CN100519998C - Compressed air engine electrically driven whole-variable valve actuating system - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种压缩空气发动机装置，旨在提供一种压缩空气发动机全可变气门驱动系统。该系统主要包括与气门依次连接的气门弹簧、联轴器、活塞杆和活塞，活塞位于控制气缸内。基于电磁换向阀的动作终止位置不同，连接至电磁换向阀的气体通道与排气口之间具有两种连通状态。通过控制电磁换向阀的通电脉冲长度控制气门开启持续时间。本发明优点：实现气动发动机气门运动与曲轴转速的解耦，可根据气动发动机的工况调节最优的配气相位；能够实现压气机的工作模式进行车辆的制动能量回收，且在回收过程中制动强度可以很方便的调节；采用减压过程中浪费的能量驱动气门，实现减压能量的回收利用，耗能非常小；结构简单，实现方便。

The invention relates to a compressed air engine device, aiming at providing a fully variable valve driving system of the compressed air engine. The system mainly includes valve springs, couplings, piston rods and pistons connected in sequence with the valves, and the pistons are located in the control cylinder. Based on the different action termination positions of the electromagnetic reversing valve, there are two communication states between the gas channel connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve and the exhaust port. The valve opening duration is controlled by controlling the pulse length of the electromagnetic reversing valve. The present invention has the advantages of realizing the decoupling of the valve motion of the pneumatic engine and the crankshaft speed, adjusting the optimal gas distribution phase according to the working conditions of the pneumatic engine; realizing the braking energy recovery of the vehicle in the working mode of the compressor, and during the recovery process The medium braking strength can be easily adjusted; the energy wasted in the decompression process is used to drive the valve to realize the recovery and utilization of decompression energy, and the energy consumption is very small; the structure is simple and easy to implement.

Description

Translated fromChinese

压缩空气发动机电气驱动全可变气门驱动系统Compressed air engine electric drive fully variable valve drive system

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种压缩空气发动机装置，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种压缩空气发动机全可变气门驱动系统。The invention relates to a compressed air engine device, more specifically, the invention relates to a fully variable valve drive system of the compressed air engine.

背景技术Background technique

燃油价格的不断飚升和燃油汽车对环境污染不断加重使得世界各国都在加紧研发新能源汽车。气动发动机以压缩空气和液氮作为工作介质，在工作过程中不需要消耗石油，能够实现零排放，是一种发展方向。压缩空气发动机主要动力源来自进入气缸的压缩空气，其负荷大小主要是靠调节进入气缸的空气的量来实现。采用调节进气压力和进气时间的方法可以完成进气量的控制。但调节进气压力采用的是节流控制方式，相比于调节进气时间会造成更多的压缩气体可用能的损失。另外合理控制气动发动机的进排气相位也有利于提高气动发动机的工作效率。传统凸轮轴驱动气门系统以及中国专利号[02160723.0]所提出的气动发动机旋转阀进气装置都只能通过节流方式控制进气压力来调节发动机的负荷。为了提高气动发动机的效率，实现气动发动机回收车辆制动能量的工作模式，必须研制一种气动发动机全可变气门驱动系统。The continuous soaring of fuel prices and the increasing environmental pollution caused by fuel vehicles have made countries all over the world step up the research and development of new energy vehicles. Pneumatic engines use compressed air and liquid nitrogen as working media, do not need to consume oil during the work process, and can achieve zero emissions, which is a development direction. The main power source of the compressed air engine comes from the compressed air entering the cylinder, and its load is mainly realized by adjusting the amount of air entering the cylinder. The control of the intake air volume can be completed by adjusting the intake pressure and the intake time. However, the throttle control method is used to adjust the intake pressure, which will cause more loss of available energy of the compressed gas than adjusting the intake time. In addition, reasonable control of the intake and exhaust phases of the air engine is also conducive to improving the working efficiency of the air engine. Both the traditional camshaft driven valve system and the pneumatic engine rotary valve intake device proposed by Chinese Patent No. [02160723.0] can only adjust the load of the engine by controlling the intake pressure in a throttling manner. In order to improve the efficiency of the air engine and realize the working mode of the air engine recovering the braking energy of the vehicle, it is necessary to develop a fully variable valve drive system for the air engine.

目前发动机的可变气门驱动方式包括凸轮驱动、电磁驱动、电液驱动、电气驱动等。凸轮驱动方式仍然依赖传统凸轮系统完成气门驱动工作，并且它仅仅对升程和正时提供一些附加的控制，没有完全做到配气机构相对于发动机转速的完全解耦，调节很不灵活。由于气动发动机进气压力很高，电磁直接驱动方式很难同时满足气门启闭频率和升程的要求。电液驱动方式采用电磁伺服阀液压活塞方式驱动气门，是一种较为理想的可变气门驱动方式。但电液可变气门系统存在受温度的影响变化较为明显且液体的惯性力较大以及耗能大的缺点。电气驱动方式与电液驱动方式的工作原理大致相同，只是将工作介质换成了压缩空气，相比于电液驱动，压缩空气相应速度快比液体要快、质量轻且空气的粘度受温度的影响较小，但由于压缩空气系统的效率要低于液压系统，导致其耗能更高。美国专利号[473948]提出了一种电气气门驱动方式，该驱动装置采用的是往复滑阀式结构，结构复杂，要求加工精度高。At present, the variable valve driving methods of the engine include cam driving, electromagnetic driving, electro-hydraulic driving, electric driving and so on. The cam drive method still relies on the traditional cam system to complete the valve drive work, and it only provides some additional control on the lift and timing, but it does not completely decouple the valve train relative to the engine speed, and the adjustment is very inflexible. Due to the high intake pressure of the pneumatic engine, it is difficult for the electromagnetic direct drive method to meet the requirements of valve opening and closing frequency and lift at the same time. The electro-hydraulic driving method adopts the hydraulic piston method of the electromagnetic servo valve to drive the valve, which is an ideal variable valve driving method. However, the electro-hydraulic variable valve system has the disadvantages that it is significantly affected by temperature, the inertial force of the liquid is large, and the energy consumption is large. The working principle of the electric drive mode is roughly the same as that of the electro-hydraulic drive mode, except that the working medium is replaced by compressed air. Compared with the electro-hydraulic drive, the compressed air has a faster corresponding speed than liquid, is lighter in weight, and the viscosity of the air is affected by the temperature. The effect is small, but since compressed air systems are less efficient than hydraulic systems, they consume more energy. U.S. Patent No. [473948] proposes an electric valve driving method. The driving device adopts a reciprocating slide valve structure, which is complex in structure and requires high machining accuracy.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种新型的压缩空气发动机全可变气门驱动系统。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a novel compressed air engine fully variable valve drive system.

该系统包括高压储气罐、稳压箱和位于气缸上的气门，稳压箱通过进气歧管与气缸连接，还包括与气门依次连接的气门弹簧、联轴器、活塞杆和活塞；活塞位于控制气缸内，将控制气缸的内腔分隔为上工作腔和下工作腔，上工作腔和下工作腔分别通过上工作腔气体通道和下工作腔气体通道与电磁换向阀连接；电磁换向阀上还设立高压进气口、上低压排气口和下低压排气口；上低压排气口和下低压排气口通过管道与稳压箱连接；高压储气罐与稳压箱之间设置至少一个减压气罐，高压储气罐或减压气罐通过管道与高压进气口连接。The system includes a high-pressure gas storage tank, a surge tank and a valve located on the cylinder. The surge tank is connected to the cylinder through the intake manifold, and also includes a valve spring, a coupling, a piston rod and a piston that are sequentially connected to the valve; the piston Located in the control cylinder, the inner cavity of the control cylinder is divided into an upper working chamber and a lower working chamber, and the upper working chamber and the lower working chamber are respectively connected with the electromagnetic reversing valve through the gas passage of the upper working chamber and the gas passage of the lower working chamber; A high-pressure air inlet, an upper low-pressure exhaust port and a lower low-pressure exhaust port are also set up on the directional valve; the upper low-pressure exhaust port and the lower low-pressure exhaust port are connected to the pressure-stabilizing box through pipelines; At least one decompression gas tank is arranged between them, and the high-pressure gas storage tank or decompression gas tank is connected with the high-pressure air inlet through a pipeline.

作为一种改进，所述高压储气罐、减压气罐与稳压箱之间分别设减压阀。As an improvement, a pressure reducing valve is respectively set between the high pressure gas storage tank, the decompression gas tank and the pressure stabilizing tank.

作为一种改进，基于电磁换向阀的动作终止位置不同，连接至电磁换向阀的气体通道与排气口之间具有两种连通状态：一种连通状态是上工作腔气体通道与上低压排气口相连，同时下工作腔气体通道与高压进气口连接；另一种连通状态是上工作腔气体通道与高压进气口连接，同时下工作腔气体通道与下低压排气口相连。As an improvement, based on the different action termination positions of the electromagnetic reversing valve, there are two communication states between the gas passage connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve and the exhaust port: one communication state is the gas passage of the upper working chamber and the upper low pressure The exhaust port is connected, and the gas passage of the lower working chamber is connected with the high-pressure air inlet at the same time; the other connection state is that the gas passage of the upper working chamber is connected with the high-pressure air inlet, and the gas passage of the lower working chamber is connected with the lower low-pressure exhaust port at the same time.

与现有技术相比，本发明的具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1)实现了气动发动机气门运动与曲轴转速的解耦，可以根据气动发动机的工况调节最优的配气相位，实现了气动发动机进气量的时间调节，减小了进气的节流损失；(1) The decoupling of the air engine valve movement and the crankshaft speed is realized, the optimal gas distribution phase can be adjusted according to the working conditions of the air engine, the time adjustment of the air intake amount of the air engine is realized, and the throttling of the intake air is reduced loss;

(2)运用该技术的气动汽车只要合理控制气门的开启相位，就能够实现压气机的工作模式进行车辆的制动能量回收，且在回收过程中制动强度可以很方便的调节；(2) As long as the pneumatic vehicle using this technology reasonably controls the opening phase of the valve, it can realize the working mode of the compressor to recover the braking energy of the vehicle, and the braking intensity can be easily adjusted during the recovery process;

(3)本发明采用减压过程中浪费的能量来驱动气门，实现了减压能量的回收利用，耗能非常小；(3) The present invention uses the energy wasted in the decompression process to drive the valve, realizing the recycling of the decompression energy, and the energy consumption is very small;

(4)本发明结构简单，实现方便。气门组部件可以沿用现有内燃机的成熟技术加工，电磁换向阀、控制气缸等已经具有十分成熟的产品。(4) The present invention has simple structure and is convenient to realize. Valve group components can be processed using the mature technology of existing internal combustion engines, and electromagnetic reversing valves, control cylinders, etc. already have very mature products.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例中电气控制全可变气门驱动系统的原理图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrically controlled fully variable valve drive system in an embodiment of the present invention.

其中附图标记为：高压储气罐1、减压阀2、一级减压气罐3、稳压箱4、下低压排气口5、高压进气口6、上低压排气口7、电磁换向阀8、控制气缸9、上工作腔10、活塞11、活塞杆12、下工作腔13、联轴器14、气门弹簧15、进气歧管16、气门17、气缸18、上工作腔气体通道19、下工作腔气体通道20。The reference signs are: high-pressure gas storage tank 1, pressure reducing valve 2, first-stage decompression gas tank 3, pressure-stabilizing box 4, lower low-pressure exhaust port 5, high-pressure air inlet 6, upper low-pressure exhaust port 7, Electromagnetic reversing valve 8, control cylinder 9, upper working chamber 10, piston 11, piston rod 12, lower working chamber 13, coupling 14, valve spring 15, intake manifold 16, valve 17, cylinder 18, upper working chamber Chamber gas passage 19, lower working chamber gas passage 20.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本实施例中压缩空气发动机电气驱动全可变气门驱动系统如图1所示，包括高压储气罐1、稳压箱4(二级减压气罐)和位于气缸18上的气门17，稳压箱4通过进气歧管16与气缸18连接，与气门17依次连接的是气门弹簧15、联轴器14、活塞杆12和活塞11，因此气门17的启闭运动是通过活塞11的往复运动来实现的。In the present embodiment, the electrically driven full variable valve drive system of the compressed air engine is shown in Figure 1, comprising a high-pressure gas storage tank 1, a pressure-stabilizing tank 4 (secondary decompression gas tank) and a valve 17 positioned on a cylinder 18, stabilizing The pressure box 4 is connected to the cylinder 18 through the intake manifold 16, and the valve 17 is connected to the valve spring 15, the coupling 14, the piston rod 12 and the piston 11 in sequence, so the opening and closing movement of the valve 17 is through the reciprocating movement of the piston 11. exercise to achieve.

活塞11位于控制气缸9内，将控制气缸9的内腔分隔为上工作腔10和下工作腔13，上工作腔10和下工作腔13分别通过上工作腔气体通道19和下工作腔气体通道20与电磁换向阀8连接；在电磁换向阀8上还设立高压进气口6、上低压排气口7和下低压排气口5；上低压排气口7和下低压排气口5通过管道与稳压箱4连接；高压储气罐1与稳压箱4之间设立一级减压气罐3，高压储气罐、一级减压气罐与稳压箱之间各设一个减压阀2；一级减压气罐3通过管道与高压进气口6连接。高压储气罐1为总储气罐，其内部压缩空气的压力相当高(可以为20MPa或者更高)，为了防止冰堵现象，必须经过几级减压后才能供气动发动机使用，图示为两级减压。一级减压气罐3储存经减压阀2减压后的空气，一级减压气罐3中的压缩空气经再次减压后进入稳压箱4(二级减压气罐)，稳压箱4直接与进气岐管16相连接。The piston 11 is located in the control cylinder 9, and divides the inner chamber of the control cylinder 9 into an upper working chamber 10 and a lower working chamber 13, and the upper working chamber 10 and the lower working chamber 13 pass through the upper working chamber gas passage 19 and the lower working chamber gas passage respectively. 20 is connected with electromagnetic reversing valve 8; high-pressure air inlet 6, upper low-pressure exhaust port 7 and lower low-pressure exhaust port 5 are also set up on electromagnetic reversing valve 8; upper low-pressure exhaust port 7 and lower low-pressure exhaust port 5 is connected with the pressure-stabilizing box 4 through pipelines; a first-stage decompression gas tank 3 is set up between the high-pressure gas storage tank 1 and the pressure-stabilizing box 4, and a first-level decompression gas tank 3 is set between the high-pressure gas storage tank, the first-level decompression gas tank and the pressure-stabilizing box. A decompression valve 2; a primary decompression gas tank 3 is connected with the high-pressure air inlet 6 through a pipeline. The high-pressure air storage tank 1 is the main air storage tank, and the pressure of the compressed air inside it is quite high (can be 20MPa or higher). In order to prevent ice blockage, it must go through several stages of decompression before it can be used by the air-driven engine, as shown in the figure Two-stage decompression. The primary decompression gas tank 3 stores the air decompressed by the pressure reducing valve 2, and the compressed air in the primary decompression gas tank 3 enters the pressure stabilizing box 4 (secondary decompression gas tank) after being decompressed again. The pressure box 4 is directly connected to the intake manifold 16 .

电磁换向阀8根据电信号动作，起控制气缸9的先导换向作用。基于电磁换向阀的动作终止位置不同，连接至电磁换向阀8的气体通道与排气口之间具有两种连通状态：一种连通状态是上工作腔气体通道19与上低压排气口7相连，同时下工作腔气体通道20与高压进气口6连接；另一种连通状态是上工作腔气体通道19与高压进气口6连接，同时下工作腔气体通道20与下低压排气口5相连。The electromagnetic reversing valve 8 acts according to the electric signal, and acts as a pilot reversing for controlling the cylinder 9 . Based on the different action termination positions of the electromagnetic reversing valve, there are two communication states between the gas channel connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve 8 and the exhaust port: one communication state is that the gas channel 19 of the upper working chamber is connected to the upper low-pressure exhaust port. 7 are connected, and the gas channel 20 of the lower working chamber is connected with the high-pressure air inlet 6 at the same time; another connection state is that the gas channel 19 of the upper working chamber is connected with the high-pressure air inlet 6, and the gas channel 20 of the lower working chamber is connected with the lower low-pressure exhaust port Port 5 is connected.

图1所示位置为气门关闭位置。此时，一级减压气罐3内的高压气体经高压进气口6进入电磁换向阀8的工作腔，然后再进入下工作腔13，上工作腔10通过上低压排气口7与稳压箱4连通，由于一级减压气罐3中的气体压力大于稳压箱4中的气体压力，活塞11的上工作腔10和下工作腔13的高低压气体作用力克服气门17所受的其他力(包括气门所受的气门前后的气体推力，气门弹簧15的作用力以及各处的摩擦力)的作用，移动到控制气缸9的顶部并带动气门17紧贴在气门座上。当电磁换向阀8通电时，其阀芯快速实现小位移上移，上工作腔10与高压进气口6连通，下工作腔13与下低压排气口5相通，此时活塞11在上工作腔10、下工作腔13的低高压气体作用力下，克服气门17所受的其他作用力，推动气门17快速打开，通过控制电磁换向阀8的通电脉冲长度，就能控制气门17开启持续时间。The position shown in Figure 1 is the closed position of the valve. At this time, the high-pressure gas in the first-stage decompression gas tank 3 enters the working chamber of the electromagnetic reversing valve 8 through the high-pressure air inlet 6, and then enters the lower working chamber 13, and the upper working chamber 10 passes through the upper low-pressure exhaust port 7 and The surge tank 4 communicates, and because the gas pressure in the first-stage decompression gas tank 3 is greater than the gas pressure in the surge tank 4, the high and low pressure gas acting force of the upper working chamber 10 and the lower working chamber 13 of the piston 11 overcomes the valve 17. Under the action of other forces (comprising the gas thrust before and after the valve suffered by the valve, the active force of the valve spring 15 and the friction everywhere), move to the top of the control cylinder 9 and drive the valve 17 to be close to the valve seat. When the electromagnetic reversing valve 8 is energized, its spool quickly moves up with a small displacement, the upper working chamber 10 communicates with the high-pressure air inlet 6, and the lower working chamber 13 communicates with the lower low-pressure exhaust port 5. At this time, the piston 11 is in the upper position. Under the force of low and high pressure gas in the working chamber 10 and the lower working chamber 13, it overcomes other forces on the valve 17 and pushes the valve 17 to open quickly. By controlling the pulse length of the electromagnetic reversing valve 8, the opening of the valve 17 can be controlled. duration.

最后，还需要注意的是，以上公布的仅是本发明的具体实施例。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。Finally, it should also be noted that what is disclosed above are only specific embodiments of the present invention. All deformations that can be directly derived or associated by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in the present invention should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of compressed air engine electrically driven whole-variable valve actuating system, comprise high pressure tank, pressure stabilizer and be positioned at valve on the cylinder, pressure stabilizer is connected with cylinder by intake manifold, it is characterized in that, also comprise the valve spring, coupling, piston rod and the piston that are connected successively with valve; Piston is positioned at control cylinder, the inner chamber of control cylinder is divided into goes up active chamber and following active chamber, and last active chamber is connected with solenoid directional control valve with following active chamber gas channel by last active chamber gas channel respectively with following active chamber; Also set up the high pressure admission mouth on the solenoid directional control valve, go up low pressure exhaust mouth and following low pressure exhaust mouth; Last low pressure exhaust mouth is connected with pressure stabilizer by pipeline with following low pressure exhaust mouth; Action final position difference based on solenoid directional control valve, have two kinds of connected states between the gas channel that is connected to solenoid directional control valve and the relief opening: a kind of connected state is to go up the active chamber gas channel to link to each other with last low pressure exhaust mouth, and same active chamber gas channel at present is connected with the high pressure admission mouth; Another kind of connected state is to go up the active chamber gas channel to be connected with the high pressure admission mouth, and the active chamber gas channel links to each other with following low pressure exhaust mouth at present together; At least one decompression gas tank is set between high pressure tank and the pressure stabilizer, and high pressure tank or decompression gas tank are connected with the high pressure admission mouth by pipeline.

2, compressed air engine electrically driven whole-variable valve actuating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, establishes reduction valve respectively between described high pressure tank, decompression gas tank and the pressure stabilizer.