CN101316982B - Cogeneration systems and processes for treating hydrocarbon containing formations - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

一种用于处理含烃地层(212)的系统，其包括蒸汽和电联产设备(218)。至少一个注射井(216)位于地层的第一部分。注射井构造为提供来自蒸汽和电联产设备的蒸汽到地层的第一部分。至少一个生产井(206A)位于地层的第一部分。生产井构造为产生第一烃。至少一个电加热器(214)位于地层的第一部分和/或地层第二部分，并构造为由来自蒸汽和电联产设备的电供给动力。至少一个生产井位于地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分。生产井构造为产生第二烃。蒸汽和电联产设备构造为使用第一烃和/或第二烃发电。

A system for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation (212) includes a combined steam and electricity generation facility (218). At least one injection well (216) is located in the first portion of the formation. The injection well is configured to provide steam from the steam and electricity cogeneration facility to the first portion of the formation. At least one production well (206A) is located in the first portion of the formation. A production well is configured to produce a first hydrocarbon. At least one electric heater (214) is located in the first portion of the formation and/or in the second portion of the formation and is configured to be powered by electricity from the steam and electricity cogeneration facility. At least one production well is located in the first portion of the formation and/or in the second portion of the formation. The production well is configured to produce the second hydrocarbon. The steam and electricity cogeneration plant is configured to generate electricity using the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon.

Description

Translated fromChinese

用于处理含烃地层的联产系统和方法Cogeneration systems and methods for treating hydrocarbon-bearing formations

技术领域technical field

本发明总体涉及用于从各种地下地层例如含烃地层中生产烃、氢气和/或其它产品的方法和系统。具体地，一些实施方案涉及与蒸汽注入采收和原位处理含烃地层组合使用蒸汽和电联产设备。The present invention generally relates to methods and systems for producing hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and/or other products from various subterranean formations, such as hydrocarbon-bearing formations. In particular, some embodiments relate to using steam and electricity cogeneration equipment in combination with steam injection for recovery and in-situ treatment of hydrocarbon-bearing formations.

背景技术Background technique

从地下地层中获得的烃常常用作能源、作为原料和作为消费品。对可获得的烃源耗尽的担心和对所生产的烃的总质量下降的担心已经导致开发了更加有效地采收、加工和/或使用可获得的烃源的方法。可使用原位法从地下地层中移出烃物质。可能需要改变地下地层内的烃物质的化学和/或物理性能，以允许烃物质更加容易地从地下地层中移出。化学和物理变化可包括产生可移出流体、组成变化、溶解度变化、密度变化、相变和/或地层内烃物质的粘度变化的原位反应。流体可以是但不限于气体、液体、乳液、淤浆和/或具有与液体流动类似流动特征的固体颗粒的物流。Hydrocarbons obtained from subterranean formations are often used as energy sources, as feedstocks, and as consumer goods. Concerns over the depletion of available hydrocarbon sources and concerns about a decrease in the overall quality of hydrocarbons produced have led to the development of methods to more efficiently recover, process and/or use available hydrocarbon sources. Hydrocarbon species may be removed from subterranean formations using in situ methods. It may be desirable to alter the chemical and/or physical properties of the hydrocarbon species within the subterranean formation to allow easier removal of the hydrocarbon species from the subterranean formation. Chemical and physical changes may include in situ reactions that produce removable fluids, compositional changes, solubility changes, density changes, phase changes, and/or viscosity changes of hydrocarbon species within the formation. Fluids may be, but are not limited to, gases, liquids, emulsions, slurries, and/or streams of solid particles having flow characteristics similar to liquid flows.

在北美、南美、非洲和亚洲发现在相对不可渗透的地层中(例如在焦油砂中)包含的大的重质烃(重质油和/或沥青)贮量。焦油可以地面采矿和提质成较轻的烃如原油、石脑油、煤油和/或瓦斯油。地面选矿处理可进一步使沥青与砂子分离。分离的沥青可以使用常规的精炼方法转化成轻质烃。与从常规油储层中生产较轻烃相比，采矿和提质焦油砂通常明显更贵一些。Large deposits of heavy hydrocarbons (heavy oil and/or bitumen) contained in relatively impermeable formations such as in tar sands are found in North America, South America, Africa and Asia. Tars can be ground mined and upgraded to lighter hydrocarbons such as crude oil, naphtha, kerosene and/or gas oil. Ground beneficiation further separates bitumen from sand. The separated bitumen can be converted to light hydrocarbons using conventional refining methods. Mining and upgrading tar sands are generally significantly more expensive than producing lighter hydrocarbons from conventional oil reservoirs.

从焦油砂中原位生产烃可采用加热和/或将气体注入地层来实现。Ostapovich等人的美国专利No.5211230和Leaute的美国专利No.5339897描述了位于储油层中的水平生产井。竖直导管可用来将氧化剂气体注入储层用于原位燃烧。In situ production of hydrocarbons from tar sands can be accomplished using heating and/or injecting gas into the formation. US Patent No. 5,211,230 to Ostapovich et al. and US Patent No. 5,339,897 to Leaute describe horizontal production wells located in oil reservoirs. Vertical conduits may be used to inject oxidant gas into the reservoir for in situ combustion.

Ljungstrom的美国专利No.2780450描述了原位加热含沥青地质地层而使液态焦油状物质转化或裂化为油和气。US Patent No. 2,780,450 to Ljungstrom describes in situ heating of bituminous geological formations to convert or crack liquid tar-like materials into oil and gas.

Ware等人的美国专利No.4597441描述了在储层中石油、热量和氢同时接触，加氢可提高油从储层中的采收率。US Patent No. 4,597,441 to Ware et al. describes the simultaneous contacting of oil, heat, and hydrogen in a reservoir, and the hydrogenation enhances the recovery of oil from the reservoir.

Glandt的美国专利No.5046559和Glandt等人的No.5060726描述了预热注射井和生产井之间的部分焦油砂地层。可将蒸汽从注射井注入到地层内以在生产井生产烃。US Patent Nos. 5,046,559 to Glandt and 5,060,726 to Glandt et al. describe preheating portions of tar sands formations between injection wells and production wells. Steam may be injected into the formation from injection wells to produce hydrocarbons at production wells.

如上所述，已经做了大量努力来开发从含烃地层经济地生产烃、氢和/或其它产品的方法和系统。通过蒸汽注入和原位热处理法二者来生产烃可以增加从含烃地层的烃的总采收率。使用两种方法可能比单独使用任一方法更加经济。As noted above, considerable effort has been made to develop methods and systems for economically producing hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and/or other products from hydrocarbon-bearing formations. Production of hydrocarbons by both steam injection and in situ thermal processing can increase the overall recovery of hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon containing formation. Using both methods may be more economical than using either method alone.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本文中描述的实施方案总体涉及用于处理地下地层的系统、方法和加热器。本文中描述的实施方案还总体涉及其中具有新型组件的加热器。通过使用本文中描述的系统和方法可以获得这类加热器。Embodiments described herein relate generally to systems, methods, and heaters for treating subterranean formations. Embodiments described herein also generally relate to heaters having novel components therein. Such heaters can be obtained using the systems and methods described herein.

在一些实施方案中，本发明提供一种或多种系统、方法和/或加热器。在一些实施方案中，该系统、方法和/或加热器用于处理地下地层。In some embodiments, the present invention provides one or more systems, methods and/or heaters. In some embodiments, the systems, methods and/or heaters are used to treat subterranean formations.

在一些实施方案中，本发明提供用于处理含烃地层的系统，包括：蒸汽和电联产设备；位于地层第一部分的至少一个注射井，该注射井构造为从蒸汽和电联产设备提供蒸汽到地层的第一部分；位于地层第一部分的至少一个生产井，该生产井构造为产生第一烃；位于地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分的至少一个电加热器，该电加热器中的至少一个构造为由来自蒸汽和电联产设备的电供给动力；位于地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分的至少一个生产井，该生产井构造为产生第二烃；和蒸汽和电联产设备，其构造为使用第一烃和/或第二烃发电。In some embodiments, the present invention provides a system for treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation comprising: a steam and electricity cogeneration facility; at least one injection well located in a first portion of the formation, the injection well configured to provide steam to the first portion of the formation; at least one production well located in the first portion of the formation, the production well configured to produce the first hydrocarbons; at least one electric heater located in the first portion of the formation and/or the second portion of the formation, in the electric heater at least one configuration of which is powered by electricity from a steam and electricity cogeneration facility; at least one production well located in the first portion of the formation and/or the second portion of the formation, the production well configured to produce a second hydrocarbon; and the combined steam and electricity A production facility configured to generate electricity using the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon.

在一些实施方案中，本发明提供用于处理含烃地层的方法，包括：向地层第一部分提供蒸汽；从地层第一部分生产第一烃；从一个或多个电加热器向地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分提供热量；允许提供的热量从加热器传递到地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分；从地层第二部分生产第二烃；和在蒸汽和电联产设备中使用第一烃和/或第二烃，其中该设备向地层第一部分提供蒸汽和向加热器提供电。In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation comprising: providing steam to a first portion of the formation; producing a first hydrocarbon from the first portion of the formation; supplying steam from one or more electric heaters to the first portion of the formation and/or or the second portion of the formation; allowing the supplied heat to be transferred from the heater to the first portion of the formation and/or the second portion of the formation; producing a second hydrocarbon from the second portion of the formation; and using the first hydrocarbon and/or a second hydrocarbon, wherein the device provides steam to the first portion of the formation and electricity to the heater.

在进一步的实施方案中，可组合来自具体实施方案的特征和来自其它实施方案的特征。例如来自一个实施方案的特征可与来自任何其它实施方案的特征组合。In further embodiments, features from particular embodiments may be combined with features from other embodiments. For example features from one embodiment may be combined with features from any other embodiment.

在进一步的实施方案中，使用此处所述的任何一种方法、系统或加热器，进行地下地层的处理。In further embodiments, the treatment of a subterranean formation is performed using any of the methods, systems, or heaters described herein.

在进一步的实施方案中，可添加附加的特征到此处所述的具体实施方案中。In further embodiments, additional features may be added to the specific embodiments described herein.

附图说明Description of drawings

在受益于下述详细说明并参考附图的情况下，本发明的优点对于本领域的技术人员来说将变得显而易见，其中：Advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art with the benefit of the following detailed description and reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

图1描述了对加热含烃地层的阶段的说明。Figure 1 depicts an illustration of the stages of heating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation.

图2给出了用于处理含烃地层的原位热处理系统的一部分的实施方案的示意图。Figure 2 presents a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a portion of an in-situ thermal treatment system for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation.

附图3描述了用于从含烃地层生产烃的实施方案的示意图。Figure 3 depicts a schematic diagram of an embodiment for producing hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon containing formation.

尽管本发明易于进行各种改进和替代形式，但其具体实施方案通过附图内的实施例方式给出，且可在此处详细描述。附图可能不是按比例的。然而，应当理解，附图及其详细说明不打算限制本发明到所公开的特定形式，相反，本发明拟覆盖落在所附权利要求定义的本发明的精神与范围内的所有改进、等价和替代方案。While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and may be described in detail herein. The drawings may not be to scale. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and their detailed description are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and modifications falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. and alternatives.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下述说明一般地涉及处理地层内的烃的系统与方法。可处理这种地层得到烃产品、氢气和其它产品。The following description generally relates to systems and methods for processing hydrocarbons within a formation. Such formations can be processed to produce hydrocarbon products, hydrogen, and other products.

“烃”通常定义为主要由碳和氢原子形成的分子。烃也可包括其它元素，例如但不限于卤素、金属元素、氮、氧和/或硫。烃可以是但不限于油母质、沥青、焦沥青、油、天然矿物蜡和沥青岩。烃可位于地壳内的矿物母岩内或者与之相邻。母岩可包括但不限于沉积岩、砂子、硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硅藻土和其它多孔介质。“烃流体”是包含烃的流体。烃流体可包含、夹带或者被夹带在非烃流体内，所述非烃流体例如氢气、氮气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、硫化氢、水和氨气。"Hydrocarbons" are generally defined as molecules formed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons may also include other elements such as, but not limited to, halogens, metallic elements, nitrogen, oxygen, and/or sulfur. Hydrocarbons may be, but are not limited to, kerogen, bitumen, pyrobitumen, oil, natural mineral waxes, and bituminous rocks. Hydrocarbons may be located within or adjacent to mineral matrix within the Earth's crust. Host rocks may include, but are not limited to, sedimentary rocks, sands, silicates, carbonates, diatomaceous earth, and other porous media. A "hydrocarbon fluid" is a fluid comprising hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon fluids may contain, entrain, or be entrained within non-hydrocarbon fluids such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, water, and ammonia.

“地层”包括一层或多层含烃层、一层或多层非烃层、上覆地层和/或下伏地层。“上覆地层”和/或“下伏地层”包括一类或更多不同类的不可渗透材料。例如上覆地层和/或下伏地层可包括岩石、页岩、泥岩或湿/致密碳酸盐。在原位热处理法的一些实施方案中，上覆地层和/或下伏地层可包括一层含烃层或多层含烃层，所述含烃层相对不可渗透且没有经历导致上覆地层和/或下伏地层中含烃层显著特性变化的原位热处理加工过程中的温度。例如下伏地层可包含页岩或泥岩，但不允许加热上覆地层到原位热处理法期间的热解温度下。在一些情况下，上覆地层和/或下伏地层可具有一些渗透性。A "formation" includes one or more hydrocarbon-bearing layers, one or more non-hydrocarbon layers, an overburden, and/or an underburden. An "overburden" and/or an "underburden" includes one or more different types of impermeable materials. For example, the overburden and/or the underburden may include rock, shale, mudstone, or wet/tight carbonate. In some embodiments of the in situ heat treatment method, the overburden and/or the underburden may include a hydrocarbon-bearing layer or layers that are relatively impermeable and have not undergone a process that would cause the overburden and and/or temperatures during in-situ heat treatment processes that significantly change the properties of hydrocarbon-bearing formations in an underburden. For example the underburden may contain shale or mudstone, but does not allow heating of the overburden to the pyrolysis temperature during the in situ heat treatment process. In some cases, the overburden and/or the underburden may have some permeability.

“地层流体”是指存在于地层内的流体，且可包括热解流体、合成气、运动流体、减粘流体和水(蒸汽)。地层流体可包括烃流体以及非烃流体。术语“运动流体”是指作为热处理地层的结果能流动的含烃地层内的流体。“减粘流体”是指因地层热处理而粘度降低的流体。"Formation fluid" refers to fluids present within a formation, and may include pyrolysis fluids, syngas, motive fluids, visbreaking fluids, and water (steam). Formation fluids may include hydrocarbon fluids as well as non-hydrocarbon fluids. The term "motile fluid" refers to a fluid within a hydrocarbon-bearing formation that is capable of flowing as a result of thermally treating the formation. "Viscosifying fluid" refers to a fluid whose viscosity has been reduced by thermal treatment of a formation.

“所生产的流体”是指从地层中移出的地层流体。"Produced fluid" refers to formation fluids that are removed from the formation.

“热源”是基本通过传导和/或辐射传热提供热量到至少一部分地层的任何系统。例如热源可包括电加热器，例如绝缘导体、伸长构件和/或在导管内布置的导体。热源也可包括通过在地层外部或者内部燃烧燃料生成热的系统。该系统可以是表面燃烧器、井下气体燃烧器、无火焰的分布燃烧器和自然分布的燃烧器。在一些实施方案中，可通过其它能源供应在一个或多个热源内提供或生成的热量。其它能源可直接加热地层，或者可施加能量到传递介质上，所述传递介质直接或间接加热地层。应理解向地层施加热量的一个或多个热源可使用不同的能源。因此，例如对于给定的地层来说，某些热源可由电阻加热器供应热量，某些热源可由燃烧提供热量，而某些热源可由一种或多种其它能源(例如化学反应、太阳能、风能、生物物质或其它可再生的能源)提供热量。化学反应可包括放热反应(例如氧化反应)。热源也可包括提供热量到与加热位置相邻区域和/或在其周围区域例如加热器井的加热器。A "heat source" is any system that provides heat to at least a portion of a formation substantially by conduction and/or radiation heat transfer. For example, the heat source may comprise an electric heater, such as an insulated conductor, an elongate member, and/or a conductor disposed within the conduit. Heat sources may also include systems that generate heat by burning fuel either externally or internally in the formation. The system can be a surface burner, a downhole gas burner, a flameless distributed burner and a natural distributed burner. In some embodiments, the heat provided or generated within the one or more heat sources may be supplied by other energy sources. Other energy sources may directly heat the formation, or may apply energy to a transfer medium that directly or indirectly heats the formation. It should be understood that the one or more heat sources that apply heat to the formation may use different energy sources. Thus, for example, for a given formation, some heat sources may be supplied by resistive heaters, some may be supplied by combustion, and some may be supplied by one or more other energy sources (e.g., chemical reactions, solar energy, wind energy, biomass or other renewable energy sources) to provide heat. Chemical reactions may include exothermic reactions (eg, oxidation reactions). The heat source may also include a heater that provides heat to an area adjacent to and/or in the surrounding area of the heating location, such as a heater well.

“加热器”是在井内或者在附近的井孔区域内生成热的任何系统或热源。加热器可以是但不限于电加热器、燃烧器、与在地层内的材料或者从地层中产生的材料反应的燃烧器、和/或它们的组合。A "heater" is any system or heat source that generates heat within the well or in the vicinity of the wellbore region. The heater may be, but is not limited to, an electric heater, a burner, a burner that reacts with material within or produced from the formation, and/or combinations thereof.

“原位热处理法”是指用热源加热含烃地层以将至少一部分地层的温度升高到流动或减粘或者热解温度之上以使得在地层中生产流动的流体、减粘流体或者热解流体的方法。"In situ thermal processing" means heating a hydrocarbon containing formation with a heat source to raise the temperature of at least a portion of the formation above the mobilization or visbreaking or pyrolysis temperature such that mobilization, visbreaking fluids or pyrolysis are produced in the formation fluid approach.

“限温加热器”通常是指在不使用外部控制例如温度控制器、功率调节器、整流器或者其它设备的情况下在指定温度之上调节热输出(例如降低热输出)的加热器。限温加热器可以是AC(交流电流)或调制的(例如“斩波的”)DC(直流电流)供电的电阻加热器。A "temperature-limited heater" generally refers to a heater that regulates (eg, reduces) heat output above a specified temperature without the use of external controls such as temperature controllers, power regulators, rectifiers, or other devices. The temperature limited heater may be an AC (alternating current) or modulated (eg "chopped") DC (direct current) powered resistive heater.

术语“井孔”是指通过在地层内钻探或者插入导管形成的地层内的孔。井孔可具有基本上圆形的截面，或者为其它截面形状。此处所使用的术语“井”和“开口”当是指在地层内的开口时，可与术语“井孔”互换使用。The term "wellbore" refers to a hole in a formation formed by drilling or inserting a conduit into the formation. The wellbore may have a substantially circular cross-section, or other cross-sectional shapes. As used herein, the terms "well" and "opening" are used interchangeably with the term "wellbore" when referring to an opening in a formation.

“u-形井孔”是指从地层中的第一开口延伸通过至少一部分地层并且在地层中的第二开口通出的井孔。在本上下文中，井孔可以仅仅大致为“v”或“u”的形状，应理解的是对于被认为是“u-形”的井孔而言，该“u”的“腿”不需要彼此平行或者与“u”的“底部”垂直。A "u-shaped wellbore" refers to a wellbore that extends from a first opening in the formation through at least a portion of the formation and out through a second opening in the formation. In this context, a wellbore may only be approximately "v" or "u" shaped, it being understood that for a wellbore to be considered "u-shaped", the "legs" of the "u" need not Either parallel to each other or perpendicular to the "bottom" of the "u".

“减粘”是指在热处理中流体分子的解缠绕和/或在热处理中大分子分解为小分子导致流体粘度的降低。"Viscosification" refers to the disentanglement of fluid molecules during heat treatment and/or the breakdown of large molecules into small molecules during heat treatment resulting in a reduction in fluid viscosity.

“热解”是由于施加热量导致的化学键断裂。例如热解可包括通过单独加热将化合物转化成一种或多种其它物质。热量可转移到一部分地层上以引起热解。"Pyrolysis" is the breaking of chemical bonds due to the application of heat. For example, pyrolysis may involve converting a compound into one or more other species by heating alone. Heat may be transferred to a portion of the formation to cause pyrolysis.

“热解流体”或“热解产品”是指基本上在热解烃的过程中产生的流体。通过热解反应产生的流体可与地层内的其它流体混合。该混合物将被视为热解流体或热解产品。此处所使用的“热解区”是指反应了或者正在反应形成热解流体的地层体积(例如相对可渗透的地层，如焦油砂地层)。"Pyrolysis fluid" or "pyrolysis product" means a fluid produced substantially during the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. Fluids produced by pyrolysis reactions may mix with other fluids within the formation. This mixture will be considered as pyrolysis fluid or pyrolysis product. As used herein, "pyrolysis zone" refers to a volume of a formation (eg, a relatively permeable formation such as a tar sands formation) that has reacted or is reacting to form pyrolysis fluids.

“裂化”是指包括有机化合物的分解和分子重组以产生比最初更大数量分子的过程。在裂化过程中，伴随分子之间氢原子的转移发生一系列的反应。例如石脑油可经过热裂化反应形成乙烯和H₂。"Cracking" refers to a process involving the breakdown and molecular recombination of organic compounds to produce a larger number of molecules than initially. During the cracking process, a series of reactions take place with the transfer of hydrogen atoms between molecules. For example, naphtha can undergo thermal cracking reactions to form ethylene and H₂ .

“热叠加”是指从两个或更多热源向选定的地层部分提供热量，从而使热源之间至少一个位置的地层温度受到热源的影响。"Heat stacking" means providing heat from two or more heat sources to selected portions of a formation such that the temperature of the formation at at least one location between the heat sources is affected by the heat sources.

“流体压力”是地层中的流体产生的压力。“岩石静压力”(有时称为“岩石静应力”)是地层内的压力，等于单位面积上覆岩石物质的重量。“静水压力”是水柱施加到地层的压力。"Fluid pressure" is the pressure exerted by the fluid in the formation. "Lithostatic pressure" (sometimes called "lithostatic stress") is the pressure within a formation equal to the weight of overlying rock material per unit area. "Hydrostatic pressure" is the pressure exerted by a column of water on a formation.

“API比重度”是指在15.5℃(60℉)的API比重度。API比重度是用ASTM方法D6822确定的。"API gravity" means the API gravity at 15.5°C (60°F). API gravity is determined using ASTM method D6822.

层“厚度”是指层横截面的厚度，其中横截面与层面垂直。Layer "thickness" refers to the thickness of the layer in cross-section, where the cross-section is perpendicular to the layer.

“重质烃”是粘稠的烃流体。重质烃可以包括高粘烃流体，如重质油、焦油和/或沥青。重质烃可以包含碳和氢以及较小浓度的硫、氧和氮。重质烃中也可以存在微量的其它元素。重质烃可以用API比重度来分类。重质烃的API比重度通常低于约20°。例如重质油的API比重度通常约为10-20°，而焦油的API比重度通常低于约10°。重质烃在15℃下的粘度通常大于约100厘泊。重质烃可以包含芳烃或其它复杂的环烃。"Heavy hydrocarbons" are viscous hydrocarbon fluids. Heavy hydrocarbons may include highly viscous hydrocarbon fluids, such as heavy oils, tars, and/or bitumen. Heavy hydrocarbons may contain carbon and hydrogen with lesser concentrations of sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. Trace amounts of other elements may also be present in heavy hydrocarbons. Heavy hydrocarbons can be classified by API gravity. Heavy hydrocarbons typically have an API gravity below about 20°. For example, heavy oils typically have an API gravity of about 10-20°, while tars typically have an API gravity of less than about 10°. Heavy hydrocarbons typically have a viscosity greater than about 100 centipoise at 15°C. Heavy hydrocarbons may contain aromatics or other complex cyclic hydrocarbons.

可以在相对可渗透的地层中发现重质烃。相对可渗透的地层可以包括夹带在例如砂或碳酸盐中的烃。“相对可渗透”定义为对于地层或部分地层平均渗透性为10毫达西或更大(例如10毫达西或100毫达西)。“相对低渗透性”定义为对于地层或部分地层平均渗透性低于约10毫达西。1达西等于约0.99平方毫米。不可渗透层的渗透性通常小于约0.1毫达西。Heavy hydrocarbons can be found in relatively permeable formations. Relatively permeable formations may include hydrocarbons entrained in, for example, sand or carbonates. "Relatively permeable" is defined as having an average permeability to a formation or portion of a formation of 10 mD or greater (eg, 10 mD or 100 mD). "Relatively low permeability" is defined as having an average permeability for a formation or portion of a formation of less than about 10 mD. 1 Darcy is equal to about 0.99 square millimeters. The permeability of the impermeable layer is generally less than about 0.1 millidarcy.

“焦油”是15℃下的粘度通常大于约10000厘泊的粘稠烃。焦油的比重通常超过1.000。焦油的API比重度可以小于10°。"Tar" is a viscous hydrocarbon having a viscosity generally greater than about 10,000 centipoise at 15°C. Tar usually has a specific gravity in excess of 1.000. The API gravity of the tar may be less than 10°.

“焦油砂地层”是其中烃主要以夹带在矿粒骨架或其它主体岩石(例如砂或碳酸盐)中的重质烃和/或焦油形式存在的地层。焦油砂地层包括地层例如Athabasca焦油砂地层和Grosmont碳酸盐地层，二者都在加拿大的Alberta。A "tar sands formation" is a formation in which hydrocarbons exist primarily as heavy hydrocarbons and/or tars entrained in an ore matrix or other host rock (eg, sand or carbonate). Tar sands formations include formations such as the Athabasca tar sands formation and the Grosmont carbonate formation, both in Alberta, Canada.

在某些情况下，相对可渗透地层的部分或所有烃部分可以主要是重质烃和/或焦油，而没有支撑矿粒框架和仅有漂浮的(或没有)矿物质(例如沥青湖)。In some cases, some or all of the hydrocarbon fraction of a relatively permeable formation may be predominantly heavy hydrocarbons and/or tars, with no supporting grain framework and only floating (or no) minerals (eg, bitumen lakes).

含重质烃地层的某些类型也可以是但不限于天然矿物蜡或天然沥青。“天然矿物蜡”通常出现在基本上为管状的矿脉中，其可以宽数米，长数公里和深数百米。“天然沥青”包括芳烃组合物的固态烃，并且通常出现在大矿脉中。从地层中原位开采烃例如天然矿物蜡和天然沥青可以包括熔融形成液态烃和/或从地层中溶液采矿烃。Certain types of formations containing heavy hydrocarbons may also be, but are not limited to, natural mineral waxes or natural bitumen. "Natural mineral waxes" generally occur in essentially tubular veins, which may be meters wide, kilometers long and hundreds of meters deep. "Natural bitumen" includes solid hydrocarbons of aromatic composition and typically occurs in large veins. In situ production of hydrocarbons, such as natural mineral waxes and natural bitumen, from the formation may include melting to form liquid hydrocarbons and/or solution mining hydrocarbons from the formation.

“提质”是指提高烃的质量。例如提质重质烃可使重质烃的API比重度提高。"Upgrading" means increasing the quality of hydrocarbons. For example, upgrading heavy hydrocarbons can increase the API gravity of heavy hydrocarbons.

可以各种方式处理地层中的烃以制得许多不同产品。在一些实施方案中，地层中的烃分阶段进行处理。图1描述了对加热含烃地层的阶段的说明。图1还描述了来自地层的地层流体以桶油当量/吨计的产率(“Y”)(y轴)对以℃计的加热地层的温度(“T”)(x轴)的例子。Hydrocarbons in a formation can be processed in various ways to produce many different products. In some embodiments, hydrocarbons in the formation are processed in stages. Figure 1 depicts an illustration of the stages of heating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation. Figure 1 also depicts an example of the rate of formation fluids from a formation in barrels of oil equivalent per ton ("Y") (y-axis) versus temperature in °C ("T") (x-axis) of the heated formation.

在阶段1加热期间出现了甲烷的解吸和水的汽化。通过阶段1加热地层可以尽可能迅速地进行。例如当最初将含烃地层加热时，地层中的烃解吸所吸附的甲烷。可以从地层中生产解吸的甲烷。如果将含烃地层进一步加热，则含烃地层中的水汽化。在一些含烃地层中，水可以占据地层中的孔体积的10-50％。在其它地层中，水占据更大或更小比例的孔体积。水通常在地层中在160-285℃在600-7000kPa绝压的压力下汽化。在一些实施方案中，汽化的水产生地层中的润湿性变化和/或增加的地层压力。该润湿性变化和/或增加的压力可以影响地层中的热解反应或其它反应。在一些实施方案中，从地层中生产汽化的水。在其它实施方案中，汽化的水用于在地层中或地层外面的抽汽和/或蒸馏。将水从地层中排出并且提高地层中的孔体积增加了孔体积中烃的储存空间。Desorption of methane and vaporization of water occurred duringstage 1 heating. Heating the formation throughstage 1 can be done as quickly as possible. For example, when a hydrocarbon containing formation is initially heated, the hydrocarbons in the formation desorb the adsorbed methane. Desorbed methane may be produced from the formation. If the hydrocarbon containing formation is further heated, the water in the hydrocarbon containing formation vaporizes. In some hydrocarbon containing formations, water may occupy 10-50% of the pore volume in the formation. In other formations, water occupies a greater or lesser proportion of the pore volume. Water is typically vaporized in the formation at 160-285°C at a pressure of 600-7000 kPa absolute. In some embodiments, the vaporized water produces wettability changes in the formation and/or increased formation pressure. This wettability change and/or increased pressure may affect pyrolysis or other reactions in the formation. In some embodiments, vaporized water is produced from the formation. In other embodiments, the vaporized water is used for extraction and/or distillation in or outside the formation. Draining water from the formation and increasing the pore volume in the formation increases the storage space for hydrocarbons in the pore volume.

在一些实施方案中，在阶段1加热之后将地层进一步加热，以使得地层中的温度达到(至少)最初的热解温度(例如在如阶段2所示的温度范围下端的温度)。地层中的烃可能在阶段2被热解。热解温度范围取决于地层中烃的种类而变化。热解温度范围可以包括250-900℃的温度。用于生产所希望的产品的热解温度范围可以延伸穿过总热解温度范围的仅仅一部分。在一些实施方案中，用于生产所希望的产品的热解温度范围可以包括250-400℃的温度或者270-350℃的温度。如果地层中烃的温度缓慢升高通过250-400℃的温度，则当温度达到400℃时热解产品的生产可能基本完成。烃的平均温度可以在小于5℃/天、小于2℃/天、小于1℃/天或小于0.5℃/天的速率下升高通过用于生产所希望的产品的热解温度范围。用多个热源加热含烃地层可以在热源周围建立热梯度，以缓慢升高地层中烃的温度通过热解温度范围。In some embodiments, the formation is further heated afterStage 1 heating such that the temperature in the formation reaches (at least) the initial pyrolysis temperature (eg, a temperature at the lower end of the temperature range shown as Stage 2). Hydrocarbons in the formation may be pyrolyzed instage 2. The pyrolysis temperature range varies depending on the type of hydrocarbons in the formation. The pyrolysis temperature range may include temperatures from 250-900°C. The pyrolysis temperature range for producing the desired product may extend across only a portion of the total pyrolysis temperature range. In some embodiments, the pyrolysis temperature range for producing the desired product may include a temperature of 250-400°C or a temperature of 270-350°C. If the temperature of the hydrocarbons in the formation is slowly raised through a temperature of 250-400°C, the production of pyrolysis products may be substantially complete when the temperature reaches 400°C. The average temperature of the hydrocarbons may be raised through the pyrolysis temperature range for production of the desired product at a rate of less than 5°C/day, less than 2°C/day, less than 1°C/day, or less than 0.5°C/day. Heating a hydrocarbon containing formation with multiple heat sources can create a thermal gradient around the heat sources to slowly raise the temperature of the hydrocarbons in the formation through the pyrolysis temperature range.

通过用于所希望的产品的热解温度范围的温度升高速率可能影响从含烃地层中生产的地层流体的质量和数量。将温度缓慢升高通过用于所希望的产品的热解温度范围可能抑制地层中长链分子的流动。将温度缓慢升高通过用于所希望的产品的热解温度范围可能限制在流动的烃之间产生不希望的产品的反应。将地层的温度缓慢升高通过用于所希望的产品的热解温度范围可以使得从地层中生产高质量、高API比重度的烃。将地层的温度缓慢升高通过用于所希望的产品的热解温度范围可以使得作为烃产品取出在地层中存在的大量的烃。The rate of temperature increase through the pyrolysis temperature range for a desired product can affect the quality and quantity of formation fluids produced from a hydrocarbon containing formation. Slowly raising the temperature through the pyrolysis temperature range for the desired product may inhibit the mobilization of long chain molecules in the formation. Slowly raising the temperature through the pyrolysis temperature range for the desired product may limit reactions between flowing hydrocarbons that produce undesired products. Slowly raising the temperature of the formation through the pyrolysis temperature range for the desired product can result in the production of high quality, high API gravity hydrocarbons from the formation. Slowly raising the temperature of the formation through the pyrolysis temperature range for the desired product can allow the withdrawal of large quantities of hydrocarbons present in the formation as hydrocarbon products.

在一些原位热处理实施方案中，将一部分地层加热至所希望的温度而不是缓慢加热使温度通过温度范围。在一些实施方案中，所希望的温度为300℃、325℃或350℃。可以选择其它的温度作为所希望的温度。来自热源的热的叠加使得在地层中相对迅速并且有效地建立所希望的温度。可以调节从热源到地层中的能量输入以将地层中的温度基本保持在所希望的温度下。将加热部分的地层基本保持在所希望的温度下直到热解减少使得从地层中生产所希望的地层流体变得不经济。经受热解的地层部分可以包括通过仅由一个热源传热而被带入热解温度范围内的区域。In some in situ heat treatment embodiments, a portion of the formation is heated to a desired temperature rather than being slowly heated through a temperature range. In some embodiments, the desired temperature is 300°C, 325°C, or 350°C. Other temperatures can be selected as the desired temperature. The superposition of heat from the heat sources allows the desired temperature to be established in the formation relatively quickly and efficiently. Energy input from the heat source into the formation may be adjusted to maintain the temperature in the formation substantially at a desired temperature. The heated portion of the formation is maintained substantially at the desired temperature until pyrolysis is reduced such that it becomes uneconomical to produce the desired formation fluids from the formation. The portion of the formation subjected to pyrolysis may include regions brought into the pyrolysis temperature range by heat transfer by only one heat source.

在一些实施方案中，从地层中生产包括热解流体的地层流体。当地层温度增加时，生产的地层流体中可冷凝的烃的数量可能降低。在高温下，地层可能产出大部分甲烷和/或氢气。如果将含烃地层加热通过整个热解范围，则对于热解范围的上限，地层可能产出仅仅少量的氢气。在所有可获得的氢气枯竭之后，将通常出现来自地层的最小数量的流体产量。In some embodiments, formation fluids, including pyrolysis fluids, are produced from the formation. As formation temperatures increase, the amount of condensable hydrocarbons in produced formation fluids may decrease. At high temperatures, the formation may produce most of the methane and/or hydrogen. If a hydrocarbon-bearing formation is heated through the entire pyrolysis range, the formation may produce only small amounts of hydrogen for the upper end of the pyrolysis range. After all available hydrogen is depleted, there will generally be a minimum amount of fluid production from the formation.

在烃热解之后，大量碳和一些氢气可能仍然存在于地层中。保留在地层中的明显比例的碳可以合成气的形式从地层中生产。在图1中描述的阶段3加热期间，可以出现合成气生成。阶段3可以包括将含烃地层加热至足以使得合成气生成的温度。例如可以在约400-约1200℃、约500-约1100℃或者约550-约1000℃的温度范围内生产合成气。当将产生合成气的流体引入地层时，地层的加热部分的温度决定了在地层中生产的合成气的组成。可以通过生产井从地层中移出所产生的合成气。Substantial amounts of carbon and some hydrogen may still be present in the formation after hydrocarbon pyrolysis. A significant proportion of the carbon remaining in the formation can be produced from the formation in the form of syngas. Syngas formation may occur during thestage 3 heating depicted in FIG. 1 .Stage 3 may include heating the hydrocarbon-bearing formation to a temperature sufficient to allow synthesis gas to be produced. For example, syngas may be produced at temperatures ranging from about 400 to about 1200°C, from about 500 to about 1100°C, or from about 550 to about 1000°C. When the syngas-producing fluid is introduced into the formation, the temperature of the heated portion of the formation determines the composition of the syngas produced in the formation. The produced syngas may be removed from the formation through production wells.

在热解和合成气生成期间，从含烃地层中生产的流体的总能量含量可以保持相对恒定。在相对低的地层温度下热解期间，明显比例的所生产的流体可以是具有高能量含量的可冷凝烃。然而在更高的热解温度下，较少的地层流体可以包括可冷凝的烃。更多的不可冷凝地层流体可以从地层中生产。在主要为不可冷凝地层流体的生成期间，每单位体积的所生产的流体的能量含量可能稍微降低。在合成气产生期间，与热解流体的能量含量相比，每单位体积的所生产的合成气的能量含量明显降低。然而，生产的合成气的体积在许多情况下将明显增加，由此弥补降低的能量含量。During pyrolysis and syngas generation, the total energy content of fluids produced from a hydrocarbon-bearing formation can remain relatively constant. During pyrolysis at relatively low formation temperatures, a significant proportion of the fluids produced can be condensable hydrocarbons with high energy content. At higher pyrolysis temperatures, however, less formation fluid may include condensable hydrocarbons. More noncondensable formation fluids can be produced from the formation. During the generation of predominantly noncondensable formation fluids, the energy content per unit volume of the produced fluids may decrease slightly. During synthesis gas production, the energy content of the produced synthesis gas per unit volume is significantly reduced compared to the energy content of the pyrolysis fluid. However, the volume of synthesis gas produced will in many cases increase significantly, thereby compensating for the reduced energy content.

图2描述了处理含烃地层的一部分原位热处理系统的实施方案的示意图。原位热处理系统可包括屏蔽井200。使用屏蔽井在处理区域周围形成屏蔽层。屏蔽层抑制流体流出和/或流入处理区域。屏蔽井包括但不限于脱水井、真空井、捕集井、注射井、泥浆井、冷冻井或它们的组合。在一些实施方案中，屏蔽井200是脱水井。脱水井可除去液体水和/或抑制液体水进入待加热的一部分地层内或者正在加热的地层内。在图2描述的实施方案中，给出了仅仅沿着热源202的一侧延伸的屏蔽井200，但屏蔽井典型地包围所使用的或者待使用的加热地层的处理区域的全部热源202。2 depicts a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a portion of an in-situ thermal treatment system for treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation. The in-situ heat treatment system may include a shielded well 200 . Use shield wells to create a shield around the treatment area. The shield inhibits fluid flow from and/or into the treatment area. Shielded wells include, but are not limited to, dehydration wells, vacuum wells, trap wells, injection wells, mud wells, freeze wells, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, shield well 200 is a dewatering well. Dewatering wells may remove liquid water and/or inhibit liquid water from entering a portion of the formation to be heated or into the formation being heated. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, the shielded well 200 is shown extending along only one side of the heat source 202, but the shielded well typically surrounds the entire heat source 202 that is or is to be used to heat the treatment zone of the formation.

热源202置于至少一部分地层内。热源202可包括加热器，例如绝缘导体、导管内的导体加热器、表面燃烧器、无火焰的分布/或自然分布的燃烧器。热源202也可包括其它类型的加热器。热源202提供热量到至少一部分地层以加热地层内的烃。可通过供应线204供应能量到热源202。供应线204在结构上可以不同，这取决于加热地层所使用的一种热源或多种热源的类型。用于热源的供应线204可输送用于电加热器的电，可运输用于燃烧器的燃料，或者可运输在地层内循环的换热流体。Heat source 202 is positioned within at least a portion of the formation. Heat source 202 may include a heater, such as an insulated conductor, a conductor heater within a conduit, a surface burner, a flameless distributed and/or a naturally distributed burner. Heat source 202 may also include other types of heaters. Heat source 202 provides heat to at least a portion of the formation to heat hydrocarbons within the formation. Energy may be supplied to heat source 202 via supply line 204 . Supply line 204 may vary in configuration depending on the type of heat source or sources used to heat the formation. Supply lines 204 for heat sources may carry electricity for electric heaters, may carry fuel for burners, or may carry heat exchange fluids that circulate within the formation.

使用生产井206从地层中除去地层流体。在一些实施方案中，生产井206包括热源。在生产井内的热源可加热在生产井处或其附近的地层的一个或多个部分。在一些原位热处理法实施方案中，以每米生产井计，从生产井供应到地层内的热量小于以每米热源计从加热地层的热源供应到地层的热量。Formation fluids are removed from the formation using production wells 206 . In some embodiments, production well 206 includes a heat source. A heat source within the production well may heat one or more portions of the formation at or near the production well. In some in situ heat treatment embodiments, the amount of heat supplied into the formation from the production well is less than the amount of heat supplied into the formation per meter of heat source from a heat source that heats the formation, on a per meter of production well basis.

由生产井206生产的地层流体可通过收集管道208输送到处理设施210中。也可由热源202生产地层流体。例如可由热源202生产流体，以控制与热源相邻的地层内的压力。由热源202生产的流体可通过管道或管线输送到收集管线208中，或者所生产的流体可通过管道或管线直接输送到处理设施210中。处理设施210可包括加工所生产的地层流体用的分离单元、反应单元、提质单元、燃料电池、涡轮机、储存容器和/或其它系统和单元。处理设施可由地层生产的至少一部分烃形成运输燃料。在一些实施方案中，运输燃料可以是喷气燃料例如JP-8。Formation fluids produced by production wells 206 may be transported through collection conduit 208 to processing facility 210 . Formation fluids may also be produced from heat source 202 . For example, fluid may be produced from heat source 202 to control pressure within the formation adjacent to the heat source. The fluid produced by the heat source 202 may be transported via a pipe or line into the collection line 208 , or the produced fluid may be transported directly into the treatment facility 210 via a pipe or line. Processing facility 210 may include separation units, reaction units, upgrading units, fuel cells, turbines, storage vessels, and/or other systems and units for processing the produced formation fluids. The processing facility may form a transportation fuel from at least a portion of the hydrocarbons produced by the formation. In some embodiments, the transportation fuel may be jet fuel such as JP-8.

附图3描述了用于从含烃地层(例如焦油砂地层)中生产烃的实施方案的示意图。烃层212包括一个或多个含有重质烃的部分。利用一种以上方法可以从烃层212中生产烃。在某一些实施方案中，利用蒸汽注入法(例如循环蒸汽注入或蒸汽辅助的重力排放)从烃层212的第一部分生产烃，和利用原位热处理法从烃层的第二部分生产烃。在蒸汽注入法中，蒸汽通过注射井216注入到烃层212的第一部分。通过生产井206A从第一部分生产第一烃。第一烃包括由蒸汽注入而流动的烃。在某一些实施方案中，第一烃具有至多15°、至多10°、至多8°、或至多6°的API比重度。Figure 3 depicts a schematic diagram of an embodiment for producing hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon containing formation, such as a tar sands formation.Hydrocarbon layer 212 includes one or more portions containing heavy hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons may be produced fromhydrocarbon layer 212 using more than one method. In certain embodiments, hydrocarbons are produced from a first portion of thehydrocarbon layer 212 using steam injection (eg, cyclic steam injection or steam-assisted gravity drainage) and hydrocarbons are produced from a second portion of the hydrocarbon layer using in-situ thermal processing. In the steam injection method, steam is injected into the first portion of thehydrocarbon layer 212 through the injection well 216 . A first hydrocarbon is produced from the first portion byproduction well 206A. The first hydrocarbons include hydrocarbons mobilized by steam injection. In certain embodiments, the first hydrocarbon has an API gravity of at most 15°, at most 10°, at most 8°, or at most 6°.

加热器214用于加热烃层212的第二部分到达流动、减粘和/或热解温度。通过生产井206B从第二部分生产第二烃。在一些实施方案中，第二烃包括至少一些热解的烃。在某一些实施方案中，第二烃具有至少15°、至少20°、或至少25°的API比重度。Heater 214 is used to heat the second portion ofhydrocarbon layer 212 to a flow, visbreaking and/or pyrolysis temperature. A second hydrocarbon is produced from the second portion byproduction well 206B. In some embodiments, the second hydrocarbon includes at least some pyrolyzed hydrocarbons. In certain embodiments, the second hydrocarbon has an API gravity of at least 15°, at least 20°, or at least 25°.

在一些实施方案中，烃层212的第一部分在蒸汽注入法之后利用加热器进行处理。加热器可用于提高第一部分的温度和/或利用原位热处理法处理第一部分。第二烃(包括至少一些热解的烃)可以通过生产井206A从第一部分生产。In some embodiments, the first portion of thehydrocarbon layer 212 is treated with a heater after the steam injection process. A heater may be used to increase the temperature of the first portion and/or treat the first portion with an in-situ heat treatment. Second hydrocarbons (including at least some pyrolyzed hydrocarbons) may be produced from the first portion byproduction well 206A.

在一些实施方案中，烃层212的第二部分在利用加热器214处理第二部分之前利用蒸汽注入法进行处理。蒸汽注入法可用于通过生产井206B从第二部分生产一些流体(例如第一烃或通过蒸汽注入而流动的烃)和/或在利用加热器214之前预热第二部分。在一些实施方案中，蒸汽注入法可以在使用加热器214之后用于处理第一部分和/或第二部分。In some embodiments, the second portion of thehydrocarbon layer 212 is treated using steam injection prior to treating the second portion with theheater 214 . Steam injection may be used to produce some fluids (eg, first hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons flowing by steam injection) from the second portion through theproduction well 206B and/or to preheat the second portion before utilizing theheater 214 . In some embodiments, steam injection may be used to treat the first portion and/or the second portion after use of theheater 214 .

通过两种方法生产烃增加了从烃层212的烃的总采收率，可能比单独使用任一方法都更加经济。在一些实施方案中，在蒸汽注入法完成后利用原位热处理法处理第一部分。例如在蒸汽注入法不再从第一部分产出可行量的烃后，原位热处理法可以用于第一部分。Producing hydrocarbons by both methods increases the overall recovery of hydrocarbons fromhydrocarbon layer 212 and may be more economical than either method alone. In some embodiments, the first portion is treated with an in-situ heat treatment after steam injection is complete. For example, in situ heat treatment may be used in the first section after steam injection no longer produces viable quantities of hydrocarbons from the first section.

从设备218提供蒸汽到注射井216。设备218是蒸汽和电的联产设备。设备218可以在发生器内燃烧烃以发电。设备218可以燃烧气态和/或液态烃以发电。产生的电被用于为加热器214提供电能。来自发生器的废热被用于产生蒸汽。在一些实施方案中，如果加热器使用气体向地层提供热量，从地层产生的一些烃用于向加热器214提供气体。设备218产生的电和蒸汽的量可以被控制以改变从烃层212的第一部分和/或第二部分产生的烃的产出速率和/或质量。从第一部分和/或第二部分产生的烃的产出速率和/或质量可以被改变以在通过混合第一烃和第二烃而产生的混合物中产出选定的API比重度。第一烃和第二烃可以在产出后被混合以产出选定的API比重度。从第一部分和/或第二部分产出可以响应于市场针对第一烃、第二烃、和/或第一和第二烃的混合物的变化而改变。Steam is provided fromfacility 218 to injection well 216 .Plant 218 is a cogeneration plant for steam and electricity. Thefacility 218 may combust hydrocarbons within the generator to generate electricity.Plant 218 may combust gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbons to generate electricity. The electricity generated is used topower heater 214 . Waste heat from the generator is used to generate steam. In some embodiments, if the heater uses gas to provide heat to the formation, some of the hydrocarbons produced from the formation are used to provide gas to theheater 214 . The amount of electricity and steam generated byfacility 218 may be controlled to vary the production rate and/or quality of hydrocarbons produced from the first portion and/or the second portion ofhydrocarbon layer 212 . The production rate and/or quality of hydrocarbons produced from the first section and/or the second section may be varied to produce a selected API gravity in the mixture produced by mixing the first hydrocarbon and the second hydrocarbon. The first hydrocarbon and the second hydrocarbon may be mixed after production to produce a selected API gravity. Production from the first portion and/or the second portion may vary in response to changes in the market for the first hydrocarbon, the second hydrocarbon, and/or the mixture of the first and second hydrocarbons.

从生产井206A产出的第一烃和/或从生产井206B产出的第二烃可以用作设备218的燃料。在一些实施方案中，第一烃和/或第二烃在用作设备218的燃料之前被处理(例如除去不需要的产品)。用作设备218的燃料的第一烃和第二烃的量可以由下面的因素确定，例如整个工艺的经济性、第一或者第二烃的市场、用于第一或者第二烃的处理设备的可获得性、和/或用于第一或者第二烃的输送设备的可获得性。在一些实施方案中，从烃层212产出的大多数或全部烃被用作设备218的燃料。在设备218中燃烧所有烃气体取消了对从烃层212产出气体的处理和/或输送的需要。The first hydrocarbon produced fromproduction well 206A and/or the second hydrocarbon produced fromproduction well 206B may be used as fuel fordevice 218 . In some embodiments, the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon are treated (eg, to remove unwanted products) prior to being used as fuel fordevice 218 . The amount of the first hydrocarbon and the second hydrocarbon used as fuel for thedevice 218 can be determined by factors such as the economics of the overall process, the market for the first or second hydrocarbon, the processing equipment for the first or second hydrocarbon The availability of, and/or the availability of delivery equipment for the first or second hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, most or all of the hydrocarbons produced fromhydrocarbon layer 212 are used as fuel forfacility 218 . Combusting all of the hydrocarbon gas infacility 218 eliminates the need for processing and/or transportation of the gas produced fromhydrocarbon layer 212 .

产出的第一烃和第二烃可以在设备220内处理和/或混合。在一些实施方案中，第一烃和第二烃被混合以得到可以通过管道输送的混合物。在一些实施方案中，第一烃和第二烃被混合以得到可以作为炼厂原料使用的混合物。产出的第一烃和第二烃的量可以基于处理和/或混合烃的需要的变化而改变。在一些实施方案中，处理过的烃用在设备218中。The produced first and second hydrocarbons may be processed and/or blended withinfacility 220 . In some embodiments, the first hydrocarbon and the second hydrocarbon are mixed to obtain a pipeline-transportable mixture. In some embodiments, the first hydrocarbon and the second hydrocarbon are mixed to obtain a mixture that can be used as a refinery feedstock. The amount of first and second hydrocarbons produced may vary based on changes in processing and/or mixed hydrocarbon needs. In some embodiments, the treated hydrocarbons are used infacility 218 .

基于本说明书，本发明各个方面的另一些改进和替代实施方案对本领域技术人员来说可能是明显的。因此，本说明书将被看作仅仅是说明性的，其目的在于教导本领域技术人员实施本发明的一般方式。应理解本文中给出和描述的本发明形式将被看作是目前优选的实施方案。一些要素和材料可以代替本文中描述和说明的那些、一些部件和工艺可以颠倒和本发明的某些特征可以单独使用，所有这些在受益于本发明的描述之后，对本领域技术人员来说均是明显的。在本文中描述的要素中可以进行改变，只要不偏离描述于后面的权利要求中的本发明的精神和范围。另外，应理解在一些实施方案中可以将本文中描述的特征独立地组合。Further modifications and alternative embodiments of the various aspects of the invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art based on this description. Accordingly, the specification is to be considered as illustrative only, and its purpose is to teach those skilled in the art the general way of carrying out the invention. It should be understood that the forms of the invention shown and described herein are to be considered as presently preferred embodiments. Some elements and materials may be substituted for those described and illustrated herein, some parts and processes may be reversed, and some features of the invention may be used in isolation, all of which will become apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the description of the invention. obviously. Changes may be made in the elements described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims. In addition, it is to be understood that features described herein may be combined independently in some embodiments.

Claims (17)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种用于处理含烃地层的系统，包括：1. A system for treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation comprising:蒸汽和电联产设备；steam and electricity cogeneration equipment;位于地层第一部分的至少一个注射井，该注射井构造为从蒸汽和电联产设备提供蒸汽到地层的第一部分；at least one injection well located in the first portion of the formation, the injection well configured to provide steam from the steam and electricity cogeneration facility to the first portion of the formation;位于地层第一部分的至少一个生产井，该生产井构造为产生第一烃；at least one production well located in the first portion of the formation, the production well configured to produce a first hydrocarbon;位于地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分的至少一个电加热器，该电加热器中的至少一个构造为由来自蒸汽和电联产设备的电供给动力，和该至少一个电加热器与蒸汽和电联产设备分开；at least one electric heater located in the first portion of the formation and/or the second portion of the formation, at least one of the electric heaters configured to be powered by electricity from a steam and electricity cogeneration facility, and the at least one electric heater in conjunction with the steam separate from cogeneration equipment;位于地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分的至少一个生产井，该生产井构造为产生第二烃；和at least one production well located in the first portion of the formation and/or in the second portion of the formation, the production well configured to produce a second hydrocarbon; and处理设备，其用于在蒸汽和电联产设备中使用之前处理第一烃和/或第二烃；processing plant for treating the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon prior to use in a steam and power cogeneration plant;特征在于：Characterized by:其中所述处理设备构造为使第一烃和第二烃混合，和其中所述蒸汽和电联产设备构造为使用混合后的第一烃和第二烃发电。wherein the processing facility is configured to mix the first and second hydrocarbons, and wherein the cogeneration of steam and electricity is configured to generate electricity using the mixed first and second hydrocarbons.2.权利要求1的系统，其中所述蒸汽和电联产设备构造为使用第一烃和/或第二烃产生蒸汽。2. The system of claim 1, wherein the steam and electricity cogeneration plant is configured to generate steam using the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon.3.权利要求1或2的系统，其中第一烃具有至多15°的API比重度。3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first hydrocarbon has an API gravity of at most 15°.4.权利要求1或2的系统，其中第二烃具有至少15°的API比重度。4. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the second hydrocarbon has an API gravity of at least 15°.5.权利要求1或2的系统，其中所述系统构造为改变产生的电量和产生的蒸汽量以改变第一烃和/或第二烃的生产。5. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the system is configured to vary the amount of electricity generated and the amount of steam generated to vary the production of the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon.6.权利要求1或2的系统，其中所述系统还包括位于地层第二部分的至少一个注射井，该注射井中的至少一个构造为从蒸汽和电联产设备提供蒸汽到地层的第二部分。6. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the system further comprises at least one injection well located in the second portion of the formation, at least one of the injection wells being configured to provide steam from a combined steam and electricity facility to the second portion of the formation .7.权利要求1或2的系统，其中所述蒸汽和电联产设备构造为燃烧气态和液态两种烃。7. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the steam and electricity cogeneration plant is configured to combust both gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons.8.一种利用权利要求1-7任一项的系统处理含烃地层的方法，包括：8. A method of treating a hydrocarbon-bearing formation utilizing the system of any one of claims 1-7, comprising:从蒸汽和电联产设备向地层第一部分提供蒸汽；Supply of steam to the first part of the formation from the steam and electricity cogeneration plant;从地层第一部分生产第一烃；producing a first hydrocarbon from the first portion of the formation;从一个或多个电加热器向地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分提供热量，所述电加热器由蒸汽和电联产设备供给电力，和所述电加热器与蒸汽和电联产设备分开；Heat is supplied to the first portion of the formation and/or the second portion of the formation from one or more electric heaters powered by the steam and electricity cogeneration facility, and the electric heater and the steam and electricity cogeneration facility separate;允许提供的热量从电加热器传递到地层第一部分和/或地层第二部分；Allowing the supplied heat to transfer from the electric heater to the first formation part and/or the second formation part;从地层第二部分生产第二烃；和producing a second hydrocarbon from the second portion of the formation; and在蒸汽和电联产设备中使用第一烃和/或第二烃之前在处理设备中处理第一烃和/或第二烃；treating the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon in a processing facility prior to using the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon in a steam and power cogeneration facility;特征在于：Characterized by:其中在所述处理设备中混合第一烃和第二烃，和其中在蒸汽和电联产设备中使用混合后的第一烃和第二烃发电。wherein the first and second hydrocarbons are mixed in the processing facility, and wherein the combined first and second hydrocarbons are used in the steam and electricity cogeneration facility to generate electricity.9.权利要求8的方法，还包括使用第一烃和/或第二烃产生蒸汽。9. The method of claim 8, further comprising generating steam using the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon.10.权利要求8或9的方法，其中第一烃具有至多15°的API比重度。10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the first hydrocarbon has an API gravity of at most 15°.11.权利要求8或9的方法，其中第二烃具有至少15°的AP I比重度。11. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the second hydrocarbon has an API gravity of at least 15°.12.权利要求8或9的方法，还包括混合至少部分第一烃和至少部分第二烃以制备用于蒸汽和电联产设备的燃料。12. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising mixing at least a portion of the first hydrocarbon and at least a portion of the second hydrocarbon to produce fuel for a steam and electricity cogeneration facility.13.权利要求8或9的方法，还包括使用至少部分第二烃作为用于地层中一个或多个电加热器的气体。13. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising using at least a portion of the second hydrocarbon as a gas for one or more electric heaters in the formation.14.权利要求8或9的方法，还包括使用全部第一烃和/或第二烃作为发电和/或产生蒸汽的燃料。14. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising using all of the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon as a fuel for generating electricity and/or generating steam.15.权利要求8或9的方法，还包括改变产生的电量和产生的蒸汽量以改变第一烃和/或第二烃的生产。15. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising varying the amount of electricity generated and the amount of steam generated to vary the production of the first hydrocarbon and/or the second hydrocarbon.16.权利要求8或9的方法，还包括在从电加热器提供热量之前向地层的第二部分提供蒸汽。16. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising providing steam to the second portion of the formation prior to providing heat from the electric heater.17.权利要求8或9的方法，还包括从蒸汽和电联产设备向地层第二部分提供蒸汽。17. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising providing steam from a combined steam and electricity facility to the second portion of the formation.

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