技术领域technical field
本发明涉及生物类湿尸的保存，特别涉及湿尸文物出土后的保存处理。The invention relates to the preservation of biological wet corpses, in particular to the preservation treatment of wet corpse cultural relics after they are unearthed.
背景技术Background technique
文物湿尸是指作为文物出土的肌肉组织层次分明，血管神经较为完好，镜检下组织结构良好，在某些组织中还能找到细胞结构，皮肤表面也可能有少量脂肪酸盐结节，骨质或多或少有脱钙现象的尸体。湿尸的完好保存，为解剖学、考古学、物种进化、历史学等多门学科的研究提供了十分宝贵的资料，因而如何保存出土的湿尸具有十分重要的意义。Wet corpses of cultural relics refer to the muscular tissue unearthed as a cultural relic with clear layers, relatively intact blood vessels and nerves, good tissue structure under a microscope, and cell structures can be found in some tissues. There may also be a small amount of fatty acid salt nodules on the skin surface, bone corpses with more or less decalcification. The well-preserved wet corpses provide valuable information for the research of anatomy, archaeology, species evolution, history and other disciplines, so how to preserve the unearthed wet corpses is of great significance.
从机体防腐理论上来说，湿尸出土后可以制成干尸如木乃伊或塑化保存，但这些方法使文物湿尸机体的组织结构发生变化，使湿尸文物丧失了其本来面貌及生命机体固有特征。而如果采用原位深埋密封保存，则又使湿尸文物彻底丧失了社会价值与人文价值。From the perspective of body antiseptic theory, after being unearthed, wet corpses can be made into mummies or preserved by plastination, but these methods change the organizational structure of the wet corpse body of cultural relics, making the cultural relics of wet corpses lose their original appearance and inherent characteristics of living organisms . However, if the in-situ deep burial and sealed preservation are adopted, the wet corpse cultural relics will completely lose their social value and humanistic value.
湿尸类文物因死亡年代久远导致的肌体结构与刚死亡生物尸体之间存在很大的差异，因此医学类尸体标本的一般防腐保存方法，如颈动脉灌注甲醛防腐液(甲醛溶液)等方法，显然不适于处理湿尸文物。针对湿尸类文物的特殊性，如何在防止其变色、脱水、脱钙及蛋白质降解以维持其出土时的原貌，并尽可能地延长保存时间，一直是制约湿尸型文物整体保存的技术瓶颈，也是湿尸类文物保护工作的重点与难点。There is a big difference between the body structure of wet corpse cultural relics due to the age of death and the dead biological corpse. Therefore, the general antiseptic preservation methods of medical corpse specimens, such as perfusing formaldehyde embalming solution (formaldehyde solution) in the carotid artery, etc., Obviously not suitable for dealing with wet corpse cultural relics. In view of the particularity of wet corpse cultural relics, how to prevent discoloration, dehydration, decalcification and protein degradation to maintain their original appearance when unearthed and prolong the storage time as much as possible has always been a technical bottleneck restricting the overall preservation of wet corpse cultural relics , It is also the focus and difficulty of the protection of wet corpse cultural relics.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了了解决现有医学尸体标本的防腐保存方法存在保存时间短、标本易变型、变色等缺点，本发明提出了一种生物湿尸类文物出土后的保存方法，该方法能有效的防止生物类湿尸文物腐烂、发霉、变色、脱水、脱钙及蛋白质降解，能使湿尸文物长时间保存，并很好地维持出土时的原貌。In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing anticorrosion preservation methods for medical corpse specimens such as short preservation time, easy deformation of specimens, and discoloration, the present invention proposes a preservation method for biological wet corpse cultural relics after unearthed, which can effectively prevent biological The decay, mold, discoloration, dehydration, decalcification and protein degradation of the wet corpse cultural relics can preserve the wet corpse cultural relics for a long time and maintain the original appearance when unearthed.
本发明的技术方案包括下述步骤：Technical scheme of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1、多位点动脉灌注，即对于湿尸采取双侧头颈总动脉、四肢动脉主干上下插管联合灌注，灌注药液的流速1～10μl/s，灌注压力为70～100mmHg；所述灌注液由体积百分数的：甲醛4～12％、无水乙醇6～20％、甘油0.1～1.5％、麝香草酚0.2～1.2％、氯化钠0.9±0.05％和剩余量的蒸馏水组成。1. Multi-site arterial perfusion, that is, for wet corpses, combined upper and lower cannulation of bilateral common head and carotid arteries and limb arteries, the flow rate of the perfusion liquid is 1-10 μl/s, and the perfusion pressure is 70-100 mmHg; the perfusion solution It consists of 4-12% formaldehyde, 6-20% absolute ethanol, 0.1-1.5% glycerin, 0.2-1.2% thymol, 0.9±0.05% sodium chloride and distilled water as the remainder.
2、体腔补注灌注液，包括颅腔、胸腔和腹腔注射灌注液；口腔、鼻腔与中耳插管补注灌注液。对于非完整的湿尸，进一步对头部、残缺躯体、肢体、内脏单个器官灌注灌注液。灌注液的总量为所需灌注湿尸体重的3～6％。2. Replenishment of perfusion fluid in the body cavity, including injection of perfusion fluid into the cranial cavity, thoracic cavity and peritoneal cavity; perfusion fluid infusion of oral cavity, nasal cavity and middle ear cannulation. For incomplete wet cadavers, perfusate the head, mutilated body, limbs, and visceral individual organs. The total amount of perfusate is 3-6% of the wet body weight required for perfusion.
3、密闭、恒温、恒湿、整体液浸：将按上述步骤处理后的湿尸置于充满保存液的密闭容器中，置于恒温恒湿环境中进行保存，保存温度为1～6℃，保存环境空气湿度为40～60％。所述保存液(体积百分数)由甲醛2～6％、无水乙醇5～12％、甘油0.3％～1.0％、氯化钠0.9±0.05％、和剩余量的蒸馏水混合组成。3. Airtight, constant temperature, constant humidity, overall liquid immersion: place the wet corpses treated according to the above steps in a closed container filled with preservation solution, and store them in a constant temperature and humidity environment. The storage temperature is 1-6°C. Store the ambient air humidity at 40-60%. The preservation solution (percentage by volume) is composed of 2-6% formaldehyde, 5-12% absolute ethanol, 0.3%-1.0% glycerin, 0.9±0.05% sodium chloride and the remaining distilled water.
本发明根据生物湿尸类出土文物的特殊保存要求，研制出配方独特的灌注液和保存液，并通过腔内注射，包括颅腔、腹腔、胸腔、口腔、鼻腔、中耳等局部注射使灌注液均匀渗透到内脏器官，以弥补动脉灌注时灌注液不能很好渗透的不足，确保保存液充分渗透到胸腹腔内各组织器官(如胃、肠道)。通过整体液浸使保存液迅速扩散到表面组织器官，同时也缓慢渗透到深层组织器官，实现湿尸与空气的隔离，并通过调控环境温度与湿度，维持外界环境的相对稳定，从而实现对生物湿尸类出土文物的稳定有效地长期保存。采取本发明的方法，能有效防止生物类湿尸文物腐烂、发霉、变色、脱水、脱钙及蛋白质降解，并很好的维持出土时的原貌，具有安全系数高、性能稳定、重复性好等优点。According to the special preservation requirements of biological wet corpses unearthed cultural relics, the present invention develops a perfusate and a preservation solution with a unique formula, and injects the perfusion solution through intracavity, including local injections in the cranial cavity, abdominal cavity, chest cavity, oral cavity, nasal cavity, middle ear, etc. Penetrate evenly into the internal organs to make up for the inability of the perfusate to permeate well during arterial perfusion, and ensure that the preservation solution fully penetrates into various tissues and organs in the chest and abdominal cavity (such as the stomach and intestinal tract). Through the overall liquid immersion, the preservation solution quickly diffuses to the surface tissues and organs, and at the same time slowly penetrates into the deep tissues and organs, realizing the isolation of wet corpses from the air, and maintaining the relative stability of the external environment by adjusting the ambient temperature and humidity, so as to achieve biological protection. Stable and effective long-term preservation of cultural relics unearthed from wet corpses. Adopting the method of the present invention can effectively prevent rot, mildew, discoloration, dehydration, decalcification and protein degradation of biological wet corpse cultural relics, and well maintain the original appearance when unearthed, with high safety factor, stable performance, good repeatability, etc. advantage.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
某地一具湿尸，出土时浸泡在棺液中，其外形完整，内脏俱全，肌体丰满，尚有弹性，四肢关节尚能活动；解剖时，肌肉组织层次分明，血管神经完好无损；镜检下组织结构保存也较良好，在某些组织中还能找到细胞结构。出土后用本发明方法处理保存，具体步骤为：A wet corpse in a certain place, soaked in coffin fluid when unearthed, has a complete appearance, complete internal organs, plump and elastic body, and movable joints of limbs; when dissected, the muscle tissue is clearly layered, and the blood vessels and nerves are intact; microscopic examination The lower tissue structures are also well preserved, and cell structures can also be found in some tissues. After being unearthed, process and preserve with the method of the present invention, and concrete steps are:
1.整体多位点动脉灌注1. Whole-body multi-site arterial perfusion
首先，行多位点动脉插管注入灌注液：1)分别从双侧胸锁乳突肌前缘中点解剖暴露颈总动脉，行上下插管；2)在双侧股三角解剖暴露股动脉，行上下插管；3)在双侧腋窝顶点解剖暴露腋动脉，行上下插管；随后，对上述12个管道同时注入灌注液。灌注液按体积百分比由甲醛6％、乙醇12％、甘油1.0％、麝香草酚0.8％、氯化钠0.9％、和79.3％的蒸馏水混合配制而成。灌注流速为：5μl/s，灌注压力为80mmHg。First, multi-site arterial cannulation was performed to inject perfusion fluid: 1) Dissect and expose the common carotid artery from the midpoint of the anterior edge of the bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles, and perform upper and lower cannulation; 2) Dissect and expose the femoral artery at the bilateral femoral triangle , perform upper and lower intubation; 3) anatomically expose the axillary artery at the apex of the bilateral axilla, and perform upper and lower intubation; then, inject perfusion fluid into the above-mentioned 12 channels at the same time. The perfusate is prepared by mixing 6% formaldehyde, 12% ethanol, 1.0% glycerin, 0.8% thymol, 0.9% sodium chloride and 79.3% distilled water according to volume percentage. The perfusion flow rate is: 5μl/s, and the perfusion pressure is 80mmHg.
2.局部体腔补注灌注液2. Partial body cavity replenishment with perfusate
1)采取对位点胸腔补注灌注液：选择双侧锁骨中线，从第2、第5肋间隙穿刺补注；选择肩胛下线，从第8肋间隙穿刺补注，注射针穿刺深度以突破壁胸膜为准。1) Replenish the perfusion fluid at the opposite site: select the midline of the clavicle on both sides, and puncture the 2nd and 5th intercostal spaces; The parietal pleura prevails.
2)多位点腹腔补注灌注液：选择左右季肋区、左右髂区、脐区的中心穿刺补注灌注液，注射针穿刺深度以突破壁腹膜为准。2) Multi-site intraperitoneal perfusion: select the left and right quarter rib regions, left and right iliac regions, and umbilical regions for central puncture to replenish the perfusate.
3)颅内注射灌注液：选择双侧翼点，采用电钻打孔(钻头直径小于0.1mm)，钻孔深度以突破硬脑膜为准，以防钻头损伤脑组织，注射灌注液。3) Intracranial injection of perfusate: select bilateral wing points, and use an electric drill to drill holes (drill diameter less than 0.1mm). The drilling depth shall be based on breaking through the dura mater, so as to prevent the drill from damaging the brain tissue, and then inject perfusate.
4)口腔、鼻腔、中耳灌注灌注液：直接插管法注入灌注液。4) Oral cavity, nasal cavity, and middle ear perfusion perfusion fluid: direct intubation method to inject perfusion fluid.
对于非完整的湿尸，经过上述处理后，再进一步进行：1)头部防腐处理，采用单侧颈总动脉插管灌注，同时结扎对侧颈总动脉及填塞双侧椎动脉。2)残缺躯体的防腐处理，采用供给局部动脉灌注及局部直接注射灌注液。3)残缺肢体防腐处理，采用相应的动脉主干灌注结合局部注射灌注液。4)内脏单个器官的防腐处理，寻找供给单个内脏器官的一级动脉或二级动脉灌注，同时采取直接注射灌注液。5)内脏联合器官的防腐处理，寻找供给内脏联合器官的动脉主干，结扎外露动脉断端后行单向或双向插管灌注，同时采取直接注射灌注液。For incomplete wet cadavers, after the above-mentioned treatment, proceed further: 1) head anti-corrosion treatment, using unilateral common carotid artery perfusion, ligation of the contralateral common carotid artery and packing of bilateral vertebral arteries at the same time. 2) For the embalming treatment of the mutilated body, local arterial perfusion and local direct injection of perfusate are adopted. 3) Corresponding arterial trunk perfusion combined with local injection of perfusate is used for antiseptic treatment of the mutilated limbs. 4) For the embalming treatment of a single internal organ, look for the primary or secondary arterial perfusion that supplies a single internal organ, and at the same time directly inject the perfusate. 5) Antisepsis treatment of visceral combined organs, find the main artery supplying visceral combined organs, ligate the stumps of exposed arteries, perform one-way or two-way intubation perfusion, and take direct injection of perfusate at the same time.
局部补注时，灌注液配比、灌注流速和灌注压力与整体多位点动脉灌注相同。整体和局部灌注完成后，灌注液的总量为湿尸体重的4.5％。During partial refilling, the perfusion fluid ratio, perfusion flow rate and perfusion pressure are the same as those of the overall multi-site arterial perfusion. After global and partial perfusion was completed, the total volume of perfusate was 4.5% of the wet cadaver weight.
3.对尸体的美化3. Beautification of dead bodies
对自然伤口与人为伤口进行修补处理，包括表面修补，化妆与美化；对灌注部位、打孔部位的修补。对肌体敏感部位如女性乳房、会阴部进行遮盖。Repair of natural wounds and man-made wounds, including surface repair, makeup and beautification; repair of perfusion parts and perforated parts. Cover sensitive parts of the body such as female breasts and perineum.
4.整体液浸，密闭处理4. Whole liquid immersion, airtight treatment
将经上述操作处理好的文物湿尸移至陈列棺中，加保存液，其液面以超过湿尸5cm后封棺，补加保存药液至满陈列棺为准，密封棺材，抽吸棺材中残留的气泡与空气。将密闭容器置于温度为：4℃，空气湿度50％的恒温恒湿保存环境中进行保存。所述保存液按体积比由4％的甲醛、8％的乙醇、0.8％的甘油、0.9％的氯化钠和86.3％的蒸馏水混合制备而成。Move the wet corpse of cultural relics processed through the above operations to the display coffin, add preservation solution, seal the coffin after the liquid level exceeds 5cm of the wet corpse, add preservation liquid until the display coffin is full, seal the coffin, and suction the coffin Bubbles and air remaining in the The airtight container is stored in a constant temperature and humidity storage environment with a temperature of 4° C. and an air humidity of 50%. The preservation solution is prepared by mixing 4% formaldehyde, 8% ethanol, 0.8% glycerin, 0.9% sodium chloride and 86.3% distilled water according to the volume ratio.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200810143981XACN101438699A (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Preservation method for biological wet carcase cultural relics after being dug out of earth |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200810143981XACN101438699A (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Preservation method for biological wet carcase cultural relics after being dug out of earth |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101438699Atrue CN101438699A (en) | 2009-05-27 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200810143981XAPendingCN101438699A (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Preservation method for biological wet carcase cultural relics after being dug out of earth |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101438699A (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107568200A (en)* | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-12 | 肇庆医学高等专科学校 | A kind of store method of anatomy sample |
| CN110720452A (en)* | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-24 | 南通大学 | Method for optimizing preservation of pathological gross specimens |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107568200A (en)* | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-12 | 肇庆医学高等专科学校 | A kind of store method of anatomy sample |
| CN110720452A (en)* | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-24 | 南通大学 | Method for optimizing preservation of pathological gross specimens |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Anderson | Practical light embalming technique for use in the surgical fresh tissue dissection laboratory | |
| López-Martínez et al. | Normothermic machine perfusion systems: where do we go from here? | |
| Zbarsky et al. | Lenin's embalmers | |
| Chapman et al. | On circulatory control mechanisms in the Pacific hagfish | |
| RU2320168C1 (en) | Method for production of anatomical preparation with hollow and tubular structures | |
| RU2017140605A (en) | METHOD OF CONSERVATION OF CELLS, TISSUES OR ORGANS THROUGH HYPOTHERMIA | |
| US9861094B2 (en) | Composition and method for tissue preservation and embalming | |
| CN101438699A (en) | Preservation method for biological wet carcase cultural relics after being dug out of earth | |
| Goodarzi et al. | Zinc chloride, a new material for embalming and preservation of the anatomical specimens | |
| Abayomi et al. | Embalmment: a veritable source of human body preservation | |
| Piombino-Mascali et al. | Mummies from Palermo | |
| JP6427649B2 (en) | Method of preserving biomaterial, method of producing biomaterial, biomaterial, implant material, implantation method and preservation device of biomaterial | |
| LaHood et al. | History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation | |
| Prata et al. | The proposition of a new method to convert formalin cadavers to academic and museology purposes | |
| Xie et al. | Morphological Study in Heart of Wild Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis). | |
| JPWO2021145396A5 (en) | ||
| CN114946827A (en) | Method for manufacturing animal meridian acupoint section display specimen | |
| Yoshida et al. | Heterotopic transplant of an isolated rat heart preserved for 72 h in perfluorocarbon with CO2 | |
| Adhikary et al. | A Review of Dead Body Preservation: A Historical Perspective on Ancient Techniques in Ayurveda and Modern Advances | |
| Kumar et al. | Human Body Preservation | |
| Pryimak et al. | Embalming: from ancient times to modern medicine | |
| Morrone et al. | Regulation of Cysteine-Protease Activity Prevents Graft Dysfunction during Ischemia-Lung Reperfusion | |
| RU2692917C1 (en) | Method of fixing and storing biomaterial using highly efficient and non-toxic reagent | |
| Ottone | Brief Review of the Origins of Anatomical Techniques | |
| RU2411950C1 (en) | Method of restoring natural face skin colour in corpses |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | Open date:20090527 |