CN101206813A - Experimental platform for virtual ultrasonic flaw detector and probe performance testing - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及计算机虚拟现实技术领域，特别是涉及用于无损检测培训的一种虚拟超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试的实验平台。The invention relates to the technical field of computer virtual reality, in particular to a virtual ultrasonic flaw detector and an experimental platform for probe performance testing used for non-destructive testing training.
背景技术Background technique
无损检测是一门新兴的综合性应用技术科学，是建立现代工业的基础和保证，被形象称之谓“工业医生”。超声波检测因其能灵敏地检测出工件内部缺陷，且对环境无辐射污染、对检测材料无限制、应用范围广泛等诸多优点，成为当今工业产品质量控制和生产过程安全监督最重要的手段。但是超声波也因其在工件内部的传播过程不可见，给从业人员掌握超声检测理论和实践操作技能设置了很大障碍；而各类工件的材质和结构复杂，缺陷的形状、大小、位置和方向千差万变，令从业人员识别缺陷信号更加困难。这些瓶颈导致目前我国持有超声检测中级及以上职业证书的人员非常紧缺，安全隐患常干扰我国人民群众的正常生活。要大力提高和培训超声检测人员的技术水平，除了提供仪器和各种探头之外，还需具有各种反射体(缺陷)的模拟试块和指导老师，因此，有必要开发一种新型的基于虚拟技术的用于无损检测培训的“虚拟超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试实验平台”。Non-destructive testing is an emerging comprehensive applied technical science, which is the foundation and guarantee for the establishment of modern industry, and is called "industrial doctor" vividly. Ultrasonic testing has become the most important means of quality control of industrial products and safety supervision of production processes because of its sensitive detection of internal defects of workpieces, no radiation pollution to the environment, no restrictions on testing materials, and a wide range of applications. However, because of the invisible propagation process of ultrasonic waves inside the workpiece, it has set a great obstacle for practitioners to master ultrasonic testing theory and practical operation skills; and the materials and structures of various workpieces are complex, and the shape, size, position and direction of defects Wide variations make it more difficult for practitioners to identify defect signals. These bottlenecks have led to a very short supply of personnel with intermediate and above professional certificates in ultrasonic testing in my country, and potential safety hazards often interfere with the normal lives of the people of our country. To vigorously improve and train the technical level of ultrasonic testing personnel, in addition to providing instruments and various probes, simulated test blocks and instructors with various reflectors (defects) are also required. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type based on "Virtual Ultrasonic Flaw Detector and Probe Performance Test Experiment Platform" for non-destructive testing training.
虚拟现实技术其本质是客观事物在计算机上的一种仿真实现。目前，虚拟现实系统随着发展正逐渐应用到各个领域，主要表现在工程、科学研究和教育培训之中。虚拟培训是虚拟现实技术的重要应用之一(请见参考文献1)。The essence of virtual reality technology is a simulation of objective things on a computer. At present, with the development of virtual reality system is gradually applied to various fields, mainly in engineering, scientific research and education and training. Virtual training is one of the important applications of virtual reality technology (see reference 1).
国外对虚拟超声检测的研究主要涉及超声在不同结构材料中的声场分布、声场与各缺陷体的作用模拟，如多层结构材料、奥氏体材料中的声场计算模拟，以及回波预测和成像，主要有：(一)用于复杂结构和材料的检测特性研究，为解释和分析检测结果提供工具，帮助对检测结果的理解和辨别；(二)验证探伤方法和工艺的可行性，确定它的局限性，对某种探伤方法进行评估，尤其是核电站中应用较多，以帮助制定探伤工艺；对已有的探伤方法进行设计与优化，尤其应用在相控阵方法中等；探头设计等(请见参考文献2和3)。Foreign research on virtual ultrasonic testing mainly involves the distribution of ultrasonic sound fields in different structural materials, the simulation of the interaction between sound fields and various defect bodies, such as the calculation and simulation of sound fields in multi-layer structural materials and austenitic materials, as well as echo prediction and imaging. , mainly include: (1) used for the research of detection characteristics of complex structures and materials, providing tools for interpretation and analysis of test results, and helping to understand and distinguish test results; (2) verifying the feasibility of flaw detection methods and processes, and determining their Due to the limitations of the flaw detection method, evaluate a certain flaw detection method, especially in nuclear power plants, to help formulate the flaw detection process; design and optimize the existing flaw detection method, especially in the phased array method; probe design, etc. ( See references 2 and 3).
我国也有不少研究者进行了超声检测的模拟研究。张伟志、钢铁等人利用超声传播原理和几何光学简化模型，基于VB开发了超声检测分析计算和模拟仿真软件，实现了超声传播路径的模拟(请见参考文献4)。马永光、刘玉良等人从声波理论出发，用单步跟踪法对超声检测过程进行了计算机模拟，实现超声波在介质环境内传播过程的可视化(请见参考文献5)，但是这些研究只是为波谱分析而用。国内研究仅仅限于结构件检测性预测和检测工艺设计等研究而用，虽然也有多媒体培训对超声检测机理与过程的动画模拟，但能用于真实的交互性操作的虚拟超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试实验平台究还未见报道。There are also many researchers in our country who have carried out simulation research on ultrasonic testing. Zhang Weizhi, Iron and Steel et al. used the principle of ultrasonic propagation and the simplified model of geometric optics to develop ultrasonic detection analysis calculation and simulation software based on VB, and realized the simulation of ultrasonic propagation path (see reference 4). Starting from the sound wave theory, Ma Yongguang, Liu Yuliang and others carried out computer simulation on the ultrasonic testing process with the single-step tracking method to realize the visualization of the propagation process of the ultrasonic wave in the medium environment (see reference 5), but these studies are only for spectral analysis. And use. Domestic research is limited to research on structural component testability prediction and test process design. Although there are multimedia training animations for ultrasonic test mechanism and process simulation, they can be used for real interactive virtual ultrasonic flaw detectors and probe performance tests. The experimental platform has not been reported yet.
国内外未见报道有进行虚拟超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试实验平台。There is no report at home and abroad that there is an experimental platform for virtual ultrasonic flaw detector and probe performance testing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：利用LabVIEW(实验室虚拟仪器开发工具)在计算机上开发一套将超声波探伤仪器、探头、试块相互关联的虚拟超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试的实验平台，以帮助受训者在电脑上身临其境，进行模拟超声波探伤操作，了解和掌握仪器与探头综合性能测试的操作要点。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: Utilize LabVIEW (laboratory virtual instrument development tool) to develop a cover on the computer the experimental platform of the virtual ultrasonic flaw detector that correlates ultrasonic flaw detector, probe, test block and probe performance test, with It helps trainees to perform simulated ultrasonic flaw detection operation on the computer, understand and master the operation points of the comprehensive performance test of instruments and probes.
本发明按下述技术方案解决其技术问题：包括用于实验训练所需的虚拟硬件和模块软件。其中：虚拟硬件主要由虚拟的A型超声波探伤仪、虚拟的超声波探头与虚拟的试块构成，虚拟的超声波探头由鼠标控制在虚拟试块上移动，当声波遇到反射体时虚拟的超声波探头便激发一个仿真信号通过数据通道传到虚拟超声波探伤仪上显示出来；模块软件主要由鼠标控制的对所述虚拟硬件的相互关联的多种组合，并以可视化表现的依据超声波探伤仪与探头综合性能测试要求所设计的系列实验。The present invention solves its technical problems according to the following technical solutions: including virtual hardware and module software required for experimental training. Among them: the virtual hardware is mainly composed of a virtual A-type ultrasonic flaw detector, a virtual ultrasonic probe and a virtual test block. The virtual ultrasonic probe is controlled by the mouse to move on the virtual test block. When the sound wave encounters a reflector, the virtual ultrasonic probe A simulated signal is then transmitted to the virtual ultrasonic flaw detector through the data channel for display; the module software is mainly controlled by the mouse to control various combinations of the virtual hardware, and is based on the visual representation of the ultrasonic flaw detector and the probe. Performance testing requires a designed series of experiments.
本发明提供的虚拟超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试的实验平台(以下简称实验平台)与现有技术相比具有以下的主要优点：Compared with the prior art, the experimental platform for virtual ultrasonic flaw detector and probe performance test (hereinafter referred to as the experimental platform) has the following main advantages:
本实验平台的核心与创新点在于：让受训者在没有真实的超声探伤仪、探头、试块和老师(因超声波传播不可见性决定)的情况下，借助计算机与本发明，进行超声波探伤仪与探头综合性能测试实验操作训练；了解和掌握A型超声波探伤仪的性能与使用，三种探头的波形特点与使用，标准试块、参考试块和模拟试块的特点与用途。受训者用鼠标点击虚拟(CTS-22型模拟探伤仪)按扭或按键(HS510数字探伤仪)，可以调整和显示探伤仪的状态，用鼠标还可以控制虚拟探头在虚拟试块上的移动和扫查，实时观察到声束的传播规律、在各种反射界面上的变化，并与之对应的探伤仪显示的信号幅度和位置。The core and innovation of this experimental platform is to allow trainees to conduct ultrasonic flaw detectors with the help of computers and the present invention without real ultrasonic flaw detectors, probes, test blocks and teachers (determined by the invisibility of ultrasonic wave propagation). Comprehensive performance test and experimental operation training of the probe; understand and master the performance and use of the A-type ultrasonic flaw detector, the waveform characteristics and use of the three probes, the characteristics and uses of the standard test block, reference test block and simulation test block. Trainees can click the virtual (CTS-22 analog flaw detector) button or button (HS510 digital flaw detector) with the mouse to adjust and display the state of the flaw detector, and use the mouse to control the movement and movement of the virtual probe on the virtual test block. Scanning, real-time observation of the propagation law of the sound beam, changes on various reflection interfaces, and the corresponding signal amplitude and position displayed by the flaw detector.
本发明解决了超声检测受训者在没有超声探伤仪、探头、试块和老师指导的情况下，不能进行实验操作训练的问题。本实验平台所构建的由鼠标控制的仪器、探头、与试块间的关联度决定了其强大的互动性，由可视化表现的声束、反射体与回波信号间的对应关系决定了其良好的自学性，只需在普通电脑中安装该平台即可进行系列超声检测实验训练决定了其可观的经济性，特别具有推广应用价值。The invention solves the problem that trainees in ultrasonic testing cannot carry out experimental operation training without the guidance of ultrasonic flaw detectors, probes, test blocks and teachers. The relationship between the mouse-controlled instrument, probe, and test block constructed by this experimental platform determines its strong interaction, and the correspondence between the visualized sound beam, reflector and echo signal determines its good Self-learning, only need to install the platform in the ordinary computer to carry out a series of ultrasonic detection experimental training determines its considerable economical, especially has the value of promotion and application.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实验平台框架图。Fig. 1 is the frame diagram of the experiment platform of the present invention.
图2为每个实验模块的实现图。Figure 2 is the implementation diagram of each experimental module.
图3为声波在工件中传播可视化模块图。Fig. 3 is a visualization block diagram of sound waves propagating in workpieces.
图4为声波与反射体相互作用产生波形信号的函数模块图。Fig. 4 is a function block diagram of a waveform signal generated by the interaction of the sound wave and the reflector.
图5为鼠标控制虚拟的超声波探头移动的模块图。Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a mouse controlling the movement of a virtual ultrasonic probe.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明公开了利用LabVIEW软件开发的一套虚拟超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试实验平台，虚拟的超声波探伤仪(CTS-22型模拟仪和HS510数字仪)、虚拟的超声波探头(纵波直探头、横波斜探头和表面波斜探头探头)和虚拟的试块(标准试块、参考试块和模拟试块)性能指标和功能指标与其真实的硬件相同，用鼠标可对所述虚拟硬件的功能和状态(符合真实实验)进行控制，虚拟硬件之间按超声波传播规律对应和关联，该实验平台虚拟的超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试实验过程与实际实验过程一致。The invention discloses a set of virtual ultrasonic flaw detector and probe performance testing experiment platform developed by LabVIEW software, virtual ultrasonic flaw detector (CTS-22 analog instrument and HS510 digital instrument), virtual ultrasonic probe (longitudinal wave straight probe, transverse wave Angle probe and surface wave angle probe) and virtual test blocks (standard test block, reference test block and simulated test block) performance index and function index are the same as the real hardware, and the function and state of the virtual hardware can be checked with the mouse (in line with the real experiment) for control, the virtual hardware corresponds and correlates according to the law of ultrasonic propagation, and the experimental process of the virtual ultrasonic flaw detector and probe performance test of the experimental platform is consistent with the actual experimental process.
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步说明，但不限定本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited.
一.整个实验平台的构架(参见图1)1. The structure of the whole experimental platform (see Figure 1)
包括用于实验训练所需的虚拟硬件和模块软件。其中：虚拟硬件主要由虚拟的A型超声波探伤仪、虚拟的超声波探头与虚拟的试块构成，虚拟的超声波探头由鼠标控制在虚拟试块上移动，当声波遇到反射体时虚拟的超声波探头便激发一个仿真信号通过数据通道传到虚拟超声波探伤仪上显示出来；各虚拟硬件的性能指标和功能指标与真实硬件相同。模块软件主要由鼠标控制的对所述虚拟硬件的相互关联的多种组合，并以可视化表现的依据超声波探伤仪与探头综合性能测试要求所设计的系列实验。Including virtual hardware and module software required for experimental training. Among them: the virtual hardware is mainly composed of a virtual A-type ultrasonic flaw detector, a virtual ultrasonic probe and a virtual test block. The virtual ultrasonic probe is controlled by the mouse to move on the virtual test block. When the sound wave encounters a reflector, the virtual ultrasonic probe Then a simulation signal is stimulated to be transmitted to the virtual ultrasonic flaw detector through the data channel for display; the performance index and function index of each virtual hardware are the same as the real hardware. The module software is mainly controlled by the mouse, which is a variety of interrelated combinations of the virtual hardware, and a series of experiments designed based on the comprehensive performance testing requirements of ultrasonic flaw detectors and probes in a visual representation.
所述的模块软件主要依据“超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试”的系列实验要求设计编程，实现了用鼠标对所述虚拟硬件的功能和状态(符合真实实验)的控制和调整，可视化表现了虚拟硬件之间关联的对应关系(符合超声波传播规律)。The module software is mainly designed and programmed according to the series of experimental requirements of "ultrasonic flaw detector and probe performance test", and realizes the control and adjustment of the function and state of the virtual hardware (in line with the real experiment) with the mouse, and visualizes the virtual The corresponding relationship between the hardware (in line with the law of ultrasonic propagation).
所述的虚拟A型超声波探伤仪包括设有虚拟旋扭的CTS-22型模拟探伤仪和设有虚拟按键的HS510型数字探伤仪，它们分别用鼠标控制，其中，用鼠标控制虚拟旋扭来调整虚拟CTS-22型模拟探伤仪状态，用鼠标控制虚拟按键来调整虚拟HS510数字仪状态。The virtual A-type ultrasonic flaw detector includes a CTS-22 analog flaw detector with virtual knobs and a HS510 digital flaw detector with virtual buttons, which are controlled by the mouse respectively, wherein the virtual knob is controlled by the mouse to Adjust the state of the virtual CTS-22 analog flaw detector, and use the mouse to control the virtual keys to adjust the state of the virtual HS510 digital instrument.
所述的虚拟的超声波探头包括虚拟的纵波直探头、横波斜探头和表面波斜探头，实验过程中它们的移动和扫查由鼠标控制，并将不同种类探头发射出的不同声波在工件中的传播过程呈现于受训者。其中：虚拟的直探头可做纵波扫描比例调节、垂直线性测试、水平线性测试、盲区测定、分辨力测定、灵敏度余量测定的实验。虚拟的横波斜探头做探头的入射点和K值测定、横波扫描比例调节的实验。虚拟的表面波斜探头可做表面波扫描比例调的实验。The virtual ultrasonic probes include virtual longitudinal wave straight probes, shear wave oblique probes and surface wave oblique probes. During the experiment, their movement and scanning are controlled by the mouse, and different sound waves emitted by different types of probes are placed in the workpiece. The propagation process is presented to the trainee. Among them: the virtual straight probe can be used for the experiments of longitudinal wave scanning ratio adjustment, vertical linearity test, horizontal linearity test, blind zone measurement, resolution measurement and sensitivity margin measurement. The virtual shear wave oblique probe is used for the experiment of measuring the incident point and K value of the probe, and adjusting the ratio of shear wave scanning. The virtual surface wave oblique probe can be used for the experiment of surface wave scanning proportional adjustment.
所述的实验平台虚拟的探伤试块包括虚拟的超声波探伤标准试块、参考试块和模拟试块，不同试块含有不同反射体和反射界面，满足所述实验平台中系列实验的要求。The virtual flaw detection test blocks of the experimental platform include virtual ultrasonic flaw detection standard test blocks, reference test blocks and simulation test blocks. Different test blocks contain different reflectors and reflection interfaces, which meet the requirements of series experiments in the experimental platform.
二.虚拟硬件的构建2. Construction of virtual hardware
虚拟超声探伤仪(CTS-22型模拟仪和HS510数字仪)主要由一个虚拟波形显示器，若干个具有不同功能(如增益、衰减、脉冲位移、扫描量程等)的虚拟旋钮或按键组成；旋钮(按键)功能的实现主要是通过对数据通道里的波形信号进行数学处理实现的。虚拟的超声波探头(纵波直探头、横波斜探头和表面波斜探头探头)主要是由超声波探头的图片和探头传输波形信号的数据通道构成。虚拟的试块(标准试块、参考试块和模拟试块)主要是由试块图片构成的。The virtual ultrasonic flaw detector (CTS-22 analog instrument and HS510 digital instrument) is mainly composed of a virtual waveform display and several virtual knobs or buttons with different functions (such as gain, attenuation, pulse displacement, scanning range, etc.); the knob ( button) function is mainly realized by mathematically processing the waveform signal in the data channel. Virtual ultrasonic probes (straight longitudinal wave probes, oblique shear wave probes and oblique surface wave probes) are mainly composed of images of ultrasonic probes and data channels through which the probes transmit waveform signals. Virtual test blocks (standard test block, reference test block and simulation test block) are mainly composed of test block pictures.
二.每个实验模块的结构2. Structure of each experimental module
每个实验的主体结构都是由两部分构成的，如图2所示：声波在工件中传播过程的可视化的模块和声波与反射体相互作用产生波形信号的函数模块。鼠标的坐标作为参数使声波在工件中传播过程的可视化模块中控制波束的形状、长度和位置，并控制虚拟的超声波探头对仿真信号的激发。每个实验的内容都是根据实际的超声波探伤仪与探头性能测试实验步骤编辑的，设置了不同的虚拟的超声波探头和工件，以及不同的操作提示和操作按扭。The main structure of each experiment is composed of two parts, as shown in Figure 2: the visualization module of the propagation process of the sound wave in the workpiece and the function module of the interaction between the sound wave and the reflector to generate the waveform signal. The coordinates of the mouse are used as parameters to control the shape, length and position of the beam in the visualization module of the sound wave propagation process in the workpiece, and control the excitation of the virtual ultrasonic probe to the simulation signal. The content of each experiment is edited according to the actual experimental steps of ultrasonic flaw detector and probe performance test, and different virtual ultrasonic probes and workpieces are set, as well as different operation prompts and operation buttons.
三.声波在工件中传播可视化模块的结构3. The structure of the visualization module of sound waves propagating in the workpiece
如图3所示：通过在虚拟试块绘制弧实现声束在试块中的可视化，绘制弧中的参数值(长度和角度)由声束可视化与反射体的函数决定。利用鼠标属性得到鼠标的坐标，然后利用鼠标的坐标编辑出声束可视化与反射体的函数，此函数中鼠标的坐标为自变量，声束的长度和角度为函数值，函数关系式是根据声波在试块中的传播规律编辑的。声波在试块中的传播规律是：声波沿直线传播，在反射面进行镜面反射即反射角等于入射角；直探头激发出的声波在试块中的传播速度在5900m/s，斜探头激发出的声波在试块中的传播速度在3200m/s。As shown in Figure 3: the visualization of the sound beam in the test block is realized by drawing an arc on the virtual test block, and the parameter values (length and angle) in the drawn arc are determined by the function of the sound beam visualization and the reflector. Use the mouse properties to get the coordinates of the mouse, and then use the coordinates of the mouse to edit the function of the sound beam visualization and reflector. In this function, the coordinates of the mouse are the independent variables, the length and angle of the sound beam are the function values, and the functional relationship is based on the sound wave Propagation laws in test blocks edited. The propagation law of the sound wave in the test block is: the sound wave propagates along a straight line, and the mirror reflection is performed on the reflecting surface, that is, the reflection angle is equal to the incident angle; The propagation speed of the sound wave in the test block is 3200m/s.
四.声波与反射体相互作用产生波形信号的函数模块4. The function module of the interaction between the sound wave and the reflector to generate the waveform signal
如图4所示：编辑声波与反射体相互作用产生回波信号函数，当声束遇见反射体时，虚拟的超声波探头便激发出一个仿真波形信号，波形信号通过数据通道传输到虚拟探伤仪上显示出来。虚拟的超声波探头的坐标作为此函数的变量，函数值为波形信号的波幅和波形，函数关系式是根据声波在试块中的传播规律(波幅与声程成反比，与缺陷反射面大小成正比)得到的。As shown in Figure 4: Edit the function of the echo signal generated by the interaction between the sound wave and the reflector. When the sound beam meets the reflector, the virtual ultrasonic probe will stimulate a simulated waveform signal, and the waveform signal will be transmitted to the virtual flaw detector through the data channel. display. The coordinates of the virtual ultrasonic probe are used as variables of this function, and the function value is the amplitude and waveform of the waveform signal. The functional relationship is based on the propagation law of the sound wave in the test block (the amplitude is inversely proportional to the sound path, and proportional to the size of the defect reflection surface )owned.
五.鼠标控制虚拟的超声波探头移动的模块的结构5. The structure of the module that the mouse controls the movement of the virtual ultrasonic probe
如图5所示：将试块图片的位置与鼠标的坐标通过加法运算来控制虚拟的超声波探头图片的位置，从而实现用鼠标移动虚拟的超声波探头的功能。首先利用属性节点中的试块图片位置得到图片的坐标，然后利用属性节点中的鼠标特性得到鼠标的坐标，将两个坐标进行加法得出的结果赋予为虚拟的超声波探头图片的坐标，因为试块的坐标保持不变，当鼠标移动时虚拟的超声波探头的坐标也随之改变，从而实现了鼠标控制虚拟的超声波探头移动的功能。As shown in Figure 5: the position of the test block picture and the coordinates of the mouse are added to control the position of the virtual ultrasonic probe picture, thereby realizing the function of moving the virtual ultrasonic probe with the mouse. First, use the position of the test block picture in the property node to get the coordinates of the picture, then use the mouse property in the property node to get the coordinates of the mouse, and add the two coordinates to the result obtained as the coordinates of the virtual ultrasonic probe picture, because the test The coordinates of the block remain unchanged, and the coordinates of the virtual ultrasonic probe also change when the mouse moves, thereby realizing the function of the mouse controlling the movement of the virtual ultrasonic probe.
参考文献：references:
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3.Bucci G.Numerical method for transit time measurement in ultrasonic sensorapplications[J].IEEE transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement，1997，46(6)：1241-1246。3. Bucci G. Numerical method for transit time measurement in ultrasonic sensor applications [J]. IEEE transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1997, 46(6): 1241-1246.
4.张伟志，刚铁，王军；超声波检测计算机模拟和仿真的研究及应用现状[J]；应用声学，2003，(3)：39-44。4. Zhang Weizhi, Gang Tie, Wang Jun; Research and application status of computer simulation and simulation of ultrasonic testing [J]; Applied Acoustics, 2003, (3): 39-44.
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