CN100546948C - Plant source disease-resistant foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种植物源抗病型叶面肥及其制备方法。原料组分包括牛蒡提取液、牛蒡寡糖、磷酸二氢钾，以及Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe、Cu等中、微量元素，螯合剂柠檬酸。先将牛蒡提取液稀释加入中、微量元素和柠檬酸进行螯合，再加入牛蒡寡糖、磷酸二氢钾混合均匀后加表面活性剂。本发明的叶面肥抗病成分牛蒡寡糖及牛蒡提取液中含有的绿原酸，组分及制备过程均无污染、无毒害，集营养、抗病于一体，能够提高作物自身免疫力，促进作物健壮、抗病性增强，进而达到提高作物产量和品质的目的。The invention relates to a plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The raw material components include burdock extract, burdock oligosaccharides, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, medium and trace elements such as Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, etc., and chelating agent citric acid. Dilute the burdock extract and add medium and trace elements and citric acid for chelation, then add burdock oligosaccharides and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix evenly, and then add surfactant. The anti-disease component of the foliar fertilizer burdock oligosaccharide and the chlorogenic acid contained in the burdock extract of the present invention have no pollution and no toxicity in the components and the preparation process, integrate nutrition and disease resistance, and can improve the self-immunity of crops. Promote crop robustness and enhanced disease resistance, thereby achieving the purpose of improving crop yield and quality.

Description

Translated fromChinese

植物源抗病型叶面肥及其制备方法Plant source disease-resistant foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种利用药食同源植物提取液生产叶面肥的方法，属于叶面肥技术领域。The invention relates to a method for producing foliar fertilizer by using the extract liquid of homologous plants of medicine and food, and belongs to the technical field of foliar fertilizer.

背景技术Background technique

叶面肥以其吸收快、利用率高、用量少、针对性强，作为补充植物所需养分、提高植物抗性的一种措施而被广泛应用于农业生产。Foliar fertilizer is widely used in agricultural production because of its fast absorption, high utilization rate, low dosage and strong pertinence, as a measure to supplement the nutrients needed by plants and improve plant resistance.

生产中应用的叶面肥种类主要包括以下几种：1、养分型叶面肥。该类叶面肥主要含有植物生长所需的大量、中量和微量元素。2、激素型叶面肥。该类叶面肥中含有调节植物生长发育的物质，主要功能是调控作物生长发育，适宜植物生长前期和中期使用。如生长素、己酸二乙氨基乙醇脂(DA-6)、复硝酚钠、吲哚乙酸等。3、生物型叶面肥。该类肥料中含微生物体及其代谢物，如氨基酸、核苷酸、核酸类物质。主要功能是刺激作物生长，促进作物代谢，减轻和防止病虫害的发生等。4、复合型叶面肥。既含有植物需要的养分和植物生长调节剂，还添加了农药、微生物制剂等。其功能是复合型的，既可提供营养，又能刺激作物的生长，调控发育。The types of foliar fertilizers used in production mainly include the following: 1. Nutrient foliar fertilizers. This type of foliar fertilizer mainly contains the macro, moderate and micro elements needed for plant growth. 2. Hormone-type foliar fertilizer. This type of foliar fertilizer contains substances that regulate plant growth and development. Its main function is to regulate the growth and development of crops. It is suitable for use in the early and middle stages of plant growth. Such as auxin, diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6), sodium nitrophenolate, indole acetic acid, etc. 3. Biological foliar fertilizer. This type of fertilizer contains microorganisms and their metabolites, such as amino acids, nucleotides, and nucleic acid substances. The main function is to stimulate crop growth, promote crop metabolism, reduce and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, etc. 4. Compound foliar fertilizer. It not only contains the nutrients and plant growth regulators needed by plants, but also adds pesticides and microbial agents. Its function is complex, it can not only provide nutrition, but also stimulate the growth of crops and regulate development.

上述几类叶面肥产品在提高作物产量、抗性及品质方面均起到一定作用。但也存在以下几点主要问题：1、为提高叶面肥的效果，加入了潜在的危害因素。部分叶面肥中加入了植物生长调节剂类物质，如激素型叶面肥。目前，国内外在农业上使用的调节剂物质主要是化学合成的，如赤霉素、萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸等，该类物质都能显著提高产量、促进早熟，但多数功能比较单一，不能够提高农产品品质。用该类产品催熟的水果或蔬菜，表面看似成熟，实际内瓤仍是生的，口感很差，营养价值很低，甚至还有一定的毒性，该类物质进入人体，严重影响人类健康，如青少年发育过快、成熟过早等副作用，日益明显。此外，该类叶面肥虽能刺激植物生长，但当作物(如蔬菜类)收成后第二、三天即变色腐烂，无法投放市场，对于某些植物虽然有益，但对多年作物(如需留种的花生)等均不适宜。某些复合型叶面肥产品带有刺激的气味和臭味，而且使用浓度不适会损害作物，对环境保护有负面影响。2、功效特性普遍不强。许多叶面喷施剂的养分配方与目标作物的养分需求差异不吻合，造成施用效果不佳。3、产品质量不稳定。许多产品贮存期短，易产生稀释沉淀，有效成分难以保证，施用效果不佳。还有的产品随着温度的变化产生盐析现象，最终给喷施使用造成困难。如部分氨基酸叶面肥中的微量元素在氨基酸液相中以悬浮状态存在，影响植物对其吸收，效果欠佳。The above-mentioned types of foliar fertilizer products all play a certain role in improving crop yield, resistance and quality. But there are also the following major problems: 1. In order to improve the effect of foliar fertilizer, potential harmful factors have been added. Plant growth regulators are added to some foliar fertilizers, such as hormone-based foliar fertilizers. At present, the regulator substances used in agriculture at home and abroad are mainly chemically synthesized, such as gibberellin, naphthaleneacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, etc. These substances can significantly increase yield and promote early maturity, but most of them have single functions and are not Can improve the quality of agricultural products. The fruit or vegetable ripened by this kind of product looks ripe on the surface, but the actual flesh is still raw, the taste is very bad, the nutritional value is very low, and there is even a certain degree of toxicity. Such substances enter the human body and seriously affect human health. , Side effects such as rapid development and premature maturity of adolescents are becoming more and more obvious. In addition, although this type of foliar fertilizer can stimulate plant growth, it will discolor and rot in the second or third day after the crops (such as vegetables) are harvested, and cannot be put on the market. Peanuts that have been reserved for seeds) are not suitable. Some compound foliar fertilizer products have irritating odor and odor, and the use of improper concentration will damage crops and have a negative impact on environmental protection. 2. The functional characteristics are generally not strong. Nutrient formulations of many foliar sprays do not match the differences in nutrient requirements of target crops, resulting in ineffective application. 3. The product quality is unstable. Many products have a short storage period and are prone to dilution and precipitation. It is difficult to guarantee the active ingredients and the application effect is not good. Some products produce salting-out phenomenon with the change of temperature, which finally causes difficulties for spraying and using. For example, the trace elements in some amino acid foliar fertilizers exist in a suspended state in the amino acid liquid phase, which affects the absorption of plants, and the effect is not good.

目前，以植物活性物质为主成分的叶面肥产品是叶面肥行业发展的一个新方向。所谓植物活性物质就是从天然植物中提取的某些具有特殊效果的有效成分。由于其符合现代生态农业的要求，且具有来源广泛、开发投入少、附加值高、市场发展空间大等优点，所以植物活性物质成为研制生物产品的主要原料。At present, foliar fertilizer products with plant active substances as the main component are a new direction for the development of the foliar fertilizer industry. The so-called plant active substances are some active ingredients with special effects extracted from natural plants. Because it meets the requirements of modern ecological agriculture, and has the advantages of extensive sources, low development investment, high added value, and large market development space, plant active substances have become the main raw materials for the development of biological products.

当前出现的用于叶面喷施的“绿色、环保、健康”产品，大部分属于生物农药的范畴，属于叶面肥产品的数量较少。这些产品一般采用天然产物作为主成分，但存在作用单一、针对性差、成本高等缺点。例如，公告号为CN1454876A的中国专利文件公开了一种蘑菇提取液叶面肥制造技术，该叶面肥是一种通用型叶面肥，没有根据作物所需加入中、微量元素，所以针对性差。此外，成品中有少量饱和沉淀，虽然稀释50倍以上消失，但依然含有5％的不溶物。并且，其蘑菇提取液采用酸解或碱解的方法获得，提取工艺复杂，成本较高，因此，其应用及推广具有一定的局限性。Most of the "green, environmentally friendly, and healthy" products currently appearing for foliar spraying belong to the category of biopesticides, and the number of foliar fertilizer products is relatively small. These products generally use natural products as the main ingredients, but they have the disadvantages of single function, poor pertinence, and high cost. For example, the Chinese patent document with the notification number CN1454876A discloses a mushroom extract liquid foliar fertilizer manufacturing technology. This foliar fertilizer is a general-purpose foliar fertilizer without adding medium and trace elements according to the needs of the crops, so the pertinence is poor. . In addition, there is a small amount of saturated precipitate in the finished product, although it disappears after being diluted more than 50 times, it still contains 5% insoluble matter. Moreover, the mushroom extract is obtained by acid hydrolysis or alkaline hydrolysis, and the extraction process is complicated and the cost is high. Therefore, its application and promotion have certain limitations.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供植物源抗病型叶面肥及其制备方法，得到一种天然无毒、生产方法简单、成本低、稳定性好、针对性强并集营养、抗病于一体的作物叶面肥。The object of the present invention is to provide a plant source disease-resistant foliar fertilizer and its preparation method to obtain a crop that is naturally non-toxic, has a simple production method, low cost, good stability, strong pertinence, and integrates nutrition and disease resistance. Foliar fertilizer.

本发明针对目前市场上叶面肥产品存在的为提高叶面肥效果而加入有害物质的问题，从药食同源植物牛蒡中提取出天然无毒的抗病物质；为解决稳定性差的问题，本发明以牛蒡提取液为溶剂，并将作物所需的微量元素用牛蒡提取液中含有的有机酸及加入的柠檬酸充分螯合，使其以螯合形态存在；为解决针对性差的问题，本发明针对作物的营养特点及其生长的土壤条件，配以植物所需养分。The present invention aims at the problem of adding harmful substances in order to improve the effect of foliar fertilizers existing in the current market, and extracts natural non-toxic disease-resistant substances from the medicinal and edible homologous plant burdock; in order to solve the problem of poor stability, The present invention uses the burdock extract as a solvent, and fully chelates the trace elements required by crops with the organic acid contained in the burdock extract and the added citric acid, so that it exists in a chelated form; in order to solve the problem of poor pertinence, According to the nutritional characteristics of the crops and the soil conditions for their growth, the invention is equipped with the nutrients required by the plants.

本发明的植物源抗病型叶面肥，原料组分重量份如下：Plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer of the present invention, raw material component weight parts are as follows:

牛蒡提取液10倍稀释液    100份10 times dilution of burdock extract 100 parts

牛蒡寡糖                1～2份Burdock oligosaccharides 1~2 parts

磷酸二氢钾              5～10份Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-10 parts

硫酸镁                  0～2份Magnesium sulfate 0～2 parts

硫酸锰                  3～5份Manganese sulfate 3-5 parts

硫酸锌                  2～5份Zinc sulfate 2-5 parts

硫酸亚铁                0～10份Ferrous sulfate 0～10 parts

硼酸                    0～10份Boric acid 0～10 parts

钼酸铵                  0～2份Ammonium molybdate 0～2 parts

硫酸铜                  0～1份Copper sulfate 0～1 parts

柠檬酸                  5～20份Citric acid 5-20 parts

表面活性剂吐温-80占以上原料总质量的0.1～0.5％wt。The surfactant Tween-80 accounts for 0.1-0.5%wt of the total mass of the above raw materials.

本发明上述组分中的牛蒡提取液是由牛蒡根干粉热水浸提而得的，浸提固液比为牛蒡根干粉∶水＝1∶15～20重量比。下同。The burdock extract in the above components of the present invention is obtained by leaching burdock root dry powder with hot water, and the extraction solid-liquid ratio is burdock root dry powder:water=1:15-20 weight ratio. The same below.

本发明上述组分中的牛蒡寡糖，其中寡糖含量80～85％。可市购，也可参照CN 1485344A公开的方法对牛蒡提取液进行脱色、脱蛋白处理制得。The burdock oligosaccharide in the above components of the present invention has an oligosaccharide content of 80-85%. Commercially available, it can also be obtained by decolorizing and deproteinizing the burdock extract with reference to the method disclosed in CN 1485344A.

本发明上述组分中的大量元素K选用磷酸二氢钾，Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe、Cu等中、微量元素均选用其硫酸盐形态，B、Mo分别选用硼酸、钼酸铵。The major element K in the above-mentioned components of the present invention is selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the medium and trace elements such as Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu are all selected from its sulfate form, and B and Mo are selected from boric acid and ammonium molybdate respectively.

本发明所述的植物源抗病型叶面肥，针对粮食作物的原料组分重量份的优选如下：The plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer of the present invention is preferably as follows for the raw material component weight portion of food crops:

牛蒡提取液10倍稀释液    100份10 times dilution of burdock extract 100 parts

牛蒡寡糖                1份Burdock oligosaccharide 1 part

磷酸二氢钾              8～10份Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8-10 parts

硫酸锰                  3～5份Manganese sulfate 3-5 parts

硫酸锌                  2～3份Zinc sulfate 2 to 3 parts

硫酸铜                  0.5～1份Copper sulfate 0.5～1 parts

柠檬酸                  5～8份Citric acid 5-8 parts

表面活性剂吐温-80占以上原料总质量的0.5％wt。The surfactant Tween-80 accounts for 0.5%wt of the total mass of the above raw materials.

本发明所述的植物源抗病型叶面肥，针对叶菜类作物的原料组分重量份的优选如下：The plant-derived disease-resistant foliar fertilizer of the present invention is preferably as follows for the raw material component weight parts of leafy vegetable crops:

牛蒡提取液10倍稀释液    100份10 times dilution of burdock extract 100 parts

牛蒡寡糖                2份Burdock oligosaccharides 2 parts

磷酸二氢钾              5～7份Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5-7 parts

硫酸锰                  3～5份Manganese sulfate 3-5 parts

硫酸锌                  4～5份Zinc sulfate 4-5 parts

硼酸                    8～10份Boric acid 8-10 parts

钼酸铵                  1～2份Ammonium molybdate 1~2 parts

硫酸铜                  0.5～1份Copper sulfate 0.5～1 parts

柠檬酸                  15～20份Citric acid 15-20 parts

表面活性剂吐温-80占以上原料总质量的0.3％wt。Surfactant Tween-80 accounts for 0.3%wt of the total mass of the above raw materials.

本发明所述的植物源抗病型叶面肥，针对瓜类作物的原料组分重量份的优选如下：The plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer of the present invention is preferably as follows for the raw material component weight portion of melon crops:

牛蒡提取液10倍稀释液    100份10 times dilution of burdock extract 100 parts

牛蒡寡糖                2份Burdock oligosaccharides 2 parts

磷酸二氢钾              8～10份Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8-10 parts

硫酸镁                  1.5～2份Magnesium sulfate 1.5-2 parts

硫酸锰                  3～5份Manganese sulfate 3-5 parts

硫酸锌                  3～5份Zinc sulfate 3-5 parts

硫酸亚铁                5～10份Ferrous sulfate 5-10 parts

硼酸                    5～10份Boric acid 5-10 parts

钼酸铵                  1.5～2份Ammonium molybdate 1.5～2 parts

柠檬酸                  14～18份Citric acid 14-18 parts

表面活性剂吐温-80占以上原料总质量的0.3％wt。Surfactant Tween-80 accounts for 0.3%wt of the total mass of the above raw materials.

本发明的植物源抗病型叶面肥的制备方法，步骤如下：The preparation method of plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer of the present invention, the steps are as follows:

(1)牛蒡根干粉过40目筛，按固液比1∶15～20重量比加水，在水浴振荡器上浸提，温度60～70℃，提取时间为1～1.5小时，即得牛蒡提取液原液。(1) The dry powder of burdock root is passed through a 40-mesh sieve, and water is added according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15-20 by weight, extracted on a water-bath oscillator at a temperature of 60-70°C, and the extraction time is 1-1.5 hours to obtain burdock extract Liquid stock solution.

(2)将步骤(1)的牛蒡提取液原液加水稀释10倍，加到反应釜中，再根据作物所需向反应釜中加入硫酸镁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁、硼酸、钼酸铵和硫酸铜，搅拌溶解，再加入螯合剂柠檬酸，调温至60～80℃、pH值至4.5～6.5，进行螯合反应，反应0.5～1小时。(2) the burdock extract solution stoste of step (1) is diluted 10 times with water, add in the reactor, then add magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, molybdenum in the reactor according to crop needs Ammonium acid and copper sulfate are stirred and dissolved, then chelating agent citric acid is added, the temperature is adjusted to 60-80°C, the pH value is 4.5-6.5, and the chelating reaction is carried out for 0.5-1 hour.

(3)螯合反应完毕后，冷却至室温，向反应釜中加入牛蒡寡糖、磷酸二氢钾，溶解，搅拌混匀。(3) After the chelation reaction is completed, cool to room temperature, add arctium oligosaccharides and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into the reaction kettle, dissolve, stir and mix.

(4)将步骤(3)的混合溶液通过真空过滤机过滤，去除原料中可能存在的杂质沉淀，然后入液体砂磨机进一步搅拌，使混合液均匀。(4) Filter the mixed solution in step (3) through a vacuum filter to remove possible impurity precipitates in the raw material, and then put it into a liquid sand mill for further stirring to make the mixed solution uniform.

(5)将步骤(4)得到的混合均匀的混合液入成品釜，加入表面活性剂吐温-80，混合均匀，即得植物源抗病型叶面肥产品。(5) Put the homogeneously mixed mixture obtained in step (4) into a finished product kettle, add a surfactant Tween-80, and mix evenly to obtain a plant-derived disease-resistant foliar fertilizer product.

本发明与已有技术相比具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1、产品本身及其生产过程无污染，无毒害，具有绿色环保化的特点。1. The product itself and its production process are non-polluting, non-toxic, and have the characteristics of green and environmental protection.

本发明中的抗病成分是牛蒡寡糖及牛蒡提取液中含有的绿原酸。它们属于生物可降解物质，无残留，对人体无毒副作用，在人体内具有抗艾滋病毒(HIV)、抗癌、降血糖、清除氧自由基、防衰老、抗菌(主要抗金黄色葡萄球菌，对多种致病性真菌亦有不同程度的抑制作用)、预防猩红热和轻度利尿、泻下作用等，所以应用该物质研制叶面肥可提高产品的安全性，减少环境污染，是发展绿色无公害农业的高科技产品。The anti-disease components in the present invention are burdock oligosaccharides and chlorogenic acid contained in burdock extract. They are biodegradable substances, no residue, no toxic side effects on the human body, anti-AIDS virus (HIV), anti-cancer, hypoglycemic, scavenging oxygen free radicals, anti-aging, antibacterial (mainly anti-Staphylococcus aureus, It also has different degrees of inhibitory effect on a variety of pathogenic fungi), preventing scarlet fever and mild diuresis, diarrhea, etc., so the application of this substance to develop foliar fertilizers can improve product safety and reduce environmental pollution. High-tech products for pollution-free agriculture.

2、本产品具有抗病、提质、增产等多功能化的特点。2. This product has multi-functional features such as disease resistance, quality improvement, and production increase.

本发明中的牛蒡提取液富含大量的淀粉、蛋白质、糖类、绿原酸、异绿原酸、咖啡酸等有机酸活性成分、醛和铁、锰、铜、锌、钙等矿物质。其中，牛蒡寡糖具有诱导植物系统抗性产生，降低发病率的作用。大量盆栽和田间试验表明，喷施牛蒡寡糖可使黄瓜白粉病、番茄灰霉病发病率降低，相对防效达到40～60％；绿原酸对植物病原真菌孢子的萌发有一定的抑制作用，尤其对疫霉菌和葫芦刺盘孢孢子萌发的抑制作用最为明显，在较低浓度时即可造成孢子萌发的明显畸变。盆栽和大棚防治试验表明，绿原酸对黄瓜枯萎病的相对防效可达50％以上，对辣椒疫病的相对防效达45～70％。此外，绿原酸还具有清除活性氧的作用，它可以预防自由基的形成，或是在自由基形成之后防止它们与机体其它的细胞分子结合，所以利用该物质研制的叶面肥产品还具有清除自由基、抗氧化的作用；铁、锰、铜、锌、钙等矿物质及添加的微量元素均是作物生长发育必需的元素，具有促进植物生长、抗性增强、提高品质的作用。The burdock extract in the present invention is rich in organic acid active ingredients such as a large amount of starch, protein, sugar, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, aldehydes and minerals such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium. Among them, burdock oligosaccharides can induce plant systemic resistance and reduce the incidence of disease. A large number of potted plants and field experiments have shown that spraying burdock oligosaccharides can reduce the incidence of cucumber powdery mildew and tomato gray mold, and the relative control effect can reach 40-60%; chlorogenic acid has a certain inhibitory effect on the germination of phytopathogenic fungal spores , especially the inhibitory effect on spore germination of Phytophthora and Trichosporum cucurbita is the most obvious, and it can cause obvious distortion of spore germination at lower concentrations. Potted plants and greenhouse control tests show that the relative control effect of chlorogenic acid on cucumber wilt can reach more than 50%, and the relative control effect on pepper blight can reach 45-70%. In addition, chlorogenic acid also has the function of scavenging active oxygen, which can prevent the formation of free radicals, or prevent them from combining with other cell molecules in the body after the formation of free radicals, so the foliar fertilizer products developed using this substance also have Scavenging free radicals and anti-oxidation; iron, manganese, copper, zinc, calcium and other minerals and added trace elements are essential elements for crop growth and development, and can promote plant growth, enhance resistance, and improve quality.

同时，本发明以牛蒡提取液为溶剂，充分利用了植物体内多种活性有效组分的协同增效作用，通过均衡的营养来培育健壮植株，增强作物生长发育的内在活力和抗病性，对作物因营养失调而引起的各种生理病害有显著的防治效果，对其它侵染性病害也有很好的预防效果，使作物抗性增强的同时，产量和品质也显著提高。Simultaneously, the present invention uses the burdock extract as a solvent, fully utilizes the synergistic effect of multiple active and effective components in the plant, cultivates robust plants through balanced nutrition, enhances the intrinsic vitality and disease resistance of crop growth and development, and is beneficial to It has a significant control effect on various physiological diseases caused by crop nutritional imbalance, and also has a good preventive effect on other infectious diseases. While enhancing crop resistance, yield and quality are also significantly improved.

3、本产品针对性强，具有专用化的特点。3. This product is highly targeted and has the characteristics of specialization.

本发明针对不同作物的需肥特点及其生长的土壤养分状况，并考虑到不同作物生长过程中经常出现的严重病害，进而确定需要添加的营养元素。所以生产出的产品针对性强，具有专用化的特点，如蔬菜专用型、西瓜专用型、小麦专用型等产品。The invention aims at the fertilizer requirement characteristics of different crops and the soil nutrient status for their growth, and considers the serious diseases often occurring in the growth process of different crops, and then determines the nutritional elements to be added. Therefore, the products produced are highly targeted and have special characteristics, such as special types for vegetables, special types for watermelons, and special types for wheat.

4、本产品成分稳定、商品性高。4. This product has stable composition and high commerciality.

本发明采用牛蒡提取液为溶剂，可以利用其中的绿原酸、咖啡酸等有机酸将部分微量元素溶解或螯合，为防止出现过饱和沉淀，另外加入足量的柠檬酸，进一步将所有微量元素以非饱和的螯合形态存在，解决了叶面肥成分不稳定、易分解的问题。该产品放置一段时间后不会出现沉淀，稀释后也不会产生沉淀，水溶性强，喷洒时可以随用随加水溶解，溶解速度快。产品不会随着温度的变化产生盐析现象。The present invention uses burdock extract as a solvent, and can utilize organic acids such as chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid to dissolve or chelate some trace elements. In order to prevent supersaturated precipitation, a sufficient amount of citric acid is added to further dissolve all trace elements Elements exist in unsaturated chelated forms, which solves the problem of unstable and easy-to-decompose foliar fertilizer components. The product will not precipitate after being placed for a period of time, and will not produce precipitation after dilution. It has strong water solubility and can be dissolved by adding water when spraying, and the dissolution speed is fast. The product will not produce salting-out phenomenon with the change of temperature.

在生产过程中使用液体砂磨机，使得叶面肥产品液体更均匀；加入增稠剂，使得叶面肥的商品性更高。A liquid sand mill is used in the production process to make the foliar fertilizer liquid more uniform; adding a thickener makes the foliar fertilizer more commercially available.

5、原料价格低，生产工艺简单，用量省。5. The price of raw materials is low, the production process is simple, and the consumption is low.

本发明中采用的牛蒡根为等外根，主要当作废物抛弃。按保守估计仅山东、江苏两地1万多公顷牛蒡种植地，能年产10万吨等外牛蒡根。充分利用这些等外牛蒡根生产叶面肥，既可以变废为宝，也可以降低由此带来的环境污染。The burdock root that adopts among the present invention is equal outer root, is mainly discarded as waste. According to a conservative estimate, there are only more than 10,000 hectares of burdock planting land in Shandong and Jiangsu, with an annual output of 100,000 tons of burdock roots. Making full use of these burdock roots to produce foliage fertilizer can not only turn waste into treasure, but also reduce the environmental pollution caused by it.

从牛蒡根中提取的牛蒡寡糖本身是一种功能性果寡糖，无需果糖酶降解，所以采用热水浸提，降低了提取成本，保存了原液中有效成分活性，提取出的牛蒡寡糖纯品仅为市售寡糖产品价格的1/3-1/4。而且本发明采用牛蒡提取物为溶剂，能将提取液中的各种成分充分利用，减少浪费，且各成分间具有协同增效作用，可以提高利用率。所以每亩地仅用300克左右、成本为5元的该叶面肥产品，即呈现显著效果。The burdock oligosaccharide extracted from burdock root itself is a functional fructooligosaccharide, which does not need to be degraded by fructose enzymes, so hot water extraction is used to reduce the extraction cost and preserve the activity of the active ingredients in the original solution. The extracted burdock oligosaccharide The pure product is only 1/3-1/4 of the price of commercially available oligosaccharide products. Moreover, the present invention uses the burdock extract as a solvent, can fully utilize various components in the extract, reduces waste, and has a synergistic effect among the components, which can increase the utilization rate. Therefore, only about 300 grams of this foliar fertilizer product at a cost of 5 yuan per mu of land will show significant results.

总之，该植物源抗病型叶面肥是集营养、抗病于一体的，能够提高作物自身免疫力，促进作物健壮、抗病性增强，进而达到提高作物产量、品质的目的，性能稳定，对作物无毒、无害，对人类健康和环境不具有任何危险的肥料。该肥料能从根本上实现生产与生态的双赢，可取得重大的经济效益和环境效益，符合国家可持续发展的需求，顺应叶面肥发展的绿色环保化、天然化、专用化和功能化的趋势，与同类产品相比具有较强的竞争优势。In short, this plant-derived disease-resistant foliar fertilizer integrates nutrition and disease resistance. It can improve crop self-immunity, promote crop robustness, and enhance disease resistance, thereby achieving the purpose of improving crop yield and quality. It has stable performance. Fertilizers that are non-toxic and harmless to crops and do not pose any danger to human health or the environment. The fertilizer can fundamentally achieve a win-win situation between production and ecology, and can achieve significant economic and environmental benefits, which meets the needs of the country's sustainable development and conforms to the green, natural, specialized and functional development of foliar fertilizers. Compared with similar products, it has a strong competitive advantage.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不限于此。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but not limited thereto.

实施例1.小麦专用叶面肥Embodiment 1. Special foliar fertilizer for wheat

原料组分重量份如下：Raw material component parts by weight are as follows:

牛蒡提取液10倍稀释液100份，牛蒡寡糖1份，磷酸二氢钾10份，硫酸锰4份，硫酸铜0.5份，硫酸锌2份，柠檬酸6份，吐温-80含量为占以上原料总质量的0.5％wt。100 parts of 10-fold dilution of burdock extract, 1 part of burdock oligosaccharide, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.5 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of citric acid, and the content of Tween-80 is 0.5%wt of the total mass of the above raw materials.

制备方法，步骤如下：Preparation method, the steps are as follows:

(1)牛蒡根干粉过40目筛，按固液比1∶15重量比加水，在水浴振荡器上浸提，温度70℃，提取时间为1小时，即得牛蒡提取液原液。(1) The dry powder of burdock root is passed through a 40-mesh sieve, added with water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 by weight, extracted on a water-bath oscillator at a temperature of 70° C., and extracted for 1 hour to obtain the stock solution of burdock extract.

(2)将步骤(1)的牛蒡提取液原液加水稀释10倍，加到反应釜中，再向反应釜中加入硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硫酸锌，搅拌溶解，再加入螯合剂柠檬酸，调温至80℃、pH值至5.5，进行螯合反应，反应0.5小时。(2) the burdock extract solution stoste of step (1) is diluted 10 times with water, add in the reactor, then add manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate in the reactor, stirring and dissolving, then add chelating agent citric acid, adjust Temperature to 80°C, pH value to 5.5, carry out chelation reaction, and react for 0.5 hours.

(3)螯合反应完毕后，冷却至室温，向反应釜中加入牛蒡寡糖、磷酸二氢钾，溶解，搅拌混匀。(3) After the chelation reaction is completed, cool to room temperature, add arctium oligosaccharides and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into the reaction kettle, dissolve, stir and mix.

(4)将步骤(3)的混合溶液通过真空过滤机过滤，去除原料中可能存在的杂质沉淀，然后入液体砂磨机进一步搅拌，使混合液均匀。(4) Filter the mixed solution in step (3) through a vacuum filter to remove possible impurity precipitates in the raw material, and then put it into a liquid sand mill for further stirring to make the mixed solution uniform.

(5)将步骤(4)得到的混合均匀的混合液入成品釜，加入表面活性剂吐温-80，混合均匀，即得植物源抗病型叶面肥产品。(5) Put the homogeneously mixed mixture obtained in step (4) into a finished product kettle, add a surfactant Tween-80, and mix evenly to obtain a plant-derived disease-resistant foliar fertilizer product.

本实施例制得的叶面肥产品为小麦专用叶面肥。使用方法：小麦苗期结束后，按100克/亩兑水40～50公斤稀释，叶面喷洒2～3次，喷洒间隔期为15～20天。The foliar fertilizer product obtained in this example is a special foliar fertilizer for wheat. How to use: After the wheat seedling stage is over, dilute 100 g/mu with 40-50 kg of water, spray 2-3 times on the leaves, and the spraying interval is 15-20 days.

实施例2.菠菜专用叶面肥Embodiment 2. special foliage fertilizer for spinach

原料组分重量份如下：Raw material component parts by weight are as follows:

牛蒡提取液10倍稀释液100份，牛蒡寡糖2份，磷酸二氢钾5份，硫酸锌5份，硫酸锰3份，硫酸铜0.5份，钼酸铵2份，硼酸8份，柠檬酸16份，吐温-80含量为占以上原料总质量的0.3％wt。100 parts of 10-fold dilution of burdock extract, 2 parts of burdock oligosaccharide, 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.5 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 8 parts of boric acid, citric acid 16 parts, the content of Tween-80 is 0.3% wt of the total mass of the above raw materials.

制备方法，步骤如下：Preparation method, the steps are as follows:

(1)牛蒡根干粉过40目筛，按固液比1∶18重量比加水，在水浴振荡器上浸提，温度70℃，提取时间为1小时，即得牛蒡提取液原液。(1) The dry powder of burdock root is passed through a 40-mesh sieve, added with water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:18 by weight, extracted on a water-bath oscillator at a temperature of 70° C., and extracted for 1 hour to obtain the stock solution of burdock extract.

(2)将步骤(1)的牛蒡提取液原液加水稀释10倍，加到反应釜中，再向反应釜中加入硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、钼酸铵和硼酸，搅拌溶解，再加入螯合剂柠檬酸，调温至75℃、pH值至6.0，进行螯合反应，反应1小时。(2) Dilute the stock solution of the burdock extract solution in step (1) by 10 times with water, add it to the reactor, then add zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and boric acid to the reactor, stir to dissolve, and then add Chelating agent citric acid, adjust temperature to 75°C, pH value to 6.0, carry out chelation reaction, react for 1 hour.

步骤(3)-(5)同实施例1。Steps (3)-(5) are the same as in Example 1.

本实施例制得的叶面肥产品为菠菜专用叶面肥。使用方法：从苗期开始，按100克/亩兑水40～50公斤稀释后，叶面喷洒3～4次，喷洒间隔期为10～15天。The foliar fertilizer product obtained in this embodiment is a special foliar fertilizer for spinach. How to use: From the seedling stage, after diluting 100 g/mu with 40-50 kg of water, spray the foliage 3-4 times with an interval of 10-15 days.

实施例3.西瓜专用叶面肥Embodiment 3. special foliar fertilizer for watermelon

原料组分重量份如下：Raw material component parts by weight are as follows:

牛蒡提取液10倍稀释液100份，牛蒡寡糖2份，磷酸二氢钾10份，硫酸锌4份，硼酸5份，硫酸锰4份，硫酸镁2份，硫酸亚铁5份，钼酸铵2份，柠檬酸15份，吐温-80含量为占以上原料总质量的0.3％。100 parts of 10-fold dilution of burdock extract, 2 parts of burdock oligosaccharide, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of manganese sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, molybdic acid 2 parts of ammonium, 15 parts of citric acid, and the content of Tween-80 is 0.3% of the total mass of the above raw materials.

制备方法，步骤如下：Preparation method, the steps are as follows:

(1)牛蒡根干粉过40目筛，按固液比1∶18重量比加水，在水浴振荡器上浸提，温度70℃，提取时间为1小时，即得牛蒡提取液原液。(1) The dry powder of burdock root is passed through a 40-mesh sieve, added with water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:18 by weight, extracted on a water-bath oscillator at a temperature of 70° C., and extracted for 1 hour to obtain the stock solution of burdock extract.

(2)将步骤(1)的牛蒡提取液原液加水稀释10倍，加到反应釜中，再向反应釜中加入硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸镁、硫酸亚铁、硼酸和钼酸铵，搅拌溶解，再加入螯合剂柠檬酸，调温至70℃、pH值至6.5，进行螯合反应，反应1小时。(2) the burdock extract stock solution of step (1) is diluted 10 times with water, add in the reactor, then add zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate in the reactor, stir Dissolve, then add chelating agent citric acid, adjust temperature to 70°C, pH value to 6.5, carry out chelation reaction, and react for 1 hour.

步骤(3)-(5)同实施例1。Steps (3)-(5) are the same as in Example 1.

本实施例制得的叶面肥产品为西瓜专用叶面肥。使用方法：从苗期开始，按100克/亩兑水40～50公斤稀释后，叶面喷洒2～3次，喷洒间隔期为15～20天。The foliar fertilizer product obtained in this embodiment is a special foliar fertilizer for watermelons. How to use: From the seedling stage, after diluting 100 g/mu with 40-50 kg of water, spray 2-3 times on the leaves, and the spraying interval is 15-20 days.

应用效果apply effects

1、实施例1中小麦专用叶面肥的应用效果1, the application effect of special foliage fertilizer for wheat in embodiment 1

应用小麦专用叶面肥可使小麦发芽率提高14.56％，生物量增加19～20％，病情指数下降，相对防效达33.30％。所以利用本产品浸种可提高小麦发芽率，叶面喷施具有有效防治小麦白粉病、促进小麦生长、提高生物量的作用。具体试验数据见表1。The application of special foliar fertilizer for wheat can increase the germination rate of wheat by 14.56%, increase the biomass by 19-20%, decrease the disease index, and the relative control effect can reach 33.30%. Therefore, using this product to soak seeds can increase the germination rate of wheat, and foliar spraying can effectively prevent and control wheat powdery mildew, promote wheat growth, and increase biomass. The specific test data are shown in Table 1.

表1小麦专用叶面肥对小麦发芽率、生物量、发病情况的影响Table 1 Effects of special foliar fertilizers for wheat on germination rate, biomass and disease incidence of wheat

2、实施例2中菠菜专用叶面肥的应用效果2, the application effect of spinach special-purpose foliar fertilizer in embodiment 2

应用菠菜专用叶面肥可使菠菜贮藏6天后叶片的失水率比清水对照低51.9％；菠菜生物量提高38％；菠菜叶片Vc、可溶性糖含量分别比对照提高36.1％、5.7％；菠菜叶片草酸含量降低12.1％；硝酸盐含量降低9.8％；观察发现应用本产品菠菜叶色加深，商品价值增加。所以在菠菜上应用本产品具有提高菠菜生物量、延长菠菜贮藏期、提高菠菜品质的作用。具体试验数据见表2。The application of special foliar fertilizer for spinach can make the water loss rate of spinach leaves 51.9% lower than that of the clean water control after 6 days of storage; the biomass of spinach can be increased by 38%; the Vc and soluble sugar content of spinach leaves can be increased by 36.1% and 5.7% respectively compared with the control; The content of oxalic acid is reduced by 12.1%; the content of nitrate is reduced by 9.8%; it is observed that the color of spinach leaves is deepened and the commodity value is increased by using this product. Therefore, the application of this product on spinach can increase the biomass of spinach, prolong the storage period of spinach and improve the quality of spinach. The specific test data are shown in Table 2.

表2菠菜专用叶面肥对菠菜生物量和品质的影响Table 2 The effect of special foliar fertilizer for spinach on the biomass and quality of spinach

3、实施例3中西瓜专用叶面肥的应用效果3, the application effect of special foliar fertilizer for watermelon in embodiment 3

应用西瓜专用叶面肥浸种可使西瓜发芽率提高。在西瓜生长的三叶期开始喷施该产品，可使西瓜枯萎病发病率降低，相对防效达到51.26％；西瓜生物量提高35％以上。所以在西瓜上应用该产品具有提高西瓜生物量、抗病性和发芽率的作用。具体数据见表3。Seed soaking with special foliar fertilizer for watermelon can increase the germination rate of watermelon. Spraying the product at the three-leaf stage of watermelon growth can reduce the incidence of watermelon wilt, and the relative control effect can reach 51.26%; the biomass of watermelon can be increased by more than 35%. Therefore, the application of this product on watermelon can improve the biomass, disease resistance and germination rate of watermelon. See Table 3 for specific data.

表3西瓜专用叶面肥对西瓜发芽率、生长和发病情况的影响Table 3 Effect of special foliar fertilizer for watermelon on germination rate, growth and disease of watermelon

Claims (5)

1. plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer is characterized in that the feed composition weight part is as follows:

100 parts of 10 times of diluents of burdock extracting solution

1～2 part of burdock oligosaccharide

5～10 parts of potassium primary phosphates

0～2 part in sal epsom

3～5 parts of manganous sulfates

2～5 parts in zinc sulfate

0～10 part in ferrous sulfate

0～10 part of boric acid

0～2 part of ammonium molybdate

0～1 part in copper sulfate

5～20 parts of citric acids

The tensio-active agent tween-80 accounts for 0.1～0.5%wt of above raw material total mass,

Burdock extracting solution in the said components is got by the hot water lixiviate of Root of Great Burdock dry powder, and the lixiviate solid-to-liquid ratio is a Root of Great Burdock dry powder: water=1: 15～20 weight ratios.

2. plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that at the feed composition weight part of food crop as follows:

100 parts of 10 times of diluents of burdock extracting solution

1 part of burdock oligosaccharide

8～10 parts of potassium primary phosphates

3～5 parts of manganous sulfates

2～3 parts in zinc sulfate

0.5～1 part in copper sulfate

5～8 parts of citric acids

The tensio-active agent tween-80 accounts for the 0.5%wt of above raw material total mass.

3. plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that at the feed composition weight part of leaf vegetables crop as follows:

100 parts of 10 times of diluents of burdock extracting solution

2 parts of burdock oligosaccharides

5～7 parts of potassium primary phosphates

3～5 parts of manganous sulfates

4～5 parts in zinc sulfate

8～10 parts of boric acid

1～2 part of ammonium molybdate

0.5～1 part in copper sulfate

15～20 parts of citric acids

The tensio-active agent tween-80 accounts for the 0.3%wt of above raw material total mass.

4. plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that as follows at the feed composition weight part of melon crop:

100 parts of 10 times of diluents of burdock extracting solution

2 parts of burdock oligosaccharides

8～10 parts of potassium primary phosphates

1.5～2 parts in sal epsom

3～5 parts of manganous sulfates

3～5 parts in zinc sulfate

5～10 parts in ferrous sulfate

5～10 parts of boric acid

1.5～2 parts of ammonium molybdates

14～18 parts of citric acids

The tensio-active agent tween-80 accounts for the 0.3%wt of above raw material total mass.

5. the preparation method of the described plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer of claim 1, step is as follows:

(1) Root of Great Burdock dry powder is crossed 40 mesh sieves, adds water by solid-to-liquid ratio 1: 15～20 weight ratios, lixiviate on water bath chader, and 60～70 ℃ of temperature, extraction time is 1～1.5 hour, promptly gets burdock extracting solution stoste;

(2) with 10 times of the burdock extracting solution stoste thin ups of step (1), be added in the reactor, again according to required sal epsom, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and the copper sulfate of in reactor, adding of crop, stirring and dissolving, add the sequestrant citric acid again, chelatropic reaction is carried out in temperature adjustment to 60～80 ℃, pH value to 4.5～6.5, reacts 0.5～1 hour;

(3) after chelatropic reaction finishes, be cooled to room temperature, in reactor, add burdock oligosaccharide, potassium primary phosphate, dissolving, stirring and evenly mixing;

(4) mixing solutions with step (3) filters by vacuum filter, removes the contamination precipitation that may exist in the raw material, goes into the liquid sand mill then and further stirs, and makes mixed solution even;

(5) mixed solution that mixes that step (4) is obtained is gone into the finished product still, adds the tensio-active agent tween-80, mixes, and promptly gets the plant source disease-resistant foliage fertilizer product.