CN100507466C - Coriolis Mass Flow Measuring Instruments - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a Coriolis mass flowmeter/density meter comprising at least one measuring tube (11) through which a two-phase or multiphase medium flows during operation thereof. A supporting means (12) of the Coriolis mass flowmeter/density meter is fixed to an inlet end and an outlet end of the measuring tube (11), thus clamping the same so as to allow the measuring tube (11) to vibrate. The measuring tube (11) is made to vibrate mechanically, particularly to perform bending vibrations, by means of an excitation system (13). The inventive Coriolis mass flowmeter/density meter further comprises means (141, 142) for generating test signals (xs1, xs2 ) representing vibrations at the inlet end and outlet end of the measuring tube (11). An electronic evaluation unit (2) generates an intermediate value (X'm) that is derived from the test signals (xs1, xs2) and represents a tentatively determined mass flow rate as well as a second intermediate value (X2) derived from the test signals (xs1, xs2), especially from a measured value (Xrho) which is also generated in the electronic evaluation unit (2) and represents a density of the medium, said second intermediate value (X2) representing a measure of a concentration of a phase in the medium. A corrected value (XK) for the first intermediate value (X'm) is determined using the second intermediate value (X2), said corrected value (XK ) being selected among a plurality of predefined values stored in a table memory (56) by means of the intermediate value (X2). The electronic evaluation unit (2) additionally generates a measured value (Xm) representing a mass flow rate with the aid of the intermediate value (X'm) and the corrected value (XK).

Description

Translated fromChinese

科里奥利质量流量测量仪表Coriolis Mass Flow Measuring Instruments

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种科里奥利质量流量计/密度计，其用于管道中流动的特别是两相或多相介质，本发明还涉及一种用于产生代表质量流量的测量值的方法。The invention relates to a Coriolis mass flowmeter/density meter for in particular two-phase or multiphase media flowing in pipelines and a method for generating a measured value representative of a mass flow.

背景技术Background technique

在过程测量及自动化技术中，为了测量管道中流动的流体的物理参数，例如质量流量、密度和/或粘度，经常使用这种测量仪表，其利用插入引导流体的管道中且在操作中由流体流经的振动型测量变送器以及与其相连的测量及操作电路影响流体中的反作用力，例如对应于质量流量的科里奥利力、对应于密度的惯性力或对应于粘度的摩擦力等，测量仪表从这些力得到代表流体的当前质量流量、当前粘度和/或当前密度的一个或多个测量信号。这种类型的振动型测量变送器例如在以下文献中有所说明：WO-A 03/076880、WO-A 02/37063、WO-A01/33174、WO-A 00/57141、WO-A 99/39164、WO-A 98/07009、WO-A95/16897、WO-A 88/03261、US 2003/0208325、US-B 65 13 393、US-B65 05 519、US-A 60 06 609、US-A 58 69 770、US-A 57 96 011、US-A 5602 346、US-A 53 01 557、US-A 52 59 250、US-A 52 18 873、US-A 50 69074、US-A 50 29 482、US-A 48 76 898、US-A 47 33 569、US-A 46 60 421、US-A 45 24 610、US-A 44 91 025、US-A 41 87 721、EP-A 553 939、EP-A1 001 254或EP-A 1 281 938。In process measurement and automation technology, in order to measure the physical parameters of the fluid flowing in the pipeline, such as mass flow, density and / or viscosity, this kind of measuring instrument is often used, which is inserted into the pipeline that guides the fluid and is controlled by the fluid during operation. Vibrating measuring transducers flowing through and the measuring and operating circuits connected to them influence reaction forces in the fluid, such as Coriolis forces for mass flow, inertial forces for density or frictional forces for viscosity, etc. , the measuring device derives from these forces one or more measurement signals representing the current mass flow, the current viscosity and/or the current density of the fluid. Vibrating measuring transducers of this type are described, for example, in WO-A 03/076880, WO-A 02/37063, WO-A 01/33174, WO-A 00/57141, WO-A 99 /39164, WO-A 98/07009, WO-A95/16897, WO-A 88/03261, US 2003/0208325, US-B 65 13 393, US-B65 05 519, US-A 60 06 609, US- A 58 69 770, US-A 57 96 011, US-A 5602 346, US-A 53 01 557, US-A 52 59 250, US-A 52 18 873, US-A 50 69074, US-A 50 29 482, US-A 48 76 898, US-A 47 33 569, US-A 46 60 421, US-A 45 24 610, US-A 44 91 025, US-A 41 87 721, EP-A 553 939, EP-A1 001 254 or EP-A 1 281 938.

为了引导流体，测量变送器包括至少一个测量管，其容纳在例如管状或盒状支持框架中。测量管具有弯曲或直的管段，在操作期间由电机激励装置令该管段振动，以产生上述反作用力。为了检测特别是入口端和出口端的管段振动，测量变送器还具有对管段的运动有所反应的电物理传感器设置。在用于管道中流动的介质的科里奥利质量流量计的情况中，质量流量的测量是这样实现的：例如允许介质流经插入管道中的测量管并且在操作中振动测量管，从而使介质受到科里奥利力。这使得测量管的入口端和出口端区域彼此相移地振荡。相移大小用作质量流量的量度。因此，测量管的振荡被利用前述传感器设置的沿测量管的长度彼此分离的两个振荡传感器检测并且被转换为振荡测量信号，由它们之间的相移而得出质量流量。In order to conduct the fluid, the measuring transducer comprises at least one measuring tube, which is accommodated, for example, in a tubular or box-shaped support frame. The measuring tube has a curved or straight tube section which is vibrated during operation by the motor excitation means to generate the above-mentioned reaction force. In order to detect vibrations of the pipe section, in particular at the inlet and outlet sides, the measuring transmitter also has an electrophysical sensor arrangement which reacts to the movement of the pipe section. In the case of a Coriolis mass flowmeter for a medium flowing in a pipeline, the measurement of the mass flow is achieved by, for example, allowing the medium to flow through a measuring tube inserted in the pipeline and vibrating the measuring tube in operation so that The medium is subjected to Coriolis forces. This causes the inlet-end and outlet-end regions of the measuring tube to oscillate with a phase shift from one another. The magnitude of the phase shift is used as a measure of mass flow. Oscillations of the measuring tube are thus detected by two oscillation sensors separated from each other along the length of the measuring tube arranged with the aforementioned sensors and converted into an oscillating measurement signal, the mass flow being derived from the phase shift between them.

上述的US-A 41 87 721已经提到，流动介质的瞬时密度通常也可以利用科里奥利质量流量测量仪表测量，并且实际上基于由传感器设置发送的至少一个振荡测量信号的频率。另外，介质的温度通常也以合适的方式直接测量，例如利用设置在测量管上的温度传感器。于是可以假设，在任何情况中，利用现代科里奥利质量流量测量仪表还能够测量介质的密度和温度，特别是考虑到这些测量通常可以用于补偿由于波动的流体密度而引起的测量误差；关于这一点，特别地参见WO-A 02/37063、WO-A 99/39164、US-A 56 02 346或WO-A 00/36379。The aforementioned US-A 41 87 721 already mentions that the instantaneous density of a flowing medium can usually also be measured with a Coriolis mass flow meter and is actually based on the frequency of at least one oscillating measurement signal sent by the sensor arrangement. In addition, the temperature of the medium is usually also measured directly in a suitable manner, for example with a temperature sensor arranged on the measuring tube. It can then be assumed that, in any case, with modern Coriolis mass flow measuring instruments it is also possible to measure the density and temperature of the medium, especially considering that these measurements can often be used to compensate for measurement errors due to fluctuating fluid densities; In this regard see in particular WO-A 02/37063, WO-A 99/39164, US-A 56 02 346 or WO-A 00/36379.

然而，已经发现在振荡型测量变送器的使用中，在非均匀介质的情况中，特别是在两相或多相流的情况中，从测量管的振荡得到的振荡测量信号特别是还有所述的相移都受到可观的波动，尽管单独流体相的粘度和密度以及质量流量实际上是恒定的并且/或者已经被得到合适的考虑，从而如果没有补救措施则这些信号将完全不能用于测量期望的物理参数。这种非均匀介质可以是例如液体，在给料或灌注过程的情况中管道中存在的气体特别是空气不可避免地被引入其中，或者溶解的流体例如二氧化碳从该液体中排出并起泡。潮湿或饱和的蒸汽是这种非均匀介质的另一个例子。However, it has been found that in the use of measuring transducers of the oscillating type, in the case of inhomogeneous media, especially in the case of two-phase or multiphase flows, the oscillating measurement signal resulting from the oscillation of the measuring tube is in particular also The phase shifts described are all subject to considerable fluctuations, although the viscosity and density of the individual fluid phases as well as the mass flow rate are practically constant and/or have been properly accounted for, so that without remedial measures these signals would be completely useless for Measure the desired physical parameter. Such a heterogeneous medium can be, for example, a liquid into which, in the case of dosing or filling processes, the gases present in the pipes, in particular air, are inevitably introduced, or from which dissolved fluids, such as carbon dioxide, are expelled and foamed. Moist or saturated steam is another example of such a non-homogeneous medium.

在US-A 45 24 610中，对于振动型测量变送器的操作，给出了这种问题的一种可能的原因，即，非均匀性诸如气泡被流体夹带进入测量管，沉淀在其内壁上并且因而可以在一定程度上影响振荡特性。为了避免这个问题，还提出这样安装测量变送器，使得直测量管基本垂直延伸，以防止这种干扰的特别是气态的非均匀性的沉淀。然而，这是个非常特殊的解决方案，它只能在非常有限的情况中实现，特别是在工业过程中的测量技术中。一方面，在这个情况中，测量变送器要安装入其中的管道可能必须被固定至变送器而不是反过来，这将是用户所不期望的。另一方面，正如已经提到的，测量管可能是弯曲的，从而通过改变安装的定向不能解决问题。另外，很明显，通过使用垂直安装的直测量管实际上没有显著地避免所提到的测量信号的恶化。另外，以这种方式避免在流动流体的情况中这样产生的测量信号的波动的进一步努力都是不成功的。In US-A 45 24 610, for the operation of measuring transducers of the vibration type, a possible cause of this problem is given, namely, inhomogeneities such as air bubbles being entrained by the fluid into the measuring tube, depositing on its inner wall and thus can influence the oscillation characteristics to a certain extent. In order to avoid this problem, it is also proposed to mount the measuring transducer in such a way that the straight measuring tube runs essentially vertically, in order to prevent such disturbing, in particular gaseous, inhomogeneities from settling. However, this is a very special solution which can only be realized in very limited cases, especially in measurement technology in industrial processes. On the one hand, in this case the pipe into which the measuring transmitter is to be installed may have to be fixed to the transmitter and not vice versa, which would be undesirable for the user. On the other hand, as already mentioned, the measuring tube may be bent, so that the problem cannot be solved by changing the orientation of the installation. Furthermore, it is clear that the mentioned deterioration of the measurement signal is practically not significantly avoided by using a vertically mounted straight measuring tube. Furthermore, further attempts to avoid fluctuations of the measurement signal thus generated in the case of flowing fluids in this way were unsuccessful.

在确定质量流量的情况中类似的原因以及它们对于测量精度的影响例如已经在JP-A 10-281846、WO-A 03/076880、US-A 52 59 250、US-A50 29 482或US-B 65 05 519中有所讨论。然而，为了降低两相或多相流中的测量误差，WO-A 03/076880提出了在实际流量测量之前进行流体调节，JP-A 10-281846和US-B 65 05 519都优选根据振荡测量信号校正流量测量，特别是质量流量测量。这个校正例如使用对于振荡测量信号的预训练的甚至可能是自适应的分类器。分类器可以例如被设计为Kohonen映射或神经网络，并且或者基于操作中测量的若干参数特别是质量流量和密度以及由此得到的其它特征，或者还利用包含一个或多个振荡周期的振荡测量信号的时间间隔，而执行校正。Similar reasons in the case of determining the mass flow rate and their influence on the measurement accuracy have been described, for example, in JP-A 10-281846, WO-A 03/076880, US-A 52 59 250, US-A50 29 482 or US-B Discussed in 65 05 519. However, in order to reduce measurement errors in two-phase or multiphase flows, WO-A 03/076880 proposes fluid conditioning prior to actual flow measurement, both JP-A 10-281846 and US-B 65 05 519 preferably based on oscillation measurements Signal correction for flow measurement, especially mass flow measurement. This correction uses, for example, a pretrained and possibly even adaptive classifier for the oscillation measurement signal. The classifier can be designed, for example, as a Kohonen map or as a neural network and is either based on several parameters measured in operation, in particular mass flow and density and other features derived therefrom, or also makes use of an oscillating measurement signal comprising one or more oscillation periods time interval while performing the calibration.

使用这种分类器与现有的科里奥利质量流量计/密度计相比，例如具有对测量变送器几乎无需改变的优点，这里，改变涉及机械结构、激励装置或者驱动它的操作电路，它们都特别地匹配特定应用。The use of such a classifier compared to existing Coriolis mass flowmeters/density meters has, for example, the advantage that few changes need to be made to the measuring transmitter, where the changes concern the mechanical structure, the excitation device or the operating circuit that drives it , which are all uniquely matched to specific applications.

然而，这种分类器的一个显著缺点是，与现有科里奥利质量流量测量仪表相比，在产生测量值的区域中需要相当大的改变，尤其是使用的模数转换器以及微处理器。实际上，正如在US-B 65 05 519中所公开的，例如在约80Hz振荡频率的振荡测量信号的数字化中，这种信号分析需要约55kHz或更高的采样率，以达到足够的精度。换言之，必须使用远远大于600:1的采样率采样振荡测量信号。除此之外，在数字测量电路中存储和执行的固件相应地变得复杂。However, a significant disadvantage of this classifier is that, compared to existing Coriolis mass flow meters, considerable changes are required in the area where the measured values are generated, especially the analog-to-digital converters used and the microprocessor device. In fact, as disclosed in US-B 65 05 519, for example in the digitization of an oscillating measurement signal with an oscillating frequency of about 80 Hz, such signal analysis requires a sampling rate of about 55 kHz or higher in order to achieve sufficient precision. In other words, the oscillatory measurement signal must be sampled using a sampling rate much greater than 600:1. Apart from this, the firmware stored and executed in the digital measuring circuit becomes correspondingly complex.

这种分类器的另一个缺点是，对于测量变送器操作期间实际存在的测量条件，必须训练和相应地确认特别是对于安装位置、待测流体以及它通常变化的特性或者其它影响测量精度的因素。由于所有这些因素的交互作用的高度复杂性，训练及其确认通常只能在线进行并且对于每一测量变送器单独进行，这引起测量变送器启动花费升高。另外，已经发现，这种分类算法一方面由于高度复杂另一方面由于通常不确切存在具有技术相关或可理解参数的合适的物理数学模型，所以分类器具有很低的透明度并且因而经常难以连通。当然，与此相关联的是，在顾客部分可以有可观的保留，当使用的分类器是自适应的，例如是神经网络时，这种接受问题特别地发生在顾客部分。A further disadvantage of this type of classifier is that it must be trained and validated accordingly for the measuring conditions that actually exist during operation of the measuring transmitter, especially for the installation position, the fluid to be measured and its often changing properties or other factors affecting the accuracy of the measurement. factor. Due to the high complexity of the interaction of all these factors, the training and its validation can usually only be carried out online and individually for each measuring transducer, which leads to increased costs for starting up the measuring transducer. Furthermore, it has been found that such classification algorithms have very little transparency and are therefore often difficult to communicate due to the high complexity on the one hand and the fact that there is often no suitable physical-mathematical model with technically relevant or understandable parameters on the other hand. In connection with this, of course, there can be considerable reservations on the part of the customer, and this problem of acceptance occurs especially in the part of the customer when the classifier used is adaptive, such as a neural network.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的一个目的是提供一种相应的科里奥利质量流量计，其能够测量质量流量，即使是在非均匀流体特别是多相流的情况中。另一个目的是提供一种用于产生测量结果的相应方法。It is an object of the present invention to provide a corresponding Coriolis mass flow meter which is capable of measuring mass flow even in the case of inhomogeneous fluids, in particular multiphase flows. Another object is to provide a corresponding method for generating measurement results.

为了达到这些目的，本发明提出一种科里奥利质量流量计，特别是科里奥利质量流量/密度计，用于测量管道中流动的特别是两相或多相介质的质量流量，该科里奥利质量流量计包括：In order to achieve these objects, the present invention proposes a Coriolis mass flow meter, in particular a Coriolis mass flow/density meter, for measuring the mass flow of a two-phase or multi-phase medium flowing in a pipeline, the Coriolis mass flow meters include:

-至少一个插入管道中的测量管，其在操作中由介质流经；- at least one measuring tube inserted into the pipeline through which the medium flows during operation;

-支持装置，其固定至测量管的入口端和出口端并因而可振荡地夹持测量管；- supporting means, which are fixed to the inlet and outlet ends of the measuring tube and thus clamp the measuring tube oscillatingly;

-激励装置，其在操作中令测量管执行机械振荡，特别是弯曲振荡；- excitation means, which in operation cause the measuring tube to perform mechanical oscillations, in particular bending oscillations;

-振荡传感器，用于产生：- Oscillation sensor for generating:

-第一振荡测量信号，其代表测量管的入口侧振荡，以及- a first oscillating measurement signal representing the inlet side oscillations of the measuring tube, and

-第二振荡测量信号，其代表测量管的出口侧振荡；和- a second oscillating measurement signal representing the outlet side oscillations of the measuring tube; and

-测量及操作电子装置，其发送- Measuring and operating electronic devices, which send

--驱动激励装置的激励电流，和-- the excitation current to drive the excitation device, and

--质量流量测量值，其代表待测质量流量，--The mass flow measurement value, which represents the mass flow to be measured,

-其中测量及操作电子装置- of which measuring and operating electronic devices

--产生从振荡测量信号得到的对应于待测质量流量的第一中间值，并产生用于第一中间值的校正值，并且- generating a first intermediate value corresponding to the mass flow to be measured obtained from the oscillating measurement signal, and generating a correction value for the first intermediate value, and

--利用第一中间值和校正值，确定质量流量测量值，- determining the mass flow measurement value using the first intermediate value and the correction value,

-其中测量及操作电子装置通过使用至少一个第二中间值而产生校正值，- wherein the measuring and operating electronics generate correction values by using at least one second intermediate value,

--该第二中间值是从至少一个振荡测量信号和/或从激励电流得到的，并且- the second intermediate value is obtained from at least one oscillating measurement signal and/or from the excitation current, and

--该第二中间值代表介质相部分的比例，-- the second intermediate value represents the proportion of the medium phase fraction,

-其中测量及操作电子装置- of which measuring and operating electronic devices

--具有表存储器，其中数字存储多个对于校正值的离散预设值，并且--has a table memory in which digitally stores a plurality of discrete preset values for correction values, and

--为了确定校正值，使用预设值之一，该预设值是基于第二中间值而从表存储器中读出的。- To determine the correction value, one of the preset values is used, which is read out of the table memory on the basis of the second intermediate value.

另外，本发明提供了一种方法，用于利用科里奥利质量流量计，特别是科里奥利质量流量/密度计生成代表管道中流动的介质的物理测量变量的测量值，特别是代表质量流量的质量流量测量值，该方法包括以下步骤：In addition, the present invention provides a method for generating measured values representative of a physically measured variable of a medium flowing in a pipeline using a Coriolis mass flow meter, in particular a Coriolis mass flow/density meter, in particular representing mass flow measurement of mass flow, the method comprising the steps of:

-在介质所流经的科里奥利质量流量计测量管中引起振荡，特别是弯曲振荡；- cause oscillations, in particular bending oscillations, in the measuring tube of the Coriolis mass flowmeter through which the medium flows;

-检测测量管的振荡，并生成代表入口侧振荡的第一振荡测量信号和代表出口侧振荡的第二振荡测量信号；- detecting oscillations of the measuring tube and generating a first oscillation measurement signal representative of an inlet side oscillation and a second oscillation measurement signal representative of an outlet side oscillation;

-通过使用两个振荡测量信号，得到对应于物理测量变量特别是质量流量的第一中间值；- by using the two oscillating measurement signals, a first intermediate value corresponding to the physical measured variable, in particular the mass flow, is obtained;

-特别是利用两个振荡测量信号中的至少一个，确定第二中间值；- determining a second intermediate value, in particular using at least one of the two oscillating measurement signals;

-利用代表介质相部分比例的第二中间值，产生对于第一中间值的校正值；以及- generating a correction to the first intermediate value using a second intermediate value representative of the fractional proportion of the medium phase; and

-利用校正值校正第一中间值；- correcting the first intermediate value with the correction value;

-其中通过使用第二中间值和使用表存储器而这样确定校正值，即基于第二中间值识别瞬时用于校正值的预设值并从表存储器中读取该预设值，其中表存储器中数字存储多个对于校正值的离散预设值。- wherein the correction value is determined by using the second intermediate value and using a table memory in that a preset value for the correction value is identified instantaneously on the basis of the second intermediate value and read from the table memory in which Digitally stores a plurality of discrete preset values for the correction value.

根据本发明的科里奥利质量流量计的第一实施例，分析电子装置发出质量流量测量值，其代表介质的质量流量并且是从第一和/或第二振荡测量信号得到的。According to a first embodiment of the Coriolis mass flowmeter according to the invention, the evaluation electronics emit a mass flow measurement value which represents the mass flow of the medium and is derived from the first and/or second oscillating measurement signal.

在本发明的科里奥利质量流量计的第二实施例中，In a second embodiment of the Coriolis mass flow meter of the present invention,

-分析电子装置发出密度测量值，其代表介质的密度并且是从第一和/或第二振荡测量信号得到的，并且- the analysis electronics emit a density measurement, which represents the density of the medium and is obtained from the first and/or second oscillating measurement signal, and

-分析电子装置还利用密度测量值确定校正值。- The analysis electronics also use the density measurement to determine a correction value.

根据本发明的科里奥利质量流量计的第三实施例，分析电子装置基于第二中间值确定表存储器中存储的用作瞬时校正值的预设值的存储器地址。According to a third embodiment of the Coriolis mass flowmeter according to the invention, the analysis electronics determines, on the basis of the second intermediate value, a memory address stored in the table memory as a preset value for the instantaneous correction value.

在本发明的科里奥利质量流量计的第四实施例中，第二中间值是基于至少对于预定的时间间隔确定的激励电流的幅度、振荡测量信号的幅度、振荡测量信号的振荡频率、测量密度和/或第一中间值的分散度而确定的。In a fourth embodiment of the Coriolis mass flowmeter of the invention, the second intermediate value is based on the amplitude of the excitation current, the amplitude of the oscillating measurement signal, the oscillating frequency of the oscillating measurement signal, determined for at least a predetermined time interval. Determined by measuring the density and/or the dispersion of the first median value.

根据本发明的方法的第一实施例，该方法还包括以下步骤：According to a first embodiment of the method of the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of:

-根据测量信号得到代表介质密度的第二测量值；以及- Obtaining a second measured value representing the density of the medium from the measured signal; and

-使用第二测量值得到校正值。- Using the second measured value to obtain a correction value.

在本发明的方法的第二实施例中，该方法还包括以下步骤：In a second embodiment of the method of the present invention, the method further comprises the steps of:

-允许激励电流流经与测量管机械耦合的电机激励装置，以引起测量管振荡；和- allowing excitation current to flow through a motor excitation device mechanically coupled to the measuring tube to cause the measuring tube to oscillate; and

-通过考虑激励电流而确定第二中间值。- Determining the second intermediate value by taking into account the excitation current.

在本发明的方法的第三实施例中，第二中间值代表至少一个分散度，其是在特定时间间隔中对于管道中流动的介质确定的测量值，特别是测量的质量流量、测量密度、测量粘度而确定的分散度，和/或在预定时间间隔中科里奥利质量流量计的工作参数，特别是振荡测量信号的幅度或振荡测量信号的振荡频率而确定的分散度。In a third embodiment of the method according to the invention, the second intermediate value represents at least one degree of dispersion, which is a measured value determined for the medium flowing in the pipeline in a certain time interval, in particular measured mass flow, measured density, The degree of dispersion determined by measuring the viscosity, and/or the degree of dispersion determined by an operating parameter of the Coriolis mass flowmeter, in particular the amplitude of the oscillating measurement signal or the frequency of oscillation of the oscillating measurement signal, during a predetermined time interval.

本发明的一个优点是，用于校正第一中间值的校正值暂时代表质量流量并且基本上是以现有的方法确定的，该校正值一方面可以在最初相对简单但非常精确地确定，另一方面，该校正值可以非常迅速地适应待测介质中改变的条件，特别是适应改变的浓度比，因为对于它的确定仅需要很少的计算。于是，本发明的科里奥利质量流量计与现有科里奥利质量流量计相比，只有在常用的数字分析电子装置上略有改变并且改变基本上仅限于固件，而在测量变送器的情况中以及在生成及预处理振荡测量信号中，几乎不需要改变。于是，例如振荡测量信号仍可以像以前一样以常用的远低于100:1，特别是约10:1的采样率被采样。An advantage of the invention is that the correction value for correcting the first intermediate value provisionally represents the mass flow rate and is essentially determined with existing methods, which correction value can initially be determined relatively simply but very precisely on the one hand, and on the other hand On the one hand, this correction value can be adapted very quickly to changing conditions in the medium to be measured, in particular to changing concentration ratios, since only a few calculations are required for its determination. Thus, the Coriolis mass flowmeter of the present invention is compared with the existing Coriolis mass flowmeter, only slightly changed on the commonly used digital analysis electronics and the changes are basically limited to the firmware, while the measurement transmission In the case of an oscillator and in generating and preprocessing the oscillating measurement signal, few changes are required. Thus, for example, oscillating measurement signals can still be sampled as before with a customary sampling rate well below 100:1, in particular approximately 10:1.

本发明的进一步的优点在于，特别是与US-B6505519中说明的科里奥利质量流量测量仪表相比，由于本发明的分析方法可以通过重复重新从表存储器中选择当前最适合的系数而以非常简单的方式适应瞬时流动条件，所以本发明在实际中总是可以执行相同的分析方法来确定测量值，即使在测量管中流动条件显著变化，例如暂时的两相或多相介质和/或暂时由多种成分组成的介质甚至或者各个相和/或成分的浓度变化。A further advantage of the present invention is that, especially compared with the Coriolis mass flow measuring instrument described in US-B6505519, since the analysis method of the present invention can reselect the current most suitable coefficient from the table memory repeatedly, the very simple way of adapting to transient flow conditions, so that the invention can in practice always carry out the same analytical method to determine the measured value, even if the flow conditions in the measuring tube change significantly, e.g. transient two-phase or multiphase media and/or A medium composed temporally of multiple constituents may even vary in concentration of the individual phases and/or constituents.

附图说明Description of drawings

现在将根据附图中给出的实施例，详细解释本发明及其进一步的优选实施例。相同的部件在所有附图中具有相同的标记；为了清楚，已经提到的附图标记在后面的附图中被省略。The invention and its further preferred embodiments will now be explained in detail on the basis of the embodiments shown in the drawings. Identical components have the same reference numerals in all figures; for the sake of clarity, reference numerals already mentioned are omitted in the subsequent figures.

图1以侧视图透视地显示了用于生成质量流量测量值的科里奥利质量流量测量仪表，Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a Coriolis mass flow measurement instrument used to generate mass flow measurements in a side view,

图2以框图示意性显示了适用于图1的科里奥利质量流量测量仪表的测量仪表优选实施例，Figure 2 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a measuring instrument suitable for the Coriolis mass flow measuring instrument of Figure 1 in a block diagram,

图3以第一侧视图透视地显示了适用于图1的科里奥利质量流量测量仪表的振动型测量变送器的实施例的部分截面示例，FIG. 3 shows a perspective partial cross-sectional example of an embodiment of a vibration-type measuring transducer suitable for the Coriolis mass flow measuring instrument of FIG. 1 in a first side view,

图4以第二侧视图透视地显示了图3的测量变送器，和Figure 4 shows the measurement transmitter of Figure 3 in perspective in a second side view, and

图5显示了图3的测量变送器的电机激励装置的实施例。FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a motor excitation device of the measuring transducer of FIG. 3 .

具体实施方式Detailed ways

图1透视地显示了科里奥利质量流量测量仪表1，其用于检测管道中流动的两相或多相介质的物理测量变量(这里是质量流量m)并形成瞬时代表这个测量变量(这里是质量流量)的测量变量(这里是质量流量)测量值X_m；为了清楚起见，没有画出管道。介质实际上可以是任何可流动材料，例如液体、气体或蒸汽，其中除了主要或载体介质还引入了非均匀性，即，与载体介质的相容性有偏差的其它介质的不可溶部分，例如液体中的固体颗粒和/或气泡。为了测量质量流量，科里奥利质量流量测量仪表1振动型测量变送器10以及图2所示的与测量变送器10电连接的测量仪表电子装置50。为了安置测量仪表电子装置50，还提供电子装置外壳200，其安装在测量变送器10外部。Figure 1 perspectively shows a Coriolis massflow measuring instrument 1 for detecting a physical measured variable (here mass flow m) of a two-phase or multiphase medium flowing in a pipeline and forming an instantaneous representation of this measured variable (here is the measured variable (here mass flow) measurement X_m ; for clarity, the piping is not drawn. The medium can be virtually any flowable material, such as a liquid, gas or vapor, into which inhomogeneities are introduced in addition to the main or carrier medium, i.e. insoluble fractions of other media that deviate from the compatibility of the carrier medium, e.g. Solid particles and/or air bubbles in a liquid. For measuring the mass flow, the Coriolis massflow measuring device 1 has a vibrating measuringtransducer 10 and measuringdevice electronics 50 , shown in FIG. 2 , which is electrically connected to the measuringtransducer 10 . For accommodating themeasuring device electronics 50 , anelectronics housing 200 is also provided, which is mounted outside the measuringtransmitter 10 .

为了检测质量流量m，借助于在操作中由测量仪表电子装置50激励振动的测量变送器10在其中流动的流体中产生科里奥利力，科里奥利力依赖于质量流量m并且可以在测量变送器10上测量，即可以由传感器检测并且可以被电子分析。除了生成质量流量测量值X_m，科里奥利质量流量测量仪表还用于测量流动介质的密度ρ以及确定瞬时代表密度ρ的密度测量值X_ρ。To detect the mass flow m, a Coriolis force is generated in the fluid flowing therein by means of the measuringtransmitter 10 , which is excited to vibrate by the measuringinstrument electronics 50 during operation, which is dependent on the mass flow m and can It is measured at the measuringtransducer 10 , ie can be detected by a sensor and can be evaluated electronically. In addition to generating a mass flow measurement X_m , a Coriolis mass flow meter is also used to measure the density ρ of a flowing medium and to determine a density measurement X_ρ that is instantaneously representative of the density ρ.

优选地，测量仪表电子装置50还被这样设计，使得它可以在科里奥利质量流量测量仪表1工作期间经由数据传输系统与上级测量值处理单元交换测量和/或其它操作数据，所述测量值处理单元例如是可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、个人电脑和/或工作站，所述数据传输系统例如是现场总线系统。另外，还这样设计测量仪表电子装置50，使得它可以由外部能量源供电，例如甚至经由前述现场总线系统。对于提供振动测量仪表用于耦合至现场总线的情况，特别是可编程的测量仪表电子装置50具有相应的通信接口用于数据通信，例如用于将测量数据发送至上级可编程逻辑控制器或上级过程控制系统。Preferably, the measuringdevice electronics 50 is also designed in such a way that it can exchange measurement and/or other operating data with a higher-level measured value processing unit via a data transmission system during the operation of the Coriolis massflow measuring device 1 , said measuring The value processing unit is, for example, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a personal computer and/or a workstation, and the data transmission system is, for example, a fieldbus system. Furthermore, the measuringinstrument electronics 50 is also designed in such a way that it can be powered by an external energy source, for example even via the aforementioned fieldbus system. In the case of providing a vibration measuring instrument for coupling to a field bus, in particular the programmablemeasuring instrument electronics 50 has a corresponding communication interface for data communication, for example for sending the measurement data to a higher-level programmable logic controller or a higher-level process control system.

图3和4显示了用作测量变送器10的振动型物理电子换能器设置的一个实施例。这种换能器的结构和功能是本领域技术人员已知的并且例如在US-A 60 06 609中有详细说明。3 and 4 show one embodiment of a vibratory physical electronic transducer arrangement for use asmeasurement transducer 10 . The structure and function of such transducers are known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail, for example, in US-A 60 06 609.

为了引导待测流体，测量变送器10包括至少一个具有入口端11、出口端12的测量管13，其具有可预定的在工作期间可以弹性变形的测量管内腔13A并且具有可预定的额定宽度。这里，测量管内腔13A的弹性变形意味着，为了产生流体内部的表征流体的科里奥利力，测量管内腔13A的空间形状和/或空间位置在测量管13的弹性范围内以可预定的方式循环地特别是周期性地改变；例如参见US-A 48 01 897、US-A 56 48 616、US-A 57 96 011和/或US-A 60 06 609。另外，这里还应当注意的是，尽管实施例中的测量变送器仅包括一个直测量管，但是为了实现本发明，这种振动型测量变送器也可以使用实际上现有技术所说明的任何科里奥利质量流量测量变送器，特别是具有完全或至少部分以弯曲振荡模式振动的弯曲或直测量管的这种弯曲振荡型变送器。特别适合的例如是具有由待测介质流经的两个平行弯曲测量管的振动型测量变送器，诸如在以下文献中详细说明的：EP-A 1 154 243、US-A 53 01 557、US-A 57 96 011、US-B 65 05 519或WO-A 02/37063。这种用作测量变送器10的换能器设置的其它合适实施例可以例如在以下文献中得到：WO-A 02/099363、WO-A 02/086426、WO-A 95/16897、US-A 56 02 345、US-A 55 57 973或US-A 53 57 811。作为所使用的测量管13的材料，例如钛合金特别合适。然而，代替钛合金，可以使用其它这种特别是弯曲测量管通常使用的材料，例如，不锈钢、钽或锆等。In order to guide the fluid to be measured, the measuringtransmitter 10 comprises at least one measuringtube 13 with aninlet end 11, anoutlet end 12, which has a predeterminablemeasuring tube lumen 13A which is elastically deformable during operation and has a predeterminable nominal width . Here, the elastic deformation of the measuringtube lumen 13A means that the spatial shape and/or the spatial position of the measuringtube lumen 13A within the elastic range of the measuringtube 13 can be predetermined in order to generate the Coriolis force characterizing the fluid inside the fluid. The mode changes cyclically, especially periodically; see for example US-A 48 01 897, US-A 56 48 616, US-A 57 96 011 and/or US-A 60 06 609. In addition, it should also be noted here that although the measuring transmitter in the embodiment only includes a straight measuring tube, in order to realize the present invention, such a vibration-type measuring transmitter can also use the actual prior art described Any Coriolis mass flow measurement transmitter, in particular such a flexural oscillation type transmitter having a curved or straight measuring tube vibrating fully or at least partially in a flexural oscillation mode. Particularly suitable are, for example, vibration-type measuring transducers with two parallel curved measuring tubes through which the medium to be measured flows, such as those described in detail in the following documents: EP-A 1 154 243, US-A 53 01 557, US-A 57 96 011, US-B 65 05 519 or WO-A 02/37063. Other suitable embodiments of such transducer arrangements for measuringtransducer 10 can be found, for example, in the following documents: WO-A 02/099363, WO-A 02/086426, WO-A 95/16897, US-A A 56 02 345, US-A 55 57 973 or US-A 53 57 811. A titanium alloy, for example, is particularly suitable as a material for the measuringtube 13 used. Instead of titanium alloys, however, other such materials which are usually used in particular for curved measuring tubes can be used, for example stainless steel, tantalum or zirconium or the like.

测量管13以常见的方式在其入口侧和出口侧与引入或引出流体的管道相通，该测量管被可振荡地夹钳在刚性的特别是抗弯曲及扭曲的支持框架14中。代替这里显示的盒状支持框架14，当然也可以使用其它合适的支持装置，诸如与测量管平行或同轴延伸的管道。The measuringtube 13 , which is clamped oscillatingly in a rigid, in particular bending- and torsion-resistant,support frame 14 , communicates on its inlet and outlet sides in a conventional manner with conduits for introducing or removing fluid. Instead of the box-shapedsupport frame 14 shown here, other suitable support means can of course also be used, such as pipes running parallel or coaxially to the measuring tube.

支持框架14在其入口侧利用入口板213在其出口侧利用出口板223固定至测量管13，这些板被测量管13的相应延伸而穿透。另外，支持框架14具有第一侧板24和第二侧板34，两个侧板24、34分别固定至入口板213和出口板223，使得它们基本上平行于测量管13延伸并且与其相距设置，且彼此相距；参见图3。以这种方式，两个侧板24、34的相互面对的侧表面同样彼此平行。纵向棒25被固定至侧板24、34，与测量管13相距，以用作吸收测量管13的振荡的平衡质量。如图4所示，纵向棒25基本上平行于测量管13的整个可振荡长度延伸；然而这并不是必需的，因为纵向棒25也可以根据需要而做得较短。于是，具有两个侧板24、34、入口板213、出口板223和纵向棒25的支持框架14具有基本上平行于虚拟连接入口端11和出口端12的测量管中心轴线13B的纵向重力线。Thesupport frame 14 is fixed on its inlet side to the measuringtube 13 with aninlet plate 213 and on its outlet side with anoutlet plate 223 , which plates are penetrated by corresponding extensions of the measuringtube 13 . In addition, thesupport frame 14 has afirst side plate 24 and asecond side plate 34, the twoside plates 24, 34 are fixed to theinlet plate 213 and theoutlet plate 223, respectively, so that they extend substantially parallel to the measuringtube 13 and are arranged at a distance therefrom , and are separated from each other; see Figure 3. In this way, the mutually facing side surfaces of the twoside plates 24, 34 are likewise parallel to each other. Alongitudinal bar 25 is fixed to theside plates 24 , 34 at a distance from the measuringtube 13 to serve as a balancing mass for absorbing oscillations of the measuringtube 13 . As shown in FIG. 4 , thelongitudinal rod 25 extends essentially parallel to the entire oscillatable length of the measuringtube 13 ; however, this is not necessary, since thelongitudinal rod 25 can also be made shorter if desired. Thus, thesupport frame 14 with the twoside plates 24, 34, theinlet plate 213, theoutlet plate 223 and thelongitudinal bar 25 has a longitudinal gravitational line substantially parallel to the central axis 13B of the measuring tube virtually connecting theinlet end 11 and theoutlet end 12 .

图3和4中以螺钉头部指示，上述的将侧板24、34固定至入口板213、出口板223以及纵向棒25可以通过旋接连接而实现；然而，也可以使用本领域已知的其它合适的紧固类型。Indicated by screw heads in Figures 3 and 4, the above-described securing of theside plates 24, 34 to theinlet plate 213,outlet plate 223 andlongitudinal bars 25 can be achieved by screwed connections; however, it is also possible to use Other suitable fastening types.

对于测量变送器10要被可松开地与管道组装的情况，在测量管13的入口侧形成第一法兰19并且在出口侧形成第二法兰20，如图1所示；然而，代替法兰19、20，可以形成其它管道连接件用于可松开地与管道相连，诸如图3中示出的所谓三向夹扣(triclamp)连接。然而，如果需要，测量管13还可以例如利用焊接或铜焊等直接与管道相连。For the case where the measuringtransmitter 10 is to be releasably assembled with the pipe, a first flange 19 is formed on the inlet side of the measuringtube 13 and asecond flange 20 is formed on the outlet side, as shown in FIG. 1 ; however, Instead offlanges 19, 20, other pipe connections may be formed for releasable connection with pipes, such as the so-called triclamp connection shown in FIG. 3 . If desired, however, the measuringtube 13 can also be connected directly to the pipeline, for example by welding or brazing or the like.

为了产生所述的科里奥利力，在测量变送器10工作期间，由耦合至测量管的电机激励装置16以可预定的振荡频率特别是自然谐振频率驱动测量管13以所谓的有用模式振动，并且然后测量管13被以可预定的方式弹性形变，其中自然谐振频率也依赖于流体的密度。在所述的实施例中，正如在弯曲振荡型换能器设置的情况中所常见的，振荡的测量管13在空间上特别是横向地偏移静态静止位置。对于其中一个或多个弯曲测量管围绕相应虚拟连接入口和出口端的纵向轴线执行悬臂振荡的换能器设置基本上也是同样的；或者对于其中一个或多个直测量管仅执行在单一振荡平面中的弯曲振荡的换能器设置也是同样的。In order to generate the described Coriolis force, during operation of the measuringtransducer 10, the measuringtube 13 is driven in the so-called useful mode by amotor excitation device 16 coupled to the measuring tube at a predeterminable oscillation frequency, in particular a natural resonance frequency. Vibrates, and then the measuringtube 13 is elastically deformed in a predeterminable manner, wherein the natural resonance frequency also depends on the density of the fluid. In the described embodiment, theoscillating measuring tube 13 is spatially, in particular laterally, offset from the static rest position, as is usual in the case of bending-oscillating transducer arrangements. Basically the same is true for transducer setups where one or more curved measuring tubes perform cantilever oscillations about the longitudinal axis corresponding to the virtual connecting inlet and outlet ports; or for where one or more straight measuring tubes perform only in a single oscillation plane The transducer setup for bending oscillations is the same.

激励装置16用于通过转换从测量仪表电子装置50提供的电激励功率P_exc，而产生作用在测量管13上的激励力F_exc。激励功率P_exc基本上仅用于补偿由于机械和流体内部摩擦而从振荡系统中除去的功率部分。为了获得尽可能高的效率，尽可能精确地调节激励功率P_exc，使得测量管13的振荡基本上被保持在有用模式，例如为基本谐振频率。Theexcitation device 16 serves to generate an excitation force F_exc acting on the measuringtube 13 by converting an electrical excitation power P_exc supplied from themeter electronics 50 . The excitation power P_exc is basically only used to compensate the portion of power removed from the oscillating system due to mechanical and fluid internal friction. In order to obtain the highest possible efficiency, the excitation power P_exc is adjusted as precisely as possible such that the oscillation of the measuringtube 13 is kept substantially in the useful mode, for example at the fundamental resonance frequency.

为了将激励力F_exc传递到测量管13上，如图5所示，激励装置16具有刚性的电磁和/或电动驱动的杠杆设置15，其包括悬臂154和磁轭163，其中悬臂抗弯曲地固定在测量管13上。磁轭163同样被抗弯曲地固定在悬臂154与测量管13相距的末端上，并且使得它设置在测量管13上方并且与其横向。悬臂154可以例如是金属垫圈，其将测量管13容纳在孔中。对于杠杆设置15的其它合适实施例，已经提到的US-A60 06 609被全部合并在这里作为参考。杠杆设置15是T形的并且被这样设置，参见图5，使得它在入口和出口端11、12之间基本一半的点作用于测量管13，从而管13在工作期间在中部具有其最大横向偏移。In order to transmit the excitation force F_exc to the measuringtube 13, as shown in FIG. fixed on the measuringtube 13. Theyoke 163 is likewise secured against bending at the end of the boom 154 remote from the measuringtube 13 such that it is arranged above and transversely to the measuringtube 13 . The cantilever 154 can be, for example, a metal washer which accommodates the measuringtube 13 in the bore. For other suitable embodiments of the lever arrangement 15 the already mentioned US-A 60 06 609 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The lever arrangement 15 is T-shaped and is arranged, see FIG. 5 , so that it acts on the measuringtube 13 at a point substantially halfway between the inlet and outlet ends 11 , 12 so that thetube 13 has its greatest transverse direction in the middle during operation. offset.

为了驱动杠杆设置15，如图5所示，激励装置16包括：第一激励线圈26和与其关联的第一永磁电枢27，以及第二激励线圈36和与其关联的第二永磁电枢37。两个具有优点地串联电连接的激励线圈26、36被特别是可松开地在磁轭163之下的测量管13的两侧上固定在支持框架14上，使得它们在工作期间以它们各自的电枢27和37相互作用。如果需要，两个激励线圈26、36当然也可以彼此并联连接。如图3和5所示，两个电枢27、37以这样的方式彼此相距地固定至磁轭163，使得在测量变送器10工作期间，电枢27基本由激励线圈26的磁场穿透并且此电枢37基本由激励线圈36的磁场穿透。于是，电枢由于相应的电动和/或电磁力作用而移动。利用激励线圈26、36的磁场而产生的电枢27、37的移动被磁轭163和悬臂154传递到测量管13上。这样构造电枢27、37的这些运动，使得磁轭163交替地在侧板24的方向上或侧板34的方向上从其静止位置偏移。杠杆设置15与所述测量管中心轴线13B平行的相应旋转轴可以例如经过悬臂154。In order to drive the lever arrangement 15, as shown in Figure 5, the excitation means 16 comprises: a first excitation coil 26 and a firstpermanent magnet armature 27 associated therewith, and a second excitation coil 36 and a second permanent magnet armature associated therewith 37. The two excitation coils 26, 36, which are advantageously electrically connected in series, are fastened on thesupport frame 14, in particular releasably, on both sides of the measuringtube 13 below theyoke 163, so that they operate in their respective Thearmatures 27 and 37 interact. If desired, the two excitation coils 26 , 36 can of course also be connected in parallel with each other. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 , the twoarmatures 27 , 37 are fixed to theyoke 163 at a distance from each other in such a way that thearmature 27 is substantially penetrated by the magnetic field of the excitation coil 26 during operation of the measuringtransducer 10 . And this armature 37 is substantially penetrated by the magnetic field of the excitation coil 36 . The armature is then moved due to corresponding electrodynamic and/or electromagnetic forces. The movement of thearmature 27 , 37 produced by the magnetic field of the excitation coil 26 , 36 is transferred to the measuringtube 13 by theyoke 163 and the suspension 154 . These movements of thearmatures 27 , 37 are configured in such a way that theyoke 163 is alternately deflected from its rest position in the direction of theside plate 24 or in the direction of theside plate 34 . The corresponding axis of rotation of the lever arrangement 15 parallel to said measuring tube central axis 13B can eg pass through the cantilever 154 .

另外，支持框架14包括电机激励装置16的支架29，其特别是可松开地与侧板24、34相连，特别是用于支持激励线圈26、36以及可能的下面将要讨论的电磁制动器设置217的各个部件。Furthermore, thesupport frame 14 comprises abracket 29 for themotor excitation device 16, which is in particular releasably connected to theside plates 24, 34, in particular for supporting the excitation coils 26, 36 and possibly the electromagnetic brake arrangement 217 to be discussed below. of the various components.

最后，测量变送器1具有围绕测量管和支持框架的测量变送器外壳100，以保护它们免受有害的外部影响。测量变送器外壳100具有颈状过渡件，其上固定容纳测量仪表电子装置50的电子装置外壳200，参见图1。Finally, the measuringtransmitter 1 has a measuringtransmitter housing 100 surrounding the measuring tube and the supporting frame in order to protect them from harmful external influences. The measuringtransmitter housing 100 has a neck transition piece, to which anelectronics housing 200 accommodating themeasuring device electronics 50 is fastened, see FIG. 1 .

在所述实施例的测量变送器10的情况中，在入口端11和出口端12牢固夹钳的振动测量管13的横向偏转同时导致其测量管内腔13A的弹性形变，这个变形基本上在测量管13的整个长度上形成。另外，由于杠杆设置15作用在测量管13上的扭矩，在测量管13上至少部分地与横向偏转同时产生围绕测量管中心轴13B的扭曲，从而测量管13基本上以混合的弯曲振荡扭转模式振荡，该模式用作有用模式。在这种情况中，测量管13的扭曲可以这样形成，使得悬臂154与测量管13相距的末端的横向偏转与测量管13的横向偏转或者同向或者反向。于是，测量管13可以在对应于同向情况的第一弯曲振荡扭转模式中执行扭转振荡；或者在对应于反向情况的第二弯曲振荡扭转模式中执行扭转振荡。于是，在测量变送器10的实施例中，例如900Hz的第二弯曲振荡扭转模式自然基本谐振频率大于是第一弯曲振荡扭转模式的二倍。In the case of the measuringtransducer 10 of the described exemplary embodiment, the transverse deflection of the vibrating measuringtube 13 firmly clamped at theinlet end 11 and theoutlet end 12 simultaneously leads to an elastic deformation of itsmeasuring tube lumen 13A, which deformation is essentially at The measuringtube 13 is formed over the entire length. In addition, due to the torque of the lever arrangement 15 acting on the measuringtube 13, a twisting about the measuring tube central axis 13B is produced on the measuringtube 13 at least partially simultaneously with the lateral deflection, so that the measuringtube 13 essentially twists in a mixed bending-oscillating torsional mode Oscillating, this mode is used as the useful mode. In this case, the twisting of the measuringtube 13 can be formed such that the lateral deflection of the end of the boom 154 remote from the measuringtube 13 is either in the same direction or opposite to the lateral deflection of the measuringtube 13 . The measuringtube 13 can then perform torsional oscillations in a first bending oscillation torsional mode corresponding to the case of the same direction; or in a second bending oscillation torsional mode corresponding to the case of the opposite direction. Thus, in an embodiment of the measuringtransducer 10 , the natural fundamental resonance frequency of the second bending-oscillating torsional mode, eg 900 Hz, is greater than twice that of the first bending-oscillating torsional mode.

对于测量管13应当在工作期间仅执行第二弯曲振荡扭转模式的振荡的情况，基于涡流原理的电磁制动器设置217被集成在激励装置16中，用于稳定所述旋转轴的位置。于是，利用电磁制动器设置217，可以保证测量管13总是以第二弯曲振荡扭转模式振荡，并且因此在测量管13上可能的外部干扰影响不会导致自发转变到另一种特别是第一弯曲振荡扭转模式。这种电磁制动器设置的细节在US-A 60 06 609有具体说明。For the case where the measuringtube 13 should only perform oscillations in the second bending-oscillating torsional mode during operation, an electromagnetic brake arrangement 217 based on the eddy current principle is integrated in theexcitation device 16 for stabilizing the position of the axis of rotation. Then, with the electromagnetic brake arrangement 217, it can be ensured that the measuringtube 13 always oscillates in the second bending oscillating torsional mode, and therefore that possible external disturbing influences on the measuringtube 13 do not lead to a spontaneous transition to another, in particular the first bending Oscillating torsional mode. The details of this electromagnetic brake setting are specified in US-A 60 06 609.

这里应当注意，当测量管13以第二弯曲振荡扭转模式发生偏转时，虚拟测量管中心轴13B轻微变形，并且因而在振荡期间没有生成平面，而是生成略微扭曲的曲面。另外，在这个曲面中测量管中心轴的中点的轨迹在测量管中心轴的所有点的轨迹中具有最小曲率。It should be noted here that when the measuringtube 13 is deflected in the second bending oscillating torsional mode, the virtual measuring tube center axis 13B is slightly deformed and thus does not generate a plane but a slightly distorted curved surface during oscillation. In addition, the locus of the midpoint of the central axis of the measuring tube in this curved surface has the smallest curvature among the trajectories of all points of the central axis of the measuring tube.

为了检查测量管13的形变，测量变送器10还包括传感器设置60，其借助于至少一个对测量管13的振动有所反应的第一传感器17产生代表该振动的第一特别是模拟振荡测量信号s₁。传感器17可以例如利用永磁电枢而构造，该永磁电枢固定在测量管13上并与支持框架14上支撑的传感器线圈交互作用。对于传感器17，特别适合的是基于电动原理检测测量管13的偏转速度。然而，也可以使用加速度测量电动传感器，或者甚至使用偏转距离测量或光学传感器。当然，也可以使用本领域所熟知的适用于检查这种振动的其它传感器。传感器设置60还包括第二传感器18，特别地它与第一传感器17相同。第二传感器18发送同样代表测量管13的振动的第二振荡测量信号s₂。在这个实施例中，两个传感器17、18沿测量管13彼此分离地设置在测量变送器10中，特别地距离测量管13的中点距离相等。这样设置传感器17、18，使得传感器设置60本地地检测在测量管13的入口侧和出口侧的振动，并且将这些振动分别反映为相应的振荡测量信号s₁或s₂。第一测量信号s₁以及如果需要的话还有第二测量信号s₂通常各表示与测量管13的瞬时振荡频率对应的一个信号频率，这两个信号被送入测量仪表电子装置50，如图2所示。In order to check the deformation of the measuringtube 13, the measuringtransmitter 10 also comprises asensor arrangement 60 which, by means of at least onefirst sensor 17 reacting to the vibration of the measuringtube 13, produces a first, in particular analogue, oscillation measurement representative of this vibration. signal s₁ . Thesensor 17 can be constructed, for example, with a permanent magnet armature fixed on the measuringtube 13 and interacting with a sensor coil supported on thesupport frame 14 . It is particularly suitable for thesensor 17 to detect the deflection speed of the measuringtube 13 on an electrokinetic basis. However, it is also possible to use accelerometric motorized sensors, or even deflection distance measuring or optical sensors. Of course, other sensors known in the art suitable for detecting such vibrations may also be used. Thesensor arrangement 60 also comprises a second sensor 18 which is in particular identical to thefirst sensor 17 . The second sensor 18 emits a second oscillating measurement signal s₂ which also represents the vibration of the measuringtube 13 . In this embodiment, the twosensors 17 , 18 are arranged in the measuringtransmitter 10 separately from each other along the measuringtube 13 , in particular at equal distances from the midpoint of the measuringtube 13 . Thesensors 17 , 18 are arranged in such a way that thesensor arrangement 60 locally detects vibrations on the inlet and outlet sides of the measuringtube 13 and reflects these vibrations as respective oscillating measurement signals s₁ or s₂ . The first measurement signal s₁ and if necessary the second measurement signal s₂ usually each represent a signal frequency corresponding to the instantaneous oscillation frequency of the measuringtube 13, these two signals are fed into the measuringinstrument electronics 50, as shown in Fig. 2.

为了令测量管13振动，向激励装置16馈送具有可调幅度和可调激励频率f_exc的同样振荡的激励电流i_exc，使得激励线圈26、36在工作期间被电流流经，并且以相应的方式生成移动电枢27、37所需的磁场。激励电流i_exc可以是例如正弦的或矩形的。优选地在所述测量变送器实施例中这样选择并调节激励电流i_exc的激励频率f_exc，使得横向振荡的测量管13尽可能只以第二弯曲振荡扭转模式振荡。In order to cause the measuringtube 13 to oscillate, theexcitation device 16 is fed with a similarly oscillating excitation current i_exc with adjustable amplitude and adjustable excitation frequency f_exc , so that the excitation coils 26, 36 are current-flowed during operation and with a corresponding way to generate the magnetic field required to move thearmature 27,37. The excitation current i_exc can be, for example, sinusoidal or rectangular. In the exemplary embodiment of the measuring transducer, the excitation frequency f_exc of the excitation current i_exc is preferably selected and set such that the transversely oscillating measuringtube 13 oscillates as far as possible only in the second bending-oscillating torsional mode.

为了生成并调节激励电流i_exc，测量仪表电子装置50包括相应的驱动电路53，其由代表待调节的激励频率f_exc的频率调节信号y_FM以及代表待调节的激励电流i_exc幅度的幅度调节信号y_AM控制。驱动电路可以例如利用压控振荡器和下游连接的压流转换器实现；然而，代替模拟振荡器，还可以使用数字控制的数字振荡器用于调节激励电流i_exc。In order to generate and regulate the excitation current i_exc , themeter electronics 50 comprise acorresponding drive circuit 53 , which is controlled by a frequency regulation signal y_FM representing the excitation frequency f_exc to be adjusted and by an amplitude regulation representing the amplitude of the excitation current i_exc to be regulating Signal y_AM control. The drive circuit can eg be realized with a voltage-controlled oscillator and a downstream connected voltage-to-current converter; however, instead of an analog oscillator, a digitally controlled digital oscillator can also be used for regulating the excitation current i_exc .

为了产生幅度调节信号y_AM，可以例如使用集成在测量仪表电子装置50中的幅度控制电路51，其基于两个传感器信号s₁、s₂中的至少一个的瞬时幅度以及相应的恒定或可变的幅度参考值W₁而实现幅度调节信号y_AM；如果需要，也可以参考激励电流i_exc的瞬时幅度用于生成幅度调节信号y_AM。这种幅度控制电路同样对于本领域技术人员是已知的。关于这种幅度控制电路的例子，再次参考“PROMASS I”系列科里奥利质量流量计。其幅度控制电路具有优点地这样实现，使得测量管13的横向振荡被控制为恒定幅度，即与密度ρ无关。To generate the amplitude-adjusted signal y_AM , for example, anamplitude control circuit 51 integrated in themeter electronics 50 can be used, which is based on the instantaneous amplitude of at least one of the two sensor signals s₁ , s₂ and the corresponding constant or variable The amplitude reference value W₁ of the amplitude adjustment signal y_AM is realized; if necessary, the instantaneous amplitude of the excitation current i_exc can also be used to generate the amplitude adjustment signal y_AM . Such amplitude control circuits are likewise known to those skilled in the art. For an example of such an amplitude control circuit, refer again to the "PROMASS I" series of Coriolis mass flow meters. Its amplitude control circuit is advantageously implemented in such a way that the transverse oscillation of the measuringtube 13 is controlled to a constant amplitude, ie independent of the density p.

关于频率调节信号y_FM，它可以从相应的频率控制电路52中得到，其例如至少基于传感器信号s₁以及基于用作相应的频率参考值W₂且代表频率的直流电压而实现。As regards the frequency regulation signal y_FM , it can be derived from a correspondingfrequency control circuit 52 , for example based at least on the sensor signal s₁ and on a DC voltage which is used as a corresponding frequency reference value W₂ and is representative of the frequency.

具有优点地，频率控制电路52和驱动电路53一起连接在锁相环中，锁相环用于以本领域所熟知的方式，基于在传感器信号s₁、s₂中至少之一和待调节的或测量的激励电流i_exc之间测得的相位差，而将频率调节信号y_FM固定调谐至测量管13的瞬时谐振频率。这种用于将测量管以它们的机械谐振频率运行的锁相环的结构和使用例如在US-A 4801 897中有详细说明。当然，也可以使用本领域熟知的其它频率控制电路，例如在US-A 45 24 610或US-A 48 01 897中所说明的。另外，考虑到所述类型的测量变送器的这种频率控制电路的使用，参考已经提到的“PROMASS I”系列。可以采用适用于驱动电路的其它电路，例如US-A 58 69 770或US-A 65 05 519。Advantageously, thefrequency control circuit 52 and thedrive circuit 53 are connected together in a phase-locked loop for, in a manner known in the art, based on at least one of the sensor signals s₁ , s₂ and the Or the measured phase difference between the measured excitation current i_exc , while the frequency adjustment signal y_FM is fixedly tuned to the instantaneous resonance frequency of the measuringtube 13 . The construction and use of such a phase-locked loop for operating measuring tubes at their mechanical resonance frequency is described in detail, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,801,897. Of course, other frequency control circuits known in the art, such as those described in US-A 45 24 610 or US-A 48 01 897, may also be used. In addition, reference is made to the already mentioned "PROMASS I" series in view of the use of such a frequency control circuit for measuring transducers of the stated type. Other circuits suitable for driving circuits can be used, eg US-A 58 69 770 or US-A 65 05 519 .

在本发明的另一实施例中，利用在测量仪表电子装置50中提供的数字信号处理器DSP和相应实施并在其中运行的程序代码，实现幅度控制电路51和频率控制电路52。程序代码可以持续或甚至永久地存储在例如控制和/或监控信号处理器的微计算机55的非易失性存储器EEPROM中，并且可以在信号处理器DSP启动时载入例如在信号处理器DSP中集成的测量仪表电子装置50的易失性数据存储器RAM中。适用于这种应用的信号处理器例如是可以在市场上从TexasInstruments Inc.公司得到的型号TMS320VC33。In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, theamplitude control circuit 51 and thefrequency control circuit 52 are realized by means of a digital signal processor DSP provided in the measuringinstrument electronics 50 and correspondingly implemented and running program code therein. The program code can be stored continuously or even permanently, for example in the non-volatile memory EEPROM of themicrocomputer 55 controlling and/or monitoring the signal processor, and can be loaded, for example, in the signal processor DSP when the signal processor DSP starts up In the volatile data memory RAM of theintegrated meter electronics 50 . A signal processor suitable for this application is, for example, commercially available from Texas Instruments Inc. under the model TMS320VC33.

实际上，很明显利用相应的模数转换器A/D，可以至少将传感器信号s₁以及可能的传感器信号s₂转换为相应的数字信号，用于在信号处理器DSP中处理；关于这一点，参见EP-A866319。如果需要，从信号处理器发出的调节信号，例如幅度调节信号y_AM或频率调节信号y_FM也可以被以相应的方式数模转换。In fact, it is clear that with a corresponding analog-to-digital converter A/D, at least the sensor signal s₁ and possibly the sensor signal s₂ can be converted into corresponding digital signals for processing in the signal processor DSP; on this point , see EP-A866319. If required, the adjustment signals emanating from the signal processor, for example the amplitude adjustment signal y_AM or the frequency adjustment signal y_FM , can also be digital-to-analog converted in a corresponding manner.

如图2所示，振荡测量信号x_s1、x_s2还被馈送至测量仪表电子装置的测量电路21。测量电路21可以是任何一种现有的特别是数字测量电路，基于振荡测量信号x_s1、x_s2确定质量流量；关于这一点，特别参见上述的WO-A 02/37063、WO-A 99/39164、US-A 56 48 616、US-A 50 69074。当然，本领域已知的其它适用于科里奥利质量流量测量仪表的测量电路也可以使用，这些电路测量并合适地分析在振荡测量信号x_s1、x_s2之间的相位和/或时间差。具有优点的，测量电路21可以同样利用信号处理器DSP实现。As shown in FIG. 2 , the oscillating measurement signals x_s1 , x_s2 are also fed to the measurement circuit 21 of the measuring instrument electronics. The measurement circuit 21 may be any known, in particular digital, measurement circuit for determining the mass flow rate based on the oscillating measurement signals x_s1 , x_s2 ; in this regard see in particular the aforementioned WO-A 02/37063, WO-A 99/ 39164, US-A 56 48 616, US-A 50 69074. Of course, other measuring circuits suitable for Coriolis mass flow meters known in the art, which measure and suitably evaluate the phase and/or time difference between the oscillating measuring signals x_s1 , x_s2 , can also be used. Advantageously, the measuring circuit 21 can likewise be implemented with a signal processor DSP.

测量电路21至少部分实施为流体计算器，用于以本领域已知的方式基于两个振荡测量信号x_s1、x_s2之间检测的相位差而确定对应于待测质量流量的测量值，其中两个振荡测量信号根据需要可以预先被合适地调节。正如上面已经提到的，流动介质中的非均匀性，例如液体中存在的气泡和/或固体颗粒，可以导致以现有方式假定为均匀介质而确定的测量值不足够精确地与实际质量流量一致，即，测量值需要被合适地校正；于是，在最简单的情况中，这个预先确定的暂时代表质量流量或至少对应于质量流量的测量值可以是在振荡测量信号x_s1、x_s2之间存在并被检测的相位差，该测量值在下面被指定为第一中间值X’_m。分析电子装置21最终由该第一中间值X’_m得到质量流量测量值X_m，它足够精确地代表质量流量。The measurement circuit 21 is at least partly implemented as a flow calculator for determining a measured value corresponding to the mass flow to be measured based on a detected phase difference between the two oscillating measurement signals x_s1 , x_s2 in a manner known in the art, wherein The two oscillating measurement signals can be suitably adjusted beforehand as required. As already mentioned above, inhomogeneities in the flow medium, such as the presence of air bubbles and/or solid particles in the liquid, can lead to the fact that measured values determined in the existing way assuming a homogeneous medium do not correlate sufficiently accurately with the actual mass flow rate Consistent, that is, the measured value needs to be properly corrected; thus, in the simplest case, this predetermined measured value temporarily representing the mass flow rate or at least corresponding to the mass flow rate can be between the oscillating measurement signals x_s1 , x_s2 The phase difference that exists and is detected between, this measured value is designated below as the first intermediate value X'_m . From this first intermediate value X′_m , the evaluation electronics 21 finally obtains a mass flow measurement value X_m , which represents the mass flow with sufficient precision.

关于这一点，在现有技术中已经讨论了，依赖于测量原理，这种非均匀性显示为在由流动介质测量的密度中的变化。然而，发明人的进一步调查令人吃惊地发现，与现有技术中的解释相反，中间值X′_m的校正一方面可以通过使用很少的非常简单确定的校正因数执行，这些校正因数可以从科里奥利质量流量计作为测量结果确定的流动参数，特别是测量的密度和/或这里是临时的测量质量流量而得到和/或从由科里奥利质量流量计在工作中通常直接测量的工作参数，特别是测量的振动幅度、振动频率和/或激励电流而得到。另一方面，校正可以使用预先确定的密度测量值X_ρ以及预先确定的中间值X’_m执行，而与之前提到的较为复杂的计算方法相比计算工作相当小。In this regard, it has been discussed in the prior art that, depending on the measurement principle, this inhomogeneity appears as a change in the density measured by the flowing medium. However, further investigations by the inventors have surprisingly found that, contrary to the explanations in the prior art, the correction of the intermediate value_X'm can be performed on the one hand by using a small number of very simply determined correction factors which can be derived from Coriolis mass flowmeters as a result of measurements determine the flow parameters, in particular the measured density and/or here temporarily measured mass flow are obtained and/or are usually directly measured from work by a Coriolis mass flowmeter The operating parameters, especially the measured vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and/or excitation current are obtained. On the other hand, the correction can be performed using predetermined density measurements_Xp and predetermined intermediate values_X'm with considerably less computational effort compared to the previously mentioned more complex calculation methods.

为了精确测量质量流量，分析电子装置2从中间值X’_m得到相应的校正值X_K，并且对于中间值X’_m使用校正值X_K而特别是数字地计算质量流量测量值X_m。例如，可以基于以下公式对于基本上以现有方法确定的中间值X′_m进行校正：For precise measurement of the mass flow, the evaluation electronics 2 derives a corresponding correction value X_K from the intermediate value X′_m and uses the correction value X_K for the intermediate value X′_m to calculate, in particular digitally, the measured mass flow value X_m . For example, the intermediate value_X'm basically determined by existing methods can be corrected based on the following formula:

${\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>m</span>m</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span><span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>+</span>+</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>K</span>K</span>}}<span><span>)</span>)</span><span><span>\&CenterDot;</span>\&CenterDot;</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>X</span>x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>m</span>m</span>}}^{<span><span>\&prime;</span>\&prime;</span>}<span><span>\&CenterDot;</span>\&CenterDot;</span><span><span>\&CenterDot;</span>\&CenterDot;</span><span><span>\&CenterDot;</span>\&CenterDot;</span><span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span>$

根据本发明，为了确定合适的瞬时校正值X_K，在工作期间确定第二中间值X₂。这个第二值代表在介质中存在的例如气相或液相百分比或相对部分并且/或者它代表待测液体与理想的均匀性的偏差或者非均匀程度。于是，从在作中测量的或者发送给科里奥利质量流量测量仪表的非均匀浓度，得到校正值X_K。According to the invention, in order to determine a suitable instantaneous correction value X_K , a second intermediate value X₂ is determined during operation. This second value represents the percentage or relative fraction of, for example, the gaseous or liquid phase present in the medium and/or it represents the degree of deviation or inhomogeneity of the liquid to be measured from the ideal homogeneity. The correction value X_K is then derived from the inhomogeneous concentration measured on the fly or sent to the Coriolis mass flow meter.

根据本发明，分析电子装置从中间值X₂开始基本上直接确定校正值X_K，因为在分析电子装置中在实际中间值X₂和与其对应的校正值X_K之间映射特别是编程唯一的关系。为此，分析电子装置2还具有表存储器56，其中存储许多预先确定的数字校正值X_k，i，它们例如在标定科里奥利质量流量测量仪表时预先确定。测量电路使用利用瞬时有效的第二中间值X₂得到的存储器地址，直接访间合适的校正值X_k，i。表存储器56可以例如使用可编程只读存储器，即，RPGA(现场可编程门阵列)、EPROM或EEPROM。在这种情况中，校正值X_k，i可以例如以简单的方式确定，将瞬时确定的中间值X₂与在表存储器中对于中间值X₂预存储的相应值比较，并且为了分析电子装置2中的进一步计算而读出与中间值X₂最接近的预存储值相对应的校正值X_k，i。这种用于查询校正值X_K的表存储器的使用具有以下优点：运行时间计算了中间值X₂之后可以非常迅速地利用校正值X_k。According to the invention, the evaluation electronics determines the correction value X_K essentially directly starting from the intermediate value X₂ , since the mapping between the actual intermediate value X₂ and the correction value X_K corresponding thereto is uniquely programmed in the evaluation electronics. relation. For this purpose, the evaluation electronics 2 also has atable memory 56 in which a number of predetermined digital correction values X_k,i are stored, which are predetermined, for example, when calibrating the Coriolis mass flow measuring device. The measuring circuit directly accesses the appropriate correction value X_k,i using the memory address obtained with the instantaneously valid second intermediate value X₂ . Thetable memory 56 may use, for example, a programmable read-only memory, ie, RPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), EPROM, or EEPROM. In this case, the correction value X_k,i can be determined in a simple manner, for example, by comparing the instantaneously determined intermediate value_X2 with the corresponding value prestored in the table memory for the intermediate value_X2 , and for analyzing the electronic device 2 to read out the corrected value X_k,i corresponding to the pre-stored value closest to the intermediate value X₂ . The use of such a table memory for querying the correction value X_K has the advantage that the correction value X_k can be used very quickly after the runtime has calculated the intermediate value X₂ .

除了确定校正值X_K，还可以具有优点地使用中间值X₂用于例如在线或在远程控制室中以可视方式发出信号表示流体的非均匀度或由此得到的测量值，例如流体中的空气成分百分比或者流体中夹带的固体颗粒的体积、数量或质量部分。In addition to determining the correction value X_K , it is also advantageously possible to use the intermediate value X₂ for visually signaling, for example online or in a remote control room, the inhomogeneity of the fluid or the resulting measured values, e.g. The percentage of air composition or the volume, number or mass fraction of solid particles entrained in the fluid.

根据对于以预定方式扰动的液体执行的测量得到的多条振荡测量信号以及激励电流i_exc的幅度-时间曲线的分析，还发现激励电流i_exc和振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2一方面可以随时间明显波动，尽管条件基本保持恒定，即在恒定密度和粘度且夹带的气泡部分基本保持恒定的稳定流动液体的情况中。然而，另一方面还确定，实际上不可预测的波动激励电流i_exc、振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2，特别是它们的幅度能够具有根据经验的标准偏差或经验分散度s_p，其与非均匀度有很大的相关性。因此，在本发明的一个实施例中，将中间值X₂确定为对于实际应用选择的流动和/或工作参数的分散度s_p的函数：From the analysis of a plurality of oscillating measurement signals obtained from measurements performed on a liquid disturbed in a predetermined manner and the amplitude-time curve of the excitation current i_exc , it has also been found that the excitation current i_exc and the oscillating measurement signals x_S1 , x_S2 can on the one hand vary with The times fluctuate significantly, although the conditions remain essentially constant, ie in the case of a steady flowing liquid of constant density and viscosity and the fraction of entrained air bubbles remains essentially constant. On the other hand, however, it has also been established that the practically unpredictable fluctuating excitation current i_exc , oscillating measurement signals x_S1 , x_S2 , and in particular their amplitudes, can have an empirical standard deviation or empirical dispersion_sp , which is consistent with non- Evenness has a lot to do with it. Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, the intermediate value_X2 is determined as a function of the dispersion_sp of the flow and/or operating parameters chosen for the actual application:

X₂＝f(s_p).　　　　　　　　　　(2)X₂ ＝f(s_p ). (2)

在这种情况中，中间值X₂可以基于单个流动和/或工作参数例如激励电流的分散度以及基于多个流动和/或工作参数的组合而确定。In this case, the intermediate value X₂ may be determined based on a single flow and/or operating parameter, such as the degree of dispersion of the excitation current, as well as on a combination of several flow and/or operating parameters.

为了确定中间值X₂而计算特定分散度s_p可以在科里奥利质量流量测量仪表1操作期间基于所选择的流动参数或工作参数的m个测量值a_i的采样AF而根据以下公式进行，其中流动参数例如是中间值X₂或密度测量值X_ρ，工作参数例如是激励电流i_exc或振荡测量信号x_s1，x_s2之一或其它：The calculation of the specific degree of dispersion_sp for the determination of the intermediate value_X2 can be performed during the operation of the Coriolis massflow measuring instrument 1 based on the sampling AF of m measured values a_i of the selected flow parameter or operating parameter according to the following formula , where the flow parameter is for example an intermediate value X₂ or a density measurement value X_ρ , and the operating parameter is for example an excitation current i_exc or an oscillation measurement signal x_s1 , one of x_s2 or other:

${\mathrm{<span><span>S</span>S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>P</span>P</span>}}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>m</span>m</span>}<span><span>-</span>-</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}\underset{\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}<span><span>=</span>=</span>\mathrm{<span><span>1</span>1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span><span>m</span>m</span>}}{\mathrm{<span><span>\&Sigma;</span>\&Sigma;</span>}}}{<span><span>(</span>(</span>{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span><span>i</span>i</span>}}<span><span>-</span>-</span>\stackrel{<span><span>\&OverBar;</span>\&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span><span>a</span>a</span>}}<span><span>)</span>)</span>}^{\mathrm{<span><span>2</span>2</span>}}<span><span>,</span>,</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>-</span>-</span><span><span>(</span>(</span>\mathrm{<span><span>2</span>2</span>}<span><span>)</span>)</span>$

其中，a对应于对于采样AF估计的平均值。为此，单个测量值a_i可以被数字存储在例如易失性数字存储器RAM中。在需要时，用于确定分散度s_p的采样AF可以例如是模拟测量的工作参数的幅度曲线的采样序列，例如激励电流i_exc的数字化的包络线的一部分或者以相应方式存储的振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2之一。where a corresponds to the average value estimated for the sampled AF. For this purpose, the individual measured values a_i can be stored digitally, for example in a volatile digital memory RAM. If desired, the samples AF for determining the degree of dispersion_sp can be, for example, a sample sequence of the amplitude curve of an operating parameter of an analog measurement, for example a part of the digitized envelope of the excitation current i_exc or a correspondingly stored oscillation measurement One of the signals x_S1 , x_S2 .

调查显示，为了足够精确地估计分散度s，仅需要较小尺寸的采样AF，例如约100～1000个测量值a_i，其中单个测量值也仅需要在大约1～2秒的非常窄的采样窗或时间间隔中被采样。相应地，大约几千赫兹，例如约1～5kHz的较低采样频率就将足够。Investigations show that in order to estimate the dispersion s with sufficient precision, only a small size sample AF is required, for example about 100-1000 measurements a_i , where a single measurement also only requires a very narrow sampling at about 1-2 seconds window or time interval is sampled. Correspondingly, a lower sampling frequency of the order of a few kilohertz, for example of the order of 1-5 kHz, will suffice.

进一步发现，对于许多应用，中间值X₂可以被确定为以中间值作为参数的简单(特别是线性或二次)函数的解，从而很少的一些湿标定(即使用合适的测试流体)测量点就足以确定要存储的对于中间值X₂的预设值，以能够在这些通过标定实验例如使用最小二乘方方法确定的已知点之间通过简单的内插和/或外插方法完成表存储器，而无需对剩余的预设值进一步的标定测量。然而，对于某些应用，已经证明将中间值X₂的预设值作为反正切函数或正弦函数的解计算是具有优点的。为了减少标定成本，中间值X₂的预设值的确定可以具有优点地在类型标定的框架中执行，其中对于相同类型的科里奥利质量流量测量仪表采用很少的实际测量的并且(如果需要的话)计算的预设值。It has further been found that, for many applications, the intermediate value_X2 can be determined as the solution of a simple (especially linear or quadratic) function with the intermediate value as parameter, so that few wet calibration (i.e. with a suitable test fluid) measurements It is sufficient to determine the preset value to be stored for the intermediate value X₂ to be able to be done by simple interpolation and/or extrapolation methods between these known points determined by calibration experiments, for example using the method of least squares table memory without further calibration measurements for the remaining preset values. However, for certain applications it has proven to be advantageous to calculate a preset value of the intermediate value_X2 as the solution of the arctangent or sine function. In order to reduce the calibration costs, the determination of the preset value for the intermediate value_X2 can advantageously be carried out in the framework of a type calibration, in which few actual measurements are used for a Coriolis mass flow measuring device of the same type and (if if required) calculated preset values.

在本发明的进一步发展中，分析电子装置基于密度测量值X_ρ并基于预先确定的或同时测量的参考密度值Kρ而确定介质的密度ρ与预定参考密度的偏差Δρ，其中Kρ可以例如在科里奥利质量流量计启动期间作为恒定值存储或者在工作期间从外部传递至科里奥利质量流量计。为了生成校正值X_k，这样确定的偏差Δρ被根据以下函数关系与第二中间值X₂结合In a further development of the invention, the evaluation electronics determines the deviation Δρ of the density ρ of the medium from a predetermined reference density Δρ based on the density measurement value X_ρ and on the basis of a predetermined or simultaneously measured reference density value K ρ , wherein K ρ can be obtained, for example, in Stored as a constant value during start-up of the Coriolis mass flow meter or transferred externally to the Coriolis mass flow meter during operation. In order to generate the correction value X_k , the deviation Δρ thus determined is combined with the second intermediate value X₂ according to the following functional relationship

X_K＝Δρ·X₂　　　　　　　　　(4).X_K ＝Δρ·X₂ (4).

参考密度值Kρ可以基于对于待测流体的了解而手动输入，例如在线输入或从远程控制室输入，或者它可以被例如经由现场总线而从外部密度计发送至测量仪表电子装置。The reference density value Kp can be entered manually, eg online or from a remote control room, based on knowledge of the fluid to be measured, or it can be sent from an external density meter to the meter electronics eg via a fieldbus.

然而，如果流体是单相的或者至少大部分是均匀的，可以预先利用分析电子装置21对于流体直接确定Kρ。相应地，根据本发明的另一实施例，使用同样存储在测量仪表电子装置中的密度测量值X_ρ，0确定参考密度值Kρ，其中存储的密度测量值X_ρ，0代表在均匀介质中或者假定为均匀的介质中测量的介质密度。在本发明的这个实施例的进一步发展中，作为参考密度值Kρ存储的密度测量值X_ρ，0用于先前在非均匀介质中确定的中间值X’_m的后续校正。本发明的这个实施例可以以特别具有优点的方式例如在给料或灌注过程的情况中使用，其中，一方面在一次装料之内在短时间中测量管内存在显著不同的流动条件，特别在测量管没有被完全填充的情况中，并且另一方面，感兴趣的是通过整个装料得到总的质量流量，并且特别关注实际填充的介质的总质量。However, if the fluid is single-phase or at least largely homogeneous, Kp can be determined directly for the fluid in advance using the analytical electronics 21 . Correspondingly, according to a further embodiment of the invention, a reference density value Kρ is determined using a density measurement value X_ρ,0 also stored in the measuring instrument electronics, wherein the stored density measurement value X_ρ,0 represents that in a homogeneous medium Or the measured medium density assuming a homogeneous medium. In a further development of this embodiment of the invention, the density measurement value_Xp,0 stored as the reference density value Kp is used for the subsequent correction of the previously determined intermediate value_X'm in the inhomogeneous medium. This embodiment of the invention can be used in a particularly advantageous manner, for example in the case of feeding or filling processes, where, on the one hand, there are significantly different flow conditions in the measuring tube within a short time within a single charge, especially when measuring In the case where the tube is not completely filled, and on the other hand, it is of interest to get the total mass flow through the entire charge, and in particular the total mass of medium actually filled.

由公式(1)～(4)表示的上述函数用于生成质量流量测量值X_m，这些函数可以至少部分地在测量仪表电子装置50的分析级54中实现。分析级54可以具有优点地例如同样利用信号处理器DSP或例如利用上述微计算机55而实现。相应算法对应于前述等式或者代表幅度控制电路51、频率控制电路52的功能并且将它们翻译为这种信号处理器中可执行的程序代码，这些算法的构造和实施这些都是本领域技术人员所熟知的技术并且因而不需要详细解释。当然，上述等式也可以由在测量电子装置50中相应离散组装的模拟和/或数字计算电路而完全或部分实现。The above-mentioned functions represented by equations (1) to (4) are used to generate the mass flow measured value X_m , which functions can be implemented at least partially in the evaluation stage 54 of themeter electronics 50 . The evaluation stage 54 can advantageously be realized, for example, likewise with a signal processor DSP or, for example, with theaforementioned microcomputer 55 . The corresponding algorithm corresponds to the aforementioned equations or represents the functions of theamplitude control circuit 51 and thefrequency control circuit 52 and translates them into executable program codes in this signal processor. The construction and implementation of these algorithms are those skilled in the art Well known techniques and thus need no detailed explanation. Of course, the above equations can also be fully or partially realized by correspondingly discretely assembled analog and/or digital calculation circuits in the measuringelectronics 50 .

Claims (14)

Translated fromChinese

1.科里奥利质量流量计，用于测量管道中流动的两相或多相介质的质量流量，该科里奥利质量流量计包括：1. Coriolis mass flowmeter, used to measure the mass flow rate of two-phase or multiphase media flowing in pipelines, the Coriolis mass flowmeter includes:-至少一个插入管道中的测量管，其在操作中由介质流经；- at least one measuring tube inserted into the pipeline through which the medium flows during operation;-支持装置，其固定至测量管的入口端和出口端并因而可振荡地夹持测量管；- supporting means, which are fixed to the inlet and outlet ends of the measuring tube and thus clamp the measuring tube oscillatingly;-激励装置，其在操作中令测量管执行机械振荡；- excitation means, which in operation cause the measuring tube to perform mechanical oscillations;-振荡传感器(141，142)，用于产生- Oscillation sensors (141, 142) for generating--代表测量管入口侧振荡的第一振荡测量信号x_S1，以及- the first oscillating measurement signal x_S1 representing the oscillating inlet side of the measuring tube, and--代表测量管出口侧振荡的第二振荡测量信号x_S2；和- a second oscillating measurement signal x_S2 representing the oscillation on the outlet side of the measuring tube; and-分析电子装置(2)，其发送- analysis electronics (2), which send--驱动激励装置的激励电流i_exc，和-- the excitation current i_exc to drive the excitation device, and--代表待测质量流量的质量流量测量值X_m，-- represents the mass flow measurement value X_m of the mass flow to be measured,-其中分析电子装置(2)-of which analytical electronics(2)--产生从振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2得到的对应于待测质量流量的第一中间值X’_m以及用于第一中间值X’_m的校正值X_K，并且- generating a first intermediate value_X'm corresponding to the mass flow to be measured and a correction value_XK for the first intermediate value_X'm derived from the oscillating measurement signals_xS1 ,_xS2 , and--利用第一中间值X’_m和校正值X_K确定质量流量测量值X_m，- determination of the mass flow measurement value X_{m using the first intermediate value X' mand} the correction value X_K ,-其中分析电子装置通过使用至少一个第二中间值X₂而产生校正值X_K，- wherein the analysis electronics generate the correction value X_K by using at least one second intermediate value X₂ ,--该第二中间值是从至少一个振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2和/或从激励电流i_exc得到的，- the second intermediate value is obtained from at least one oscillating measurement signal x_S1 , x_S2 and/or from the excitation current i_exc ,--该第二中间值X₂是基于至少对于预定的时间间隔确定的以下参数的分散度而确定的：激励电流i_exc的幅度、振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2的幅度、振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2的振荡频率、测量密度和/或第一中间值X′_m，并且- This second intermediate value_X2 is determined based on the degree of dispersion of the following parameters determined at least for a predetermined time interval: the amplitude of the excitation current i_exc , the amplitude of the oscillation measurement signals_xS1 ,_xS2 , the oscillation measurement signal x_S1 , the oscillation frequency of x_S2 , the measured density and/or the first intermediate value X′_m , and--该第二中间值代表介质的一个相部分的比例，-- the second intermediate value represents the proportion of a phase portion of the medium,-其中分析电子装置(2)-of which analytical electronics(2)--具有表存储器(56)，其中数字存储多个对于校正值X_K的离散预设值，并且--has a table memory (56) in which digitally stores a plurality of discrete preset values for the correction value X_K , and--为了确定校正值X_K而使用预设值之一，该预设值是使用第二中间值X₂而从表存储器(56)中读出的。- To determine the correction value X_K one of the preset values is used, which is read from the table memory (56) using the second intermediate value_X2 .2.根据权利要求1的科里奥利质量流量计，其是科里奥利质量流量/密度计。2. The Coriolis mass flow meter according to claim 1, which is a Coriolis mass flow/density meter.3.根据权利要求1的科里奥利质量流量计，其中激励装置在操作中令测量管执行弯曲振荡。3. A Coriolis mass flow meter according to claim 1, wherein the excitation means in operation causes the measuring tube to perform bending oscillations.4.根据权利要求1的科里奥利质量流量计，4. A Coriolis mass flow meter according to claim 1,-分析电子装置(2)发出密度测量值X_ρ，其是从第一和/或第二振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2得到的并且代表介质的密度，并且- the analysis electronics ( 2 ) emit a density measurement value X_ρ , which is obtained from the first and/or second oscillating measurement signal x_S1 , x_S2 and represents the density of the medium, and-分析电子装置(2)还利用密度测量值X_ρ确定校正值X_K。- The analytical electronics ( 2 ) also uses the density measurement value X_ρ to determine a correction value X_K .5.根据任一权利要求的科里奥利质量流量计，其中分析电子装置(2)利用第二中间值X₂确定表存储器中用作瞬时校正值X_K的预设值的存储器地址。5. The Coriolis mass flow meter according to claim 1, wherein the analysis electronics (2) use the second intermediate value_X2 to determine a memory address in the table memory serving as a preset value for the instantaneous correction value_XK .6.根据权利要求1的科里奥利质量流量计，其中分析电子装置(2)基于以下函数关系确定质量流量测量值X_m：6. The Coriolis mass flow meter according to claim 1, wherein the analysis electronics (2) determine the mass flow measurement value X_m based on the following functional relationship:X_m＝(1+X_K)·X＇_m.X_m ＝(1+X_K )·X'_m .7.一种方法，用于利用科里奥利质量流量计生成代表管道中流动的介质的物理测量变量的测量值X_m，该方法包括以下步骤：7. A method for generating a measured value X_m representative of a physically measured variable of a medium flowing in a pipeline using a Coriolis mass flow meter, the method comprising the steps of:-令介质所流经的科里奥利质量流量计测量管振荡；- oscillating the measuring tube of the Coriolis mass flowmeter through which the medium flows;-检测测量管的振荡，并生成代表入口侧振荡的第一振荡测量信号x_S1和代表出口侧振荡的第二振荡测量信号x_S2；- detecting the oscillations of the measuring tube and generating a first oscillation measurement signal x_S1 representative of the inlet side oscillation and a second oscillation measurement signal x_S2 representative of the outlet side oscillation;-使用两个振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2得到第一中间值X’_m；- using the two oscillating measurement signals x_S1 , x_S2 to obtain a first intermediate value X'_m;-利用两个振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2中的至少一个，确定第二中间值X₂，该第二中间值X₂代表至少一个分散度，其是在预定时间间隔中对于管道中流动的介质确定的测量值而确定的分散度，和/或在预定时间间隔中对于科里奥利质量流量计的工作参数而确定的分散度；- using_at least one of the two oscillating measurement signals x_S1 , x_S2 , determining a second intermediate value X₂ representing at least one degree of dispersion for the flow in the pipe during a predetermined time interval The degree of dispersion determined for the measured values determined by the medium, and/or the degree of dispersion determined for the operating parameters of the Coriolis mass flow meter during a predetermined time interval;-利用代表介质的一个相部分的比例的第二中间值X₂，产生对于中间值X’_m的校正值X_K；以及- using a second intermediate value X₂ representing the proportion of a phase fraction of the medium, generating a correction value X_K for the intermediate value_X'm ; and-利用校正值X_K校正中间值X’_m；- correction of the intermediate value_X'm by means of the correction value X_K ;-其中通过使用第二中间值X₂和使用表存储器而这样确定校正值X_K，即基于第二中间值X₂识别瞬时用于校正值X_K的预设值并从表存储器中读取该预设值，其中表存储器中数字存储多个对于校正值X_K的离散预设值。- wherein the correction value X_K is determined by using the second intermediate value X₂ and using a table memory in such a way that based on the second intermediate value X₂ the instantaneous preset value for the correction value X_K is identified and read from the table memory A preset value, wherein a plurality of discrete preset values for the correction value X_K are digitally stored in the table memory.8.根据权利要求7的方法，其中所述科里奥利质量流量计是科里奥利质量流量/密度计。8. The method of claim 7, wherein the Coriolis mass flow meter is a Coriolis mass flow/density meter.9.根据权利要求7的方法，其中所述测量值X_m是代表质量流量的质量流量测量值，且所述第一中间值X’_m对应于质量流量。9. The method according to claim 7, wherein said measured value_Xm is a mass flow measurement representing mass flow, and said first intermediate value_X'm corresponds to mass flow.10.根据权利要求7的方法，其中令介质所流经的科里奥利质量流量计测量管执行的振荡是弯曲振荡。10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the oscillation performed by the measuring tube of the Coriolis mass flow meter through which the medium is caused to flow is a bending oscillation.11.根据权利要求7的方法，其中所述第二中间值X₂代表至少一个分散度，其是在预定时间间隔中对于测量质量流量、测量密度、测量粘度而确定的分散度，和/或在预定时间间隔中对于振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2的幅度或振荡测量信号x_S1、x_S2的振荡频率而确定的分散度。11. The method according to claim 7, wherein said second intermediate value_X2 represents at least one degree of dispersion, which is a degree of dispersion determined for measured mass flow, measured density, measured viscosity in a predetermined time interval, and/or The dispersion determined for the amplitude of the oscillating measurement signal x_S1 , x_S2 or the oscillation frequency of the oscillating measurement signal x_S1 , x_S2 in a predetermined time interval.12.根据权利要求7的方法，还包括以下步骤：根据测量信号x_S1、x_S2得到用作测量值X_m的质量流量测量值，其代表介质的质量流量。12. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of deriving from the measurement signals x_S1 , x_S2 a mass flow measurement for use as measurement X_m representing the mass flow of the medium.13.根据权利要求7-12之一的方法，还包括以下步骤：13. The method according to any one of claims 7-12, further comprising the steps of:-根据测量信号x_S1、x_S2得到代表介质密度的第二测量值X_ρ；以及- Obtaining a second measured value X_ρ representing the density of the medium from the measured signals x_S1 , x_S2 ; and-使用第二测量值X_ρ得到校正值X_K。- Deriving a correction value X_K using the second measured value X_ρ .14.根据权利要求7的方法，还包括以下步骤：14. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of:-令激励电流i_exc流经与测量管机械耦合的电机激励装置，以引起测量管振荡；和- causing an excitation current i_exc to flow through a motor excitation device mechanically coupled to the measuring tube to cause the measuring tube to oscillate; and-通过考虑激励电流i_exc而确定第二中间值X₂。- Determination of the second intermediate value X₂ by taking into account the excitation current i_exc .

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