Background technology
Melt blown non-woven is that the high polymer section is made its fusion by screw extruder, become its ejection fibrous through spinneret orifice, and under the winding-up of high speed thermal current, make it to be subjected to powerful stretching, form superfine staple fibre, these staple fibres are attracted on the lace curtaining, because fibre deposition still can keep higher temperature after becoming net, thereby make the inter-adhesive melt blown non-woven that becomes between fiber.It originates in early 1950s, at that time US Naval Research Laboratory under the subsidy of government, a kind of filtering material of developing in order to collect the radioactive particulate in the upper atmosphere with ultrafiltration effect.Through the successful finally invention of effort research group in a few years can be rated as a kind of technology of current melt blown non-woven technology pioneer, and in No. the 4364th, the report of the Naval Research Laboratories that publishes on May 25th, 1954, people such as Van A.Wente have delivered " manufacturing of ultra-fine organic fiber (Manufacture ofSupper Fine Organic Fiber) " literary composition, caused people's very big attention, this product is widely used for the filtration of particulate pollutant always.Subsequently, many companies melt-blowing nonwoven technology that begins one's study, middle 1960s, Exxon company begins the melt-blowing nonwoven technology is studied, and has successfully produced superfine fibre after 5 years.Some other company also succeeds in developing melt-blowing nonwoven technology separately, as the companies such as Asahi Chemical Industry, NKK of U.S. 3M, German Freudenberg, Japan.China as far back as 20th century the mid-1970s just begun the melt-blowing nonwoven Study on Technology by the Shanghai City Spinning Science Institute, only used for two years just tested polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric successfully.
Fiber is ultra-fine in the melt blown non-woven, fibre net homogeneity good, the fluffy softness of structure, superfine fibre random alignment in its fibre web, have filtering feature and a large amount of micro-pores preferably, be widely used at aspects such as filtering material, hygienic material, medical mask, insulation flocculus, battery diaphragm, oil absorption materials.
Because some particulates have specific function, particularly the technology of preparing along with ultra-fine even nano_scale particle develops, it is functional more and more obvious, many researchers are according to different needs, the functional particles that some are different adds in the melt-blowing nonwoven, to improve its characteristic or to give its new function.For example, Cheng Bowen etc. have invented the compound electret melt-blown not weaving fabric of superfine fiber of a kind of tourmaline modified polypropene (referring to ZL200310107113.3), the strainability of this composite electret polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric is better than conventional electret polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric, to diameter less than 0.26 μ m particle, when filtration resistance was 7Pa, filter efficiency reached 95.8%.(referring to United States Patent (USP) 6858551 B1) are pointed out in researchs such as Leonid A T, the barium titanate microparticles with ferroelectric effect is added in the fusion-jetting polypropylene non-weaving cloth, and improve its strainability by the corona electret.Patricia A W etc. are at the composite non-weaving cloth that discloses a kind of meltblown fibers (referring to United States Patent (USP) 6417120 B1), and what which comprises at least that one deck has meltblown fibers and a staple fiber does not contain the particle layer that particle layer and one deck have meltblown fibers, particle and staple fiber.Wherein artificial degree staple fibre should have better absorption property, can be absorbent materials such as cotton fiber and wood pulp fibre; Particle can comprise that active carbon, activated carbon, sodium bicarbonate, chitin etc. can absorb the air odor active particle, or the mixture of clay, diatomite, zeolite and potassium permanganate and activated alumina etc.They can or merge a kind of composition of removal from liquid by absorption, chemical reaction, realize deodorization.This compound melt-blowing nonwoven can be applied in the hygienic materials such as sanltary towel preferably.
About in meltblown fibers, adding the method for functional particle, at present, done a large amount of research both at home and abroad, mainly contain following three kinds.A kind of be with functional particle with resin in screw rod melt blending (directly blend or make functional agglomerate after blend) after extrude, through high velocity, hot air stream injection molding functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth, adopt this method among for example above-mentioned patent ZL200310107113.3 and the USP6858551 B1.This method particulate can be dispersed in the meltblown fibers body preferably, can not produce the dust phenomenon, but diameter of particle is had relatively high expectations, and generally needs below 0.5 micron.In addition, because particle is in corpus fibrosum, is difficult to its repertoire of performance and makes fiber produce the stress concentration phenomenon easily and influence the mechanical property of non-weaving cloth to a certain extent.Another kind of back arrangement coating technology, this method is by adhesive functional particles to be attached on the meltblown fibers surface, but because functional particles is covered by in adhesive or other reagent, the surface-activity of particle also decreases, be difficult to bring into play its whole effects equally, and have the shortcoming of wholesomeness difference.The third method be when molten resin behind injection molding under the hot empty stream effect of high speed, functional particle adds near the die head nozzle, because this moment, most of meltblown fibers still had viscosity, particle adheres to the surface of meltblown fibers or falls in the fibroreticulate space, obtain functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth, the method has been avoided using adhesive and has been the surface that functional particles is attached on meltblown fibers, can effectively bring into play the functional particles effect, but it is not very strong adopting this methodological function particulate and meltblown fibers adhesive fastness, easily produce the dust phenomenon when using separately, generally need and unmodified melt-blowing nonwoven or the compound use of other non-weaving cloths, for example above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) 6417120 B1 etc.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined provides a kind of preparation method and manufacturing equipment of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth.It is simple that the preparation method of this non-weaving cloth has technology, and cost is low, and industrializing implementation is easy, characteristics such as the easy innovation of product; The employed manufacturing equipment of this preparation method only is that ingenious transformation can be satisfied production requirement to existing melt-blowing equipment, and cost is low, implements to promote easily.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves described preparation method's technical problem is: design a kind of preparation method of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth, comprise the steps:
(1) functional particles modification, earlier with functional particles with account for the coupling agent of itsmass percent 2~8% and 1~4% dispersant is put into supersonic generator in the lump, carry out the ultrasonic surface modification, ultrasonic wave effect frequency is 20kHz~48kHz, be 20~40 minutes action time, and dry back is standby;
Described functional particles is one or more the blend in tourmaline, barium titanate, active carbon, silver oxide, titanium oxide, clay, diatomite, zeolite, potassium permanganate or the activated alumina, and average grain diameter is no more than 1 micron; Described coupling agent is a kind of in titanate ester or the silane coupling agent; Described dispersant is a low molecular weight polyethylene wax;
(2) preparation melt-blowing nonwoven, pack into the material storing box of screw extruder of the resin slicer that drying is good, the good functional particles of described surface modification packed into be installed in the storage bin hopper on the screw extruder high velocity, hot air stream pipeline, resin slicer is technology fusion routinely in screw extruder, extrude and flow down stretching at high velocity, hot air, the suction function that utilizes high velocity, hot air stream to be produced simultaneously also enters in the high velocity, hot air stream described functional particles, and make it be attached on the surface of thermal viscosity meltblown fibers equably at die head nozzle place, cooling forming promptly can be made into described functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth subsequently;
The mass percent prescription of described functional particles and resin slicer is:
Resin slicer 95~99%;
Functional particles 1~5%;
Described resin slicer is a kind of in polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyurethane or the PLA.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves described manufacturing equipment technical problem is: the manufacturing equipment that designs a kind of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth, comprise supersonic generator and screw extruder, the high velocity, hot air stream pipe design that it is characterized in that this screw extruder is the venturi tubulose, and the functional particles storage bin hopper is installed on this pipeline, the storage bin hopper installation site should make the functional particles in it can enter in the extruder die head nozzle thermal viscosity meltblown fibers surface good bond that melt extrudes with screw extruder and stretch under the suction function that high velocity, hot air stream is produced in described pipeline.
Compared with prior art, the preparation method of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth of the present invention is owing to flow the suction function that is produced by original high velocity, hot air dexterously, functional particles is entered in the extruder die head nozzle smoothly, the thermal viscosity meltblown fibers surface good bond that melt extrudes and stretch with screw extruder, and described hot-air heat gives the functional particles uniform temperature, strengthens thereby make it combine fastness with meltblown fibers.Consequently, function modified Particle Distribution is on the meltblown fibers surface, and combines closely with meltblown fibers, and the functional particles effect is given full play to, and can make the function of product have persistence on the one hand, can avoid preparing product to play the dirt phenomenon on the other hand.In addition, the inventive method does not change traditional melt-blowing nonwoven preparation method's technology, thereby has the advantage of the wide and easy innovative product of the adaptation of product.The manufacturing equipment of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth of the present invention has designed venturi tubulose high velocity, hot air stream pipeline especially, and on this pipeline appropriate location, the functional particles storage bin hopper is installed, the negative pressure that makes functional particles can rely on high velocity, hot air stream to be produced automatically is drawn in the high velocity, hot air stream, and meet at die head nozzle place and meltblown fibers and evenly be attached on the surface of the meltblown fibers that has viscosity, make described functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth, thereby it is simple to have technology, utilize the simple transformation of existing melt-blowing equipment can satisfy production requirement, implementation cost is low, and industrialization promotion is easy.Compare with existing product, some performances of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth of the present invention significantly improve or possess some specific functions.Experiment shows, adopts the fusion-jetting polypropylene nonwoven fabric filter performance of activated carbon modification obviously to be better than conventional polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric, and the filter efficiency that to particle diameter is the following particle of 0.26 μ m is up to (referring to embodiment 1) more than 85%; Adopt the polyester meltblown non-weaving cloth anti-microbial property of silver oxide modification good, good fungistatic effect (referring to embodiment 2) is arranged.
The specific embodiment
Further narrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof:
The preparation method (hereinafter to be referred as the preparation method) of the functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth of the present invention's design comprises the steps:
1. functional particles modification.Earlier with functional particles with account for the coupling agent of itsmass percent 2~8% and 1~4% dispersant is put into supersonic generator in the lump, carry out the ultrasonic surface modification, ultrasonic wave effect frequency 20kHz~48kHz, be 20~40 minutes action time, dry back is standby;
Functional particles of the present invention is meant the inorganic matter particulate: comprise one or more the blend in tourmaline, barium titanate, active carbon, silver oxide, titanium oxide, clay, diatomite, zeolite, potassium permanganate or the activated alumina.The functional particles shape comprise circle, semicircle, sphere, hemispherical, rod polyhedron shape, irregular shape etc., be not particularly limited.The functional particles characteristic is relevant with its warp, and particle diameter is more little, and is functional good more, but particle diameter is more little, and easy more reunion be difficult to it is disperseed fully, and price is also expensive more.For the contradiction between equilibrium product performance and the cost, make product more meet present enterprise practical needs, the functional particles average grain diameter that the present invention uses is no more than 1 micron, is more preferably average grain diameter and is no more than 0.5 micron.
Described coupling agent is a kind of in titanate ester or the silane coupling agent, for example can select a kind of among a kind of or silane resin acceptor kh-550,560 among titanate coupling agent CS-101,102, the 311W etc., SI-69 etc. for use.Adding selected coupling agent is because of it can produce adhesion with polarity and apolar substance simultaneously, to improve the bonding force between functional particles and the fused fiber.Described coupling agent can dilute it with diluent earlier before using, and participated in the surface modification of functional particles again, and effect can be better.The diluent of described coupling agent is selected benzinum for use, and the benzinum consumption is 1~3 times of coupling agent volume, preferred 2 times.
Described dispersant is a low molecular weight polyethylene wax.Its effect is under the effect that applies enough big mechanical force (fully stirring), overcomes the cohesiveness between the trickle inorganic particulate that is easy to generate reunion, or/and the aggregate that will condense is smashed, reaches desirable dispersion effect.In addition, dispersant can also change the surface physical property of functional particles, improves the affinity of functional particles and resin slicer, improves product quality stability.
2. preparation melt-blowing nonwoven.Pack into the material storing box of screw extruder of the resin slicer that drying is good, the good functional particles of described surface modification packed into be installed in screw extruder and melt and spray in the storage bin hopper on the high velocity, hot air stream pipeline, resin slicer is technology fusion routinely in screw extruder, extrude and flow down stretching at high velocity, hot air, the suction function that utilizes high velocity, hot air stream to be produced simultaneously also enters in the high velocity, hot air stream described functional particles, and make it be attached on the surface of thermal viscosity meltblown fibers equably at die head nozzle place, cooling forming promptly can be made into described functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth subsequently.
The mass percent prescription of described functional particles and resin slicer is:
Resin slicer 95~99%;
Functional particles 1~5%.
In functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth of the present invention, the content of functional particles is 1~5% of non-weaving cloth quality; The content of resin slicer is 95~99%, but this and do not mean that described recipe ingredient content can not realize the present invention beyond the described scope.Described resin slicer (or resin) is the main body composition of non-manufacturing cloth, account for 95~99% of non-manufacturing cloth quality, requiring it is the thermoplastic polymer that can form meltblown fibers, comprises a kind of in polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyurethane or the PLA.Select different described polymer and described functional particles can make modification melt and spray non-manufacturing cloth and have different physical properties, products innovation realizes easily.
The manufacturing equipment that the present invention has designed a kind of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth simultaneously (is called for short manufacturing equipment, referring to Fig. 1,2), it is applicable to preparation method of the present invention, comprise supersonic generator and screw extruder, the high velocity, hot air stream pipe design that it is characterized in that this screw extruder is the venturi tubulose, and functional particles storage bin hopper 4 ' is installed on this pipeline, storage bin hopper 4 ' installation site should make the functional particles in it can enter in extruder die head 5 nozzles thermal viscosity meltblown fibers surface good bond that melt extrudes with screw extruder and stretch under the suction function that high velocity, hot air stream is produced in described pipeline 7.Described supersonic generator is a prior art.
High velocity, hot air of the presentinvention stream pipeline 7 is Venturi tubes of particular design, or perhaps venturi tubulose thermal air current pipeline is formed (referring to as Fig. 2) by onesection reducing pipe 71, onesection trunnion 72 and one section increaser 73 3 part.In the empty stream of the high speed heat flow process in venturi tubulose thermal aircurrent pipeline 7, becausetrunnion 72 sections dwindle, flow velocity increases, the corresponding reduction of pressure, thereby produce underbalance effect or effect, therefore, the embodiment of the invention is promptly at the described functional particles storage bin hopper 4 ' oftrunnion 72 places design and installation, it can make functional particles successfully be inhaled into in the high velocity, hot air stream, and the surperficial good bond of thermal viscosity meltblown fibers that melt extrudes and stretches withscrew extruder 1.
Preparation method's of the present invention concrete production process following (referring to Fig. 1):
(a). according to described resin slicer raw material of technological requirement vacuumize and described functional particles;
(b). described resin slicer and described functional particles that drying is good are poured material storing box 4 and storage bin hopper 4 ' respectively into, and resin enters twin (double) screw extruder 1 subsequently, at a certain temperature, extrusion molten;
(c). resin melt enters die head 5 through filter 2 backs by measuringpump 3;
(d). under the effect of air compressor machine, high-speed air enters die head 5 by thermal aircurrent pipeline 7 after flowing through and heating, and the functional particulate in storage bin hopper 4 ' is inhaled under the effect of negative pressure in the high velocity, hot air stream simultaneously;
(e). resin melt is under the drawing-off effect ofscrew extruder 1 squeezing action and high velocity air, spray the meltblown fibers of ultra-fine (2~10 μ m) at the nozzle place of die head 5, described functional particles is being sticked on its surface equably simultaneously, concentrate at then on the defeated lace curtaining 6 of receiving device, become fiber web, according to the speed output of setting;
(f) cutting is wound into product at last.
The key technical indexes and the assay method thereof of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth of the present invention are:
The meltblown fibers diameter of functional modified microgranular melt-jetting non-woven cloth is generally 2~10 μ m, and the fibre web grammes per square metre is generally 40-100g/cm2Its filter efficiency---adopt U.S. TSI8130 filter efficiency analyzer to measure, NaCl particulate diameter is below the 0.26 μ m; Anti-microbial property---adopt cloth sheet method to do sterilization/bacteriostatic test.
Provide the specific embodiment of preparation side of the present invention below, but the scope of application of the present invention is not limited.
Embodiment 1:
Activated carbon modified polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric preparation method.
1. functional particles surface modification
At first will fill the coupling agent in the benzinum that 100 parts of weight active carbons, 8 parts of weight titanate esters are diluted in three times of titanate esters volumes and the low-molecular polyethylene wax container of 2 parts of weight, put into supersonic generator vibration 30 minutes, ultrasonic wave effect frequency is 30kHz, take out then, and under 100 ℃ of vacuum dry 2 hours;
2. make activated carbon modified polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric
After the polypropylene chip of 95 parts of weight mixed, join in the material storing box of double screw extruder, 250 ℃ of following melt extruded, after filtration, enter die head after the metering, make the active carbon of 5 parts of weight enter into the high velocity, hot air stream of described venturi tubulose thermal air current pipeline by control functional particles material storing box sluice gate, the meltblown fibers of ejection surface adhesion functional activity charcoal, drop on the receiving device, form fiber web, by regulating measuring pump control melt flow, can make the fibre web grammes per square metre is 100g/cm2The non-manufacturing cloth of activated carbon modified fusion-jetting polypropylene (referring to Fig. 3).
Adopt the activated carbon modified polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric of TSI8130 filter efficiency analyzer test gained, its filter efficiency to 0.26 following particle diameter particle is 88.6%.
Embodiment 2:
The preparation method of silver oxide modified poly ester melt-blowing nonwoven.
1. functional particles surface modification
At first will fill coupling agent and 42 parts of weight low-molecular polyethylene wax containers in the benzinum that 100 parts of weight silver oxide particulates, 5 parts of weight are diluted in twice silanes volume, put into supersonic generator ultrasonically-modified 40 minutes, ultrasonic wave effect frequency is 20kHz, take out then, and 100 ℃ of followingvacuumizes 2 hours;
2. make silver oxide modified poly ester melt-blowing nonwoven
With the polyester slice drying of 97 parts of weight carefully after, add double screw extruder, 270 ℃ of following melt extruded, after filtration, enter die head after the metering, the valve by control functional particles storage bin hopper makes 3 parts of weight silver oxides enter into the high velocity, hot air stream of described venturi tubulose thermal air current pipeline, the fiber of ejection surface adhesion function silver oxide, drop on the receiving device, form fiber web, by regulating measuring pump control melt flow, making the fibre web grammes per square metre is 80g/cm2The non-manufacturing cloth of silver oxide modification meltblown polyester (referring to Fig. 4).
The antibacterial circle diameter that adopts cloth sheet method sterilization/bacteriostatic test method to record the non-manufacturing cloth of described silver oxide modification meltblown polyester is 12.8mm (basic corral 10mm).