CN101570699B - Gasification device for solid fuel and method for producing synthetic gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a gasification device for solid fuel, which comprises a gasification chamber and a cooling purification chamber. A first cooling medium distributor (5) is arranged at an inlet of the cooling purification chamber, and is used for injecting a low-temperature cooling medium into high-temperature synthetic gas from the gasification chamber along the circumferential direction, thereby making the high-temperature synthetic gas cooled and removing solid impurities from the high-temperature synthetic gas. The invention also provides a method for producing synthetic gas, which comprises the steps: ensuring that the quick incomplete reaction of the solid fuel and an oxidizing agent is performed to generate the high-temperature synthetic gas; and injecting the low-temperature cooling medium into the high-temperature synthetic gas along the circumferential direction to purify the high-temperature synthetic gas and make the temperature of the high-temperature synthetic gas reduced. The device and the method improve the purity of the synthetic gas which is finally obtained by temperature reduction, impurity removal and heat recovery for multiple times; and the device has high carbon conversion rate, and also has good complementary energy and waste heat recovery effect, low water consumption and no pollution.

Description

Solid-fuelled gasification installation and the method for producing synthesis gas

Technical field

The present invention relates to the reaction of a kind of solid fuel and vaporized chemical and generate the device of synthetic gas and the method for producing synthesis gas, relate in particular to the method for coal gasification apparatus and generation synthesis gas.

Background technology

Solid fuel (mainly being coal) gasification is a direction of fuel utilization technology, and its task is that solid combustible is converted into inflammable gas or the industrial chemicals of being convenient to burn---main component is the gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Can be divided into three kinds of fixed bed, fluidized-bed and air flow bed by fuel in the flow pattern of gasification in the bed.The entrained flow gasification mode has that separate unit stove processing power is strong, coal adaptability is wide, efficiency of carbon conversion is high and the advantage such as Load Regulation is good, has represented the from now on developing direction of gasification technology.

The air flow bed charging has wet method and two kinds of forms of dry method.Coal water slurry is the principal mode of wet feeding, at first need the water in the coal slurry is all gasified during owing to the coal water slurry reaction, so thermo-efficiency is not high, and temperature of reaction is lower, and the oxygen consumption is high.Dry feed is carried dry pulverized coal by high pressure gas, reacts with pure oxygen or oxygen rich gas, and principal feature is that adaptability to raw material is wide, cold gas efficiency is high, efficiency of carbon conversion is high.

The entrained flow gasification district mainly contains refractory brick and water wall form.For example, China Patent Publication No. CN1775920A and Chinese patent Granted publication CN201065399Y disclose a kind of for example coal gasification reaction device of refractory brick of refractory materials that adopts.Yet firebrick structure high temperature very easily damages, and changes once even if normal circumstances also took about 1 year, and the replacing price is high and impact is normal produces; And adopt the water wall form, and if reasonable structural arrangement can be born higher temperature of reaction, long service life, while by-product mesohigh steam, this structure can be referring to Chinese patent Granted publication CN2700718Y.

The hot mixture subsequent disposal that reaction generates mainly contains chilling process and pot destroying process.Aforementioned CN1775920A and CN201065399Y have adopted chilling process, and chilling process need to consume a large amount of water, have also lost in addition a large amount of heats, generally are only suitable for the production in material gas.CN2700718Y has then adopted pot destroying process, the waste heat of pot destroying process in can gas recovery, but independent waste heat boiler need to be set, and carried in the heating gas a large amount of flying dusts to waste heat boiler continuously operation bring hidden danger.

Summary of the invention

First purpose of the present invention provides a kind of novel apparatus for gasifying solid fuel.This installs, and not only efficiency of carbon conversion is high, and the complementary energy waste heat recovery is effective, the water consumption is low, pollution-free.

This purpose is by a kind of like this apparatus for gasifying solid fuel, this device vaporizer and cooling and purifying chamber, be provided with the first coolant distribution device near described cooling and purifying chamber inlet, it is used in the circumferential direction of the circle always that the high temperature of autopneumatolysis chamber closes gas injection low-temperature cooling media.The low temperature synthetic gas that injects in the circumferential direction of the circle mixes the rear rotation that produces circumferential direction in the cooling and purifying chamber interior with the High Temperature Gas solid mixture from vaporizer.The melt cinder that on the one hand relies on strong convection to make to be mingled with in the described high-temperature synthesis gas rapidly cooling becomes solid slag and loses viscosity, so that the solid particulate in the gas-solid mixture gets rid of to the inner-wall surface of cooling and purifying chamber under the effect of centrifugal force, and drop in the pulp water pond in action of gravity on the other hand.

Preferably, the inwall of described vaporizer adopts the coil tube type water wall structure, and coil arrangement wherein comprises the main body coil pipe and the coil pipe of slagging tap.Owing to having adopted the Split type water-cooling inner lining structure, can carry out the adjustings such as flow according to the practical situation of operation, effectively protect water-cooling lining; therefore can bear higher gasification reaction temperature; Effective Raise gasification reaction efficient, increased simultaneously time of gasification reaction, improve the transformation efficiency of carbon.Simultaneously, be the closed loop cycle utilization because main air ring is saved water, avoid simultaneously adopting water Quench mode, therefore significantly reduced the consumption of water.

Preferably, described cooling and purifying comprises a plurality of water wall in the chamber, and described a plurality of water wall forms the fluid channel that is used for cooling and dedusting of labyrinth-like.This labyrinth shape of fluid channel can prolong the flowing-path of synthetic gas, has fully reclaimed the waste heat in synthetic gas and the lime-ash, has realized the cascade utilization of energy, and is not only energy-conservation but also reduced high-quality power loss.

Preferably, also be provided with the second coolant distribution device in the described fluid channel, it is used for always the high-temperature synthesis gas of autopneumatolysis chamber and injects in the circumferential direction of the circle low-temperature cooling media.This set is conducive to further make the high-temperature synthesis gas cooling, and removes the less solid impurity that wherein is mingled with.

Preferably, the cross-sectional area of described fluid channel increases gradually along the flow direction of synthetic gas.By such setting, can make that flow velocity constantly reduces in the process that synthetic gas flows in the cooling and purifying chamber, because flow velocity reduces, the impurity that is mingled with in the synthetic gas, flying dust are more prone to drop to gradually under action of gravitation in the pulp water pond, therefore more are conducive to removal of contamination and flying dust from described synthetic gas.

Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method that adopts gasification installation of the present invention to produce synthesis gas.

The method comprises: make solid fuel and oxygenant that quick incomplete reaction occur, to generate high-temperature synthesis gas; In the process of processing synthetic gas, realize cooling by injecting stage by stage low-temperature cooling media, realize waste heat recovery by the water wall heat absorption; Realize that by forcing the synthesis gas eddy flow gas solid separation purifies.

Preferably, the method also comprises the fluid channel of synthetic gas by being made of the fluid cooling stave after the cooling, makes its further cooling.

Preferably, described fluid channel has the labyrinth shape.

Preferably, the method also is included in the described fluid channel and further injects low-temperature cooling media in described synthetic gas.

Preferably, the method also comprises the velocity of flow of the synthetic gas in the fluid channel is reduced gradually.

It is identical that each step of aforesaid method and the relevant art feature of apparatus for gasifying solid fuel have advantages of, therefore repeats no more herein.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples apparatus and method of the present invention are further specified.

Fig. 1 (a) is structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 1 (b) is the layout schematic diagram along the gas distributor of looking of the line A-A among Fig. 1 (a);

Fig. 2 (a) is another kind of structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 (b) is the layout schematic diagram along the gas distributor of looking of the line A-A among Fig. 2 (a);

Reference numerals list:

1. housing; 2. main body coil pipe; 3. the coil pipe of slagging tap; 4. cone dish flange; 5. the first coolant distribution device; 6. large flange; 7. the second coolant distribution device; 8. syngas outlet; 9. the first water wall; 10. the second water wall; 11. the 3rd water wall; 12. pulp water pond

Embodiment

In connection with accompanying drawing principle of the present invention and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail now.

Ultimate principle of the present invention is: combustiblematerials (such as coal dust) and vaporized chemical (oxygenants such as air, oxygen) are sprayed into the gasification zone by burner, ratio by control combustiblematerials and vaporized chemical, so that (1200 ℃～2000 ℃ of temperature under both high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the gasification zone, pressure 2Mpa～10Mpa) quick incomplete reaction occurs, high-temperature synthesis gas (main component is carbon monoxide and hydrogen), melt cinder and flying dust (main component is inorganic salt) that reaction generates flow downward by slag notch.

Coal dust and vaporized chemical enter vaporizer by the vaporizer entrance on housing 1 top, and the liner of wherein said vaporizer adopts the coil tube type water wall structure, and coil arrangement wherein is divided into mainbody coil pipe 2 and 3 two parts of coil pipe of slagging tap.Water-cooling lining is divided into two portions can carry out the adjustings such as flow according to the practical situation of operation, and the resistance to flow that effectively reduces in the coil pipe is protected water-cooling lining simultaneously.

For the temperature that effectively reduces high-temperature synthesis gas and take out the solid particle polluter that wherein is mingled with, the present invention has adopted in the circumferential direction of the circle and has injected the low temperature synthetic gas to described high-temperature synthesis gas, to purify described high-temperature synthesis gas and to make the method for its cooling.Foregoing invention thought can be able to concrete embodiment in apparatus for gasifying solid fuel of the present invention, referring to Fig. 1 (a).

The bottom of vaporizer has the vaporizer outlet, and reacted high-temperature synthesis gas and melt cinder, flying dust enter the cooling and purifying chamber by this outlet.The upper end of cooling and purifying chamber and vaporizer export department are provided with cone dish flange 4, and (see Fig. 1 (b), wherein the number of nozzle of the first coolant distribution device 5 is 4 to be provided with the first gas distributor 5 on the cone dish flange 4; Needs according to actual production, described number of nozzle can be adjusted accordingly, for example 3-is many), the first coolant distribution device 5 with roughly in the circumferential direction of the circle angle and suitable speed inject low-temperature cooling media by nozzle mix with High Temperature Gas solid mixture from vaporizer afterwards along the interior sideway swivel of thefirst water wall 9 of cooling and purifying chamber so that the low temperature that injects closes medium.The melt cinder that on the one hand relies on strong convection to make to be mingled with in the described high-temperature synthesis gas rapidly cooling becomes solid slag and loses viscosity, on the other hand so that the solid particulate in the gas-solid mixture under the effect of centrifugal force, get rid of to the inner-wall surface of thefirst water wall 9, and drop in thepulp water pond 12 in action of gravity, be subject to pulp water pond inner cold water Quench.Simultaneously because the temperature of thefirst water wall 9 inner chambers is still higher, therefore can be so that a small amount of unreacted carbon further reacts with vaporized chemical, thereby Effective Raise the transformation efficiency of carbon.In this process, thefirst water wall 9 can be produced mesohigh steam.

Further cool off and removal impurity in order to make through the cooled synthetic gas of the first step, method of the present invention also comprises the fluid channel of synthetic gas by being made of the fluid cooling stave after the cooling, absorbs high-temperature residual heat and makes simultaneously its further cooling; Make described fluid channel have the labyrinth shape; Preferably, the method also is included in the described fluid channel and further injects low-temperature cooling media in described synthetic gas.

Foregoing invention thought can further be embodied in apparatus for gasifying solid fuel of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1 (a), decrease through the synthetic gas temperature behind the inner chamber of thefirst water wall 9, substantially removed large solid solid impurity particle.Synthetic gas flows downward along the inwall of thefirst water wall 9, turns back after impactingpulp water pond 12, upwards flows along the cavity that surrounds between thesecond water wall 10 and thefirst water wall 9, and temperature continues to reduce in flow process, and waste heat is reclaimed.

Synthetic gas is inboard up along thesecond water wall 10, turns back tolarge flange 6 places.Have certain interval betweenlarge flange 6 and thesecond water wall 10, the space of synthetic gas by this interval enters by the3rd water wall 11 and thesecond water wall 10 in its space of defining between the two.(see Fig. 1 (b), wherein the number of nozzle of the second coolant distribution device 5 also is 4 to be provided with the secondcoolant distribution device 7 on the describedlarge flange 6; According to the needs of actual production, described number of nozzle can be adjusted accordingly, and for example 3-is many), the secondcoolant distribution device 7 with roughly in the circumferential direction of the circle angle and faster speed inject low-temperature cooling media by nozzle.Inject low-temperature cooling media and have two effects this moment, at first further reduce the temperature of synthetic gas, next makes synthetic gas produce fast rotation along the3rd water wall 11 in flow process, the wall that will less lime-ash be thrown to the3rd water wall 11, thereby these less lime-ash drop in the slag bath in action of gravity, can remove less flying dust.In the above process, the heat that thesecond water wall 10 absorbs can be used for producing middle pressure steam.

The synthetic gas of rotational flow dust-removing flows downward along the3rd water wall 11 through the second time, and after the cold water liquid level that impacts the pulp water pond, turn back, along the3rd water wall 11 and and housing 1 between the cavity that forms upwards flow, discharge fromsyngas outlet 6 with suitable temperature at last, and lead to the synthetic gas aftertreatment device.In the above process, the heat that the3rd water wall 11 absorbs can be used for producing low-pressure saturated steam.

In order further to remove the less solid impurity in the synthesis gas, method of the present invention also comprises reduces the velocity of flow of the synthetic gas in the fluid channel gradually.

Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, and except the diameter of the housing 1 of cooling and purifying chamber part was larger, this embodiment was substantially the same with the embodiment of Fig. 1.

Because the diameter dimension of the cooling and purifying outdoor housing 1 among Fig. 2 is larger, therefore can be in the cooling and purifying chamber the larger fluid channel of stroke cross-sectional area.Wherein, all the cross-sectional area than the corresponding fluids passage among the embodiment of Fig. 1 is larger for the cross-sectional area of the cross-sectional area of the fluid channel between thesecond water wall 10 and the3rd water wall 11 and the fluid channel between the3rd water wall 11 and the housing 1.More preferably, the cross-sectional area of the fluid channel between the cross-sectional area of the fluid channel between the3rd water wall 11 and the housing 1 and thesecond water wall 10 and the3rd water wall 11 is all greater than the cross-sectional area of the fluid channel between thefirst water wall 9 and thesecond water wall 10, and the cross-sectional area of the fluid channel between the3rd water wall 11 and the housing 1 is greater than the cross-sectional area of the fluid channel between thesecond water wall 10 and the 3rd water wall 11.By such setting, can make that flow velocity constantly reduces in the process that synthetic gas flows in the cooling and purifying chamber, because flow velocity reduces, the impurity that is mingled with in the synthetic gas, flying dust are more prone to drop to gradually under action of gravitation in the pulp water pond, therefore more are conducive to removal of contamination and flying dust from described synthetic gas.

Can find out by embodiment described above, the present invention by in stove, repeatedly remove the gred, ash disposal, effectively reduced the content of lime-ash in the synthetic gas, therefore can reduce follow-up synthetic gas treatment facility investment.And the lime-ash main component that pyroreaction generates is inorganic salt, can be used as the raw material of building products, does not produce residue contamination.

Above be described in detail in conjunction with the method for the preferred embodiments of the present invention to apparatus for gasifying solid fuel of the present invention and production synthetic gas.Yet above preferred embodiment only is illustrative, but not scope of the present invention is limited.Under instruction of the present invention, those skilled in the art can be to apparatus and method of the present invention various apparent modifications and variations in addition.Scope of the present invention should be definite by independent claim, and the scheme of present invention further optimization is determined by dependent claims.

Claims (6)

1. apparatus for gasifying solid fuel, it comprises vaporizer and cooling and purifying chamber, it is characterized in that, near described cooling and purifying chamber inlet, be provided with the first coolant distribution device (5) and in the fluid channel, also be provided with the second coolant distribution device (7), described the first coolant distribution device (5) is used in the circumferential direction of the circle always the high-temperature synthesis gas of autopneumatolysis chamber and injects low-temperature cooling media, and described the second coolant distribution device (7) is used for always the high-temperature synthesis gas of autopneumatolysis chamber and injects in the circumferential direction of the circle the low temperature synthetic gas; And comprise three water wall (9,10,11) in the described cooling and purifying chamber, and described three water wall form the fluid channel that is used for cooling and dedusting of labyrinth-like.

2. apparatus for gasifying solid fuel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the inwall of described vaporizer adopts the coil tube type water wall structure, and coil arrangement wherein comprises main body coil pipe (2) and the coil pipe of slagging tap (3).

3. apparatus for gasifying solid fuel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the medium nozzle number of two coolant distribution devices that arrange in the described fluid channel respectively is 4.

4. each described apparatus for gasifying solid fuel is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, and the cross-sectional area of described fluid channel increases gradually along the flow direction of synthetic gas.

5. a right to use requires the method that 1 device is produced synthesis gas, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

Make solid fuel and oxygenant that quick incomplete reaction occur, to generate high-temperature synthesis gas;

Inject low-temperature cooling media to described high-temperature synthesis gas in the circumferential direction of the circle, to purify described high-temperature synthesis gas and to make its cooling;

In described fluid channel, in described synthetic gas, further inject low-temperature cooling media;

The fluid channel of synthetic gas by being made of the fluid cooling stave with after the cooling makes its further cooling, and described fluid channel has the labyrinth shape.

6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises the velocity of flow of the synthetic gas in the fluid channel is reduced gradually.

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