CN1006918B - The method of placing cable harness with variable diameter strands in the well - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

一种安装含有变直径股线缆束的井处理工艺。采用绕线装置，把由可绕的输电及加热电缆和至少一条承重股线组成，用以对地下很长一段地层进行电加热或加热及测量的缆束，按下述方法安装到井内：把缆束中的这些股线绕在绕线盘上，形成一层层平坦的股线层，并交替地在股线层中间绕上大致与股线层一样宽的可绕带，同时在绕线上把输电缆与加热缆互相连接起来；然后，向井内放线，并且断续地将股线捆扎成束，同时将可绕带缠绕在另一绕线盘上。

A well treatment process for installing bundles containing variable diameter strand cables. Using a winding device, install the cable bundle composed of a windable power transmission and heating cable and at least one load-bearing strand for electrically heating or heating and measuring a long section of underground formation into the well as follows: These strands in the cable bundle are wound on the winding drum to form a layer of flat strand layers, and alternately in the middle of the strand layers, a spoolable tape approximately as wide as the strand layer is wound. Connect the transmission cable and the heating cable to each other; then, the line is released into the well, and the strands are bundled intermittently, and the wrapable tape is wound on another winding reel at the same time.

Description

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及井处理工艺，该工艺用于安装至少含有两股线的缆束，每股线沿其长度方向的不同部位具有不同的直径。尤其是，本发明涉及能够加热地下很长一段地层的电加热器的安装，以及需要时，可利用由地表伸至加热段的可绕井导管，简易地测量被加热区的温度。The present invention relates to a well treatment process for installing a cable harness comprising at least two strands, each strand having a different diameter at different locations along its length. In particular, the present invention relates to the installation of electric heaters capable of heating long subterranean formations and, if desired, the easy measurement of the temperature of the heated zone by means of coilable well conduits extending from the surface to the heated section.

业已知道，将地下一段地层在较长的时间内加热到较高的温度，可获得许多益处。这些益处包括油页岩岩层的热解、非固定储油层的固定、在储油层内可用作电极的大导电碳化区的形成、使出自油或重油的碳氢化合物热移到生产区等等。实现这类结果的现有技术包含在如下的美国专利说明书中：美国专利2，732，195叙述了利用具有铁或可重复使用的铬合金电阻器，对地下20至30米厚的油页岩层加热，使其温度达到500至1000℃的过程。G.A.史密斯的美国专利2，781，851叙述了应用含有三根铜导线的矿物绝缘铜铠装低阻加热电缆，使温度达到250℃，以防止形成水合物。在气体生产时，加热器由钢带机械支撑并且浸在油池中以防止腐蚀。It is known that there are many benefits to be gained by heating a section of subterranean formation to a higher temperature over a longer period of time. These benefits include pyrolysis of oil shale formations, immobilization of non-fixed reservoirs, formation of large conductive carbonized zones within reservoirs that can be used as electrodes, heat transfer of hydrocarbons from oil or heavy oil to production zones, etc. . The prior art for achieving this type of result is contained in the following U.S. patent specification: U.S. Patent 2,732,195 describes the use of iron or reusable chromium alloy resistors foroil shale formations 20 to 30 meters underground. The process of heating so that its temperature reaches 500 to 1000°C. U.S. Patent 2,781,851 to G.A. Smith describes the use of a mineral insulated copper sheathed low resistance heating cable containing three copper conductors to bring temperatures up to 250°C to prevent hydrate formation. During gas production, the heaters are mechanically supported by steel belts and immersed in an oil bath to prevent corrosion.

在美国专利No.4，442，903中，已有一种安装含有至少包括一条承重股线和至少两条沿其长度方向的不同部位有不同粗细的股线的缆束的方法，它包括：将不同粗细的股线支撑在一个绕线盘上，绕线盘具有间距接近且稍大于股线最粗部分并列排成一层的宽度的凸缘;将所述承重股线和缆束中的其它股线与粗线不均匀的股线一 同送入井内;捆扎正进入井内的股线，使其相互靠紧，以至与承重股线的摩擦接触足够强，可支撑卡带间股线的重量。In U.S. Patent No. 4,442,903, there is a method of installing a cable harness comprising at least one load-bearing strand and at least two strands of different thickness at different locations along its length, which includes: Strands of different thicknesses are supported on a reel with flanges spaced close to and slightly greater than the width of the thickest parts of the strands juxtaposed in one layer; Strands with thick and uneven strands one Same as feeding into the well; bundle the strands entering the well so that they are so close to each other that the frictional contact with the load-bearing strands is strong enough to support the weight of the strands between the cassettes.

该方法有这样的缺点，将沿其长度方向的不同部位具有不同粗细的可绕股线（这些部位相对于股线的直径差来讲是较长的）缠绕在绕线盘上，绕线盘比并排排列的一层股线要宽些，那么较细的股线就要绕在粗线之间并压在早已绕在绕线盘上的最细股线上。这将导致绕线盘每绕一圈，缠绕其上的较细股线比起较粗股线来说要短些。当放线作业将股线安装在井下时，把绕线盘每绕一圈所绕下的较长的粗股线与承重股线连接起来，而不产生不理想的弯曲或皱折，这样做如果可能也将是很困难的。而且，在安装大量股线的情况中，包括几条沿其长度方向的不同的部分有不同粗细的股线，如果每条不同粗细的股线都从各自的绕线盘上绕上绕下，井口的工作空间将变得很拥挤，可使安装工作不能完成或难以开展。本发明至少部分地是以如何避免大部分拥挤问题为前题的。This method has the disadvantage that winding strands with different thicknesses at different parts along its length (these parts are longer relative to the diameter difference of the strands) are wound on the winding reel, and the winding reel Wider than a layer of strands arranged side by side, the thinner strands are wound between the thicker strands and pressed on top of the thinnest strands already wound on the reel. This will result in the thinner strands being wound around it with a shorter length of time than the thicker strands for each turn of the spool. When laying out the strands and installing them underground, connect the longer thick strands wound by the winding reel with the load-bearing strands without undesired bending or wrinkling. It would be difficult if possible. Moreover, in the case of installing a large number of strands, including several strands of different thicknesses at different portions along their length, if each of the strands of different thickness is wound on and off from a respective winding reel, The workspace at the wellhead will become congested, making installation impossible or difficult. The present invention is premised, at least in part, on how to avoid most of the congestion problem.

因此，本发明的目的就是安置来自一个绕线盘的含有变直径股线的缆束，但绕线盘每线一圈所绕下的较长的粗股线并不产生非理想的弯曲或皱折。It is therefore an object of the present invention to accommodate bundles containing variable diameter strands from one reel without undesirably bending or wrinkling the longer, thicker strands per turn of the reel. fold.

本发明的方法其特征在于包括如下步骤：The method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the steps:

缠绕上可绕带，该带（a）可在绕线盘凸缘之间伸展开，而且（b）跨在不同粗细股线并列排成的股线层上，以形成基本上平坦的表面，接收下一层股线;Wrapping a windable tape which (a) can be stretched between the flanges of the reel and (b) straddles layers of strands of different thicknesses arranged side by side to form a substantially flat surface, Receive the next layer of strands;

将不同粗细的股线放线送入井中，同时将可绕带缠绕到另一绕线装置上。The strands of different thicknesses are paid out into the well while the spoolable tape is wound onto another spooling device.

下面参照附图详细讲解本发明，其中：Explain the present invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:

图1是根据本发明将一束缆线送入井内的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a bundle of cables being run into a well according to the present invention.

图2表示根据本发明安装在井内的电加热器装置的一部分。Figure 2 shows a part of an electric heater unit installed in a well according to the invention.

图3表示适于用作本发明安装的变直径股线的金属铠装电缆之间的接头。Figure 3 shows a joint between metal armored cables suitable for use as variable diameter strands installed in accordance with the present invention.

图4表示用适于本发明的方法捆绑一条股线缆束的情况。Fig. 4 shows the case of bundling a bundle of cables with the method suitable for the present invention.

图5是根据本发明缠绕有粗细不均匀的股线的绕线盘的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a winding reel wound with strands of non-uniform thickness according to the present invention.

图1表示了适于安装很大的缆束的布局结构，该缆束包括6条金属铠装电加热器电缆，一条可绕钢管，两条热偶电缆和一条承重股线。如图所示，井装配有带井口的导管1，套管2悬于井口内。支撑框架3安装在井口上方，支撑着分离的上、下股路导引模4和5。Figure 1 shows a layout suitable for installation of a very large cable harness consisting of 6 metal-clad electric heater cables, a coilable steel pipe, two thermocouple cables and a load-bearing strand. As shown in the figure, the well is equipped with a conduit 1 with a wellhead, and a casing 2 is suspended in the wellhead. The support frame 3 is installed above the wellhead, supporting the separated upper and lower strand guide molds 4 and 5.

在所示的情况中，卡带6捆在进入套管2的缆束周围。绕线盘7上缠有电缆8，该电缆沿其长度方向粗细不同，绕线盘7还在电缆层间缠有可绕带9。电缆经过安装在垂直支架（未示）上的滑轮10或类似导引装置送入井内。可绕带9同时转绕到绕线盘11上。除了电缆8外，一对热偶电缆12也从一个缠绕装置（未示）上绕下，经滑轮13送入井内。类似地，钢管14从一缠绕装置（未示）上绕下，经滑轮15送入井内。承重金属股线16从一装置（未示）上绕下，经滑轮17送入井内。In the case shown, acassette tape 6 is tied around the cable harness entering the bushing 2 . A cable 8 is wound on the winding reel 7, and the cable has different thicknesses along its length direction, and the winding reel 7 is also wound with a winding tape 9 between the cable layers. The cables are fed into the well via pulleys 10 or similar guides mounted on vertical supports (not shown). The tape 9 can be wound onto the reel 11 at the same time. In addition to the cable 8, a pair ofthermocouple cables 12 are also unwound from a winding device (not shown) and fed through a pulley 13 into the well. Similarly, steel pipe 14 is unwound from a winding device (not shown) and fed into the well via pulley 15. The load-bearingmetal strands 16 are spooled from a device (not shown) and fed via a pulley 17 into the well.

缆束由上、下导引块4和5聚拢。卡带（如卡带6），紧紧捆住缆束，使股线与承重股线如金属线16之间的摩擦力足以支撑卡带间股线的重量。机械捆绑装置，在施加力时，可穿过如卡环6a将可绕性卡带如钢带拉紧，并将卡环弯皱，使卡带固定在正确位置上，这类装置可买到。例如，一个适合的装置是Signode    Air    Binder    Model    PNSC34，其它的适合装置可从Rede或Centrilift Pump公司买到。The cable harness is gathered by upper and lower guide blocks 4 and 5. Cassettes (such as cassettes 6) tightly bind the cable harness so that the friction between the strands and the load-bearing strands, such asmetal wires 16, is sufficient to support the weight of the strands between the cassettes. A mechanical binding device, when applying force, can pass through such as clasp 6a to tighten the revolvable cassette such as a steel band, and crimp the clasp to fix the cassette in the correct position. This type of device is commercially available. For example, one suitable device is Signode Air Binder Model PNSC34, other suitable devices are available from Rede or Centrilift Available from Pump Company.

图2表示加热装置的下端。如图所示，套管2的底端封有隔液帽20。承重金属线16预先由垂砣18拽入套管2的底部。一对加热电缆（如形成最低加热器的那些电缆）的端部连接处19，由卡带6捆扎在金属线16上。热电偶12在靠近端部连接处的地方也同样要捆扎在金属线上。在最低加热器产生高温的地方，最好在加热器上方采用一段钢铠装矿物绝缘电缆，以维持一个相对凉的区段，该段电缆具有与加热器电缆相同的外径，但其导电芯要足够粗以便向加热器供电而不会产生高温。如图所示，在这个凉区段的上端，较粗输电电缆8a由连接器或接合器，如接合器21，连接于较细的加热电缆8b。Figure 2 shows the lower end of the heating device. As shown in the figure, the bottom end of the casing 2 is sealed with aliquid isolation cap 20 . The load-bearingmetal wire 16 is dragged into the bottom of the sleeve pipe 2 by thevertical weight 18 in advance. Theend connections 19 of a pair of heating cables, such as those forming the lowest heater, are bound to thewires 16 by aband 6. Thethermocouple 12 is likewise bound to the wire near the end connections. Where the lowest heater produces high temperatures, it is best to maintain a relatively cool section above the heater with a length of steel armored mineral insulated cable having the same outer diameter as the heater cable but with a conductive core Be thick enough to power the heater without generating high temperatures. As shown, at the upper end of this cool section, a thickerpower supply cable 8a is connected to athinner heating cable 8b by a connector or adapter, such asadapter 21.

图3表示一个如接合器21的电缆接合器，将电缆8较粗的供电部分8a连接于维持恒定高温的较细部分8b，而不产生过多的热量，以便在供电电缆与加热器之间提供一个缓冲区。在所示连接器中，外套管21括围着有绝缘保护的电缆导电芯连接部分。在最佳实施例中，供电部分8a包括铜铠装、矿物绝缘、铜芯电缆，加热电缆部分8b包括钢铠装、矿质绝缘、直径很细的铜芯电缆。Figure 3 shows a cable splicer such assplicer 21, which connects the thickerpower supply portion 8a of the cable 8 to thethinner portion 8b that maintains a constant high temperature without generating excessive heat, so that there is a gap between the power supply cable and the heater. Provide a buffer. In the illustrated connector, theouter sleeve 21 encloses the connection portion of the conductive core of the cable which is protected by insulation. In the preferred embodiment, thepower supply part 8a comprises a copper armored, mineral insulated, copper core cable and theheating cable part 8b comprises a steel armored, mineral insulated, fine diameter copper core cable.

图4表示了在缆束进入如套管2的套管内时，由卡带扎在一起的缆束。如图所示，缆束包括六条导电缆8，两条热偶电缆12以及可绕钢管14，塞入可绕钢管14，能增加与金属线16的摩擦力，即便是在接近电缆接合器如接合器21的地方也如此。最好是让电缆接合器位于三个接合器21可接触三根8a电缆的铠装的位置。在这样的结构中，足够支撑很长股线重量的摩擦力易于传给缆束中所有的股线，即便是在含有接合器或变直径股线节点处的那些地方，也是如此。FIG. 4 shows a bundle of cables held together by a clip as the bundle enters a casing such as casing 2 . As shown in the figure, the cable harness includes six conductive cables 8, twothermocouple cables 12 and a coilable steel pipe 14, which is inserted into the coilable steel tube 14, which can increase the friction with themetal wire 16, even when it is close to the cable joint such as The same applies to the place of theadapter 21 . Preferably, the cable splicers are located where the threesplices 21 can contact the armor of the three 8a cables. In such a construction, frictional forces sufficient to support the weight of very long strands are readily transmitted to all strands in the harness, even those containing splicers or nodes of variable diameter strands.

图5是示意图，表示在不同部位有不同粗细的股线（如金属铠装输电电缆8a和加热电缆8b），在缠绕装置7上的较好排列结构，缠绕装置7具有带凸缘7b的绕线盘7a。在绕线盘表面7a之上的凸缘7b之间的距离接近且稍大于不同粗细的股线以其最粗部分并排成一层的宽度。在股线是不同粗细的电缆8的情况中，其最粗部分包括如接合器21那样的接合器。图5表示了一层缠绕在绕线盘7a上的六条电缆8，它们的最内端连接于或适于连接于与电源相接的元件。可绕带9同时缠绕在绕线盘上，覆盖在每层股线层上并基本上伸展到凸缘7b，跨在股线最粗部分上，有效地、连续地形成较大的平坦表面，其上可绕下一层电缆。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing that there are strands of different thicknesses in different positions (such as metal armoredpower transmission cable 8a andheating cable 8b), and a better arrangement structure on the winding device 7, the winding device 7 has a winding with a flange 7b Wire reel 7a. The distance between the flanges 7b above the surface 7a of the winding disc is close to and slightly larger than the width of the strands of different thicknesses arranged in a single layer at their thickest parts. In the case where the strands are cables 8 of different thicknesses, the thickest part thereof comprises a splicer likesplicer 21 . Figure 5 shows a layer of six cables 8 wound on a reel 7a, the innermost ends of which are connected or adapted to be connected to components connected to the power supply. The tape 9 is simultaneously wound on the reel, covering each strand layer and extending substantially to the flange 7b, straddling the thickest part of the strands, effectively and continuously forming a large flat surface, The next layer of cable can be wound on it.

如图5所示，股线包括由最上部加热器至下部加热器之间的电缆，由于没有输电电缆通向最上部加热器，所留下的空间可由填空线如线22占据。其后，在将电缆放入井下时，这类填空线可以缠绕到另一绕线盘上，其方法与重绕可绕性带9的方法相同。As shown in Figure 5, the strands include cables from the uppermost heater to the lower heater, since there is no power cable leading to the uppermost heater, the space left can be occupied by a filler wire such as wire 22. Thereafter, when the cable is lowered, this type of filler wire can be wound onto another reel in the same way as the rewindable band 9 is rewound.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of installation contains the method for cable bundle that at least one load-bearing strand and at least two different parts along its length direction have the strand of different thicknesses, comprising:

The strand of different thicknesses is supported on the wire spool, wire spool have spacing near and be a bit larger tham the flange that the thickest part of strand is lined up the width of one deck side by side;

Together send into described load-bearing strand and intrafascicular other strand and the uneven strand of thickness of cable in the well;

Tie up the strand that just enters in the well, it is close to mutually, so that enough strong with the CONTACT WITH FRICTION of load-bearing strand, but the weight of support card interband strand;

It is characterized in that also comprising:

But strip winding in the winding, this band (a) can trail between the wire spool flange, and: (b) on the strand layer of lining up side by side across the different thicknesses strand,, receive one deck strand down to form smooth basically surface;

The strand unwrapping wire of different thicknesses is sent in the well, but simultaneously strip winding is wound on another Winder.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein the uneven strand of thickness is meant metal armouring, the transmission of electricity of mineral insulation and the coupling part head to head of heating cable.

3, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that wherein entering cable bundle in the well comprises can be around steel pipe.

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