CN101112293A - An Improved Electric Pressure Cooker - Google Patents
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Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种压力锅，特别涉及一种改进的电压力锅。The invention relates to a pressure cooker, in particular to an improved electric pressure cooker.
背景技术Background technique
目前，电压力锅由于其节能、快速、方便的优点，替代现有老式压力锅，成为家庭厨房日用家电品之一。现有市场上出售的电压力锅，在压力控制以及压力调节方面主要有三种类型。At present, the electric pressure cooker has replaced the existing old-fashioned pressure cooker due to its energy-saving, fast and convenient advantages, and has become one of the daily household appliances in the family kitchen. There are mainly three types of electric pressure cookers on the market in terms of pressure control and pressure regulation.
第一种类型，是在电压力锅外锅的底部设置一闪动开关，加热盘设置可触动闪动开关通断的触杆。利用内锅工作时随内部压力的变化而上下移动来触发或断开加热装置。当电压力锅工作时，锅内压力升高，加热盘向下位移，当锅内压力升到一定值后，加热盘向下移动带动触杆触动闪动开关，使闪动开关断开，加热装置停止工作；当压力下降后，加热盘向上位移，带动触杆离开闪动开关，闪动开关闭合，导通加热装置工作。以此来达到控制压力锅内部压力的目的。The first type is that a flashing switch is arranged at the bottom of the outer pot of the electric pressure cooker, and the heating plate is provided with a contact rod that can touch the on-off of the flashing switch. The heating device is triggered or disconnected by using the inner pot to move up and down with the change of internal pressure during operation. When the electric pressure cooker is working, the pressure in the pot rises, and the heating plate moves downward. When the pressure in the pot rises to a certain value, the heating plate moves down to drive the touch rod to touch the flashing switch, so that the flashing switch is disconnected, and the heating device Stop working; when the pressure drops, the heating plate moves upwards, driving the touch rod away from the flash switch, the flash switch is closed, and the heating device is turned on to work. In this way, the purpose of controlling the internal pressure of the pressure cooker is achieved.
如国家专利局公布的专利号为：91100026.7，授权公告日为1993年6月23日的发明专利中，公开了一种家用全密封自动电热压力烹饪器具。由直立柱上的刚性臂和弹性臂，将带有密封圈的锅盖和锅体压紧实现密封，给出了安全方便的全密封电烹锅弹性合开盖的合理结构。以弹性臂带动可调的闪动开关，来控制锅底与弹性臂之间的电热板的加热状态，实现电烹锅内压力的调整和自动控制，组成了全密封电烹锅的理想模型。The patent number announced by the National Patent Office is: 91100026.7, and the date of authorization announcement is in the invention patent on June 23, 1993, which discloses a kind of household fully sealed automatic electric heating pressure cooking utensil. The rigid arm and the elastic arm on the upright column press the pot cover and the pot body with the sealing ring to realize sealing, and provide a safe and convenient fully sealed electric cooking pot with a reasonable structure for elastically closing and opening the cover. The elastic arm drives the adjustable flashing switch to control the heating state of the electric heating plate between the bottom of the pot and the elastic arm, and realizes the adjustment and automatic control of the pressure inside the electric cooking pot, forming an ideal model of a fully sealed electric cooking pot.
又如国家专利局公布的专利号为：200420094674.4，授权公告日为2006年1月18日的实用新型专利中，公开了一种自动调压的电压力锅，包括锅盖、外壳、外锅、底座、发热盘、置于发热盘上的内锅、弹性体和压力开关，所述发热盘与外锅底部之间设有弹性体连接，发热盘上还设有弹性体变形可触动压力开关的推动杆，所述弹性体设有与发热盘连接的承面，以及支撑在外锅底部上的弹性支脚，所述发热盘与外锅底部之间设有至少一对所述的弹性体。利用电压力锅工作时的压力变化，加热盘上下移动，带动推动杆来触发压力开关，控制压力锅的工作。Another example is that the patent No. published by the State Patent Office is: 200420094674.4, and the date of authorization announcement is in the utility model patent on January 18, 2006, which discloses a kind of electric pressure cooker with automatic pressure regulation, including a pot cover, a shell, an outer pot, and a base , a heating plate, an inner pot placed on the heating plate, an elastic body and a pressure switch, an elastic body connection is provided between the heating plate and the bottom of the outer pot, and the heating plate is also provided with an elastic body deformation that can touch the push of the pressure switch Rod, the elastic body is provided with a bearing surface connected with the heating plate, and elastic feet supported on the bottom of the outer pot, at least one pair of elastic bodies is provided between the heating plate and the bottom of the outer pot. Using the pressure change when the electric pressure cooker is working, the heating plate moves up and down, drives the push rod to trigger the pressure switch, and controls the work of the pressure cooker.
该类型的电压力锅存在的问题是压力不可调节，为一固定的压力值。当烹饪不同的食物时，只能通过设定时间的长短来实现。而不同的食物常需要不同的压力值以实现最佳的烹调效果。如牛肉，排骨或粥的最佳烹饪压力值就不同。如只通过调节时间长短来烹饪食物，烹饪出的食物在口感以及保留的营养成分方面较差。The problem with this type of electric pressure cooker is that the pressure cannot be adjusted and is a fixed pressure value. When cooking different foods, it can only be achieved by setting the length of time. Different foods often require different pressure values to achieve the best cooking results. For example, beef, ribs or porridge have different optimal cooking pressure values. If the food is only cooked by adjusting the length of time, the cooked food will be poor in taste and retained nutrients.
第二种类型，是在电压力锅的锅盖内部，对应于内锅的上方设置温度传感器或压力传感器，来感知锅内的温度变化或压力变化，并将信号输入至电路进行检测控制。当锅内压力达到设定压力时停止工作，压力回落时重新启动工作。The second type is to install a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor inside the lid of the electric pressure cooker corresponding to the top of the inner pot to sense the temperature change or pressure change in the pot, and input the signal to the circuit for detection and control. When the pressure in the pot reaches the set pressure, it will stop working, and it will restart when the pressure drops.
该方案中，压力传感器或温度传感器必须与内锅的空腔直接接触，以感知内锅中的压力或温度。这样就使安装位置十分有限，由于内锅需要经常取出清洗，电线的连接，信号的传输也存在问题，故无法直接设置于内锅中。一般都安装于锅盖上。当内锅煮粥或烹饪其他食物时，大量的泡沫或细小的硬物会淹没或损坏传感器，影响传感器的感应灵敏度，使传感器无法正常工作。In this solution, the pressure sensor or temperature sensor must be in direct contact with the cavity of the inner pot to sense the pressure or temperature in the inner pot. This makes the installation location very limited, because the inner pot needs to be taken out frequently for cleaning, and there are also problems in the connection of electric wires and signal transmission, so it cannot be directly arranged in the inner pot. Usually installed on the pot cover. When cooking porridge or other food in the inner pot, a large amount of foam or small hard objects will flood or damage the sensor, which will affect the sensing sensitivity of the sensor and make the sensor unable to work normally.
对于使用温度传感器的方案，需要先采集锅内温度，在将相应的温度转换为与该温度值对应的压力值，这种转换有经过实验得出的一个一般意义下的转换表，见下表：For the scheme using a temperature sensor, it is necessary to collect the temperature in the pot first, and then convert the corresponding temperature into a pressure value corresponding to the temperature value. This conversion has a conversion table in a general sense obtained through experiments, as shown in the table below. :
通过大量实验，温度与压力有一定的对应关系，从附表可以看出当水的温度超过100℃，温度每增加1度，压力增加5kPa。Through a large number of experiments, there is a certain relationship between temperature and pressure. It can be seen from the attached table that when the temperature of water exceeds 100°C, the pressure will increase by 5kPa for every 1°C increase in temperature.
注：环境温度为25℃，1个标准大气压，Note: The ambient temperature is 25°C, 1 standard atmospheric pressure,
表中所指出的温度与压力的转换是在环境温度为25度，且环境压力为1个标准大气压下通过大量实验得出的。当环境温度发生改变，或环境大气压力由于地势的不同而不是一个标准大气压时，这个对应转换表是不准确的。此外，对于温度传感器，由于食物的重量、密度、所含有的成分不同，对于温度的要求也不尽相同。也会影响到温度与压力的转换。所以温度对应的压力值在不同的环境温度、环境大气压力以及食物下是不完全相同的。直接导致的结果就是检测出现误差，精度和灵敏性大幅度下降。进而影响压力的有效控制。一旦压力的检测和控制失去准确性，就会增大电压力锅使用的危险系数，对于用户来说是不安全的。The conversion of temperature and pressure indicated in the table is obtained through a large number of experiments when the ambient temperature is 25 degrees and the ambient pressure is 1 standard atmospheric pressure. When the ambient temperature changes, or the ambient atmospheric pressure is not a standard atmospheric pressure due to the difference in terrain, the corresponding conversion table is inaccurate. In addition, for temperature sensors, due to the weight, density, and ingredients of food, the requirements for temperature are also different. It also affects the conversion of temperature and pressure. Therefore, the pressure value corresponding to the temperature is not exactly the same under different ambient temperature, ambient atmospheric pressure and food. The direct result is that there are errors in the detection, and the accuracy and sensitivity are greatly reduced. And then affect the effective control of pressure. Once the detection and control of pressure loses accuracy, the risk factor of using the electric pressure cooker will be increased, which is unsafe for users.
另外，采用压力或温度传感器的制造成本偏高，不利于电压力锅的推广。In addition, the manufacturing cost of adopting pressure or temperature sensors is relatively high, which is not conducive to the popularization of electric pressure cookers.
第三种类型，是在电压力锅内部设置电感线圈，利用内锅受压力变化产生的位移来改变电感线圈的电感值，并提取改变的电感值，进行判断处理，以此来控制压力锅的压力。The third type is to install an inductance coil inside the electric pressure cooker, use the displacement of the inner pot to change the inductance value of the inductance coil, and extract the changed inductance value for judgment processing, so as to control the pressure of the pressure cooker.
该方案大多是在外锅下方设置一电感线圈，在内锅底部或加热盘下部设置一触杆。当电压力锅内锅压力变化时，内锅或加热盘上下移动，带动触杆伸入或伸出电感线圈，以此来改变电感值，根据改变的电感值进行判断处理，控制电压力锅工作。Most of the schemes are to arrange an inductance coil under the outer pot, and set a contact rod at the bottom of the inner pot or the bottom of the heating plate. When the pressure of the inner pot of the electric pressure cooker changes, the inner pot or the heating plate moves up and down, driving the contact rod to extend into or out of the inductance coil, so as to change the inductance value, judge and process according to the changed inductance value, and control the operation of the electric pressure cooker.
由于电感线圈自身的特性不稳定，易受到温度、电磁等外部环境的干扰，对于锅内压力的检测容易存在误差，进一步影响压力控制的稳定性。而电压力锅压力的检测一旦出现偏差，不稳定，易受环境因素的干扰，很容易出现压力锅实际工作压力已经很大，而检测到的压力由于稳定性差等原因偏小的情况，会造成暴锅的危险，对用户来说，是非常危险的。所以，对于该类方案来说，提高稳定性和抗温度、电磁等外部环境因素的干扰能力是十分重要的，这直接关系到电压力锅的使用安全，和用户的安全。Due to the unstable characteristics of the inductance coil itself, it is easy to be interfered by the external environment such as temperature and electromagnetic, and it is easy to have errors in the detection of the pressure in the pot, which further affects the stability of the pressure control. However, once the detection of the pressure of the electric pressure cooker is deviated, unstable, and easily disturbed by environmental factors, it is easy to appear that the actual working pressure of the pressure cooker is already very high, while the detected pressure is too small due to poor stability and other reasons, which will cause a violent cooker. The danger is very dangerous for users. Therefore, for this type of scheme, it is very important to improve the stability and anti-interference ability of external environmental factors such as temperature and electromagnetic, which is directly related to the safety of the electric pressure cooker and the safety of users.
除此以外，采用电感线圈的成本也较高。In addition, the cost of using an inductance coil is also relatively high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种改进的压力锅。实现了压力的实时检测和控制，压力连续可调，在烹饪的过程中可以根据不同食物的情况来选择不同的压力或工作时间。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an improved pressure cooker. The real-time detection and control of the pressure is realized, the pressure is continuously adjustable, and different pressures or working hours can be selected according to the situation of different foods during the cooking process.
本发明采用的主要技术方案为：一种改进的电压力锅，包括外锅、放置于所述外锅中的内锅、封闭内锅的密封装置、与所述内锅相配合用于加热所述内锅的电加热装置、安全装置，以及控制所述电加热装置工作的控制电路，所述外锅的锅底为弹性板，所述控制电路包括电容传感器，信号处理电路和信号控制输出电路；所述电容传感器包括第一极板、第二极板，所述第一极板和第二极板上分别设有信号采集端；所述信号采集端与所述信号处理电路的信号接收端连接；所述电容传感器与所述电压力锅相配合，感应电压力锅受压力变化产生的位移变化，并将该位移变化转换为电容量的变化信号输入至所述信号处理电路；所述信号处理电路的信号输出端与所述信号控制输出电路的信号接收端连接，所述信号处理电路将接收到的电容量信号进行处理，并将处理后的信号输出至所述信号控制输出电路；所述信号控制输出电路根据接收到的所述处理信号来控制电路，以此控制所述电加热装置的工作。The main technical solution adopted in the present invention is: an improved electric pressure cooker, comprising an outer pot, an inner pot placed in the outer pot, a sealing device for sealing the inner pot, and a The electric heating device of the inner pot, the safety device, and the control circuit for controlling the operation of the electric heating device, the bottom of the outer pot is an elastic plate, and the control circuit includes a capacitance sensor, a signal processing circuit and a signal control output circuit; The capacitive sensor includes a first pole plate and a second pole plate, and the first pole plate and the second pole plate are respectively provided with a signal acquisition end; the signal acquisition end is connected to the signal receiving end of the signal processing circuit The capacitance sensor cooperates with the electric pressure cooker to sense the displacement change of the electric pressure cooker due to the pressure change, and convert the displacement change into a capacitance change signal and input it to the signal processing circuit; the signal processing circuit The signal output end is connected to the signal receiving end of the signal control output circuit, the signal processing circuit processes the received capacitance signal, and outputs the processed signal to the signal control output circuit; the signal control The output circuit controls the circuit according to the received processing signal, so as to control the operation of the electric heating device.
本发明还包括如下附属技术方案：所述控制电路还包括与电容传感器电容值受温度和电磁干扰同时变化电容值的补偿电容；The present invention also includes the following subsidiary technical solutions: the control circuit also includes a compensation capacitor that changes the capacitance value simultaneously with the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor due to temperature and electromagnetic interference;
所述补偿电容包括二个极板，其中一个极板为所述电容传感器的第一极板或第二极板；The compensation capacitance includes two pole plates, one of which is the first pole plate or the second pole plate of the capacitive sensor;
所述第一极板与第二极板相对应，所述内锅受压力变化产生位移变化，并由此直接或间接的带动所述第一极板相对于所述第二极板相向或背向移动，减少或增加与第二极板之间的距离，以此产生变化的电容量信号；The first pole plate corresponds to the second pole plate, and the displacement of the inner pot changes when the pressure changes, and thus directly or indirectly drives the first pole plate to face or face the second pole plate To move, reduce or increase the distance with the second plate, so as to generate a changing capacitance signal;
所述外锅的锅底与所述第一极板之间设置一位移传递件，所述内锅受压力变化产生位移变化，带动所述电加热装置、外锅的锅底移动，通过所述位移传递件带动第一极板移动，所述第二极板通过一支架安装于所述外锅的侧壁上；A displacement transmission member is arranged between the bottom of the outer pot and the first pole plate, and the displacement of the inner pot changes due to pressure changes, which drives the electric heating device and the bottom of the outer pot to move, and passes through the The displacement transmission member drives the first pole plate to move, and the second pole plate is mounted on the side wall of the outer pot through a bracket;
所述位移传递件为一螺杆，所述外锅的锅底和/或第一极板上设有与所述螺杆相对应的螺纹孔，所述第一极板通过所述螺杆与所述外锅的锅底螺纹连接；The displacement transmission member is a screw, and the bottom of the outer pot and/or the first pole plate are provided with threaded holes corresponding to the screw, and the first pole plate is connected to the outer pan through the screw. The bottom of the pot is threaded;
所述位移传递件为一顶杆，在所述第一极板与第二极板之间设有可驱动第一极板移动的弹性体，所述顶杆的一端连接于所述外锅的锅底或第一极板，另一端贴于第一极板或外锅的锅底；The displacement transmission member is a push rod, and an elastic body that can drive the first pole plate to move is provided between the first pole plate and the second pole plate. One end of the push rod is connected to the outer pot The bottom of the pot or the first pole plate, and the other end is attached to the bottom of the first pole plate or the outer pot;
所述位移传递件与所述第一极板之间设置一杠杆装置，所述位移传递件带动所述杠杆装置的短臂端，长臂端带动所述第一极板；A lever device is arranged between the displacement transmission part and the first pole plate, the displacement transmission part drives the short arm end of the lever device, and the long arm end drives the first pole plate;
在所述外锅的下方设置所述第一极板与第二极板，所述第一极板与第二极板位于同一平面上，分别与外锅的锅底相对应，所述外锅的锅底由内锅位移的变化而产生移动，并由此改变第一极板与第二极板产生的电场介质；The first pole plate and the second pole plate are arranged below the outer pot, the first pole plate and the second pole plate are located on the same plane, corresponding to the bottom of the outer pot respectively, and the outer pot The bottom of the pot is moved by the change of the displacement of the inner pot, and thus changes the electric field medium generated by the first pole plate and the second pole plate;
所述第一极板与第二极板相对应，所述内锅受压力变化产生位移变化，并由此直接或间接的带动所述第一极板和/或第二极板运动，改变第一极板与第二极板之间的有效对应面积，以此产生变化的电容量信号；The first pole plate corresponds to the second pole plate, and the displacement of the inner pot changes due to the change of pressure, and thus directly or indirectly drives the movement of the first pole plate and/or the second pole plate to change the displacement of the first pole plate and/or the second pole plate. The effective corresponding area between the first plate and the second plate, so as to generate the changing capacitance signal;
所述外锅的锅底与所述第一极板之间设置一位移导杆，所述位移导杆的两端分别与所述外锅的锅底和/或第一极板相连接，所述内锅受压力变化产生位移变化，带动所述外锅的锅底移动，所述外锅的锅底通过所述位移导杆带动第一极板移动，所述第二极板通过一支架安装于所述外锅的侧壁上；A displacement guide rod is arranged between the bottom of the outer pot and the first pole plate, and the two ends of the displacement guide rod are respectively connected with the bottom of the outer pot and/or the first pole plate, so that The displacement of the inner pot is changed by the change of pressure, which drives the bottom of the outer pot to move, the bottom of the outer pot drives the first pole plate to move through the displacement guide rod, and the second pole plate is installed by a bracket on the side wall of the outer pot;
所述位移导杆与所述第一极板之间设置一杠杆装置，所述位移导杆带动所述杠杆装置的短臂端，长臂端带动所述的第一极板。A lever device is arranged between the displacement guide rod and the first pole plate, the displacement guide rod drives the short arm end of the lever device, and the long arm end drives the first pole plate.
采用本发明带来的有益效果：Adopt the beneficial effect that the present invention brings:
(1)本发明采用电容传感器，利用外锅锅底受压力的变化产生位移，采集变化的电容值，并对电容值进行判断处理，控制电压力锅的工作。本发明采用的电容传感器实现了电容值随压力的变化而实时变化，并根据实时变化的电容值来设定基准比较电容值，以此来判断压力是否超过用户所设定的压力值。用户在设定基准比较电容值时可根据实际烹饪的食物情况，实时的调整压力值的范围以及工作时间，利用现有成熟的CPU控制技术，可以对压力、温度、时间等多参数信息进行检测并实现控制，甚至做成类似电磁炉“一键通”式的控制机构，将不同食物对应的，实现了压力值的连续可调。对于不同的食物设定不同的压力，更好的保证了食物的口味以及营养成分。(1) The present invention adopts the capacitive sensor, utilizes the change of the pressure on the bottom of the outer pot to generate displacement, collects the changed capacitance value, and judges the capacitance value to control the work of the electric pressure cooker. The capacitive sensor adopted in the present invention realizes the real-time change of the capacitance value with the change of the pressure, and sets the benchmark comparison capacitance value according to the real-time changing capacitance value, so as to judge whether the pressure exceeds the pressure value set by the user. When setting the baseline and comparing the capacitance value, the user can adjust the range of the pressure value and the working time in real time according to the actual cooking conditions, and use the existing mature CPU control technology to detect multi-parameter information such as pressure, temperature, and time. And realize the control, and even make it into a "one-touch" control mechanism similar to the induction cooker, which corresponds to different foods and realizes the continuous adjustment of the pressure value. Different pressures are set for different foods to better ensure the taste and nutritional content of the food.
(2)电容传感器稳定性好，电容值信号可靠，感应精度高。由此带来电压力锅的控制更准确，精度更高。(2) Capacitance sensor has good stability, reliable capacitance value signal and high sensing precision. As a result, the control of the electric pressure cooker is more accurate and the precision is higher.
(3)本发明的电容传感器的极板与外锅连接，利用外锅的锅底受压力的变化产生的位移来形成电容变化值。将位移转换为电容值来检测锅内的压力，无需象压力传感器或温度传感器设置于内锅中。检测可靠，利于提取信号。并且不会受到内锅中烹饪食物的干扰。(3) The pole plate of the capacitive sensor of the present invention is connected with the outer pot, and the capacitance change value is formed by utilizing the displacement generated by the change of pressure at the bottom of the outer pot. The displacement is converted into a capacitance value to detect the pressure in the pot, without being arranged in the inner pot like a pressure sensor or a temperature sensor. The detection is reliable and it is beneficial to extract the signal. And will not be disturbed by the food cooking in the inner pot.
(4)本发明在电容传感器的基础上设置了补偿电容，补偿电容可以实时感应由于温度、电磁干扰等因素产生的电容变化，通过电路处理计算，可以补偿修正电容传感器的测量值，使通过处理计算的测量值更准确的反映位移的变化，受环境因素的影响更少，提高了压力控制的准确性和稳定性。(4) The present invention is provided with compensating capacitor on the basis of capacitive sensor, and compensating capacitor can sense the capacitance variation that factors such as temperature, electromagnetic interference produce in real time, through circuit processing calculation, can compensate and correct the measured value of capacitive sensor, make through processing The calculated measurement value more accurately reflects the change of displacement, is less affected by environmental factors, and improves the accuracy and stability of pressure control.
(5)本发明在电容传感器的极板外锅锅底之间设置杠杆装置，利用杠杆的放大原理来驱动电容传感器极板间的距离；或者将电容传感器的极板设置多层增加极板的面积，来成倍放大电容值，提高检测的灵敏度。(5) the present invention arranges lever device between the pole plate outer pot pan bottom of capacitive sensor, utilizes the amplification principle of lever to drive the distance between capacitive sensor polar plates; Perhaps the polar plate of capacitive sensor is set multi-layer to increase the pole plate Area, to double the capacitance value, improve the detection sensitivity.
(6)电容传感器的成本低廉，结构简单，易于批量生产。(6) The cost of the capacitive sensor is low, the structure is simple, and it is easy to produce in batches.
(7)本发明的电容传感器的极板与加热盘采用螺杆连接，可以通过调节螺杆来控制极板间的距离实现电容传感器极板间距离的微调。提高电容传感器的灵敏度和精度。(7) The polar plate of the capacitive sensor of the present invention is connected with the heating plate by a screw, and the distance between the polar plates can be controlled by adjusting the screw to realize the fine adjustment of the distance between the capacitive sensor polar plates. Improve the sensitivity and accuracy of capacitive sensors.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明第一实施例的整体剖示图；示出外锅锅底驱动电容传感器极板改变极板间距离，电容传感器与补偿电容为复合形式的技术方案；Fig. 1 is the overall sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention; Show the outer pot pan bottom to drive the capacitive sensor polar plate to change the distance between the polar plates, and the capacitive sensor and the compensating capacitance are the technical scheme of composite form;
图2、图3分别为本发明第二实施例的两个整体剖示图，分别示出两种实现结构；示出外锅锅底驱动电容传感器极板改变极板间距离，电容传感器和补偿电容设于支架上，电容传感器与补偿电容为复合形式的技术方案；Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are two overall sectional views of the second embodiment of the present invention respectively, show two kinds of realization structures respectively; Set on the bracket, the capacitive sensor and the compensation capacitor are a composite technical solution;
图4为本发明第三实施例的整体剖示图；示出外锅锅底驱动电容传感器极板改变极板间距离，电容传感器与补偿电容单独设置的技术方案；Fig. 4 is the overall sectional view of the third embodiment of the present invention; Show the technical scheme that the capacitive sensor polar plate driven by the bottom of the outer pot changes the distance between the polar plates, and the capacitive sensor and the compensation capacitor are separately arranged;
图5为本发明第四实施例的整体剖示图；示出外锅锅底通过杠杆机构驱动电容传感器极板改变极板间距离，电容传感器与补偿电容为复合形式的技术方案；Fig. 5 is the overall sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention; Show the technical scheme that the capacitive sensor pole plate is driven by the lever mechanism to change the distance between the pole plates at the bottom of the outer pot, and the capacitive sensor and the compensating capacitance are composite forms;
图6、图7分别为本发明第五实施例的两个整体剖示图，分别示出两种实现结构；示出外锅锅底驱动电容传感器极板改变极板间面积，电容传感器与补偿电容为复合形式的技术方案；Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are respectively two overall sectional views of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, show two kinds of realization structures respectively; A technical solution in the form of a composite;
图8为本发明第六实施例的整体剖示图；示出外锅锅底通过杠杆机构来驱动电容传感器极板改变极板间面积，电容传感器与补偿电容为复合形式的技术方案；8 is an overall sectional view of the sixth embodiment of the present invention; it shows that the bottom of the outer pot drives the capacitive sensor plate to change the area between the plates through a lever mechanism, and the capacitive sensor and the compensation capacitor are a technical solution in a composite form;
图9为本发明第七实施例的整体剖示图；示出外锅锅底通过上下弹性形变产生的位移来改变电容传感器两个极板间形成的电场介质的技术方案；Fig. 9 is the overall sectional view of the seventh embodiment of the present invention; shows the technical scheme of changing the electric field medium formed between the two plates of the capacitive sensor by the displacement generated by the upper and lower elastic deformation of the bottom of the outer pot;
图10为本发明电容传感器采用多组形式的结构剖示图；Fig. 10 is a structural cross-sectional view of the multi-group form of the capacitive sensor of the present invention;
图11为本发明锅盖的仰视图；Fig. 11 is the bottom view of the pot cover of the present invention;
图12为图11的A-A剖示图，示出限压阀的结构；Figure 12 is a sectional view of A-A of Figure 11, showing the structure of the pressure limiting valve;
图13为本发明控制电路的电路方框图；Fig. 13 is the circuit block diagram of control circuit of the present invention;
图14为图13的具体电路图；Fig. 14 is the concrete circuit diagram of Fig. 13;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
图中部件名称对应的标号如下：The labels corresponding to the names of the components in the figure are as follows:
外锅1、内锅2、密封装置3、电加热装置4、安全装置6、控制电路板7、电容传感器8、第一极板81、第二极板82、补偿电容9、第一极板91、第二极板92、位移传递件10、弹性体11、支架12、杠杆装置13、位移导杆14、锅盖15、把手16、外壳17、压缩弹簧18；
如图1至图14所示，为本发明提供的一种改进的电压力锅，包括外锅1、放置于外锅1中的内锅2、封闭内锅2的密封装置3、与内锅2相配合用于加热内锅2的电加热装置4、安全装置6，以及控制电加热装置4工作的控制电路。控制电路包括电容传感器8，信号处理电路71和信号控制输出电路72。As shown in Figures 1 to 14, an improved electric pressure cooker provided by the present invention includes an
电容传感器8包括第一极板81、第二极板82。第一极板81和第二极板82上分别设有信号采集端。信号采集端与信号处理电路71的信号接收端连接。电容传感器8与电压力锅相配合，感应电压力锅受压力变化产生的位移变化，并将该位移变化转换为电容量的变化信号输入至信号处理电路71。信号处理电路71的信号输出端与信号控制输出电路72的信号接收端连接，信号处理电路71将接收到的电容量信号进行处理，并将处理后的信号输出至信号控制输出电路72。信号控制输出电路72根据接收到的处理信号来控制电路，以此控制电加热装置4的工作。The capacitive sensor 8 includes a first
在本发明中，控制电路还包括受温度和电磁干扰时电容值与电容传感器8的电容值同时发生、同时变化的补偿电容9。补偿电容9包括二个极板，其中一个极板为电容传感器的第一极板81或第二极板82。本发明在电容传感器的基础上设置了补偿电容9，补偿电容9可以实时感应由于温度、电磁干扰等因素产生的电容变化，通过电路处理计算，可以补偿修正电容传感器的测量值，使通过处理计算的测量值更准确的反映位移的变化，受环境因素的影响更少，提高了压力控制的准确性和稳定性。In the present invention, the control circuit also includes a compensation capacitor 9 whose capacitance value occurs and changes simultaneously with the capacitance value of the capacitance sensor 8 when subjected to temperature and electromagnetic interference. The compensation capacitor 9 includes two plates, one of which is the
电容传感器8的第一极板81与第二极板82相对应。内锅2受压力变化产生的移动变化，并由此直接或间接的带动第一极板81相对于第二极板82相向或背向移动，减少或增加与第二极板82之间的距离，以此产生变化的电容量信号。在本发明给出实施例中，内锅2受压力变化产生位移，并通过加热盘4推动与其贴合的外锅1的锅底，使外锅1的锅底弹性变形产生上下位移，进而间接的带动第一极板移动。The
外锅1与第一极板81之间设置一位移传递件10，内锅2受压力变化产生位移变化，带动电加热装置4移动，电加热装置4使外锅1的锅底产生弹性变形，产生位移，通过位移传递件10带动第一极板81移动。A
在本发明提供的各个实施例中，电加热装置4为铸铝加热盘，也可为电磁线圈组件，密封装置3为“人”字型密封圈，安全装置6包括如图5、图6中所示的限压阀或等同作用的结构。本发明所述的安全装置6起到的作用是当电压力锅工作，锅内压力达到危险压力值时，通过断电、泄气等方式来卸掉锅内压力防止爆锅危险。锅盖15的外圈通过锅牙卡扣结构与外锅1扣合，内圈通过人字型密封圈与内锅2相压合，密封内锅2。In each embodiment provided by the present invention, the
本发明专利涉及到的锅盖15与内锅2和外锅1之间的配合除了上述所说的“旋合式”以外，也可是“翻盖式”结构。The cooperation between the
在本发明提供的第一实施例中，如图1所示，内锅2与加热盘4紧密贴合，外锅1的锅底与加热盘4的底部贴合。外锅1的底部为弹性材料制成可产生一定弹性变形，产生位移量。在外锅1与外壳17之间、外壳17的底部设有电容传感器8和补偿电容9，在本方案中，电容传感器8与补偿电容9为复合形式，电容传感器8的第二极板82与补偿电容9的第二极板92同为一个极板。电容传感器8的第一极板81通过位移传递件10与外锅1的锅底连接。In the first embodiment provided by the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , the
在本实施例中，位移传递件10为连接杆。内锅2受压力上下移动，由与其紧密贴合的加热盘4驱动外锅1的锅底弹性变形产生向下位移，外锅1的锅底将上下的位移通过位移传递件10传递给第一极板81，带动第一极板81相对第二极板82移动，从而产生电容变化值，输入至控制电路板7。In this embodiment, the
在本发明提供的第二实施例中，位移传递件10为一螺杆，外锅1的锅底和/或第一极板81上设有与螺杆相对应的螺纹孔，第一极板81通过螺杆与外锅1的锅底相螺纹连接。In the second embodiment provided by the present invention, the
如图2所示，为实现本发明第二实施例的一个结构图。电容传感器8与补偿电容9为复合形式，制成一整体件，安装于壳体内。壳体上设有螺纹杆，与设置于外锅1的侧壁上的支架12螺纹连接。所谓复合形式，是指电容传感器8的第二极板82与补偿电容9的第二极板92同为一个极板，补偿电容的第二极板92与第一极板91是固定的，相互之间不发生间距上的变化。第一极板81与位移传递件10(即螺杆)的一端固定连接，外锅1的锅底相螺纹连接。外锅1的锅底受内锅2的上下移动产生弹性变形并通过位移传递件10带动第一极板81相对于第二极板82移动，以此产生电容变化值，输入至控制电路。补偿电路9用于补偿电容传感器受温度、电磁干扰产生的电容值信号的偏差。As shown in FIG. 2 , it is a structural diagram for realizing the second embodiment of the present invention. The capacitive sensor 8 and the compensating capacitor 9 are in composite form, made into an integral part, and installed in the casing. The shell is provided with a threaded rod, which is threadedly connected with the
在本实施例中，第一极板81与位移传递件10连接，位移传递件10的一端由于是与内锅1的锅底螺纹连接，在实际使用中，可以通过旋转位移传递件10(即螺杆)控制伸入螺纹孔的深度来微量的调整第一极板81与第二极板82间的初始距离，提高检测的精度。灵活性，应变性更好。In this embodiment, the
如图3所示，为实现本发明第二实施例的另一个结构图。将图2中相复合的电容传感器8与补偿电容9颠倒180度。此时位移传递件10可以视为安装相复合的电容传感器与补偿电容的壳体。而连接于支架12上则通过图2中的设于极板上的螺杆来实现。此时，位于壳体内上部的两个与壳体固定的极板分别为补偿电容9的第一极板91和电容传感器8的第一极板81，而且，第一极板81还与补偿电容9的第二极板92为同一极板。位于壳体下部的可活动的极板为电容传感器8的第二极板82。As shown in FIG. 3 , it is another structural diagram for realizing the second embodiment of the present invention. Invert the combined capacitive sensor 8 and compensation capacitor 9 by 180 degrees in FIG. 2 . At this time, the
在外锅1的锅底带动相复合的电容传感器8和补偿电容9的壳体上下移动时，补偿电容9的第一极板91和第二极板92同时上下移动，则相互之间是不移动的，而与补偿电容9的第二极板92共用一个极板的电容传感器8的第一极板81相对与第二极板82确是移动的，改变了它们之间的间距，产生电容变化值。在该方案中，优点主要在于螺纹微调的位置改在了外锅支架上，可操作空间增大，对于人员的调节更方便。When the bottom of the
位移传递件10为一顶杆，在第一极板81与第二极板82之间设有可驱动第一极板81移动的弹性体11，顶杆的一端连接于外锅1的底部或第一极板81，另一端贴于第一极板81或外锅1的底部。The
在本发明中，电容传感器8和补偿电容9即可通过L形支架12固定于外锅1的侧壁上，也可通过U形支架固定于外锅1的底部。In the present invention, the capacitive sensor 8 and the compensation capacitor 9 can be fixed on the side wall of the
在本发明提供的第三实施例中，如图4所示，补偿电容9为单独设置的。安装于外锅1的支架12上。弹性体11为S形弹片，弹性体11位于第一极板81与第二极板82之间。顶杆10的一端与电容传感器8中的第一极板81连接，另一端与外锅1的底部贴合。在工作时，外锅1向下移动，带动与其锅底贴合的顶杆10向下移动，顶杆10进而带动第一极板81向下移动，向下移动的第一极板81挤压S形弹片11，当外锅1的锅底向上移动时，受挤压的S形弹片11弹力复位，并向上顶靠第一极板81，第一极板81带动顶杆10继续保持与外锅1的底部的贴合，从而完成上下移动。并产生电容变化值信号，输入至控制电路板7，单独设置的补偿电容9补偿电容传感器8受温度、电磁干扰时出现的电容值的偏差。In the third embodiment provided by the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 , the compensation capacitor 9 is set separately. Installed on the
在该方案中，补偿电容9是单独设置在电压力锅内的。当然，在本发明给出的其他方案中，补偿电容9也可单独设置，与电容传感器8相独立。In this solution, the compensation capacitor 9 is separately arranged in the electric pressure cooker. Of course, in other solutions provided by the present invention, the compensation capacitor 9 can also be set separately, independent of the capacitance sensor 8 .
在本发明提供的第四实施中，如图5所示，电容传感器8与补偿电容9为复合形式，并安装于外锅1侧壁的支架12上，位移传递件10与第一极板81之间设置一杠杆装置13，位移传递件10的一端与加热盘4的底部连接，另一端与杠杆装置13的短臂端铰接，杠杆装置13的长臂端与第一极板81铰接。当外锅1的锅底产生形变，上下移动时，位移传递件10带动杠杆装置13的短壁端转动，短壁端通过杠杆带动长臂端转动，长臂端进而带动第一极板81上下移动。利用杠杆的放大原理来驱动电容传感器极板间的距离；成倍放大电容值，提高检测的灵敏度。In the fourth implementation provided by the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, the capacitive sensor 8 and the compensation capacitor 9 are in a composite form, and are installed on the
该方案利用了杠杆原理来成倍放大位移量。当然，如图10中所示的结构，也可将电容传感器的极板设置为多层，多组结构，以增加极板间的面积，同样能实现成倍放大电容值，提高检测的灵敏度。The scheme utilizes the principle of leverage to multiply the displacement. Of course, as shown in Figure 10, the plates of the capacitive sensor can also be arranged in a multi-layer, multi-group structure to increase the area between the plates, which can also double the capacitance value and improve the detection sensitivity.
在本发明提供的第五实施例中，第一极板81与第二极板82相对应，外锅1的锅底受压力变化产生产生上下位移的弹性变形，并由此直接或间接的带动第一极板81和/或第二极板82运动，改变第一极板81与第二极板82之间的有效对应面积，以此产生变化的电容量信号。In the fifth embodiment provided by the present invention, the
如图6所示，为实现本发明第五实施例的一个结构图。电容传感器8与补偿电容9为复合形式，并安装于外锅1侧壁的支架12上。电容传感器8与补偿电容9的各个极板与外锅1的底部之间相互垂直。外锅1的底部与第一极板81之间设置一位移导杆14，位移导杆14的两端分别与外锅1的锅底和第一极板81相连接，外锅1的锅底受压力变化产生弹性变形，产生位移变化，并通过位移导杆14带动第一极板81上下移动，改变第一极板81相对于第二极板82的有限对应面接，以此产生电容变化值信号，并输入至控制电路板7。As shown in FIG. 6, it is a structural diagram for realizing the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The capacitive sensor 8 and the compensation capacitor 9 are in a composite form, and are installed on the
如图7所示，为另一实现本发明第五实施例的结构图。在结构图中，位移导杆14的一端与外锅1的锅底螺纹连接，另一端贴合于电容传感器8的第一极板81的侧壁上，第一极板81的另一侧壁上抵靠一压缩弹簧18，压缩弹簧18的另一端固定于相复合的电容传感器8与补偿电容9的壳体内。当外锅1的锅底弹性变形向下移动时，带动位移导杆14下压与其相贴合的第一极板81，带动第一极板81向下移动，压缩压缩弹簧18，当外锅1的锅底复位向上移动时，压缩弹簧18复位，向上顶靠第一极板81，使第一极板81继续与移位导杆14相贴合，从而完成上下移动。以此产生电容变化值信号，并输入至控制电路板7中。As shown in FIG. 7 , it is another structural diagram for realizing the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the structural diagram, one end of the
在本发明给出的第六实施例中，如图8所示，位移导杆14与第一极板81之间设置一杠杆装置13，位移导杆14的一端与外锅1的底部连接，另一端与杠杆装置13的短臂端铰接，杠杆装置13的长臂端与第一极板81铰接。当加热盘4上下移动时，位移导杆14带动杠杆装置13的短壁端转动，短壁端通过杠杆带动长臂端转动，长臂端进而带动第一极板81上下移动。利用杠杆的放大原理来驱动电容传感器极板间的有效相对面积；成倍放大电容值，提高检测的灵敏度。In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, a
在本发明提供的第七实施例中，如图9所示，在外锅1锅底的下方设置第一极板81与第二极板82，第一极板81与第二极板82位于同一平面上，分别与外锅1的锅底相对应，外锅1的锅底受压力变化产生弹性变形产生位移，并由此改变第一极板81与第二极板82产生的电场介质，以此产生电容变化值，并输入至控制电路板7。In the seventh embodiment provided by the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9 , a
在本发明给出的各个实施例中的控制电路板7，如图13、图14所示，控制电路板7的控制电路包括信号处理电路71，信号控制输出电路72。信号处理电路71包括振荡电路711和微处理器712。信号控制输出电路72为继电器控制电路或可控硅电路。The
电容传感器8和补偿电容9将采集的电容值信号输入至信号处理电路71的振荡电路711中，输出一定频率的振荡信号至微处理器712中，该振荡信号在微处理器712中经过自适应算法调整后形成传感器的输出控制信号输出至继电器控制电路板72，继电器控制电路板72根据接收到的信号控制加热盘工作。在电压力锅工作时，控制电路板7持续进行检测，进一步控制电压力锅的工作，构成闭环控制系统。The capacitance sensor 8 and the compensation capacitor 9 input the collected capacitance value signal into the
当信号控制输出电路712采用可控硅电路时，则根据输入的信号来调整可控硅的导通角，由可控硅来实现调压和输出功率的调节，以控制加热盘4的加热功率逐渐减少直至断开电路或闭合电路逐渐增加加热盘4的加热功率。When the signal
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