CN101015725A - Wearable physiotherapeutic instrument - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChineseDescription
Translated fromChinese技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及一种可穿戴式理疗仪器。The invention relates to a wearable physiotherapy instrument.
背景技术：Background technique:
物理治疗是应用自然界及人工制造的各种物理因素作用于人体以达到治疗和预防疾病的一门科学，简称理疗，它是康复医学的重要治疗手段之一。广义的物理治疗概念包括物理因素疗法及运动疗法。狭义的物理治疗概念则指应用声、光、电、磁、热等各种物理因素治疗疾病的方法。目前一般所指的物理疗法都是指狭义的概念。Physiotherapy is a science that uses various physical factors from nature and man-made to act on the human body to achieve the treatment and prevention of diseases. The broad concept of physical therapy includes physical factor therapy and exercise therapy. The concept of physical therapy in a narrow sense refers to the method of treating diseases by applying various physical factors such as sound, light, electricity, magnetism, and heat. Physical therapy generally refers to the narrow concept.
物理治疗不需要使用药物，无损伤、毒副作用很小或几乎没有。易为广大患者所接受。作用范围很广，不仅可用于对症治疗，而且可作为某些疾病的病因治疗。若能正确地选择应用各种物理疗法，可收到提高疗效、缩短疗程、减少并发症及后遗症的效果，有利于各种疾病的康复。Physiotherapy does not require the use of drugs, is non-invasive, and has little or no side effects. Easy to be accepted by the majority of patients. It has a wide range of effects, not only for symptomatic treatment, but also for the etiological treatment of certain diseases. If you can correctly choose and apply various physical therapies, you can improve the curative effect, shorten the course of treatment, reduce complications and sequelae, and benefit the rehabilitation of various diseases.
近几百年来，西医学在近、现代科学技术强有力的推动下，逐渐形成在世界医学界占主导地位的现代医学。然而，在另一方而，其种种弊端也日渐显露，尤其是医源性、药源性疾病的大量出现，人类在生存质量、医疗质量需求的深化和提高，迫切呼唤更为自然、有效的治疗方法。以中国传统医学为代表的世界自然疗法医学体系日益兴旺。世界性的中医热潮中，以针灸学为代表的中医外治法则成为先锋。中医外治作为最能体现中医学特色的传统医学体系重要组成部分之一，历史悠久，源远流长，数千年来为中华民族的繁衍昌盛做出了卓越的贡献，历经曲折后在新的历史潮流中，又开始发出勃勃的生机。Over the past few hundred years, Western medicine has gradually formed a modern medicine that dominates the world's medical field under the powerful promotion of modern science and technology. However, on the other hand, its various disadvantages are increasingly revealed, especially the emergence of a large number of iatrogenic and drug-induced diseases, and the deepening and improvement of human quality of life and medical quality, urgently calling for more natural and effective treatments. method. The world's naturopathic medical system represented by traditional Chinese medicine is flourishing day by day. In the worldwide upsurge of Chinese medicine, the external treatment principles of Chinese medicine represented by acupuncture and moxibustion have become pioneers. As one of the important components of the traditional medical system that best embodies the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and a long history. It has made outstanding contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. In the midst of it, it began to emit vigorous vitality.
传统针灸所适用的病症广，如各种疼痛性疾病、颈椎病、肩周炎、静脉炎、末梢神经炎、风湿和类风湿性关节炎、骨性关节炎、鼻窦炎、支气管哮喘、腹痛、腹泻、扭伤红肿疼痛、神经麻痹、中风后遗症、高血压、功能性不孕症、阳痿、早泻等。Traditional acupuncture is applicable to a wide range of diseases, such as various painful diseases, cervical spondylosis, frozen shoulder, phlebitis, peripheral neuritis, rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sinusitis, bronchial asthma, abdominal pain, diarrhea , sprain, swelling and pain, nerve paralysis, sequelae of stroke, high blood pressure, functional infertility, impotence, premature diarrhea, etc.
随着物理治疗学的发展，人们不断探索将现代物理因子与传统中医外治相结合的治疗方法。自20世纪50年代电针问世以来，相继应用经穴光疗法、低频电疗法、共鸣火花电疗法、冷疗法、磁场疗法、超声针、激光针和微波针等。大量实践经验证明，不论什么性质物理因子，只要刺激量适宜，按辨证论治、循经取穴的方法，都会产生一定的治疗效果。这就是中医外治疗法和现代物理治疗产生和发展的基础。With the development of physical therapy, people continue to explore the treatment method that combines modern physical factors with traditional Chinese medicine external treatment. Since the advent of electroacupuncture in the 1950s, meridian light therapy, low-frequency electrotherapy, resonance spark electrotherapy, cold therapy, magnetic field therapy, ultrasonic acupuncture, laser acupuncture, and microwave acupuncture have been applied successively. A lot of practical experience has proved that no matter what the nature of the physical factor is, as long as the stimulation amount is appropriate, the method of treating according to syndrome differentiation and selecting acupoints along the meridian will produce a certain therapeutic effect. This is the basis for the emergence and development of traditional Chinese medicine external therapy and modern physical therapy.
现代物理治疗学与中医外治疗法二者相结合之后，可以有如下特点：The combination of modern physical therapy and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine can have the following characteristics:
(1)类针灸作用，多种物理因子能像针灸一样，对机体产生调整作用和经络传感现象。(1) Similar to acupuncture and moxibustion, a variety of physical factors can produce adjustment effects on the body and meridian sensing phenomena like acupuncture and moxibustion.
(2)刺激因子多样化，既有共性，又有特性。(2) The stimuli are diverse and have both commonality and characteristics.
(3)刺激量可以比较精确地调节，有利于临床观察、研究、探索多种规律。(3) The amount of stimulation can be adjusted more precisely, which is beneficial to clinical observation, research, and exploration of various laws.
把现代物理因素与祖国医学理论和技术有机地结合，使物理因素在临床康复治疗领域发挥更大的作用，逐渐正在形成有中国特色的物理疗法体系。Combining modern physical factors with the medical theory and technology of the motherland, physical factors can play a greater role in the field of clinical rehabilitation, and a physical therapy system with Chinese characteristics is gradually being formed.
但是现有理疗仪器存在着以下不足：But there are following deficiencies in existing physiotherapy instrument:
(1)仪器体积较大，价格昂贵，一般在医院使用。而在当今这样一个生活节奏，工作节奏都很紧张的时代中，人们再没有时间每天到医院或是诊所里去接受治疗。特别是对行动不便的病人，每天到医院接受治疗无疑会增加他们的痛苦。(1) The instrument is large in size and expensive, and is generally used in hospitals. However, in today's era where the rhythm of life and work are very tense, people no longer have time to go to the hospital or clinic for treatment every day. Especially for patients with limited mobility, going to the hospital for treatment every day will undoubtedly increase their suffering.
(2)一般理疗仪器采用的供电电源为市电，会给使用者造成一定的心理负担。而且导致了理疗期间无法自由活动。(2) The power supply used by general physiotherapy equipment is commercial power, which will cause a certain psychological burden to users. And it led to the inability to move freely during physical therapy.
(3)现有理疗仪器进行理疗时，临床多采用近场辐射，即与皮肤保持一定的距离进行理疗，造成理疗费时、耗能大、效率低。(3) When the existing physiotherapy equipment is used for physical therapy, near-field radiation is often used clinically, that is, physical therapy is performed at a certain distance from the skin, resulting in time-consuming physical therapy, large energy consumption, and low efficiency.
(4)现有的不能穿戴的理疗仪器，都需要在一定的场所，占用工作、生活时间，坐、躺着或由医生进行治疗。(4) Existing physiotherapy instruments that cannot be worn all need to take up work and life time in a certain place, sit, lie down or be treated by a doctor.
(5)而现有的能穿戴的理疗仪器，物理作用因子的参数不可调，对人体的刺激固定，容易使病人产生适应性，影响治疗效果。(5) In the existing wearable physiotherapy equipment, the parameters of the physical action factors are not adjustable, and the stimulation to the human body is fixed, which easily makes the patient adaptable and affects the therapeutic effect.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的在于提供一种可将多种物理因子直接作用在人体各个部位上，且物理因子刺激量是可调节的可穿戴式理疗仪器，具有理疗省时、耗能少、效率高、作用效果全面、安全可靠的优点。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wearable physiotherapy instrument that can directly act on various parts of the human body by various physical factors, and the stimulation amount of the physical factors can be adjusted. The advantages of comprehensive effect, safety and reliability.
本发明的技术方案如下：它包括基体，主电路板和输出设备，其特征在于：所述的基体由绝缘软材料制作而成，基体分为内外两层，在内外两层的基体中间设有主电路板，主电路板通过电缆或导线与输出设备连接，所述的主电路板包括电源、单片机控制电路、物理作用因子驱动电路，其中电源与单片机控制电路、物理作用因子驱动电路连接，单片机控制电路与物理作用因子驱动电路连接；输出设备独立于基体设置，使用时紧贴在人体皮肤上，基体为可穿戴的任意形状的物件。The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: it includes a base body, a main circuit board and an output device, and is characterized in that: the base body is made of insulating soft material, and the base body is divided into inner and outer layers. Main circuit board, main circuit board is connected with output device through cable or wire, described main circuit board includes power supply, single-chip microcomputer control circuit, physical action factor drive circuit, wherein power supply is connected with single-chip microcomputer control circuit, physical action factor drive circuit, single-chip microcomputer The control circuit is connected with the driving circuit of the physical action factor; the output device is set independently from the substrate, and is closely attached to the human skin when in use, and the substrate is a wearable object of any shape.
本发明的优点是：本发明将现代物理因子与传统中医外治相结合，将各种物理因子直接作用在人体各个部位上，具有理疗省时、耗能少、效率高、作用效果全面，安全可靠的特点，可在不影响日常生活和行动的情况下，进行治疗和保健。本发明的可穿戴式理疗仪器可取得类针灸作用的效果，可以综合多种物理因子对人体进行调节，而且刺激量可以精确调节，刺激波形可以根据不同使用要求进行变化。The advantages of the present invention are: the present invention combines modern physical factors with traditional Chinese medicine external treatment, directly acts on various physical factors on various parts of the human body, and has the advantages of time-saving physiotherapy, low energy consumption, high efficiency, comprehensive effects, and safety. Reliable features for treatment and healthcare without affecting daily life and mobility. The wearable physiotherapy instrument of the present invention can achieve acupuncture-like effects, can integrate various physical factors to regulate the human body, and the stimulation amount can be precisely adjusted, and the stimulation waveform can be changed according to different use requirements.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1是本发明的基体、主电路板及输出设备在使用时位置关系的局部放大示意图。Fig. 1 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the substrate, the main circuit board and the output device in use of the present invention.
图2是本发明的电路框图。Fig. 2 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention.
图3是实施例1的电路原理框图。FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the circuit of
图4是实施例2的结构框图。Fig. 4 is a structural block diagram of
图5是实施例2的电路原理示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of
图6是实施例4的结构框图。Fig. 6 is a structural block diagram of Embodiment 4.
图7是实施例4的电路原理示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of Embodiment 4. FIG.
图8是实施例5的结构框图。Fig. 8 is a structural block diagram of
图9是实施例5中激光电源的电路原理示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the laser power supply in
图10是实施例6的结构框图。Fig. 10 is a structural block diagram of Embodiment 6.
图11是实施例6的电路原理示意图。FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the sixth embodiment.
标号说明：1基体，2主电路板，3输出设备。Explanation of symbols: 1 base body, 2 main circuit board, 3 output device.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
如图1所示，本发明包括一个由绝缘软材料制作的基体1，基体分为内外两层；将主电路板2固定嵌在的基体中间，主电路板通过电缆或导线与输出设备3连接；输出设备独立于基体设置，使用时将输出设备放置到需要理疗的部位，并紧贴在人体皮肤上，基体为可穿戴的任意形状的物件。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention comprises a
所述的基体可以是护腰，护膝，护腕，护踝，护腿，护肘，护肩，护胸，护背，护掌，护颈，护腹、背心、短裤等可穿戴的物件中的一种或一种以上。基体的材料可以是普通的纺织棉布，或是能辐射红外线的辐射织物。The base body can be waist protector, knee protector, wrist protector, ankle protector, leg protector, elbow protector, shoulder protector, chest protector, back protector, palm protector, neck protector, abdomen protector, vest, shorts and other wearable items. One or more than one. The material of the substrate can be ordinary textile cotton cloth, or radiation fabric capable of radiating infrared rays.
本发明的电路框图如图2。所述的主电路板采用柔性印刷电路板。所述的主电路板包括电源、单片机控制电路、物理作用因子驱动电路；其中电源与单片机控制电路、物理作用因子驱动电路连接，单片机控制电路与物理作用因子驱动电路连接。通过单片机控制电路输出可调节的控制量，输入物理作用因子驱动电路，以产生幅值可调的物理作用因子驱动信号。The block diagram of the circuit of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2 . The main circuit board is a flexible printed circuit board. The main circuit board includes a power supply, a single-chip microcomputer control circuit, and a physical action factor drive circuit; wherein the power supply is connected to the single-chip microcomputer control circuit and the physical action factor drive circuit, and the single-chip microcomputer control circuit is connected to the physical action factor drive circuit. The adjustable control quantity is output by the single-chip microcomputer control circuit, and input into the driving circuit of the physical action factor to generate the driving signal of the physical action factor with adjustable amplitude.
所述的物理作用因子驱动电路可分别为如下的单个物理因子驱动电路或者它们之间的两个或两个以上的组合：电作用因子驱动电路，超声波作用因子驱动电路，热作用因子驱动电路，红外作用因子驱动电路，磁作用因子驱动电路，激光作用因子驱动电路等。The physical action factor driving circuit can be the following single physical factor driving circuit or a combination of two or more of them: electrical action factor driving circuit, ultrasonic action factor driving circuit, thermal action factor driving circuit, Infrared action factor drive circuit, magnetic action factor drive circuit, laser action factor drive circuit, etc.
电源采用可充电的聚合物电池，使整机体积小，重量轻，价格便宜。The power supply adopts a rechargeable polymer battery, which makes the whole machine small in size, light in weight and cheap in price.
物理作用因子驱动电路产生的驱动信号经过输出设备产生物理作用因子，并通过输出设备将物理作用因子作用于人体穴位。不同的物理因子对应于不同的输出设备，如果是多个物理因子共同作用，也可以共用一个输出设备，如实施例3。所述的输出设备包括电热软膜、贴片电极、无纺布自粘电极、加热电极片、超声波换能片、激光器、线圈带等中的一种或一种以上；通过输出设备对人体实施理疗的作用。The driving signal generated by the driving circuit of the physical action factor generates the physical action factor through the output device, and the physical action factor acts on the acupuncture points of the human body through the output device. Different physical factors correspond to different output devices. If multiple physical factors work together, one output device can also be shared, as in
单片机控制电路与遥控器无线通信，通过遥控器的强度调节使单片机控制电路输出的控制量根据使用者的强度需要而改变，从而使输出设备输出的物理作用因子的功率根据需要而变。The single-chip microcomputer control circuit communicates wirelessly with the remote controller. Through the intensity adjustment of the remote controller, the output control quantity of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit changes according to the user's strength needs, so that the power of the physical action factor output by the output device changes according to the needs.
为了操作使用的方便和安全，在单片机控制电路中还设有定时电路，定时时间到即自动切断电源，从而保证该产品的安全使用。For the convenience and safety of operation and use, there is also a timing circuit in the control circuit of the single-chip microcomputer, and the power supply will be cut off automatically when the timing is up, so as to ensure the safe use of the product.
实施例1：可穿戴式热理疗仪器Embodiment 1: Wearable thermal physiotherapy instrument
本实施例的输出设备采用电热软膜(广东佛山南海暖丰电热膜厂生产)，电热软膜是一种以半导体材料为主体，经烧结后形成的导电薄膜。是一种采用低电压(3V以上)就能发热的医疗保健新材料，厚度在0.1mm左右，直径可根据需要改变。电热软膜是面发热，发热均匀。使用时电热软膜独立设置，直接贴在皮肤上。The output device in this embodiment adopts an electrothermal soft film (manufactured by Nanhai Nuanfeng Electrothermal Film Factory, Foshan, Guangdong). The electrothermal soft film is a conductive film formed after sintering with semiconductor materials as the main body. It is a new medical and health care material that can generate heat with low voltage (above 3V). The thickness is about 0.1mm, and the diameter can be changed according to needs. The electric heating soft film is heated on the surface, and the heating is uniform. When in use, the electric heating soft film is set independently and directly attached to the skin.
电热软膜的温度通过单片机控制电路输出脉宽调制波来进行控制，其电路原理示意图如图3所示，由电阻R1和三极管Q1组成热作用因子驱动电路，其中电阻R1连接在三极管Q1的基极上，电阻R1的输入端与单片机控制电路的输出口连接，三极管Q1的集电极与电源连接，三极管Q1的发射极与电热软膜连接，通过单片机输出口控制三极管Q1的导通时间来控制电热软膜的加热时间，从而控制电热软膜的温度。电热软膜的温度可根据用户的耐受程度的需要设定为高、中、低三档，用户设定的温度越高，单片机控制电路输出的脉宽调制波的占空比越大，Q1的导通时间越长，电热软膜的加热时间也越长。The temperature of the electric heating soft film is controlled by the output pulse width modulation wave of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit. The schematic diagram of the circuit principle is shown in Figure 3. The thermal factor driving circuit is composed of the resistor R1 and the transistor Q1, and the resistor R1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1. On the pole, the input terminal of the resistor R1 is connected to the output port of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the electric heating soft film, and the conduction time of the transistor Q1 is controlled by the output port of the single-chip microcomputer. The heating time of the electric heating soft film, so as to control the temperature of the electric heating soft film. The temperature of the electric heating soft film can be set in high, medium and low levels according to the user's tolerance. The higher the temperature set by the user, the greater the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation wave output by the microcontroller control circuit, Q1 The longer the conduction time, the longer the heating time of the electric heating soft film.
实施例2：可穿戴式电理疗仪器Embodiment 2: Wearable electric physiotherapy instrument
本实施例的输出设备采用一对贴片电极，或者也可以采用无纺布自粘电极。The output device in this embodiment uses a pair of patch electrodes, or non-woven self-adhesive electrodes can also be used.
本实施例原理框图和电路示意图如图4和图5所示。本实施例的主电路板由电源、单片机控制电路、电阻调档电路、高压发生电路和正负电脉冲输出电路构成，电源依次与电阻调档电路、高压发生电路、正负电脉冲输出电路串联连接，电源同时又依次与单片机控制电路和正负电脉冲输出电路连接，单片机控制电路又与电阻调档电路连接。如图5所示，由三极管Q1、Q2、Q3和电阻R1、R2、R3分别组成Q1R1、Q2R2、Q3R3三组串联电路，再由这三组串联电路相互并联组成电阻调档电路；所述的高压发生电路为并联开关型稳压电路，它包括依次串联的电感L1和二极管D1，以及电阻R4、三极管Q4和电容C1，L1的输入端与电阻调档电路的输出端连接，D1与相串联的NPN三极管Q4和电容C1支路相并联，Q4的集电极与D1的输入端连接，发射集与C1的一端连接且同时接地，基极经一电阻R4与单片机控制电路的信号输出端连接，C1的另一端与二极管D1的输出端连接；所述的正负电脉冲输出电路包括两个PNP三极管Q5、Q6和两个NPN三极管Q7、Q8，Q5和Q6的发射极均与高压发生电路的输出端连接，Q5的集电极与Q7的集电极连接且同时与其中一个输出电极连接，Q5的基极与其发射极之间连接有电阻R9，Q5的基极与Q8的集电极之间连接有电阻R12，Q7的发射极与Q8的发射极连接且同时接地，Q7的基极经一电阻R7与单片机控制电路的信号输出端连接；Q6的集电极与Q8的集电极连接且同时与另一个输出电极连接，Q6的基极与其发射极之间连接有电阻R10，Q6的基极与Q7的集电极之间连接有电阻R11，Q8的基极经一电阻R8与单片机控制电路的信号输出端连接。The principle block diagram and circuit schematic diagram of this embodiment are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 . The main circuit board of this embodiment is composed of a power supply, a single-chip microcomputer control circuit, a resistance shifting circuit, a high voltage generating circuit and a positive and negative electric pulse output circuit, and the power supply is connected in series with the resistance shifting circuit, the high voltage generating circuit, and the positive and negative electric pulse output circuit in sequence connected, the power supply is connected with the single-chip microcomputer control circuit and the positive and negative electric pulse output circuit in turn at the same time, and the single-chip microcomputer control circuit is connected with the resistance shifting circuit. As shown in Figure 5, three sets of series circuits of Q1R1, Q2R2, and Q3R3 are composed of triodes Q1, Q2, Q3 and resistors R1, R2, and R3, respectively, and then these three sets of series circuits are connected in parallel to each other to form a resistance shifting circuit; The high-voltage generating circuit is a parallel switch-type voltage stabilizing circuit, which includes inductance L1 and diode D1 connected in series, as well as resistor R4, transistor Q4 and capacitor C1. The NPN transistor Q4 and the branch of the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel, the collector of Q4 is connected to the input terminal of D1, the emitter is connected to one end of C1 and grounded at the same time, the base is connected to the signal output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit through a resistor R4, The other end of C1 is connected with the output end of diode D1; Described positive and negative electrical pulse output circuit comprises two PNP transistors Q5, Q6 and two NPN transistors Q7, Q8, and the emitters of Q5 and Q6 are all connected with the high voltage generation circuit The output terminal is connected, the collector of Q5 is connected to the collector of Q7 and connected to one of the output electrodes at the same time, a resistor R9 is connected between the base of Q5 and its emitter, and a resistor R9 is connected between the base of Q5 and the collector of Q8. Resistor R12, the emitter of Q7 is connected to the emitter of Q8 and grounded at the same time, the base of Q7 is connected to the signal output terminal of the single-chip control circuit through a resistor R7; the collector of Q6 is connected to the collector of Q8 and simultaneously connected to another The output electrode is connected, a resistor R10 is connected between the base of Q6 and its emitter, a resistor R11 is connected between the base of Q6 and the collector of Q7, the base of Q8 is connected to the signal output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit through a resistor R8 connect.
通过单片机控制电路控制三极管Q1、Q2、Q3来实现对各档电阻R1、R2、R3选通与否的控制，从而控制电感L1输入电压的大小，从而控制脉冲电压Uc的大小，最终控制正负电脉冲刺激量的大小。通过单片机输出口控制三极管Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8的导通状态，形成脉冲电压输出。Control the triode Q1, Q2, Q3 through the single-chip microcomputer control circuit to realize the control of the gate of each resistance R1, R2, R3, thereby controlling the input voltage of the inductor L1, thereby controlling the pulse voltage Uc, and finally controlling the positive and negative The size of the electric pulse stimulation volume. The conduction state of the transistors Q5, Q6, Q7, and Q8 is controlled through the output port of the single-chip microcomputer to form a pulse voltage output.
使用时贴片电极直接贴在皮肤上。When in use, the patch electrodes are directly attached to the skin.
实施例3：可穿戴式电热综合治疗仪器Embodiment 3: Wearable electrothermal comprehensive treatment instrument
本实施例的热作用因子驱动电路如实施例1，电作用因子驱动电路如实施例2。The driving circuit of the thermal action factor in this embodiment is as in the first embodiment, and the driving circuit of the electrical action factor is as in the second embodiment.
电输出设备采用一对贴片电极，热输出设备采用电热软膜。The electric output device adopts a pair of patch electrodes, and the heat output device adopts electric heating soft film.
或者电和热输出设备共用一对加热电极片(由深圳市博力电子有限公司等企业生产)，这种加热电极片同时具有脉冲电刺激与发热的功能，脉冲电刺激与发热功能是单独控制，可由使用者决定选择其中的一种或两种。这种加热电极片内有恒温开关，温度为40度左右，最高温度不超过42度。一片加热电极片有三根导线，一根是脉冲电刺激输入，另两根是加热输入。加热电极片的面积可根据要求定制。Or the electricity and heat output devices share a pair of heating electrodes (produced by Shenzhen Boli Electronics Co., Ltd. and other enterprises), this heating electrode has the functions of pulse electrical stimulation and heating at the same time, and the pulse electrical stimulation and heating functions are controlled separately , the user can decide to choose one or two of them. There is a constant temperature switch in the heating electrode sheet, the temperature is about 40 degrees, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 42 degrees. A heating pad has three wires, one for pulse electrical stimulation input and the other two for heating input. The area of the heating electrode sheet can be customized according to requirements.
实施例4：可穿戴式超声治疗仪器Embodiment 4: Wearable Ultrasound Therapeutic Instrument
如图6、7所示，本实施例的超声波作用因子驱动电路由升压电路、PWM控制与驱动电路、功率放大器、阻抗匹配器依次串联构成；电源通过升压电路得到固定的放大直流电压Uc＝5～20v，输入到PWM控制与驱动电路，通过PWM控制与驱动电路将直流电压转换为高频(1M赫兹)的方波交流电，1M赫兹的高频方波交流电经过功率放大器后，由匹配网络形成激励超声波换能片所需的近似正弦波的高频(1M赫兹)交流信号，用以激励超声波换能片产生频率为1M赫兹的超声波信号。As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the ultrasonic action factor drive circuit of this embodiment is composed of a boost circuit, a PWM control and drive circuit, a power amplifier, and an impedance matcher in series; the power supply obtains a fixed amplified DC voltage Uc through the boost circuit =5~20v, input to the PWM control and drive circuit, through the PWM control and drive circuit, the DC voltage is converted into a high-frequency (1M Hz) square-wave AC, and the 1M Hz high-frequency square-wave AC passes through the power amplifier. The network forms a high-frequency (1M Hz) AC signal approximately sinusoidal to excite the ultrasonic transducer, which is used to excite the ultrasonic transducer to generate an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of 1M Hz.
由TL1454集成电路芯片和栅极驱动芯片IR21844连接构成PWM控制与驱动电路，其中PWM控制器采用TL1454集成电路芯片，TL1454是一种具有双路独立的PWM功能的芯片，驱动采用MOSFET栅极驱动芯片IR21844，TL1454产生的信号“OUT”作为驱动信号输入IR21844，IR21844输出HO和LO两路反向信号，分别接到两个功率MOSFET管Q1、Q2的栅极。The PWM control and drive circuit is formed by connecting the TL1454 integrated circuit chip and the gate drive chip IR21844. The PWM controller uses the TL1454 integrated circuit chip. TL1454 is a chip with dual independent PWM functions, and the drive uses a MOSFET gate drive chip. The signal "OUT" generated by IR21844 and TL1454 is input to IR21844 as a driving signal, and IR21844 outputs two reverse signals of HO and LO, which are respectively connected to the gates of two power MOSFETs Q1 and Q2.
由功率MOSFET管Q1、Q2，二极管D1、D2和电容C1、C2组成半桥式的功率放大器，功率MOSFET管Q1的漏极和二极管D1的负端、电容C1的一端连接后接到Uc上，功率MOSFET管Q1的源极与二极管D1的正端、功率MOSFET管Q2的漏极和二极管D2的负端连接后接入阻抗匹配器，功率MOSFET管Q2的源极和二极管D2的正端、电容C2的一端连，电容C2的另一端和电容C1的另一端连接后接到超声波换能片。A half-bridge power amplifier is composed of power MOSFETs Q1, Q2, diodes D1, D2, and capacitors C1, C2. The drain of the power MOSFET Q1 is connected to the negative end of the diode D1 and one end of the capacitor C1, and then connected to Uc. The source of the power MOSFET Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1, the drain of the power MOSFET Q2 and the negative terminal of the diode D2, and then connected to the impedance matching device, the source of the power MOSFET Q2 and the positive terminal of the diode D2, the capacitor One end of C2 is connected, and the other end of capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of capacitor C1, and then connected to the ultrasonic transducer.
一般而言，匹配网络应起到调谐和滤波的作用。具体来说，调谐就是使超声系统处于谐振状态，输入的电压和电流同相，以减少电路的无功分量，提高输出效率；滤波就是滤除超声电源输出方波信号含有的大量谐波成分。本实施例中系统采用较为常见的串联电感匹配方式，使匹配后的等效电路呈纯阻性。Generally speaking, the matching network should play the role of tuning and filtering. Specifically, tuning is to make the ultrasonic system in a resonant state, and the input voltage and current are in phase to reduce the reactive component of the circuit and improve output efficiency; filtering is to filter out a large number of harmonic components contained in the square wave signal output by the ultrasonic power supply. In this embodiment, the system adopts a relatively common series inductance matching method, so that the equivalent circuit after matching is purely resistive.
人体各个组织器官对超声敏感性也各不相同，因此各个器官对超声波的耐受值也不同。对于超声非常敏感的神经组织，只要小剂量就可以起到按摩、镇痛的作用。一般来说(0.1～1.5)W/cm2的超声声强，已经能够满足大多数的治疗需要，而对人体又是非常安全的。本实施例单片机控制电路通过D/A输出可变的电压用于改变PWM控制器的占空比，使占空比在0％～100％范围内可调，最终使超声功率在(0.1～1.5)W/cm2范围内可调。Each tissue and organ of the human body is also different in sensitivity to ultrasound, so the tolerance value of each organ to ultrasound is also different. For the nerve tissue that is very sensitive to ultrasound, as long as a small dose can play a massage and analgesic effect. Generally speaking, the ultrasonic sound intensity of (0.1-1.5) W/cm2 can already meet most of the treatment needs, and it is very safe for the human body. The single-chip microcomputer control circuit of this embodiment is used for changing the duty cycle of PWM controller through D/A output variable voltage, makes duty cycle adjustable in the range of 0%～100%, finally makes ultrasonic power in (0.1～1.5 )W/cm2 adjustable range.
本实施例输出设备采用压电陶瓷超声换能片，它是利用压电陶瓷材料特有的电能--机械能转换效应开发出来的超声器件，其结构简单，能量转化效率高。The output device of this embodiment adopts a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer, which is an ultrasonic device developed by utilizing the unique electric energy-mechanical energy conversion effect of piezoelectric ceramic materials. It has a simple structure and high energy conversion efficiency.
使用时，超声波换能片做为输出设备，直接紧靠在人体皮肤上。When in use, the ultrasonic transducer sheet is used as an output device, and it is directly close to the human skin.
实施例5：可穿戴式激光理疗仪器Embodiment 5: Wearable laser physiotherapy instrument
根据激光的生物刺激效应理论，并经大量实验及临床研究证明，低强度激光可以调节机体多种功能，如：神经传递、免疫、代谢、酶的活性、组织修复等，从而可用于多种疾病的治疗。According to the theory of laser biostimulation effect, and a large number of experiments and clinical studies have proved that low-intensity laser can regulate various functions of the body, such as: neurotransmission, immunity, metabolism, enzyme activity, tissue repair, etc., so it can be used for various diseases Treatment.
近年来，随着半导体激光器制造技术的不断提高，半导体激光已在医学临床上得到应用。这种应用激光技术制成的仪器在激光针灸、激光理疗等方面具有广泛的应用。In recent years, with the continuous improvement of semiconductor laser manufacturing technology, semiconductor laser has been applied in clinical medicine. The instrument made by applying laser technology has a wide range of applications in laser acupuncture and laser physiotherapy.
如图8所示，本实施例的主电路板由单片机控制电路、激光电源、温度传感器、制冷器和激光器构成，单片机控制电路与激光电源连接，激光电源与激光器连接，单片机控制电路还分别通过温度传感器和制冷器与激光器连接；激光电源作为物理作用因子驱动电路；由激光器构成本实施例的输出设备；由温度传感器和制冷器构成对激光器进行温度调节的温度控制电路，通过温度传感器检测到激光器温度后，经过A/D转换送入单片机控制电路中，通过单片机控制电路的运算后送出数字控制量，该数字控制量通过D/A转换去控制流过制冷器的电流，以改变制冷状态，从而控制激光器的温度。激光电源的电路原理示意图如图9所示，采用恒流源作为激光电源，由电感L1和电容C1、C2组成的串联回路构成∏型低通滤波电路，恒流源连接在L1和C1之间；通过单片机输出口控制三极管Q1、Q2的导通状态，从而实现慢启动，以及保护激光器免遭浪涌电流、静电造成的损坏。D1可防止激光器两端出现反向高压，C3用于滤掉高频成分；恒流源的输出电流正比于输入电压，而输入电压由单片机控制电路通过D/A决定，通过控制恒流源的输出电流从而获得不同的激光功率输出。As shown in Figure 8, the main circuit board of the present embodiment is made up of single-chip microcomputer control circuit, laser power supply, temperature sensor, refrigerator and laser device, and single-chip microcomputer control circuit is connected with laser power supply, and laser power supply is connected with laser device, and single-chip microcomputer control circuit also passes through respectively The temperature sensor and the refrigerator are connected to the laser; the laser power supply is used as a physical factor driving circuit; the output device of this embodiment is formed by the laser; the temperature control circuit for temperature regulation of the laser is formed by the temperature sensor and the refrigerator, and the temperature is detected by the temperature sensor. After the temperature of the laser is sent to the single-chip control circuit through A/D conversion, the digital control value is sent out after the operation of the single-chip control circuit, and the digital control value is controlled by D/A conversion to control the current flowing through the refrigerator to change the cooling state , thereby controlling the temperature of the laser. The schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the laser power supply is shown in Figure 9. The constant current source is used as the laser power supply. The series circuit composed of the inductor L1 and the capacitors C1 and C2 constitutes a Π-type low-pass filter circuit, and the constant current source is connected between L1 and C1. ; Control the conduction state of the triode Q1 and Q2 through the output port of the single-chip microcomputer, so as to realize slow start and protect the laser from damage caused by surge current and static electricity. D1 can prevent reverse high voltage at both ends of the laser, C3 is used to filter out high-frequency components; the output current of the constant current source is proportional to the input voltage, and the input voltage is determined by the single-chip control circuit through D/A, by controlling the constant current source output current to obtain different laser power outputs.
激光器采用QW-500型半导体激光器，所发出的激光波长为810nm，落在人体适用的激光波长范围内。The laser adopts QW-500 semiconductor laser, and the emitted laser wavelength is 810nm, which falls within the applicable laser wavelength range for the human body.
由于半导体激光器中PN结的发热导致阈值电流变化，使输出光功率随结温度的变化而变化。作为医疗仪器，输出激光功率的准确、稳定是非常关键的。为此，必须对LD进行温度控制。本实施例中温度控制采用半导体制冷器来实现。这是一种热电制冷器，当制冷器有电流流过时，在它的两个面上将分别产生吸热和放热现象，并且电流流向相反时，吸热面和放热面也相反。因此只要控制流过制冷器电流的大小和方向，就能对激光器进行制冷或加热，从而控制激光器的工作温度。本实施例中，通过温度传感器检测到激光器温度后，经过A/D转换送入单片机中，通过单片机的控制算法的运算后送出数字控制量，该数字控制量通过D/A转换去控制流过制冷器的电流，以改变制冷状态，从而控制激光器的温度。Due to the heating of the PN junction in the semiconductor laser, the threshold current changes, so that the output optical power changes with the junction temperature. As a medical instrument, the accuracy and stability of the output laser power is very critical. For this reason, the LD must be temperature controlled. In this embodiment, the temperature control is realized by a semiconductor refrigerator. This is a thermoelectric cooler. When the cooler has current flowing, heat absorption and heat dissipation will be generated on its two surfaces respectively, and when the current flows in the opposite direction, the heat absorption surface and heat release surface will also be opposite. Therefore, as long as the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the refrigerator are controlled, the laser can be cooled or heated, thereby controlling the working temperature of the laser. In this embodiment, after the temperature of the laser is detected by the temperature sensor, it is sent into the single-chip microcomputer through A/D conversion, and the digital control value is sent out after the operation of the control algorithm of the single-chip microcomputer, and the digital control value is controlled by D/A conversion. The current of the refrigerator is used to change the refrigeration state, thereby controlling the temperature of the laser.
半导体激光器本身对电源的要求很苛刻，需要采用稳定的恒流源供电。浪涌电流是激光器损坏的重要原因；瞬间高反向电压，也极易将激光器损坏。因此，电源系统需要具备电流电压的冲击保护，抗干扰性能要强。每次开机，工作电流应慢启动。激光电源电路示意图如图9所示，激光器由恒流源驱动，恒流源的输出电流正比于输入电压，而输入电压由单片机控制电路通过D/A决定，通过控制恒流源的输出电流从而获得不同的激光功率输出。The semiconductor laser itself has very strict requirements on the power supply and needs to be powered by a stable constant current source. Surge current is an important cause of laser damage; instantaneous high reverse voltage can easily damage the laser. Therefore, the power supply system needs to have the impact protection of current and voltage, and the anti-interference performance should be strong. Every time it is turned on, the working current should start slowly. The schematic diagram of the laser power supply circuit is shown in Figure 9. The laser is driven by a constant current source. The output current of the constant current source is proportional to the input voltage, and the input voltage is determined by the single-chip control circuit through D/A. By controlling the output current of the constant current source, the Obtain different laser power outputs.
C1、C2、L1组成∏型低通滤波电路，它能滤除电源导通时出现的高频成分，对恒流源的稳定起重要作用。通过单片机输出口控制三极管Q1、Q2的导通状态，从而实现慢启动，以及保护激光器免遭浪涌电流、静电造成的损坏。D1可防止激光器两端出现反向高压，C3用于滤掉高频成分。C1, C2, and L1 form a Π-type low-pass filter circuit, which can filter out the high-frequency components that appear when the power supply is turned on, and plays an important role in the stability of the constant current source. The conduction state of transistors Q1 and Q2 is controlled through the output port of the single-chip microcomputer, so as to realize slow start and protect the laser from damage caused by surge current and static electricity. D1 can prevent reverse high voltage at both ends of the laser, and C3 is used to filter out high-frequency components.
使用时激光器作为输出设备，直接紧靠在人体皮肤上。When in use, the laser is used as an output device and is directly attached to the human skin.
实施例6：可穿戴式磁理疗仪器Embodiment 6: Wearable magnetic physiotherapy instrument
输出设备采用高强度漆包线线圈带，使用时线圈带作为输出设备，直接紧靠在人体皮肤上。The output device adopts high-strength enameled wire coil belt, and the coil belt is used as the output device when in use, and it is directly close to the human skin.
如图10所示，本实施例的主电路板由电源、单片机控制电路、电阻调档电路、高压发生电路和脉冲磁场输出电路构成，电源依次与电阻调档电路、高压发生电路、脉冲磁场输出电路串联连接，电源同时又依次与单片机控制电路和脉冲磁场输出电路连接，单片机控制电路又与电阻调档电路连接。如图11所示，由三极管Q1、Q2、Q3和电阻R1、R2、R3分别组成Q1R1、Q2R2、Q3R3三组串联电路，再由这三组串联电路相互并联组成电阻调档电路；所述的高压发生电路为并联开关型稳压电路，它包括依次串联的电感L1和二极管D1，以及电阻R4、三极管Q4和电容C1，L1的输入端与电阻调档电路的输出端连接，D1的输出端与NPN三极管Q5的集电极连接；D1与相串联的NPN三极管Q4和电容C1支路相并联，Q4的集电极与D1的输入端连接，发射集与C1的一端连接且同时接地，基极经一电阻R4与单片机控制电路的信号输出端连接，C1的另一端与二极管D1的输出端连接；由三极管Q5和线圈带构成脉冲磁场输出电路，三极管Q5的基极与单片机控制电路的基极连接，三极管Q5的发射集与线圈带连接。As shown in Figure 10, the main circuit board of this embodiment is composed of a power supply, a single-chip microcomputer control circuit, a resistance shifting circuit, a high-voltage generating circuit and a pulsed magnetic field output circuit, and the power supply is sequentially connected with the resistance shifting circuit, the high-voltage generating circuit, and the pulsed magnetic field output circuit. The circuits are connected in series, and the power supply is connected with the single-chip microcomputer control circuit and the pulse magnetic field output circuit in sequence at the same time, and the single-chip microcomputer control circuit is connected with the resistance shifting circuit. As shown in Figure 11, three sets of series circuits of Q1R1, Q2R2, and Q3R3 are composed of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and resistors R1, R2, and R3, respectively, and then these three sets of series circuits are connected in parallel to each other to form a resistance shifting circuit; The high-voltage generating circuit is a parallel switch-type voltage stabilizing circuit, which includes inductance L1 and diode D1 connected in series, resistor R4, transistor Q4 and capacitor C1. The input terminal of L1 is connected to the output terminal of the resistance shifting circuit, and the output terminal of D1 Connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q5; D1 is connected in parallel with the NPN transistor Q4 and capacitor C1 branch in series, the collector of Q4 is connected to the input terminal of D1, the emitter is connected to one end of C1 and grounded at the same time, and the base is passed through A resistor R4 is connected to the signal output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit, and the other end of C1 is connected to the output terminal of the diode D1; the pulse magnetic field output circuit is formed by the triode Q5 and the coil strip, and the base of the triode Q5 is connected to the base of the single-chip microcomputer control circuit , the emission set of the triode Q5 is connected with the coil band.
通过单片机控制电路控制三极管Q1、Q2、Q3来实现对各档电阻R1、R2、R3选通与否的控制，从而控制电感L1输入电压的大小，从而控制脉冲电压Uc的大小，最终控制脉冲磁刺激量的大小。通过单片机输出口控制三极管Q5的导通状态，形成脉冲电压输出。Control the triode Q1, Q2, Q3 through the single-chip microcomputer control circuit to realize the control of the selection of the resistors R1, R2, R3, thereby controlling the input voltage of the inductor L1, thereby controlling the pulse voltage Uc, and finally controlling the pulse magnetism. The size of the stimulus. The conduction state of the triode Q5 is controlled through the output port of the single-chip microcomputer to form a pulse voltage output.
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