织物增长厚度，添加软化剂和用“高”荷载压延使该片材变光滑并减少两侧边度。薄织物(商品)供料，用于1-层BRT，将是40％北方HW和60％再生纤维。在下表中，FRF是Fox River再生的湿式叠加纤维(wet-lap)。FRF是高亮度再生纤维。尽管仅仅少数的数据点，17.5感觉柔软度迄今为止是最佳的。平均值迄今是16.9。这里该17.0柔软度目标是较低挑战。在下面表中的全部数据是掺混式基片的。HW和SW通常在单独的制浆机中制备并且从不同的柜中运行。该纤维通常在风扇式泵中掺混，产生纤维的均质掺混物。The fiber blends in Tables 3 and 4 were run under similar process conditions and produced 1 layer BRT. Sensory softness was measured and adjusted to 450GMT using the strength-softness value from the attached data with the following formula: (sensory softness)+((450-GMT)*(-0.0035)). Eucalyptus and Marathon SW paper furnishes resulted in much higher softness than the other furnishes. The Southern HW and SW supplies are currently used for retail 2-ply muslins. It is the current paper feed used in the development of the 1-tier BRT prototype onPM#2. Substituting Marathon SW for Southern SW slightly improves softness (first table). 16.9 is by far the best sensory softness achieved at 450GMT (second table). The average for all jobs containing only Southern fiber was 16.4. Achieving this 17.0 sensory softness target at 450GMT represented a significant technical challenge. The fabric creping process of the present invention produces an extremely low modulus sheet which is acceptable for retail or commodity BRT. However, because the sheet is attached to the Yankee dryer with fabric, there is less contact area on the dryer. During the Yankee creping process, the surface of the sheet material is smoothed to a lesser degree than is normally felt when attached to a Yankee dryer. This results in a flannel-like feel, as opposed to the normal wrinkled, silky feel. The airflow side of the sheet, as in conventional wet pressing creping, is not as smooth as the dryer side. In 1-ply products this airflow side contributes to the overall softness because it cannot be hidden inside as it can in 2-ply products. This combination results in lower sensory softness ratings. The current approach to improving softness is to increase the thickness with a coarser creping fabric, add softeners and "high" load calendering to smooth the sheet and reduce side edge. The tissue (commodity) feedstock, for the 1-ply BRT, will be 40% Northern HW and 60% recycled fiber. In the table below, FRF is Fox River regenerated wet-lap fiber. FRF is a high brightness regenerated fiber. Despite only a handful of data points, 17.5 feels softer by far the best. The average so far is 16.9. Here the 17.0 softness target is a lower challenge. All data in the tables below are for blended substrates. HW and SW are usually prepared in separate pulpers and run from different cabinets. The fibers are typically blended in a fan pump, resulting in a homogeneous blend of fibers.

表3table 3

表4Table 4

橡胶/钢压延Rubber/steel calendering

为了减少1层BRT的双侧边度，橡胶辊和普通的钢压延辊与普通的钢/钢压延对比。该橡胶辊放置在片材的干燥器侧。下表5-7显示了使用不同硬度的橡胶辊时压延荷载对于基片厚度的影响。两个橡胶辊对于等同的压延荷载导致类似水平的厚度减少。该钢/钢辊在等同荷载下导致高得多的厚度减少，从下面的图中看出。比(标称)80P+J辊更硬的56P+J辊应该在等同荷载下已引起更多厚度损失。该(标称)80P+J辊先前已经使用和它的实际测量P+J值是70。它的覆盖厚度是5/8英寸，相比之下对于56P+J辊是1英寸。对于具有5/8-英寸覆盖厚度的70P+J辊而言的计算辊隙宽度稍微低于具有1-英寸覆盖度的56P+J辊的值。这解释了对于“80P+J”辊见到的更高的厚度减少。In order to reduce the bilateral sideness of 1-ply BRT, rubber rolls and common steel calender rolls were compared with common steel/steel calenders. The rubber roller was placed on the dryer side of the sheet. Tables 5-7 below show the effect of calendering load on substrate thickness using rubber rollers of different hardness. Both rubber rollers resulted in similar levels of thickness reduction for equivalent calendering loads. This steel/steel roll results in a much higher thickness reduction under equivalent load, as can be seen from the graph below. The 56P+J roll, which is stiffer than the (nominal) 80P+J roll, should have caused more gauge loss at the same load. This (nominal) 80P+J roll had been used previously and its actual measured P+J value was 70. Its cover thickness is 5/8 inch, compared to 1 inch for the 56P+J roll. The calculated nip width for the 70P+J roll with 5/8-inch coverage is slightly lower than the value for the 56P+J roll with 1-inch coverage. This explains the higher thickness reduction seen for the "80P+J" roll.

表5table 5

  压延机类型Type of calender  压延机荷载，PLICalender load,PLI  8个片材厚度，密耳*8 Sheet Thicknesses, Mils*  厚度减少，％Thickness reduction, %  80P+J/钢80P+J/steel  00  88.588.5  --  80P+J/钢80P+J/steel  2525  77.577.5  12.412.4  80P+J/钢80P+J/steel  5555  71.171.1  19.719.7  80P+J/钢80P+J/steel  8080  67.167.1  24.224.2  80P+J/钢80P+J/steel  100100  64.464.4  27.227.2

*21磅(lb)基片*21 pound (lb) substrate

表6Table 6

  压延机类型Type of calender  压延机荷载，PLICalender load,PLI  8个片材厚度，密耳*8 Sheet Thicknesses, Mils*  厚度减少，％Thickness reduction, %  56P+J/钢56P+J/steel  00  89.489.4  --  56P+J/钢56P+J/Steel  2525  80.080.0  11.711.7  56P+J/钢56P+J/Steel  5050  75.775.7  15.415.4  56P+J/钢56P+J/Steel  5050  75.975.9  15.115.1  56P+J/钢56P+J/Steel  8080  72.472.4  18.918.9  56P+J/钢56P+J/steel  8080  73.273.2  18.118.1  56P+J/钢56P+J/steel  100100  72.972.9  18.418.4  56P+J/钢56P+J/steel  200200  65.965.9  26.326.3  56P+J/钢56P+J/steel  200200  65.665.6  26.626.6

*23磅(lb)基片*23 pound (lb) substrate

表7Table 7

  压延机类型Type of calender  压延机荷载，PLICalender load,PLI  8个片材厚度，密耳*8 Sheet Thicknesses, Mils*  厚度减少，％Thickness reduction, %  钢/钢steel/steel  00  86.186.1  --  钢/钢steel/steel  2525  69.469.4  19.319.3  钢/钢steel/steel  2525  72.872.8  15.415.4  钢/钢steel/steel  5050  61.461.4  28.728.7  钢/钢steel/steel  5050  61.861.8  28.228.2  钢/钢steel/steel  8080  55.555.5  35.535.5  钢/钢steel/steel  100100  54.754.7  36.436.4  钢/钢steel/steel  200200  49.549.5  42.442.4

*23磅(lb)基片*23 pound (lb) substrate

随着压延载荷增长，对于全部类型的压延辊，双侧边度显著减少。然而，用橡胶/钢辊压延的片材触感不如钢/钢压延基片那样柔软。图9表明在给定的GMT下，感觉柔软度比钢/钢压延片材高了约0.4柔软度单位。As the calendering load increases, the two-sided edge decreases significantly for all types of calendering rolls. However, sheets calendered with rubber/steel rollers were not as soft to the touch as steel/steel calendered substrates. Figure 9 shows that at a given GMT, the perceived softness is about 0.4 softness units higher than the steel/steel calendered sheet.

几个基片通过使用该钢/钢辊在不同的荷载下压延。压延站位于造纸机上的卷筒之前。这些基片然后在转化成1-层BRT过程中被压花。下面的图显示，压延机荷载对于含有优质纤维(即桉树HW和MarathonSW)的片材的感觉柔软度有较小影响。对于含有北方HW和Fox River次级纤维的片材，柔软度在65PLI压延机荷载下得到改进，但是当压延机荷载增加到80PLI时会减少。随着压延机荷载增加，该南方片材稍微地增加柔软度。可变的工艺条件和不同的压花图案使得难以定量化对于柔软度的压延效应。然而，似乎表明一些压延会改进柔软度，但过度压延会降低柔软度。Several substrates were calendered under different loads by using the steel/steel rolls. The calendering station is located before the rolls on the paper machine. These substrates were then embossed during conversion into 1-ply BRTs. The graphs below show that the calender load has a minor effect on the perceived softness of the sheets containing premium fibers (ie Eucalyptus HW and MarathonSW). For sheets containing northern HW and Fox River secondary fibers, softness improved at a calender load of 65 PLI, but decreased when the calender load was increased to 80 PLI. The southern sheet increased softness slightly as the calender load increased. Variable process conditions and different embossing patterns make it difficult to quantify the effect of calendering on softness. However, it appears that some calendering improves softness, but over-calendering reduces softness.

喷软化剂对比spray softener comparison

Hercules D1152，TQ456和TQ236作为被加到片材的气流侧上的喷雾软化剂来进行对比。下面表显示该结果。当对于GMT进行调节时，在软化剂之间没有柔软度差异。Hercules M-5118也作为喷雾软化剂来试验。这一材料是聚丙二醇醚，是现有技术中已知的。然而，当它以2磅/T的量被喷雾到片材的气流侧上时，尽管该片材处于4-英尺干燥器(转移圆筒，图3)上，该片材无法粘附于该起皱织物上。当喷雾位于片材的干燥器侧上时，在吸取转向辊(STR)之前的毡上或在实心压力辊(SPR)之前的起皱织物上，该片材分别都不粘附于4-英尺干燥器或杨克式干燥器上。另一种软化剂不导致粘合性问题和不会负面影响在2磅/吨下的杨克涂覆。然而，在4磅/吨和更高的涂覆量下，全部导致不稳定的杨克涂层。结果给出在表8中。Hercules D1152, TQ456 and TQ236 were compared as spray softeners added to the airflow side of the sheet. The table below shows the result. There was no difference in softness between softeners when adjusted for GMT. Hercules M-5118 was also tested as a spray softener. This material is polypropylene glycol ether, known in the art. However, when it was sprayed onto the airflow side of the sheet at 2 lbs/T, the sheet failed to adhere to the on wrinkled fabric. When the spray is on the dryer side of the sheet, the sheet does not adhere to the 4-ft. dryer or Yankee dryer. Another softener did not cause adhesion problems and did not negatively impact Yankee coating at 2 lbs/ton. However, at coating weights of 4 lb/ton and higher, all resulted in unstable Yankee coatings. The results are given in Table 8.

表8Table 8

  压花图案embossed pattern  压延辊Calender roll  喷雾软化剂Spray softener  软化剂，磅/吨Softener, lb/ton  在450GMT下的感觉柔软度FEEL SOFTNESS AT 450GMT  ‘819'819  80P+J/钢80P+J/steel  TQ236TQ236  2 2  16.116.1  ‘819'819  80P+J/钢80P+J/steel  D1152D1152  2 2  16.116.1  ‘819'819  56P+J/钢56P+J/steel  D1152D1152  2 2  16.216.2  ‘819'819  56P+J/钢56P+J/Steel  TQ456TQ456  2 2  16.116.1

湿端软化剂对比Wet End Softener Comparison

软化剂以高达16磅/吨的水平在稠厚备料(通常HW)中的湿端添加是可能的，但不产生杨克涂层不稳定性。下面的表显示了HerculesTQ236，TQ456，D1152和Clearwater CS359的对比。全部是在类似工艺条件下进行。该钢/钢压延机辊的荷载是50PLI。‘819压花图案用于转换(convert)。在相同的添加率和GMT下，全部软化剂表现相同。对于增加均浆精炼以补偿软化剂(它用作解粘剂)的增加，没有发现柔软度改进。在这种情况下仅仅该南方SW被均浆精炼和软化剂仅仅添加到南方HW中。这是“少而强的键”理论的试验。为了强度仅仅均浆精炼该SW，更大量的软化剂可以添加到HW中在理论上改进柔软度。仅仅均浆精炼该SW(片材的20％)没有导致更软的片材。虽然没有得到感觉试验小组的证实，D1152选择为软化剂的选择，主要基于柔软度的主观评价。结果概括在表9中。Wet end addition of softener in thick stock (typically HW) at levels up to 16 lb/ton is possible without creating Yankee coating instabilities. The table below shows a comparison of Hercules TQ236, TQ456, D1152 and Clearwater CS359. All are carried out under similar process conditions. The steel/steel calender rolls were loaded at 50 PLI. The '819 embossed pattern is used for convert. At the same addition rate and GMT, all softeners performed the same. No improvement in softness was found for increasing the homogenate refining to compensate for the increase in softener (which acts as a detackifier). In this case only the southern SW is homogenized and the softener is added only to the southern HW. This is a test of the "few but strong bonds" theory. The SW is only homogenized for strength, a larger amount of softener could be added to the HW to theoretically improve softness. Homogenizing the SW alone (20% of the sheet) did not result in a softer sheet. Although not confirmed by the sensory panel, D1152 was selected as the softener of choice based primarily on subjective evaluations of softness. The results are summarized in Table 9.

表9Table 9

供料supply匀浆机，HPHomogenizer, HP压延机，PLICalender, PLI湿端软化剂wet end softener软化剂，磅/吨Softener, lb/ton  感觉柔软度，450GMTFeel softness, 450GMT  SHW/SWSHW/SW  没有荷载noload  5050  TQ236TQ236  4.04.0  16.516.5  SHW/SWSHW/SW  4646  5050  TQ236TQ236  8.08.0  16.416.4  SHW/SWSHW/SW  4242  5050  TQ456TQ456  16.016.0  16.616.6  SHW/SWSHW/SW  4343  5050  D1152D1152  4.54.5  16.216.2  SH HW/SWSH HW/SW  4343  5050  D1152D1152  7.57.5  16.416.4  SHW/SWSHW/SW  4343  5050  D1152D1152  9.09.0  16.816.8  SHW/SWSHW/SW  没有荷载noload  5050  CS 359CS 359  4.04.0  16.316.3  NHW/FRFNHW/FRF  没有荷载noload  8080  D1152D1152  8.08.0  16.816.8

压花图案影响embossed pattern effect

不同的压花图案用来确定具体的图案是否与织物起绉基片相互作用来产生高柔软度。过去的研究表明大多数的压花图案不改进基片柔软度，除了强度下降外。在大多数情况下工艺条件是类似的，但对于下面的对比不是恒定的。然而，它们是足够相似的以便确定是否发生了较大的柔软度改进。下面表表明，任何试验的图案都没有导致较大的柔软度改进。“双心”，“819”(美国专利No.6,827,819)和“蝶形和旋流形”图案看来似乎达到等同的感觉柔软度。参见下面的表10-13。一般来说，“马赛克彩虹(Mosaic Iris)”图案引起了比“有微形图的蝶形和旋流形(Butterflies and Swirls with Micro)”图案更高的感觉柔软度值。以这一有限的数据为基础，该“有微形图的蝶形和旋流形”图案不为织物起绉基片推荐。“M3”和“马赛克彩虹”压花图案对于恒定的供料和GMT为表10中的那些给予相等的柔软度值，和应该认为相同的。Different embossing patterns are used to determine whether a particular pattern interacts with the fabric creping substrate to produce high softness. Past research has shown that most embossing patterns do not improve substrate softness, other than a decrease in strength. Process conditions were similar in most cases, but not constant for the following comparisons. However, they were similar enough to determine if a major softness improvement occurred. The table below shows that none of the patterns tested resulted in a major improvement in softness. The "Double Heart", "819" (US Patent No. 6,827,819) and "Butterfly and Swirl" patterns appear to achieve equivalent sensory softness. See Tables 10-13 below. In general, the "Mosaic Iris" pattern evoked higher perceived softness values than the "Butterflies and Swirls with Micro" pattern. Based on this limited data, the "butterfly and swirl with micropattern" pattern is not recommended for fabric creping substrates. The "M3" and "Mosaic Rainbow" embossing patterns gave equal softness values to those in Table 10 for constant feed and GMT, and should be considered the same.

表10-南方HW/南方SWTable 10 - South HW/South SW

表11-40％北方HW/60％Fox River再生纤维(FRF)Table 11 - 40% Northern HW/60% Fox River Regenerated Fiber (FRF)

表12-40％桉树HW/60％Fox River再生纤维(FRF)Table 12 - 40% Eucalyptus HW/60% Fox River Regenerated Fiber (FRF)

  实施例Example  压花图案embossed pattern  GMTGMT  感觉柔软度feel softness  在450GMT下的柔软度Softness at 450GMT  255255  马赛克彩虹mosaic rainbow  477477  17.617.6  17.717.7254254  蝶形和旋流形，有微形图Butterfly and swirl, with micrographs45145117.017.017.017.0256256  蝶形和旋流形，有微形图Butterfly and swirl, with micrographs41941917.017.016.916.9

表13-桉树HW/Marathon SWTable 13 - Eucalyptus HW/Marathon SW

实施例Example压花图案embossed patternGMTGMT感觉柔软度feel softness  在450GMT下的柔软度Softness at 450GMT  271271  M3M3  428428  18.618.6  18.518.5  271271  M3M3  584584  17.817.8  18.318.3  257257  马赛克彩虹mosaic rainbow  507507  18.118.1  18.318.3259259  蝶形和旋流形，有微形图Butterfly and swirl, with micrographs47847817.917.918.018.0258258  蝶形和旋流形，有微形图Butterfly and swirl, with micrographs45445418.018.018.018.0

织物起绉对卷筒起绉Fabric Creping to Roll Creping

在恒定的行起绉下，但有各种各样的织物起绉％，生产基片。通过将转移圆筒速度(也接近成形速度)除以卷筒速度来计算行起绉或总体起绉率。从这一数值中减去1。所得值乘以100并以％表达。对于织物起绉，转移圆筒速度除以杨克干燥器速度，因为这也是起皱织物速度，然后减去1和乘以100。对于卷筒起绉，该杨克速度除以该卷筒速度然后减去1和乘以100。一般，该转移圆筒速度和卷筒速度保持不变和杨克速度变化以产生不同的织物/卷筒起绉条件。基片数据显示在最高的卷筒起绉下发生最高的MD拉伸。在最高的织物起绉率下发生最低的几何平均(GM)破裂模量和最高的CD拉伸率。这些片材中任何一种都没有出现任何运行性能问题。除杨克速度之外，其它工艺参数变量保持不变，但杨克涂覆添加除外，后者对于实施例56来说有所提高。对于物理性能，该片材在使用的最大范围的织物/卷筒起绉条件下都十分相似。结果概括在表14中。对于这些试验，该转移圆筒是4-英尺直径干燥器。Under constant line creping, but with various % fabric creping, the base sheet is produced. Row or overall crepe is calculated by dividing the transfer drum speed (which is also close to the forming speed) by the web speed. Subtract 1 from this value. The resulting values are multiplied by 100 and expressed in %. For fabric creping, divide the transfer drum speed by the Yankee dryer speed, since this is also the creping fabric speed, then subtract 1 and multiply by 100. For roll creping, divide the Yankee speed by the roll speed then subtract 1 and multiply by 100. Typically, the transfer drum speed and web speed are held constant and the Yankee speed is varied to produce different fabric/drum creping conditions. The substrate data shows that the highest MD stretch occurs at the highest roll crepe. The lowest geometric mean (GM) modulus of rupture and the highest CD stretch occurred at the highest fabric crepe. None of these sheets exhibited any runnability problems. Except for the Yankee speed, the other process parameter variables were kept constant except for the addition of Yankee coating, which was increased for Example 56. With regard to physical properties, the sheets were quite similar over the widest range of fabric/roll creping conditions used. The results are summarized in Table 14. For these tests, the transfer cylinder was a 4-foot diameter dryer.

表14Table 14

全部片材通过不使用压花图案或使用在美国专利No.6,827,819中所述的图案被转换到制成的1-层BRT辊上。在下面的表15和16中见到的物理数据非常类似于以上的基片数据。具有全织物起绉和没有卷筒起绉(实施例57)的片材具有显著更高的CD拉伸率和较低的CD破裂模量。GM模量一般是较低的。然而，感觉柔软度数据对于任何片材都没有表明柔软度优点。All sheets were transferred onto 1 -ply BRT rolls made either without the embossing pattern or using the pattern described in US Patent No. 6,827,819. The physical data seen in Tables 15 and 16 below are very similar to the substrate data above. Sheets with full fabric creping and no roll creping (Example 57) had significantly higher CD stretch and lower CD modulus of rupture. The GM modulus is generally lower. However, the sensory softness data did not indicate a softness advantage for any of the sheets.

表15Table 15

表16Table 16

起皱织物效果wrinkled fabric effect

各种起皱织物设计用来生产用于转换成1-层BRT的基片。下表17显示了在类似工艺条件下的基片数据。在起绉织物类型的行中，该MD和CD长丝支数例如显示为42×31。首先显示MD支数。MD或CD指在该织物的相对于片材的那一侧上的最长关节。M，G和B指编织式样。最高的未压延厚度是用56×25网眼织物实现的。这允许较高水平的压延，尽管仍然在转换的产品中实现了目标辊直径和坚实度。较高水平的压延应该减少双侧边度并改进柔软度。Various creped fabrics were designed to produce substrates for conversion to 1-layer BRTs. Table 17 below shows the substrate data under similar process conditions. In the crepe fabric type row, the MD and CD filament counts are shown as 42 x 31, for example. The MD count is displayed first. MD or CD refers to the longest knuckle on the side of the fabric opposite the sheet. M, G and B refer to braid styles. The highest uncalendered thickness was achieved with a 56 x 25 mesh fabric. This allows for a higher level of calendering, while still achieving the target roll diameter and firmness in the converted product. Higher levels of calendering should reduce sidedness and improve softness.

表17Table 17

当使用’819图案转换时，该56×25G片材，在80PLI压延下，一般具有较高的感觉柔软度。The 56 x 25G sheet, calendered at 80 PLI, generally had a higher sensory softness when using the '819 pattern switch.

MD/CD拉伸比率效果MD/CD stretch ratio effect

该织物起绉工艺能够在比普通的湿压和TAD工艺宽得多的范围中容易地控制MD/CD拉伸比率。已经获得了4.0到0.4的比率，无需让该工艺受到它的限制因素影响。传统上，薄织物产品要求MD拉伸(倍数)高于CD拉伸(倍数)以使成形最大化。为了最大柔软度，CD拉伸(倍数)保持尽可能低的。这增加了消费者在使用时的破坏风险。如果CD拉伸增加和MD拉伸减少，GMT保持恒定。因此，在相同的总强度下将有更低破坏机会。下面表显示了两个独立试验的1-层成品BRT数据，其中MD/CD拉伸比率是变化。在下面表18中比较实施例90，89，107和108。降低该MD/CD比率同时提高CD和GM模量。然而，当被认为是GMT的原因时，感觉柔软度没有显著地受影响。CD强度增加约100克/3英寸。这将大大地减少在使用中破坏的风险。由于低强度，基片的能伸长的属性将防止破裂。对于高速工业操作，穿孔叶片型可能需要加以改变来适应低强度和高的拉伸率。This fabric creping process can easily control the MD/CD stretch ratio in a much wider range than conventional wet pressing and TAD processes. Ratios of 4.0 to 0.4 have been obtained without subjecting the process to its limiting factors. Tissue products traditionally require higher MD stretch (multiple) than CD stretch (multiple) to maximize formation. For maximum softness, CD stretch (multiplier) is kept as low as possible. This increases the risk of vandalism for the consumer while in use. If the CD stretch is increased and the MD stretch is decreased, the GMT remains constant. Therefore, there will be a lower chance of failure at the same overall strength. The table below shows the 1-ply finished BRT data for two independent runs where the MD/CD stretch ratio was varied. Compare Examples 90, 89, 107 and 108 in Table 18 below. Lowering the MD/CD ratio increases both CD and GM moduli. However, sensory softness was not significantly affected when considered to be the cause of GMT. The CD strength increased by about 100 g/3 in. This will greatly reduce the risk of damage during use. Due to the low strength, the stretchable nature of the substrate will prevent cracking. For high-speed industrial operations, the perforated blade profile may need to be modified to accommodate lower strength and higher elongation.

表18Table 18

供料supply 80％EUC20％MAR80%EUC20%MAR 80％EUC20％MAR80%EUC20%MAR  70％NAHHW30％NAHSW70% NAHHW30% NAHSW  70％NAHHW30％NAHSW70% NAHHW30% NAHSW  实施例Example  9090  8989  107107  108108  MD/CDMD/CD  1.781.78  1.181.18  1.371.37  0.910.91  感觉柔软度feel softness  18.218.2  17.717.7  16.316.3  16.416.4  在450GMT下的柔软度Softness at 450GMT17.917.917.617.616.116.116.316.3  GMTGMT  371371  427427  403403  417417  BWBW  20.320.3  20.220.2  20.320.3  20.420.4  厚度 thickness  63.363.3  65.965.9  67.067.0  67.867.8  MD拉伸MD Stretch  494494  463463  471471  397397  CD拉伸CD Stretch  278278  393393  345345  438438  MD拉伸率MD elongation  25.025.0  24.424.4  37.637.6  34.134.1  CD拉伸率CD elongation  7.87.8  5.95.9  8.78.7  7.17.1  MD破裂模量MD modulus of rupture  19.819.8  19.019.0  12.612.6  11.711.7  CD破裂模量CD modulus of rupture  35.935.9  67.067.0  39.839.8  61.161.1  GM破裂模量GM modulus of rupture  26.626.6  35.735.7  22.422.4  26.726.7

南方HW水平Southern HW Level

南方HW水平对于感觉柔软度的影响示于下面的表19中。在75％HW下没有观察到柔软度改进。在两种情况下，柔软度都远远低于17.0的目标值。使用80P+J橡胶/钢压延辊。The effect of Southern HW levels on perceived softness is shown in Table 19 below. No improvement in softness was observed at 75% HW. In both cases, Softness was well below the target value of 17.0. Use 80P+J rubber/steel calender rolls.

表19Table 19

  实施例Example  压花图案embossed pattern  南方HW，％Southern HW, %  在450GMT下的感觉柔软度FEEL SOFTNESS AT 450GMT  196196  ‘819'819  7575  16.216.2  200200  ‘819'819  5050  16.116.1

织物起绉-对-喷雾软化剂Fabric Creping-On-Spray Softener

工艺参数加以控制以确定哪一个使用南方HW和SW导致17.0的成品感觉柔软度，如果有的话。一个此类的对比是在为了控制强度使用高织物起绉率但没有喷雾软化剂的基片与为了控制强度使用喷雾软化剂但有低织物起绉率的基片之间进行。表20表明，当对于GMT调节时，柔软度是等同的。在两种情况下，柔软度都远远低于17.0的目标值。使用80P+J橡胶/钢压延辊。Process parameters were controlled to determine which use of Southern HW and SW resulted in a finished sensory softness of 17.0, if any. One such comparison was between a basesheet using high fabric crepe for strength control but no spray softener and a basesheet using spray softener for strength control but low fabric crepe. Table 20 shows that softness is equivalent when adjusted for GMT. In both cases, Softness was well below the target value of 17.0. Use 80P+J rubber/steel calender rolls.

表20Table 20

  PM#2Rol1#PM#2Rol1#  压花图案embossed pattern  喷雾软化剂，磅/吨(lb/T)Spray softener, pound/ton (lb/T)  织物起绉率，％Crepe rate of fabric, %  在450GMT下的感觉柔软度FEEL SOFTNESS AT 450GMT  200200  ’819'819  2 2  3131  16.116.1  198198  ‘819'819  00  5656  16.116.1

模塑箱真空Molded box vacuum

模塑箱位于起皱织物之上，在起绉辊和实心压力辊之间。在这一点上片材固含量通常是在38和44％之间。真空对于片材厚度的影响能够在该表中看出。对于在模塑箱中21英寸水银柱真空，观察到″8个片材厚度″的几乎8密耳的增加。这是约14％提高。两个辊用钢/钢辊在50PLI下进行压延。厚度形成的量取决于织物编织(fabric weave)的粗糙度和所施加的真空量。其它片材性能没有显著地受影响。使用模塑箱进行干燥。在杨克罩温度中没有显著的变化，在杨克式处理之后片材水分从2.66提高到3.65％。真空拖动该片材深入到该起皱织物，因此，与杨克(Yankee)之间有较少的接触，需要更多干燥来维持片材水分。参见表21。在这种情况下该杨克罩温度没有调节。The molding box is located above the creping fabric, between the creping roll and the solid pressure roll. Sheet solids at this point are typically between 38 and 44%. The effect of vacuum on sheet thickness can be seen in the table. An almost 8 mil increase in "8 sheet thickness" was observed for a vacuum of 21 inches of mercury in the molding box. This is about a 14% improvement. Two rolls were calendered with steel/steel rolls at 50 PLI. The amount of thickness build up depends on the roughness of the fabric weave and the amount of vacuum applied. Other sheet properties were not significantly affected. Use a molding box for drying. There was no significant change in Yankee temperature, sheet moisture increased from 2.66 to 3.65% after Yankee treatment. The vacuum pulls the sheet deeper into the creping fabric, so there is less contact with the Yankee and more drying is required to maintain sheet moisture. See Table 21. In this case the Yankee temperature is not regulated.

表21Table 21

  起皱织物wrinkled fabric  模塑箱真空，in.HgMolding box vacuum,in.Hg 8个片材厚度，密耳8 Sheet Thicknesses, Mils  扫描测量仪片材水分，％Scanner sheet moisture,%  44G44G  00  56.756.7  2.662.66  44G44G  21 twenty one  64.664.6  3.653.65

在织物起绉下，片材水分对于基片性能的影响Effect of sheet moisture on substrate properties under fabric creping

通过控制工艺参数，进入到该工艺的织物起皱部分中的片材水分能够变化。在装有120mm瓦式压机和22磅片材的所使用的造纸机上，固含量从约34变化到46％。对于低含固量条件，STR真空减少，瓦式压机荷载降低，和4-英尺干燥器蒸汽减少。为了在卷筒上将这一片材干燥到约2％水分，杨克蒸汽和罩温度不得不提高。低含固量基片在GMT上比高含固量片材低了约270克/3英寸。参见下表。这主要归因于在较低瓦式压机荷载下发生的较低压缩率。该织物起皱步骤将该纤维在较大程度上重排，但显然它不能完全地解开压制操作所引起的全部压缩。其它物理性能，包括SAT容量，不是显著不同的，当考虑强度差异时。这一实验应该通过仅仅使用真空和蒸汽改变片材固含量在恒定的压制下重复。然而，以这些实验为基础，在这里研究的范围中片材固含量对于基片性能的影响无法预期是显著的。干燥影响是显著的，因此值得扩大所试验的固含量范围。结果总结在下表22中。By controlling the process parameters, the moisture content of the sheet entering the fabric creping portion of the process can be varied. The solids content varied from about 34 to 46% on the paper machine used with a 120 mm tile press and 22 lb sheet. For low solids conditions, STR vacuum was reduced, tile press load was reduced, and 4-foot dryer steam was reduced. To dry this sheet on the roll to about 2% moisture, the Yankee steam and hood temperature had to be increased. The low solids base sheet was about 270 g/3 inches lower in GMT than the high solids sheet. See table below. This is mainly attributable to the lower compression ratios that occur at lower tile press loads. This fabric creping step rearranges the fibers to a great extent, but apparently it does not completely undo all the compression caused by the pressing operation. Other physical properties, including SAT capacity, were not significantly different when strength differences were considered. This experiment should be repeated at constant compression by varying the sheet solids content using only vacuum and steam. However, based on these experiments, the effect of sheet solids content on substrate properties in the range studied here could not be expected to be significant. The effect of drying is significant, so it is worth expanding the range of solids content tested. The results are summarized in Table 22 below.

表22Table 22

尽管本发明已经与几个实施例相关地进行了描述，在本发明的精神和范围内的对于这些实施例的改进对于本领域中技术人员来说是显而易见的。考虑到上述讨论，现有技术中的相关知识和以上关于背景和详细说明所讨论的包括悬而未决的专利申请在内的参考文献，它们的公开内容全部被引入这里供参考，因此进一步描述认为是不必要的。Although the invention has been described in relation to a few embodiments, modifications to those embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In view of the foregoing discussion, relevant knowledge in the prior art, and references discussed above for the Background and Detailed Description, including pending patent applications, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties, further description is therefore deemed unnecessary. necessary.

Claims (12)

Translated fromChinese

1.制造用于薄织物产品的纤维素网幅的方法，包括：1. A method of making a cellulosic web for tissue products, comprising:(a)制备主要由硬木纤维组成的纤维素水性造纸供料；(a) preparing a cellulosic aqueous papermaking furnish consisting essentially of hardwood fibers;(b)将造纸供料作为在喷流速度下从流料箱流出的喷流提供到成形用织物上；(b) providing papermaking furnish onto the forming fabric as a jet at jet velocity from a headbox;(c)将造纸供料压缩脱水形成具有造纸纤维的明显随机分布的初生网幅；(c) compressing and dewatering the papermaking feed to form a nascent web having an apparently random distribution of papermaking fibers;(d)将具有明显随机纤维分布的脱水网幅施加于在第一种速度下运行的移动式转移面上；(d) applying a dewatered web having a substantially random fiber distribution to a moving transfer surface running at a first speed;(e)利用含图案的起皱传送带将该网幅在约30-约60％的稠度下从转移面上进行传送带起绉，该起绉步骤是在压力下在转移面与起皱传送带之间限定的传送带起皱辊隙中发生，其中该传送带是在比转移面的速度更缓慢的第二种速度下运行，该传送带图案，辊隙参数，速度δ和网幅稠度进行选择，以使该网幅从转移面上起绉并且再分配在起皱传送带上形成具有网状结构的网幅，该网状结构具有多个不同局部基重的互联区域，其中包括至少(i)多个高局部基重的纤维富集区域，由(ii)多个较低局部基重连接用区域来互联；(e) belt creping the web at a consistency of about 30 to about 60% from a transfer surface using a patterned creping belt, the creping step being between the transfer surface and the creping belt under pressure Creping occurs in a defined belt creping nip where the belt is running at a second speed slower than the speed of the transfer surface, the belt pattern, nip parameters, speed δ and web consistency are chosen so that the The web is creped from the transfer surface and redistributed on the creping belt to form a web having a network structure having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local basis weights including at least (i) a plurality of high local fiber-rich regions of basis weight interconnected by (ii) multiple regions of lower local basis weight connections;(f)干燥该网幅；和(f) drying the web; and(g)控制硬木与软木比率，纤维长度分布，整个起绉，喷流速度，干燥和传送带起皱步骤以及选择起皱传送带图案，使得该网幅体现特征于它所具有的％CD拉伸率是该网幅的干拉伸比率的至少约2.75倍。(g) control of hardwood to softwood ratio, fiber length distribution, overall creping, jet velocity, drying and belt creping steps and selection of creping belt pattern such that the web is characterized by the % CD stretch it has is at least about 2.75 times the dry stretch ratio of the web.2.根据权利要求1的方法，进一步包括在第一钢压延辊和第二钢压延辊之间压延网幅的步骤。2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of calendering the web between the first steel calender roll and the second steel calender roll.3.制造用于手巾产品的纤维素网幅的方法，包括：3. A method of making a cellulosic web for use in towel products, comprising:(a)制备主要由软木纤维组成的纤维素水性造纸供料；(a) preparing a cellulose water-based papermaking feed mainly composed of softwood fibers;(b)将造纸供料作为在喷流速度下从流料箱流出的喷流提供到成形用织物上；(b) providing papermaking furnish onto the forming fabric as a jet at jet velocity from a headbox;(c)将造纸供料压缩脱水形成具有造纸纤维的明显随机分布的初生网幅；(c) compressing and dewatering the papermaking feed to form a nascent web having an apparently random distribution of papermaking fibers;(d)将具有明显随机纤维分布的脱水网幅施加于在第一种速度下运行的移动式转移面上；(d) applying a dewatered web having a substantially random fiber distribution to a moving transfer surface running at a first speed;(e)利用含图案的起皱传送带将该网幅在约30-约60％的稠度下从转移面上进行传送带起绉，该起绉步骤是在压力下在转移面与起皱传送带之间限定的传送带起皱辊隙中发生，其中该传送带是在比转移面的速度更缓慢的第二种速度下运行，该传送带图案，辊隙参数，速度δ和网幅稠度进行选择，以使该网幅从转移面上起绉并且再分配在起皱传送带上形成具有网状结构的网幅上，该网状结构具有多个不同局部基重的互联区域，其中包括至少(i)多个高局部基重的纤维富集区域，由(ii)多个较低局部基重连接区域来互联；(e) belt creping the web at a consistency of about 30 to about 60% from a transfer surface using a patterned creping belt, the creping step being between the transfer surface and the creping belt under pressure Creping occurs in a defined belt creping nip where the belt is running at a second speed slower than the speed of the transfer surface, the belt pattern, nip parameters, speed δ and web consistency are chosen so that the The web is creped from the transfer surface and redistributed on the creping conveyor to form a web having a web structure having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local basis weights, including at least (i) a plurality of high fiber-rich regions of local basis weight interconnected by (ii) multiple lower local basis weight linking regions;(f)干燥该网幅；和(f) drying the web; and(g)控制硬木与软木比率，纤维长度分布，整个起绉，喷流速度，干燥和传送带起皱步骤以及选择起皱传送带图案，使得该网幅体现特征于它所具有的％CD拉伸率是该网幅的干拉伸比率的至少约2.75倍。(g) control of hardwood to softwood ratio, fiber length distribution, overall creping, jet velocity, drying and belt creping steps and selection of creping belt pattern such that the web is characterized by the % CD stretch it has is at least about 2.75 times the dry stretch ratio of the web.4.制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，包括：4. A method of making a conveyor-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet comprising:(a)制备包含硬木和软木纤维的混合物的纤维素供料；(a) preparing a cellulose feed comprising a mixture of hardwood and softwood fibers;(b)将造纸供料作为在喷流速度下从流料箱流出的喷流提供到成形用织物上；(b) providing papermaking furnish onto the forming fabric as a jet at jet velocity from a headbox;(c)将造纸供料压缩脱水形成具有造纸纤维的明显随机分布的初生网幅；(c) compressing and dewatering the papermaking feed to form a nascent web having an apparently random distribution of papermaking fibers;(d)将具有明显随机纤维分布的脱水网幅施加于在第一种速度下运行的移动式转移面上；(d) applying a dewatered web having a substantially random fiber distribution to a moving transfer surface running at a first speed;(e)利用含图案的起皱传送带将该网幅在约30-约60％的稠度下从转移面上进行传送带起绉，该起绉步骤是在压力下在转移面与起皱传送带之间限定的传送带起皱辊隙中发生，其中该传送带是在比转移面的速度更缓慢的第二种速度下运行，该传送带图案，辊隙参数，速度δ和网幅稠度进行选择，以使该网幅从转移面上起绉并且再分配在起皱传送带上形成具有网状结构的网幅上，该网状结构具有多个不同局部基重的互联区域，其中包括至少(i)多个高局部基重的纤维富集区域，由(ii)多个较低局部基重连接区域来互联；(e) belt creping the web at a consistency of about 30 to about 60% from a transfer surface using a patterned creping belt, the creping step being between the transfer surface and the creping belt under pressure Creping occurs in a defined belt creping nip where the belt is running at a second speed slower than the speed of the transfer surface, the belt pattern, nip parameters, speed δ and web consistency are chosen so that the The web is creped from the transfer surface and redistributed on the creping conveyor to form a web having a web structure having a plurality of interconnected regions of different local basis weights, including at least (i) a plurality of high fiber-rich regions of local basis weight interconnected by (ii) multiple lower local basis weight linking regions;(f)干燥该网幅；和(f) drying the web; and(g)控制硬木与软木比率，纤维长度分布，整个起绉，喷流速度，干燥和传送带起皱步骤以及选择起皱传送带图案，使得该网幅体现特征于它所具有的％CD拉伸率是该网幅的干拉伸比率的至少约2.75倍。(g) control of hardwood to softwood ratio, fiber length distribution, overall creping, jet velocity, drying and belt creping steps and selection of creping belt pattern such that the web is characterized by the % CD stretch it has is at least about 2.75 times the dry stretch ratio of the web.5.根据权利要求4的制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，其中纤维在纤维富集区域中的取向在CD上偏向。5. The method of making a belt-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 4, wherein the orientation of the fibers in the fiber-enriched regions is biased in CD.6.根据权利要求4的制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，它在约10-约100％的织物起绉下操作。6. The method of making a belt-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 4, operated at a fabric creping of from about 10 to about 100%.7.根据权利要求4的制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，它在至少约40％的织物起绉下操作。7. The method of making a belt-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 4, operated at a fabric crepe of at least about 40%.8.根据权利要求4的制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，它在至少约60％的织物起绉下操作。8. The method of making a belt-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 4, operated at a fabric crepe of at least about 60%.9.根据权利要求4的制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，它在至少约80％的织物起绉下操作。9. The method of making a belt-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 4, operated at a fabric crepe of at least about 80%.10.根据权利要求4的制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，它在100％或更高的织物起绉下操作。10. The method of making a belt-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 4, which is operated at a fabric creping of 100% or more.11.根据权利要求4的制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，它在约125％或更高的织物起绉下操作。11. The method of making a belt-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 4, operated at a fabric crepe of about 125% or greater.12.根据权利要求4的制造传送带起绉的吸收性纤维素片材的方法，其中该网幅包括次级纤维。12. The method of making a belt-creped absorbent cellulosic sheet according to claim 4, wherein the web includes secondary fibers.

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