CN101296481A

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: CN101296481A
Application number: CNA200710097208XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王莹; 周云; 袁俊; 鄢人杰; 姚忠辉; 何诚; 张平
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd; Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd; Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Priority date: 2007-04-27
Filing date: 2007-04-27
Publication date: 2008-10-29

Abstract

Disclosed is a switching method for the communication technical field, a device and a system thereof. The method comprises the following steps: trigger events are acquired and relevant information is switched; whether the switching is needed is judged according to the acquired trigger events and the switched relevant information and trigger norms; if the switching is needed, a target network is selected and a negotiation with the target network is carried out; after the negotiation is successful, the switching of the network is performed according to a policy. The embodiment of the invention solves the problem that the switching proposal of the existing heterogeneous converged network structure is inflexible and that the impact of high level application characteristics and user perception information to the mobility can not be comprehensively considered.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种网络切换方法、装置及系统A network switching method, device and system

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种网络切换方法、装置及系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular to a network switching method, device and system.

背景技术Background technique

未来的B3G通信系统将是基于IP的异构融合系统，包括：如3GPP定义的第三代蜂窝移动通信网、802.11定义的无线局域网、802.16定义的无线城域网、现存的2G网络以及未来涌现出的新型网络等。融合的网络能够为用户提供更多可能的服务，可以同时满足用户在速率，覆盖等诸多方面的需求，并将传统意义上的切换扩展到更广阔的空间上，例如：MN(移动节点)的移动、为不同的业务提供不同等级的QoS(服务质量)支持、网络间的资源平衡等，这些都有可能触发切换。而当用户从一种接入技术网络切换到另一接入技术网络时将发生垂直切换，这种情况在异构网络中普遍存在。The future B3G communication system will be an IP-based heterogeneous fusion system, including: the third-generation cellular mobile communication network defined by 3GPP, the wireless local area network defined by 802.11, the wireless metropolitan area network defined by 802.16, the existing 2G network and future emerging new network etc. The converged network can provide users with more possible services, and can meet the needs of users in many aspects such as speed and coverage at the same time, and extend the handover in the traditional sense to a wider space, for example: MN (Mobile Node) Mobile, different levels of QoS (Quality of Service) support for different services, resource balance between networks, etc., may trigger handover. Vertical handover occurs when a user switches from one access technology network to another, which is common in heterogeneous networks.

随着异构网络环境变得越来越复杂，因此将不能像传统单一网络中那样仅根据RSS(无线信号强度)为用户选择切换网络来保证业务的连续性。在异构环境下如何提供快速、无缝、智能的移动性管理机制已经成为当前信息领域一个重要的研究课题。As the heterogeneous network environment becomes more and more complex, it will not be possible to select and switch networks for users only according to RSS (radio signal strength) to ensure service continuity as in a traditional single network. How to provide a fast, seamless and intelligent mobility management mechanism in a heterogeneous environment has become an important research topic in the current information field.

以全IP为趋势的异构融合网络提供了独立、透明的信息服务平台，但是IP的固有属性也使得它不能及时感知底层连接的改变，同时对高层应用的QoS需求也不敏感。为了提供跨层解决方案以辅助切换，目前业务提出的MIH(媒体独立切换)标准通过屏蔽底层多种不同链路技术，为上层提供统一接口及链路信息，并结合其它相关的网络信息以达到优化异构媒体间切换的目标。它用于满足在不同的媒体间进行切换的要求以及实现切换的相应机制，最终支持异构网络间的切换来增强用户体验。其引入了MIHF(媒体独立切换功能)实体，并为实现媒体独立切换分别定义了：MIES(媒体独立事件服务)、MICS(媒体独立命令服务)、MIIS(媒体独立信息服务)和SAPs(服务接入点)及相关primitives(原语)。另外在MIH通信模型中为不同的MIH功能实例的交互定义了R1～R5参考点，而MIH PoS和MIH Non-PoS分别是直接和间接为移动节点提供MIH服务的网络侧实体。The heterogeneous converged network with the trend of all-IP provides an independent and transparent information service platform, but the inherent properties of IP also make it unable to sense changes in the underlying connections in a timely manner, and it is also insensitive to the QoS requirements of high-level applications. In order to provide a cross-layer solution to assist handover, the MIH (Media Independent Handover) standard currently proposed by the business provides a unified interface and link information for the upper layer by shielding multiple different link technologies at the bottom layer, and combines other relevant network information to achieve Optimizing the goal of switching between heterogeneous media. It is used to meet the requirements of switching between different media and the corresponding mechanism for implementing switching, and finally supports switching between heterogeneous networks to enhance user experience. It introduces the MIHF (Media Independent Handover Function) entity, and defines: MIES (Media Independent Event Service), MICS (Media Independent Command Service), MIIS (Media Independent Information Service) and SAPs (Service Interface entry point) and related primitives (primitives). In addition, in the MIH communication model, R1-R5 reference points are defined for the interaction of different MIH function instances, and MIH PoS and MIH Non-PoS are network-side entities that directly and indirectly provide MIH services for mobile nodes, respectively.

尽管上述MIH架构为上层提供链路层智能以辅助切换，但是它却不涉及高层应用特性和用户感知信息对于移动性的影响，如业务改变、用户感知信息改变也可能触发切换，切换过程中也需要通知应用以判断是否需要根据网络性能作相应的速率调整等。因此，虽然现有MIH协议中网络侧的MIH信息服务器存储了网络侧相关的信息，但由于主要信息为网络侧静态信息，使得网络侧信息的提供和控制方式不够丰富、灵活，也使得MN和网络很难做出全局最优的判断。故现有异构融合网络架构的切换方案仍需要改进。Although the above-mentioned MIH architecture provides the upper layer with link layer intelligence to assist handover, it does not involve the impact of high-level application characteristics and user perception information on mobility. For example, service changes and user perception information changes may also trigger handover. The application needs to be notified to determine whether to make corresponding rate adjustments based on network performance. Therefore, although the MIH information server on the network side in the existing MIH protocol stores relevant information on the network side, since the main information is static information on the network side, the provision and control methods of the network side information are not rich and flexible enough, which also makes the MN and It is difficult for the network to make a global optimal judgment. Therefore, the handover scheme of the existing heterogeneous converged network architecture still needs to be improved.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明实施例提供一种网络切换方法、装置及系统，解决了现有异构融合网络架构切换方案中不灵活，无法全面考虑高层应用特性和用户感知信息对移动性的影响。Embodiments of the present invention provide a network switching method, device, and system, which solve the inflexibility of the existing heterogeneous converged network architecture switching scheme, which cannot fully consider the influence of high-level application characteristics and user perception information on mobility.

本发明实施例是通过以下技术方案实现的：Embodiments of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

本发明实施例提供一种网络切换方法，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a network switching method, including:

获取触发事件和切换相关信息；Obtain trigger events and switch related information;

根据所述获取的触发事件及切换相关信息和触发准则判断是否需要切换；judging whether handover is required according to the acquired trigger event, handover related information, and trigger criteria;

在确定需要切换情况下，选定目标网络，和目标网络进行协商；When it is determined that handover is required, select the target network and negotiate with the target network;

协商成功后，根据策略，执行网络切换。After the negotiation is successful, perform network switching according to the policy.

本发明实施例提供一种移动终端，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile terminal, including:

上下文感知模块，用于感知和识别用户侧信息，对所述用户侧信息进行处理，根据需要产生触发事件；A context-aware module, configured to perceive and identify user-side information, process the user-side information, and generate trigger events as required;

增强媒体独立切换功能模块，用于屏蔽不同接入方式，为上层应用之间的交互提供统一的接口；Enhanced media independent switching function module, which is used to shield different access methods and provide a unified interface for the interaction between upper-layer applications;

切换控制模块，通过所述增强媒体独立切换功能模块接收触发事件及切换相关信息，进行移动终端控制的本域内切换。The handover control module receives trigger events and handover related information through the enhanced media independent handover function module, and performs handover in the local area controlled by the mobile terminal.

本发明实施例提供一种通信装置，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a communication device, including:

切换控制模块，通过所述增强媒体独立切换功能模块接收触发事件及切换相关信息，控制网络切换。The handover control module receives trigger events and handover related information through the enhanced media independent handover function module, and controls network handover.

本发明实施例提供一种网络通信系统，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a network communication system, including:

上下文感知服务器，用于感知网络上下文信息，对网络上下文信息进行处理，根据需要，产生并发送触发事件；The context-aware server is used to perceive network context information, process the network context information, and generate and send trigger events as needed;

接入网设备，用于接收触发事件及切换相关信息执行网络控制的本域内切换。The access network device is configured to receive trigger events and handover related information to perform network-controlled intra-domain handover.

移动终端，用于接收触发事件及切换相关信息，执行移动终端控制的本域内切换。The mobile terminal is configured to receive trigger events and handover-related information, and perform handover within the domain controlled by the mobile terminal.

移动终端，用于感知和识别用户侧信息，对所述用户侧信息进行处理，根据需要产生并发送触发事件；The mobile terminal is configured to perceive and identify user-side information, process the user-side information, and generate and send trigger events as required;

由上述本发明实施例提供的技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例在采用EMIHF功能实体，屏蔽不同接入方式，向上层提供链路层的智能，为上层应用之间的交互提供统一的接口的同时，通过设置上下文感知模块、上下文感知服务器的方法，能够及时感知包括用户/MN、网络动态、网络静态等信息，使移动终端在异构网络环境中移动时，可以根据所述综合信息可以作出切换触发及判决，解决了现有异构融合网络架构切换方案中不灵活，无法全面考虑高层应用特性和用户感知信息对移动性的影响。It can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention that the embodiments of the present invention adopt EMIHF functional entities, shield different access methods, provide intelligence of the link layer to the upper layer, and provide a unified interface for the interaction between upper-layer applications At the same time, by setting the context-aware module and the context-aware server, it can timely perceive information including user/MN, network dynamics, and network statics, so that when the mobile terminal moves in a heterogeneous network environment, it can make decisions based on the comprehensive information. Handover triggering and judgment solves the inflexibility of the handover scheme in the existing heterogeneous converged network architecture, which cannot fully consider the impact of high-level application characteristics and user perception information on mobility.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例一媒体独立切换架构图；FIG. 1 is a framework diagram of a media independent handover according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例触发判决模块结构图；FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a triggering judgment module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3为本发明实施例HCM模块逻辑管理图；Fig. 3 is the logical management diagram of the HCM module of the embodiment of the present invention;

图4为本发明实施例EMIH架构下移动性管理模型；FIG. 4 is a mobility management model under the EMIH architecture of an embodiment of the present invention;

图5为本发明实施例切换触发准则；FIG. 5 is a handover triggering criterion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图6为本发明实施例总体方案流程图；Figure 6 is a flow chart of the overall solution of the embodiment of the present invention;

图7为本发明实施例二流程图一；Fig. 7 is aflow chart 1 ofEmbodiment 2 of the present invention;

图8为本发明实施例二流程图二；Fig. 8 is the second flow chart of the second embodiment of the present invention;

图9为本发明实施例三流程图一；Fig. 9 is aflow chart 1 ofEmbodiment 3 of the present invention;

图10为本发明实施例三流程图二。Fig. 10 is the second flow chart of the third embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明实施例所提出的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solutions proposed by the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本发明实施例一提供一种增强媒体独立切换架构，如图1所示，所述架构包括如下功能实体：Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an enhanced media independent handover architecture. As shown in FIG. 1, the architecture includes the following functional entities:

1)MN(移动终端)：本实施例所述移动终端包含有：上下文感知模块(CAM)，用于感知和识别用户侧信息，对所述用户侧信息进行处理，根据需要产生触发事件；增强媒体独立切换功能模块(EMIHF)，用于屏蔽不同接入方式，为上层应用之间的交互提供统一的接口；1) MN (mobile terminal): The mobile terminal described in this embodiment includes: a context awareness module (CAM), which is used to perceive and identify user-side information, process the user-side information, and generate trigger events as required; Media independent switching function module (EMIHF), used to shield different access methods and provide a unified interface for the interaction between upper-layer applications;

切换控制模块(HCM)，通过所述增强媒体独立切换功能模块接收触发事件及切换相关信息，进行移动终端控制的本域内切换。The handover control module (HCM) receives trigger events and handover related information through the enhanced media independent handover function module, and performs handover in the local area controlled by the mobile terminal.

各模块具体功能如下：The specific functions of each module are as follows:

CAM模块：CAM module:

具有上下文感知功能，用于感知和识别用户侧信息，经处理后，根据需要产生触发事件；包括来自应用(即应用层信息，本发明实施例简称为应用，是所有用户所面向的应用程序的统称)或用户等不同源的不同信息。例如，可以通过与应用、用户的接口，获取应用、用户上下文信息及MN能力等信息；在获取各种信息，并经处理后，根据需要，通过EMIHF向HCM发送触发事件及相关信息，以辅助切换判决和执行；It has a context-aware function, which is used to perceive and identify user-side information. After processing, trigger events are generated according to needs; including information from applications (that is, application layer information, which is referred to as applications in this embodiment of the present invention, and is the information of all user-oriented application programs). collectively) or different information from different sources such as users. For example, information such as application and user context information and MN capabilities can be obtained through interfaces with applications and users; after obtaining and processing various information, send trigger events and related information to HCM through EMIHF as needed to assist Toggle judgment and execution;

所述触发事件的提供可以采用订阅的方式，包括以下两类情况：The trigger event can be provided in a subscription manner, including the following two types of situations:

在网络控制的切换中，网络侧的切换控制模块(HCM)可以通过EMIHF向MN的CAM订阅切换触发事件，CAM将在条件满足时，同样通过EMIHF向HCM上报携带有相关订阅信息的切换触发事件，以辅助网络侧进行切换判决；同时，还可以通过EMIHF向网络侧的CAS订阅相关切换事件，CAS在满足条件时，通过EMIHF向网络侧的HCM(接入网或核心网CEMIH中的HCM)发送订阅的触发事件及相关信息，以辅助网络侧进行切换判决或，In network-controlled handover, the handover control module (HCM) on the network side can subscribe handover trigger events to the CAM of the MN through the EMIHF, and the CAM will also report the handover trigger events carrying relevant subscription information to the HCM through the EMIHF when the conditions are met , to assist the network side in making handover decisions; at the same time, you can also subscribe to the CAS on the network side for relevant handover events through the EMIHF. Send subscription trigger events and related information to assist the network side in making handover decisions or,

在MN控制的切换中，MN侧的HCM可以通过EMIHF向网络侧的CAS(上下文感知服务器)订阅切换触发事件，CAS将在条件满足时，通过EMIHF向HCM上报携带有相关订阅网络信息的切换触发事件，以辅助MN侧进行切换判决；同时，还可以通过EMIHF向终端侧的CAM订阅相关切换事件，CAM在满足条件时，通过EMIHF向终端侧HCM发送订阅的触发事件及相关信息，以辅助终端侧进行切换判决；In the handover controlled by the MN, the HCM on the MN side can subscribe the handover trigger event to the CAS (Context Aware Server) on the network side through the EMIHF, and the CAS will report the handover trigger carrying the relevant subscribed network information to the HCM through the EMIHF when the conditions are met. event, to assist the MN side in making handover decisions; at the same time, it can also subscribe to the CAM on the terminal side for related handover events through the EMIHF. The switching decision is made on the side;

EMIHF模块：用于屏蔽不同接入方式，向上层提供链路层的智能，同时还将为上层应用之间的交互提供统一的接口；支持的服务包括：MIIS、MIES、MICS。EMIHF module: It is used to shield different access methods, provide the intelligence of the link layer to the upper layer, and also provide a unified interface for the interaction between upper layer applications; the supported services include: MIIS, MIES, MICS.

HCM模块：HCM module:

通过所述EMIHF接收来自不同源的不同的触发事件及切换相关信息，根据所述获得的触发事件及切换相关信息执行切换的触发与控制，其可包括触发判决模块和切换模块。其中触发判决模块功能包括：The EMIHF receives different trigger events and handover related information from different sources, and performs handover triggering and control according to the obtained trigger events and handover related information, which may include a trigger judgment module and a handover module. The functions of the trigger judgment module include:

通过EMIHF向CAM、CAS、链路等实体进行触发事件的订阅；Subscribe trigger events to CAM, CAS, link and other entities through EMIHF;

收集和识别来自不同实体的不同触发事件及切换相关信息；Collect and identify different trigger events and handover related information from different entities;

根据触发准则过滤和分类触发事件并做出是否触发切换的判决；Filter and classify trigger events according to trigger criteria and make a judgment on whether to trigger handover;

若根据触发准则判断发起切换，将触发因素传递给切换模块。If it is judged to initiate switching according to the trigger criterion, the trigger factor is passed to the switching module.

其中，上述对信息的获取，可以采用如下两种方式：Among them, the above information can be obtained in the following two ways:

从切换触发事件中获取携带的相关信息；或者，Obtain relevant information carried from the handover trigger event; or,

采用请求/应答的方式，从CAM、CAS、MIIS(媒体独立的信息服务器)中分别获取MN侧应用和用户相关信息、网络侧动态信息以及网络侧静态信息等。Using the request/response method, the MN-side application and user-related information, network-side dynamic information, and network-side static information are respectively obtained from CAM, CAS, and MIIS (Media Independent Information Server).

参照图2，为触发判决模块结构图，所述触发判决模块中包括：决策实体和触发准则存储实体。所述决策实体根据触发准则存储实体中的触发准则做出是否触发切换的判决，本发明实施例设置了Application_QoS_Change(应用QoS变化)、User_Aware_Change(用户感知变化)、Networ_Context_Change(网络上下文变化)等切换触发事件，具体的触发准则将在后文描述。Referring to FIG. 2 , it is a structural diagram of a trigger judgment module, which includes: a decision-making entity and a trigger criterion storage entity. The decision-making entity makes a judgment on whether to trigger switching according to the trigger criteria in the trigger criteria storage entity, and the embodiment of the present invention sets switching triggers such as Application_QoS_Change (application QoS change), User_Aware_Change (user perception change), and Networ_Context_Change (network context change) Events, specific trigger criteria will be described later.

切换执行模块功能包括：Toggle executive module functions include:

根据具体的切换算法做出最终的切换判决，包括是否切换，切换到何种网络中去；及，执行切换，控制切换期间及完成后通信的连续性。Make the final handover decision according to the specific handover algorithm, including whether to handover, which network to switch to; and, execute the handover, and control the continuity of communication during and after the handover.

HCM模块中的各个模块是相互关联的，其逻辑功能关联图如图3所示。EMIHF将各类触发源的触发事件传递给触发判决模块。当触发判决模块决定发起切换时，通知切换模块，同时携带引发触发的参数信息，用于初步判定候选网络集。在切换模块中根据具体的切换算法最终判定是否切换，切换到何种网络中去。触发判决模块和切换模块两者相辅相成，共同为用户选择连接到最合适的网络中。Each module in the HCM module is interrelated, and its logical function correlation diagram is shown in Figure 3. The EMIHF transmits the trigger events of various trigger sources to the trigger judgment module. When the trigger judgment module decides to initiate a handover, it notifies the handover module, and carries the parameter information that triggers the trigger at the same time, which is used to preliminarily judge the candidate network set. In the switching module, according to the specific switching algorithm, it is finally determined whether to switch and which network to switch to. The triggering judgment module and the switching module complement each other and jointly select the most suitable network for the user to connect to.

根据实际应用的需要，MN中的HCM模块主要应用于MN控制的切换方式中。在本发明实施例的接入网(AN)以及核心网(CN)中，同样可以部署HCM，以便分别在AN、CN采用网络控制的切换方式进行切换控制；According to the needs of practical applications, the HCM module in the MN is mainly used in the switching mode controlled by the MN. In the access network (AN) and the core network (CN) of the embodiment of the present invention, the HCM can also be deployed, so that switching control is performed by using a network-controlled switching mode in the AN and CN respectively;

2)接入网AN：带有EMIH功能的接入网，还可以设置有HCM模块，以使在需要时，切换控制信令在接入网侧终结，无需核心网相关功能实体的参与，可以加快切换流程。所述接入网设备中设置的EMIHF模块，用于屏蔽不同接入方式，并为上层应用之间的交互提供统一的接口；所述设置的HCM模块，通过所述增强媒体独立切换功能模块接收触发事件及切换相关信息，触发并执行网络控制的本域内切换。2) Access network AN: The access network with EMIH function can also be equipped with an HCM module, so that when necessary, the handover control signaling is terminated on the access network side, without the participation of relevant functional entities of the core network, and can Speed up the switching process. The EMIHF module set in the access network device is used to shield different access modes, and provides a unified interface for the interaction between upper-layer applications; the set HCM module is received by the enhanced media independent switching function module Trigger events and handover related information, trigger and execute network-controlled intra-domain handover.

3)媒体独立的信息服务器(MIIS)：网络中的功能实体，用于收集网络相关静态信息，并能接收信息提供请求，通过EMIHF向相关实体进行媒体独立的信息服务；3) Media independent information server (MIIS): a functional entity in the network, which is used to collect network-related static information, and can receive information provision requests, and provide media independent information services to relevant entities through EMIHF;

4)上下文感知服务器(CAS)：4) Context Aware Server (CAS):

其进一步包括CAM和EMIHF，用于感知网络上下文信息，并在经过处理后，根据需要产生触发事件，通过EMIHF向相关订阅实体进行传输，辅助切换判决和执行；It further includes CAM and EMIHF, which are used to perceive network context information, and after processing, generate trigger events as needed, transmit them to relevant subscribing entities through EMIHF, and assist handover judgment and execution;

5)控制媒体独立切换模块(CEMIH)：5) Control Media Independent Switching Module (CEMIH):

为一种集中控制实体，其进一步包括HCM和EMIHF，用于通过与其它功能实体的交互，为用户在网络侧做出优化的切换判决；所述EMIHF用于屏蔽不同接入方式，并为上层应用之间的交互提供统一的接口；所述HCM通过所述增强媒体独立切换功能模块接收触发事件及相关信息，控制跨域切换的触发与执行。异构网络下的切换需要将网络按运营商的管理域进行划分，在跨域切换时，可能需要网络侧集中式的管理，所述CEMIH即为集中式控制实体，其功能包括：It is a centralized control entity, which further includes HCM and EMIHF, which are used to make an optimized handover decision for users on the network side through interaction with other functional entities; the EMIHF is used to shield different access methods and provide The interaction between applications provides a unified interface; the HCM receives trigger events and related information through the enhanced media independent handover function module, and controls the triggering and execution of cross-domain handover. The handover under the heterogeneous network needs to divide the network according to the management domain of the operator. In the case of cross-domain handover, centralized management on the network side may be required. The CEMIH is a centralized control entity, and its functions include:

可以通过订阅的方式，获取切换触发事件；又可通过前面介绍的两种信息获取方式，获取多种不同信息；在对上述事件、信息进行判断后，在需要时触发切换；及，You can obtain switching trigger events through subscription; you can also obtain a variety of different information through the two information acquisition methods introduced above; after judging the above events and information, trigger switching when necessary; and,

控制需要经过CN的切换信令并判决切换目标小区，作好资源协商和预留，最终指导用户完成切换。The control needs to go through the handover signaling of the CN and determine the handover target cell, do a good job of resource negotiation and reservation, and finally guide the user to complete the handover.

网络采用这种集中式的管理模式，能够保证搜集更为全面的信息，在全域范围内做出最优判决，并在与不同的移动性管理协议和位置管理结合上将具有更大的灵活性。The network adopts this centralized management mode, which can ensure the collection of more comprehensive information, make optimal decisions in the whole domain, and have greater flexibility in combining with different mobility management protocols and location management .

根据上述描述，抽象出EMIH架构下的移动性管理模型如图4所示，所有逻辑实体都通过EMIHF进行通信，由CAM和/或CAS分别感知应用、用户和网络上下文信息，通过EMIHF向HCM发送触发事件及相关信息，所述HCM获取的触发事件除了高层(High Layers)外，还可以包括链路(L2/L1)等底层信息。该逻辑模型即可代表网络侧相关实体，也可代表MN侧相关实体。According to the above description, the mobility management model under the EMIH architecture is abstracted as shown in Figure 4. All logical entities communicate through EMIHF, and CAM and/or CAS perceive application, user and network context information respectively, and send them to HCM through EMIHF Trigger events and related information, the trigger events acquired by the HCM may include bottom layer information such as links (L2/L1) in addition to high layers (High Layers). The logic model can represent related entities on the network side, and can also represent related entities on the MN side.

本发明实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：The embodiment of the present invention also provides a communication device, including:

增强媒体独立切换功能模块(EMIHF)，用于屏蔽不同接入方式，为上层应用之间的交互提供统一的接口；Enhanced Media Independent Handover Function Module (EMIHF), which is used to shield different access methods and provide a unified interface for the interaction between upper-layer applications;

切换控制模块(HCM)，通过所述增强媒体独立切换功能模块接收触发事件及切换相关信息，控制网络切换。A handover control module (HCM), which receives trigger events and handover-related information through the enhanced media independent handover function module, and controls network handover.

当所述装置设置于接入网(AN)时，则执行所述接入网设备的功能，所述切换控制模块用于控制本域内切换。当所述装置设置于核心网时，则执行所述CEMIHF的功能，所述切换控制模块用于控制跨域网络切换。When the device is set in an access network (AN), it executes the function of the access network equipment, and the handover control module is used to control handover in the local area. When the device is set in the core network, it executes the function of the CEMIHF, and the switching control module is used to control cross-domain network switching.

本发明实施例还提供一种网络通信系统，包括上述的：The embodiment of the present invention also provides a network communication system, including the above:

上下文感知服务器(CAS)，用于感知网络上下文信息，对网络上下文信息进行处理，根据需要，产生并发送触发事件；Context Aware Server (CAS), used to sense network context information, process network context information, and generate and send trigger events as needed;

所述系统还可以进一步包括：The system may further include:

控制媒体独立切换模块(CEMIH)，用于接收触发事件及相关信息，执行网络控制的跨域切换。The Control Media Independent Handover Module (CEMIH) is used to receive trigger events and related information, and perform network-controlled cross-domain handover.

所述系统还可以进一步包括：The system may further include:

下面详细介绍所述EMIH架构下的切换触发准则。The handover triggering criteria under the EMIH architecture will be described in detail below.

如图5所示，EMIH架构下的切换触发准则包括：链路信息准则、业务QoS准则、用户感知信息准则和网络上下文准则。其中前三项属于本地触发准则，最后一项为远端触发准则，每一项准则都包括触发参数、触发名称以及具体的执行准则。其对应的触发名称以及准则可以如下表1所示：As shown in Figure 5, the handover trigger criteria under the EMIH architecture include: link information criteria, service QoS criteria, user perception information criteria and network context criteria. Among them, the first three items belong to the local trigger criteria, and the last item is the remote trigger criteria, each of which includes trigger parameters, trigger names and specific execution criteria. The corresponding trigger names and criteria can be shown in Table 1 below:

表1Table 1

参数parameters 触发名称trigger name 准则Guidelines 链路信息link informationLink_Parameters_Change、Link_Going_Down、Link_DetectedLink_Parameters_Change, Link_Going_Down, Link_Detected 若当前链路质量不能满足要求或有更好选择时，触发切换Trigger switching if the current link quality cannot meet the requirements or there is a better option 业务QoSBusiness QoSApplication_QoS_ChangeApplication_QoS_Change 若当前网络不能满足QoS需求，或有更好选择时，触发切换If the current network cannot meet the QoS requirements, or there is a better option, trigger a switch 用户感知信息User perception informationUser_Aware_ChangeUser_Aware_Change 若当前网络不能满足用户需求或有更好选择时，触发切换Trigger switching if the current network cannot meet the user's needs or there is a better choice

网络上下文network context Network_Context_ChangeNetwork_Context_Change 若当网络上下文信息发生改变时，触发切换Trigger switching when the network context information changes

如表1所示，链路信息准则中的触发事件包括IEEE 802.21定义的Link_Parameters_Change、Link_Going_Down、Link_Detected等。对于链路信息准则，当反映当前链路质量的RSS、SIR(信号干扰比)、BER(错误比特率)等不能满足要求或测量到更好的链路时，产生相应的链路层触发事件并触发切换。As shown in Table 1, the trigger events in the link information criteria include Link_Parameters_Change, Link_Going_Down, Link_Detected, etc. defined by IEEE 802.21. For the link information criterion, when the RSS, SIR (signal-to-interference ratio), BER (bit error rate) reflecting the current link quality cannot meet the requirements or a better link is measured, a corresponding link layer trigger event is generated and trigger the switch.

业务QoS准则中的触发事件包括Application_QoS_Change，若当前网络不能满足QoS需求或有更好选择时，触发切换。此外，每当用户的业务类型发生改变时将产生Application_QoS_Change触发事件。下表2，对Application_QoS_Change进行了详细的定义：The triggering events in the service QoS criteria include Application_QoS_Change, if the current network cannot meet the QoS requirements or there is a better option, a switch is triggered. In addition, the Application_QoS_Change trigger event will be generated whenever the service type of the user changes. The following table 2 defines Application_QoS_Change in detail:

表2 Application_QoS_ChangeTable 2 Application_QoS_Change

描述 describeApplication_QoS_Change是一个EMIH触发。它指示用户的业务类型发生改变，则相应的QoS参数也将改变，当前网络有可能不能满足需求或有更好的选择时，可能触发切换。Application_QoS_Change is an EMIH trigger. It indicates that if the service type of the user changes, the corresponding QoS parameters will also change. When the current network may not meet the demand or there is a better choice, it may trigger a handover. 触发类型trigger type事件触发event trigger 源source{本地|高层}{local | high level} 参数parameters业务类型业务QoS参数网络标识Service Type Service QoS Parameter Network Identification

对Application_QoS_Change的描述为：Application_QoS_Change是一个EMIH触发，指示用户的业务类型发生改变，则相应的QoS参数也将改变，当前网络有可能不能满足需求或有更好选择时，可能触发切换；The description of Application_QoS_Change is: Application_QoS_Change is an EMIH trigger, indicating that the user’s service type changes, and the corresponding QoS parameters will also change. When the current network may not meet the requirements or there is a better choice, it may trigger a handover;

表2中所述的QoS参数中携带了业务需求的QoS参数信息，包括：带宽、时延、准确度等指标；所述网络标识指示触发源当前所在网络的ID。The QoS parameters described in Table 2 carry the QoS parameter information required by the business, including indicators such as bandwidth, delay, and accuracy; the network identifier indicates the ID of the network where the trigger source is currently located.

对于业务QoS准则，当用户的业务类型发生改变时，产生相应的EMIH触发事件Application_QoS_Change，用于指示业务的QoS需求发生改变。此触发事件由高层通过EMIHF传递至触发判决模块，其中携带了业务类型及相应的QoS参数信息。可以根据TS23.107(3GPP的一个规范)将业务类型按照QoS级别分为四类，例如规定：1代表会话级业务、2代表流级业务、3代表交互级业务、4代表背景级业务，不同级别的业务类型对于时延的敏感程度各不相同。其中会话类和流类业务属于实时业务，对时延和时延抖动要求严格；交互类和背景类属于非实时业务，对误码率要求严格。大多数情况下，QoS需要保证三方面的因素：带宽、时延和准确度。与此相关的QoS参数包括最大比特率、保证比特率、SDU错误率、剩余比特错误率、传输时延、业务处理优先级等。不同的QoS参数信息会影响到目标网络的相应处理决定。For the service QoS criterion, when the service type of the user changes, a corresponding EMIH trigger event Application_QoS_Change is generated to indicate that the QoS requirement of the service changes. The triggering event is delivered to the triggering judgment module by the high layer through the EMIHF, which carries the service type and corresponding QoS parameter information. According to TS23.107 (a specification of 3GPP), the service types can be divided into four categories according to the QoS level. For example, it is stipulated that: 1 represents session-level services, 2 represents stream-level services, 3 represents interactive-level services, and 4 represents background-level services. Different levels of business types have different sensitivity to delay. Among them, conversational and streaming services are real-time services, which have strict requirements on delay and delay jitter; interactive and background services are non-real-time services, and have strict requirements on bit error rate. In most cases, QoS needs to guarantee three factors: bandwidth, delay and accuracy. The relevant QoS parameters include maximum bit rate, guaranteed bit rate, SDU error rate, residual bit error rate, transmission delay, business processing priority, etc. Different QoS parameter information will affect the corresponding processing decision of the target network.

对于会话类业务，携带的QoS参数信息包括：最大比特率、保证比特率、传输时延、SDU错误率、剩余比特错误率。最重要的是保证比特率和传输时延，在网络中会根据业务的最大带宽需求为其预留带宽。For conversational services, the carried QoS parameter information includes: maximum bit rate, guaranteed bit rate, transmission delay, SDU error rate, and residual bit error rate. The most important thing is to guarantee the bit rate and transmission delay, and the bandwidth will be reserved in the network according to the maximum bandwidth demand of the business.

对于流类业务，携带的QoS参数信息包括：最大比特率、保证比特率、传输时延、SDU错误率、剩余比特错误率。最重要的是保证比特率和传输时延，在网络中根据用户需要的保证带宽为其预留，如果网络中有剩余带宽，也可以满足用户的最大带宽需求。For streaming services, the carried QoS parameter information includes: maximum bit rate, guaranteed bit rate, transmission delay, SDU error rate, and residual bit error rate. The most important thing is to guarantee the bit rate and transmission delay, and reserve the guaranteed bandwidth according to the user's needs in the network. If there is remaining bandwidth in the network, it can also meet the user's maximum bandwidth demand.

对于交互类业务，携带的QoS参数信息包括：最大比特率、业务处理优先级、SDU错误率、剩余比特错误率。For interactive services, the carried QoS parameter information includes: maximum bit rate, service processing priority, SDU error rate, and remaining bit error rate.

对于背景类业务，携带的QoS参数信息包括：最大比特率、SDU错误率、剩余比特错误率。For background services, the carried QoS parameter information includes: maximum bit rate, SDU error rate, and remaining bit error rate.

触发判决模块根据收到的业务类型和QoS参数判断是否发起切换并初步选择候选网络集。如，对于高带宽业务，若判断当前网络不能满足业务带宽需求则触发切换模块，并将能够提供足够带宽的邻网络(如WLAN)作为切换候选网络集；对于时延要求严格的网络，应当将2G、3G网络作为候选网络集。The trigger judgment module judges whether to initiate handover according to the received service type and QoS parameters, and initially selects a candidate network set. For example, for high-bandwidth services, if it is judged that the current network cannot meet the service bandwidth requirements, the switching module will be triggered, and the adjacent network (such as WLAN) that can provide sufficient bandwidth will be used as the switching candidate network set; for networks with strict delay requirements, the 2G and 3G networks are used as candidate network sets.

用户感知信息准则中的触发事件包括User_Aware_Change，若用户感知信息发生改变，并且当前网络不能满足用户需求或有更好选择时，触发切换。每当用户感知的信息发生改变时产生User_Aware_Change触发事件。下表3对其进行了详细定义：The trigger event in the user perception information criterion includes User_Aware_Change, if the user perception information changes, and the current network cannot meet the user's needs or there is a better choice, a switch is triggered. Whenever the information perceived by the user changes, a User_Aware_Change trigger event is generated. It is defined in detail in Table 3 below:

表3 User_Aware_ChangeTable 3 User_Aware_Change

描述 describe User_Aware_Change是一个EMIH触发。它指示用户感知信息发生改变，根据感知的上下文信息，用户可能希望切换到满足需求的某种网络中去，可能触发切换。User_Aware_Change is an EMIH trigger. It indicates that the user's perceived information has changed. According to the perceived context information, the user may want to switch to a certain network that meets the demand, and may trigger the switch. 触发类型trigger type 事件触发event triggered 源source {本地|高层}{local | high level} 参数parameters 用户级别用户感知信息网络标识User-level user-aware information network identification

对User_Aware_Change的描述为：User_Aware_Change是一个EMIH触发。它指示用户感知信息发生改变，根据感知到的上下文信息，用户可能希望切换到满足需求的某种网络中去，可能触发切换；The description of User_Aware_Change is: User_Aware_Change is an EMIH trigger. It indicates that the user's perceived information has changed. According to the perceived context information, the user may want to switch to a certain network that meets the demand, which may trigger the switch;

所述表3中的用户级别可以在用户申请入网时协商，此后相关信息分别存储于网络侧和MN网卡内。所述用户感知信息又分为：用户位置信息、移动模式、用户喜好、用户指示等几类准则。所述网络标识指示触发源当前所在网络的ID。The user level in Table 3 can be negotiated when the user applies for network access, after which the relevant information is stored in the network side and the MN network card respectively. The user perception information is further divided into several types of criteria such as user location information, movement patterns, user preferences, and user instructions. The network identifier indicates the ID of the network where the trigger source is currently located.

对于用户感知信息准则，当感知用户上下文信息发生改变时，产生相应的EMIH触发事件User_Aware_Change，用于指示用户的上下文信息发生改变。此触发事件由高层通过EMIHF传递至触发判决模块，其中携带了用户级别和相应的上下文信息。用户级别在用户申请入网时协商，此后相关信息分别存储于网络侧和MN网卡内。用户级别信息可能会影响到后续切换算法的执行。所述用户感知信息准则可细分为用户位置信息、移动模式、用户喜好、用户指示等类型准则。For the user awareness information criterion, when the perceived user context information changes, a corresponding EMIH trigger event User_Aware_Change is generated to indicate that the user context information changes. The triggering event is delivered by the upper layer to the triggering decision module through the EMIHF, which carries the user level and corresponding context information. The user level is negotiated when the user applies for network access, after which the relevant information is stored in the network side and the MN network card respectively. User-level information may affect the execution of subsequent switching algorithms. The user perception information criteria can be subdivided into user location information, movement patterns, user preferences, user instructions and other types of criteria.

在网络控制的切换中，MN中的CAM模块将感知用户上下文信息以及MN能力相关信息，经过处理并满足条件后将根据订阅情况产生触发事件，随后通过EMIHF上传到网络的相应切换控制实体中；而在MN控制的切换中，该类触发事件将直接通过相关接口传递给移动性管理模块，以辅助MN进行切换判决。In network-controlled handover, the CAM module in the MN will sense user context information and MN capability-related information. After processing and meeting the conditions, it will generate a trigger event according to the subscription situation, and then upload it to the corresponding handover control entity of the network through EMIHF; However, in the handover controlled by the MN, such triggering events will be directly transmitted to the mobility management module through the relevant interface, so as to assist the MN to make a handover decision.

对于位置信息准则，根据ITU-R[IMT.MARKET](国际电联报告)建议将用户所处位置环境分为城市密集区、郊区、乡村。用户处于不同的位置环境下将选择不同的接入网络。For location information criteria, according to ITU-R [IMT.MARKET] (ITU report), the location environment of users is divided into urban dense areas, suburban areas, and rural areas. Users will choose different access networks under different location environments.

对于移动模式准则，根据ITU-R M.1390(国际电联文件Methodology forrevision of Recommendation：用于计算2G系统及IMT-2000系统频率需求的方法)建议将移动性定义为室内、步行和车载。用户运动速度和方向的改变将选择不同的接入网络。For the mobile mode guidelines, according to ITU-R M.1390 (ITU document Methodology for revision of Recommendation: method for calculating the frequency requirements of 2G systems and IMT-2000 systems), mobility is defined as indoor, walking and vehicle. Changes in user movement speed and direction will select different access networks.

对于用户喜好准则，又分为价格准则和功耗准则，表明了用户对于价格或者功耗偏好的改变。The user preference criterion is further divided into price criterion and power consumption criterion, indicating the change of the user's preference for price or power consumption.

对于用户指示准则，它表明了用户希望切换的网络，在所有的触发准则中需优先满足该准则。As for the user indication criterion, it indicates the network that the user wishes to switch to, and this criterion must be satisfied first among all the triggering criteria.

位置信息、移动模式、用户喜好、用户指示，其中的任何一种上下文信息发生改变都会产生此触发事件，并有可能触发切换。不同的上下文信息将会影响到目标网络的决定。Location information, mobile mode, user preferences, user instructions, any change in context information among them will generate this trigger event, and may trigger switching. Different contextual information will affect the decision of the target network.

触发判决模块根据收到的用户上下文信息，判断是否发起切换并初步选择候选网络集。当感知到用户处于室内，应当将WLAN(无线局域网)等能提供高速率，低价格和低功耗网络作为候选网络集；对于高速移动的用户，应当将3G等能提供广域覆盖的网络作为候选网络集；对于位于城市密集区的用户应当选择微蜂窝或微微蜂窝中较为空闲的小区作为候选网络集；若用户的喜好为价格时，要将能提供低费用的网络作为候选网络集；若用户指示切换到WLAN网络去，则需将邻近的WLAN网络作为候选网络集。The trigger judgment module judges whether to initiate a handover and initially selects a candidate network set according to the received user context information. When it is perceived that the user is indoors, WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and other networks that can provide high speed, low price and low power consumption should be used as candidate network sets; for high-speed mobile users, networks that can provide wide-area coverage such as 3G should be used as candidate networks. Candidate network set; for users located in dense urban areas, users should choose microcells or relatively idle cells in picocells as candidate network sets; if the user's preference is price, the network that can provide low cost should be used as candidate network set; If the user instructs to switch to the WLAN network, the neighboring WLAN networks need to be used as the candidate network set.

Application_QoS_Change、User_Aware_Change触发事件每当用户的业务类型或者感知的上下文信息发生改变时，由高层通过EMIHF传递至触发判决模块，根据相应的触发准则判断是否需要发起切换。Application_QoS_Change, User_Aware_Change trigger events Whenever the user's service type or perceived context information changes, the upper layer transmits it to the trigger judgment module through EMIHF, and judges whether to initiate a handover according to the corresponding trigger criteria.

网络上下文准则中的触发事件包括Network_Context_Change，当网络的上下文信息发生改变时，触发切换。每当网络侧上下文信息指示网络超出负荷或者性能改变时产生Network_Context_Change触发事件。结合表4，对其进行了详细的定义，包括：描述、触发类型、源、参数。The trigger events in the network context criteria include Network_Context_Change, which triggers switching when the context information of the network changes. The Network_Context_Change trigger event is generated whenever the context information on the network side indicates that the network is overloaded or the performance changes. Combined with Table 4, it is defined in detail, including: description, trigger type, source, and parameters.

表4 Network_Context_ChangeTable 4 Network_Context_Change

描述 describe Network_Context_Change是一个EMIH触发，它指示网络上下文信息发生变化，可能需要将某些用户切换到其它网络中去，可能触发切换。Network_Context_Change is an EMIH trigger, which indicates that the network context information changes, and some users may need to be switched to other networks, which may trigger switching. 触发类型trigger type 事件触发event triggered 源source {远端|高层}{remote|high-level} 参数parameters 网络侧上下文信息网络标识Network side context information network identification

对Network_Context_Change的描述为：Network_Context_Change是一个EMIH触发，指示网络上下文信息发生变化，可能需要将某些用户切换到其它网络中去，可能触发切换。The description of Network_Context_Change is: Network_Context_Change is an EMIH trigger, indicating that the network context information changes, and some users may need to be switched to other networks, which may trigger switching.

所述表4中的网络侧上下文信息又分为网络负载信息，网络的可用资源，吞吐量等几类状态信息准则。所述网络标识指示与触发相关的网络ID。The network side context information in Table 4 is further divided into several types of state information criteria such as network load information, available resources of the network, and throughput. The network identifier indicates a network ID related to the trigger.

对于网络上下文信息准则，当网络上下文信息发生改变时，产生相应的EMIH触发事件Network_Context_Change，用于指示网络上下文信息发生改变。此触发事件产生于网络端各实体中，用于网络发起的切换，其中携带了相应的网络上下文信息。网络侧的信息包括：网络的负载信息，网络的可用资源，吞吐量等动态信息。触发判决模块根据收到的网络上下文信息判断是否发起切换并判定切换到何种网络中去。相应的，网络上下文准则又细分为负载准则、可用资源准则、吞吐量准则。For the network context information criterion, when the network context information changes, a corresponding EMIH trigger event Network_Context_Change is generated to indicate that the network context information changes. This trigger event is generated in each entity at the network end and is used for network-initiated handover, which carries corresponding network context information. The information on the network side includes: network load information, available network resources, throughput and other dynamic information. The trigger judgment module judges whether to initiate a handover and which network to switch to according to the received network context information. Correspondingly, the network context criterion is subdivided into load criterion, available resource criterion, and throughput criterion.

对于负载准则，若网络中的业务量超过预定门限时，将触发切换。For the load criterion, if the traffic in the network exceeds a predetermined threshold, a handover will be triggered.

对于可用资源准则，若网络中的可用资源继续低于预定门限时，将会影响到已经接入用户的QoS，需触发切换。For the available resource criterion, if the available resource in the network continues to be lower than the predetermined threshold, it will affect the QoS of the users already connected, and a handover needs to be triggered.

对于吞吐量准则，若网络由于拥塞等原因吞吐量过低时需触发切换。For the throughput criterion, if the throughput of the network is too low due to congestion and other reasons, a handover needs to be triggered.

负载、可用资源、吞吐量，任何一项网络上下文信息的改变都将产生此触发事件并有可能触发切换。如果网络上下文信息指示某一网络业务量过载时，应当将某些用户切换到轻负荷的网络中去；当上下文信息指示网络状态变差时，应当将用户切换到能满足QoS的网络中去。Any change in network context information such as load, available resources, and throughput will generate this trigger event and may trigger a handover. If the network context information indicates that the traffic of a certain network is overloaded, some users should be switched to a light-loaded network; when the context information indicates that the network status is getting worse, users should be switched to a network that can satisfy QoS.

由于切换前后网络条件(如提供速率、可用带宽)可能会发生变化，因此需要在切换过程前或者切换进行中甚至切换完成后通知高层的应用，相应地调整QoS相关信息，以减少对用户体验的损伤。因此，除了上述切换触发事件外，本发明实施例还设置一类事件Application_QoS_Adjust(应用QoS调整)。所述事件由网络侧触发(可能由网络侧相关一个或多个实体触发)，通过EMIHF向MN侧的应用等高层发送，当应用接收到Application_QoS_Adjust事件后，会及时地对网络条件的改变做好任何可能的准备，判断是否需要进行相应调整。结合表5，对其的定义包括描述、远端方向。Since the network conditions (such as the provided rate and available bandwidth) may change before and after the handover, it is necessary to notify the high-level application before the handover process, during the handover, or even after the handover is completed, and adjust the QoS related information accordingly to reduce the impact on user experience. damage. Therefore, in addition to the above handover trigger event, the embodiment of the present invention also sets a type of event Application_QoS_Adjust (application QoS adjustment). The event is triggered by the network side (may be triggered by one or more entities related to the network side), and is sent to the application and other high-level layers on the MN side through EMIHF. When the application receives the Application_QoS_Adjust event, it will promptly make changes to the network conditions Any possible preparations, judge whether adjustments need to be made accordingly. Combined with Table 5, its definition includes description and distal direction.

表5 Application_QoS_AdjustTable 5 Application_QoS_Adjust

EMIH事件EMIH event 本地(L)/远端(R)Local (L)/Remote (R) 远端方向far direction 描述 describe Application_QoS_AdjustApplication_QoS_Adjust L，RL, R Network-＞ClientNetwork->Client 切换前后通知高层，及时地调整高层应用的QoS信息Notify the upper layer before and after switching, and adjust the QoS information of the upper layer application in a timely manner

如果收到Application_QoS_Adjust事件，应用做好任何可能的准备，并根据需要作相应的QoS信息调整。如果在切换前或者切换中收到此事件，应用可能采取QoS降级的方式，(在QoS的四种级别中，还存在3种不同的优先级分类，也称为分配/预留优先权分类，即利用分配预留参数<Allocation andRetention Parameters ARP>引入新的优先级别。这里的降级包括ARP和QoS两种级别)，调整相应的编/解码速率等；如果切换完成后收到此事件，应用可能恢复QoS等级。如果应用采用SIP信令，所作的调整包括在SDP描述的传送媒体信息中选择不同的传递参数如带宽等。If the Application_QoS_Adjust event is received, the application makes any possible preparations and adjusts the corresponding QoS information as needed. If this event is received before or during the handover, the application may adopt a QoS downgrading method, (in the four levels of QoS, there are also 3 different priority classifications, also known as allocation/reservation priority classifications, That is, use the allocation reservation parameter <Allocation and Retention Parameters ARP> to introduce a new priority level. The downgrade here includes two levels of ARP and QoS), adjust the corresponding encoding/decoding rate, etc.; if this event is received after the switch is completed, the application may Restore the QoS class. If the application uses SIP signaling, the adjustments include selecting different transfer parameters such as bandwidth in the transfer media information described by the SDP.

本发明实施例还提供一种EMIH架构下的切换方法，本发明实施例对切换类型不做限定，可以包括：MN控制的切换、网络控制的切换、信令不需经过CEMIH控制的切换、信令需经过CEMIH控制的切换各类组合(如果在同一运营商管理的域内进行切换，为了实现网络通信扁平化，加快切换流程，缩短时延，通常信令不需通过位于核心网的CEMIH；而在进行跨域切换时，则需要CEMIH进行统一的控制)。而MN控制的切换和网络控制的切换又可根据切换触发事件产生源的不同进一步细分为：MN触发的切换和网络触发的切换。每一类切换流程均包括：测量触发、准备、执行、完成四步骤。The embodiment of the present invention also provides a handover method under the EMIH architecture. The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the type of handover, which may include: handover controlled by the MN, handover controlled by the network, handover controlled by the signaling without CEMIH, signaling Various combinations of switching that need to be controlled by CEMIH (if the switching is performed in the domain managed by the same operator, in order to achieve flat network communication, speed up the switching process, and shorten the delay, usually the signaling does not need to pass through the CEMIH located in the core network; and When performing cross-domain handover, CEMIH is required to perform unified control). The MN-controlled handover and network-controlled handover can be further subdivided into: MN-triggered handover and network-triggered handover according to different sources of handover trigger events. Each type of handover process includes four steps: measurement trigger, preparation, execution, and completion.

所述测量触发部分包括：根据测量的结果以及触发准则判断是否发起切换。若是，则可进一步分为由MN发出切换请求或由网络发起切换；也有可能触发事件同时由MN、网络产生；The measurement triggering part includes: judging whether to initiate handover according to the measurement result and the trigger criterion. If yes, it can be further divided into handover request issued by the MN or handover initiated by the network; it is also possible that the trigger event is generated by the MN and the network at the same time;

所述准备部分包括：目标网络进行资源预留，并向源网络反馈切换准备确认信息等操作；The preparation part includes: the target network performs resource reservation, and feeds back handover preparation confirmation information and other operations to the source network;

所述执行部分包括：各层次的切换及相关处理；The execution part includes: switching of each level and related processing;

所述完成部分包括：源网络根据策略，释放用户占用资源，切换最终完成。The completion part includes: the source network releases the resource occupied by the user according to the policy, and the handover is finally completed.

本发明实施例所述方法总体执行流程如图6所示，包括如下步骤：The overall execution flow of the method described in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 6, including the following steps:

步骤1：获取触发事件和切换相关信息；Step 1: Obtain trigger event and handover related information;

网络侧的CAS以及MN侧的CAM对相关信息进行测量，经过处理后，根据需要向HCM发送触发事件及切换相关信息以辅助切换判决和执行；The CAS on the network side and the CAM on the MN side measure the relevant information, and after processing, send trigger events and handover related information to the HCM as needed to assist handover judgment and execution;

根据控制切换流程的实体的不同，所述HCM可以包括：所述MN当前所在接入网的HCM(网络侧控制，MN辅助，本域内切换)，和/或MN侧的HCM(MN控制，网络侧辅助，本域内切换)，和/或CEMIHF中的HCM(跨域切换)。According to different entities that control the handover process, the HCM may include: the HCM of the access network where the MN is currently located (network-side control, MN assistance, intra-domain handover), and/or the HCM of the MN side (MN control, network side assistance, intra-domain handover), and/or HCM (cross-domain handover) in CEMIHF.

MN侧的CAM测量的信息分别来自用户和应用(用户和应用上下文)等；详细信息来源如下：The information of the CAM measurement on the MN side comes from the user and the application (user and application context) respectively; the sources of detailed information are as follows:

高层：高层主要与具体的应用和用户平面相对应。应用的QoS参数包括不同业务类型所需要的带宽、速率，对丢包率的要求等。当业务类型改变时，其QoS参数也将发生改变，并将该信息传递给EMIH功能模块。用户也可以根据自己的位置，喜好，移动模式等感知上下文信息发出切换请求。High layer: The high layer mainly corresponds to specific applications and user planes. The applied QoS parameters include the required bandwidth and rate of different business types, and the requirements on the packet loss rate, etc. When the service type changes, its QoS parameters will also change, and the information will be passed to the EMIH function module. Users can also send switching requests based on perceptual context information such as their location, preferences, and mobile patterns.

网络层：网络层的参数能够体现网络的拥塞状况，如ICMP报文信息等。网络层的信息同时也包括接入点的L2层ID，与之相关的AR的IP地址等。Network layer: The parameters of the network layer can reflect the congestion status of the network, such as ICMP message information. The information at the network layer also includes the L2 layer ID of the access point, the IP address of the AR associated with it, and so on.

网络侧CAS将感知不同网络的上下文信息，如网络的负载信息，网络的可用资源，吞吐量等动态信息。The CAS on the network side will perceive the context information of different networks, such as network load information, network available resources, throughput and other dynamic information.

触发切换的可以为MN侧的CAM，或为网络侧CAS，也可以同时由CAM、CAS向当前MN的接入网HCM触发。The handover can be triggered by the CAM on the MN side or the CAS on the network side, or can be triggered by the CAM and the CAS to the HCM of the current MN's access network at the same time.

所述MN当前接入网的HCM向网络中的MIIS获取网络侧的相关静态信息，包括邻居网络列表、网络资费信息、可支持业务信息等；The HCM of the current access network of the MN obtains relevant static information on the network side from the MIIS in the network, including a neighbor network list, network tariff information, and supportable service information;

所述HCM从三个实体获取所述信息无先后时间限制。另外，实际操作中，触发切换的也可以包括其他因素或实体，本发明不做限定。The HCM obtains the information from the three entities without time limitation. In addition, in actual operation, other factors or entities may also be involved in triggering the switching, which is not limited in the present invention.

在获取切换相关信息和触发事件后，触发判决模块并行地检测各种触发准则，一旦符合要求，便发起触发切换请求以通知切换模块。所述触发准则如前面的实施例一所述。After obtaining handover-related information and trigger events, the trigger judgment module detects various trigger criteria in parallel, and once the requirements are met, it initiates a trigger handover request to notify the handover module. The triggering criterion is as described in the first embodiment above.

步骤2：根据所述获取的触发事件及切换相关信息和触发准则判断是否需要切换；Step 2: judging whether handover is required according to the acquired trigger event, handover related information and trigger criteria;

HCM根据所述获取的触发事件及切换相关信息作出是否触发切换的判决，选定目标网络，和所述目标网络进行协商，包括向所述目标网络发起资源预留请求；The HCM makes a judgment on whether to trigger a handover according to the acquired trigger event and handover related information, selects a target network, and negotiates with the target network, including initiating a resource reservation request to the target network;

为了提供QoS等参数并在切换后的新路径上重建相关的服务，因此需要与目标网络进行信息交互。可以通过有线网络提前传递上下文来快速重建服务并同时预留资源，以减小对时延敏感业务的影响，降低切换失败率。In order to provide parameters such as QoS and rebuild related services on the new path after switching, it is necessary to exchange information with the target network. The context can be transferred in advance through the wired network to quickly rebuild services and reserve resources at the same time, so as to reduce the impact on delay-sensitive services and reduce the handover failure rate.

具体的，在实现时，可以通过资源预留请求将需要传递的用户上下文信息带给目标网络，以在目标网络中为切换用户准备接入资源；在目标网络资源预留完成后，将通过在资源预留确认消息中携带相关信息的方式向源网络反馈资源预留情况。切换过程中的用户上下文关系包括当前会话的QoS参数，编码速率，所需资源等信息；Specifically, during implementation, the user context information that needs to be transferred can be brought to the target network through a resource reservation request, so as to prepare access resources for handover users in the target network; after the resource reservation of the target network is completed, the The resource reservation status is fed back to the source network by carrying relevant information in the resource reservation confirmation message. The user context during the switching process includes information such as QoS parameters of the current session, encoding rate, and required resources;

根据执行切换的区域的不同，执行上述切换判决及控制操作的HCM可以为CEMIH中的HCM，也可以为MN当前接入网中的HCM，或MN中的HCM。在跨域切换时为CEMIH中的HCM，在本域内切换时为MN当前接入网中的HCM，或MN中的HCM。According to the difference in the area where the handover is performed, the HCM that performs the above handover decision and control operations may be the HCM in the CEMIH, or the HCM in the current access network of the MN, or the HCM in the MN. In cross-domain handover, it is the HCM in CEMIH, and in local domain handover, it is the HCM in the current access network of the MN, or the HCM in the MN.

步骤3：协商成功后，根据策略，执行网络切换；Step 3: After the negotiation is successful, perform network switching according to the policy;

MN当前所在的源网络收到目标网络资源准备确认信息后，根据策略，执行各层的切换。After the source network where the MN is currently located receives the resource preparation confirmation information of the target network, it performs switching of each layer according to the policy.

其中，对于切换过程中的丢包问题可以通过隧道转发或者多播来降低。Among them, the problem of packet loss during the switching process can be reduced through tunnel forwarding or multicasting.

步骤4：MN在切换完成后，向新网络发送带有资源释放参数的切换完成消息，而新网络将根据策略向源网络转发该消息以通知源网络释放相关资源，整个切换流程在源网络释放用户占用的相关资源后最终完成。Step 4: After the handover is completed, the MN sends a handover completion message with resource release parameters to the new network, and the new network will forward the message to the source network according to the policy to notify the source network to release related resources. The entire handover process is released in the source network The relevant resources occupied by the user are finally completed.

下面分别以MN辅助、网络控制的切换，和网络辅助、MN控制的切换过程为例说明触发切换方法。The triggering handover method is described below by taking the MN-assisted, network-controlled handover process, and the network-assisted, MN-controlled handover process as examples.

下述实施例二为MN辅助、网络控制的切换流程，该类流程主要特点是，切换的判决在网络侧进行，同时，切换执行命令、资源预留请求、切换后的资源释放等都将由网络侧进行统一处理。其可进一步分为：不需要CEMIH统一控制的切换和需要CEMIH统一控制的切换。如图7所示，为不需要CEMIH统一控制的MN触发的切换流程，所述MN当前接入网为AN1，目标接入网为AN2，具体的切换流程包括：Thefollowing embodiment 2 is an MN-assisted and network-controlled handover process. The main feature of this type of process is that the handover decision is made on the network side. side for unified processing. It can be further divided into: a handover that does not require the unified control of the CEMIH and a handover that requires the unified control of the CEMIH. As shown in Figure 7, it is a handover process triggered by the MN that does not need the unified control of CEMIH. The current access network of the MN is AN1, and the target access network is AN2. The specific handover process includes:

步骤1：CAM感知用户和上层应用相关上下文信息；Step 1: CAM perceives context information related to users and upper-layer applications;

步骤2：CAS感知AN1相关网络动态信息；Step 2: CAS senses the network dynamic information related to AN1;

步骤3：CAS感知AN2相关网络动态信息；Step 3: CAS perceives AN2 related network dynamic information;

步骤4：CAM、CAS对信息进行识别、处理，判断是否产生触发事件；Step 4: CAM and CAS identify and process the information, and judge whether a trigger event occurs;

步骤5：CAM根据应用QoS的改变，触发Application_QoS_Change事件，并将MN及用户相关上下文信息携带在该事件中，通过EMIHF向AN1中HCM传递；Step 5: The CAM triggers the Application_QoS_Change event according to the change of the application QoS, carries the MN and user-related context information in the event, and transmits it to the HCM in AN1 through the EMIHF;

步骤6：HCM获取触发事件后，根据需要，向CAS请求相关网络动态信息；Step 6: After the HCM obtains the trigger event, it requests relevant network dynamic information from the CAS as needed;

步骤7：CAS对HCM的请求进行应答，返回请求的信息；Step 7: The CAS responds to the request of the HCM and returns the requested information;

步骤8、HCM获取触发事件后，根据需要，向MIIS请求相关网络静态信息；Step 8. After the HCM acquires the trigger event, it requests the MIIS for relevant network static information as required;

步骤9、MIIS对HCM的请求进行应答，返回请求的信息；Step 9, MIIS responds to the request of the HCM, and returns the requested information;

CAM产生触发事件为Application_QoS_Change，此事件为具体应用实例，还可能为其它预先订阅的事件，如，User_Aware_Change等；The trigger event generated by CAM is Application_QoS_Change, which is a specific application instance, and may also be other pre-subscribed events, such as User_Aware_Change, etc.;

图中虚线框表示触发可能在测量的同时进行；而HCM向CAS、MIIS进行信息查询也可能是同时发生，并没有严格时间顺序。The dotted line box in the figure indicates that the triggering may be performed at the same time as the measurement; and the HCM's information query to the CAS and MIIS may also occur at the same time, and there is no strict time sequence.

后续的切换判决、切换准备、切换执行及切换完成过程同总体方案流程，此处不再赘述。The subsequent handover decision, handover preparation, handover execution, and handover completion processes are the same as the overall solution flow, and will not be repeated here.

不需要CEMIH统一控制的网络触发的切换流程如图8所示，其与MN触发的区别在于：触发事件由网络侧的CAS产生，而HCM接收到触发事件后，将根据策略向MN中的CAM请求相关MN、用户及应用上下文信息。具体步骤包括：The network-triggered handover process that does not require CEMIH’s unified control is shown in Figure 8. The difference between it and MN-triggered is that the trigger event is generated by the CAS on the network side, and after receiving the trigger event, the HCM will report to the CAM in the MN Request related MN, user and application context information. Specific steps include:

步骤5：CAS根据网络上下文的改变，触发Network_Context_Change事件，并将相关网络动态信息携带在该事件中，通过EMIHF向AN1中HCM传递；Step 5: The CAS triggers the Network_Context_Change event according to the change of the network context, carries the relevant network dynamic information in the event, and transmits it to the HCM in AN1 through the EMIHF;

步骤6：HCM获取触发事件后，根据需要，向CAM请求相关MN及用户上下文信息；Step 6: After the HCM obtains the trigger event, it requests the relevant MN and user context information from the CAM as needed;

步骤7：CAM对HCM的请求进行应答，返回请求的信息；Step 7: CAM responds to the request of HCM and returns the requested information;

所述触发事件也可能同时由CAM、CAS向HCM触发。The trigger event may also be triggered by the CAM and the CAS to the HCM at the same time.

所述触发事件Network_Context_Change仍然只是一个应用实例，还可以包含其它HCM预定的事件。The trigger event Network_Context_Change is still only an application instance, and may also include other events predetermined by the HCM.

下述实施例三为MN辅助、网络控制，需要CEMIH统一控制的切换流程。在不同的切换情况下，切换判决可能会涉及到网络侧的控制实体CEMIH，例如，在同一运营商管理的域内进行切换，为了实现网络通信扁平化，加快切换流程，缩短时延，通常信令不需通过位于核心网的CEMIH；而在进行跨域切换时，则需要CEMIH进行统一的控制。在需要CEMIH进行统一的控制情况下，CAM以及CAS的信息和触发事件将发送到CEMIH的HCM模块，由HCM模块进行统一的判决。The following embodiment three is a handover procedure that is assisted by the MN and controlled by the network, and needs to be uniformly controlled by the CEMIH. In different handover situations, the handover decision may involve the control entity CEMIH on the network side. For example, handover is performed in the domain managed by the same operator. In order to achieve flat network communication, speed up the handover process, and shorten the delay, signaling There is no need to pass through the CEMIH located in the core network; when performing cross-domain handover, CEMIH is required for unified control. In the case that CEMIH is required to perform unified control, the information and trigger events of CAM and CAS will be sent to the HCM module of CEMIH, and the HCM module will make a unified judgment.

如图9所示，为需要CEMIH统一控制的MN触发的切换流程。所述MN当前接入网为AN1，目标接入网为AN2，具体的切换流程包括：As shown in FIG. 9 , it is a handover process triggered by the MN that needs to be uniformly controlled by the CEMIH. The current access network of the MN is AN1, and the target access network is AN2. The specific switching process includes:

步骤5：CAM根据QoS的改变，触发Application_QoS_Change事件，并将MN及用户相关上下文信息携带在该事件中，通过EMIHF向CEMIH中的HCM传递；Step 5: The CAM triggers the Application_QoS_Change event according to the QoS change, and carries the MN and user-related context information in the event, and transmits it to the HCM in the CEMIH through the EMIHF;

步骤6：CEMIH中的HCM在接收到触发事件后，根据需要，向CAS请求相关网络动态信息；Step 6: After receiving the trigger event, the HCM in CEMIH requests relevant network dynamic information from the CAS as needed;

步骤7：CAS对HCM请求进行应答，返回相关信息；Step 7: CAS responds to the HCM request and returns relevant information;

步骤8：HCM根据需要，向MIIS请求相关网络静态信息；Step 8: HCM requests relevant network static information from MIIS as needed;

步骤9：MIIS对HCM请求进行应答，返回相关信息；Step 9: MIIS responds to the HCM request and returns relevant information;

需要CEMIH统一控制的MN触发的切换流程，如图10所示，包括：The handover process triggered by the MN that needs to be uniformly controlled by CEMIH, as shown in Figure 10, includes:

步骤5：CAS根据网络上下文的改变，向HCM触发Network_Context_Change事件，并携带相关网络动态信息；Step 5: According to the change of the network context, the CAS triggers the Network_Context_Change event to the HCM, and carries relevant network dynamic information;

步骤6：CEMIH中的HCM在接收到触发事件后，根据需要，向CAM请求MN及用户、应用上下文信息；Step 6: After receiving the trigger event, the HCM in the CEMIH requests the MN, user, and application context information from the CAM as needed;

步骤7：CAM对HCM请求进行应答，返回相关信息；Step 7: CAM responds to the HCM request and returns relevant information;

除了上述MN辅助、网络控制(包括AN控制和CEMIH控制两种)的切换流程外，还可以采用网络辅助、MN控制的切换流程，其特点是切换相关的触发事件将分别由CAM和CAS通过EMIHF向MN侧的HCM进行上报，而切换的判决是在MN侧做出的，进一步由MN发出资源预留请求以及后续的命令，执行切换。其同样分为需要CEMIH控制和不需要CEMIH控制两种情况。In addition to the above-mentioned MN-assisted, network-controlled (including AN-controlled and CEMIH-controlled) handover procedures, network-assisted, MN-controlled handover procedures can also be used. Report to the HCM on the MN side, and the handover decision is made on the MN side, and the MN further issues a resource reservation request and subsequent commands to execute the handover. It is also divided into two situations that require CEMIH control and do not require CEMIH control.

由于切换前后网络条件(如提供速率、可用带宽)可能会发生变化，因此可能需要在切换的任意时刻，相应地调整QoS等相关信息，以减少对用户体验的损伤。此时，网络侧将向MN触发Application_QoS_Adjust事件，以通知MN的应用层作出适当的调整。此过程适用于上述任一方法实施例。Since the network conditions (such as the provided rate and available bandwidth) may change before and after the handover, it may be necessary to adjust relevant information such as QoS accordingly at any moment of the handover to reduce damage to user experience. At this time, the network side will trigger the Application_QoS_Adjust event to the MN to notify the application layer of the MN to make appropriate adjustments. This process is applicable to any of the above method embodiments.

综上所述，本发明实施例利用IEEE802.21的基本架构，通过引入功能实体(上下文感知服务器、CEMIH等)、设置功能模块(上下文感知模块)、定义全面的切换触发事件和切换准则，在对MIH整网架构进行增强的基础上，提出了能及时感知包括用户/MN、网络动态、网络静态信息等信息的变化，适用于网络扁平化趋势的异构网络移动性管理机制以及切换方法和流程，增强了网络切换的灵活性。In summary, the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the basic architecture of IEEE802.21, introduces functional entities (context-aware server, CEMIH, etc.), sets functional modules (context-aware modules), and defines comprehensive handover trigger events and handover criteria. On the basis of enhancing the MIH network architecture, a heterogeneous network mobility management mechanism and handover method that can sense changes in information including users/MNs, network dynamics, and network static information in a timely manner and is suitable for network flattening trends is proposed. process, which enhances the flexibility of network switching.

本发明实施例的方案对切换类型不做出强制限定，并可通过设置的网络侧集中式控制实体满足电信网高度可控可管的要求。同时，本发明定义的触发事件、参考点等都遵循IEEE 802.21的基本规范，具有通用性。The solutions of the embodiments of the present invention do not make mandatory restrictions on the handover type, and can meet the requirements of high controllability and manageability of the telecommunication network through the set network-side centralized control entity. At the same time, the trigger events and reference points defined in the present invention all follow the basic specifications of IEEE 802.21 and are universal.

以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can easily think of changes or Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.