CN100493825C - Hot working and welding method of thick steel plate - Google Patents

Abstract

A heating and welding technology for the thick steel plate (80-165 mm in thickness) includes such steps as pre-heating the position to be welded to more than 150 deg.C by heating plates, cutting to form the groove as weld seam, thermal correcting at 640 deg.C for 20 min, cooling in air, removing the quenched layer from said groove, pre-heating to more than 150 deg.C by heating plates, welding, heat treating at 250-300 deg.C for 2 hr, and slow cooling.

Description

Translated fromChinese

厚钢板热加工及焊接方法Hot working and welding method of thick steel plate

(一)技术领域(1) Technical field

本发明涉及一种焊接方法，特别涉及一种对80～165mm厚钢板的热加工及焊接方法。The invention relates to a welding method, in particular to a thermal processing and welding method for 80-165mm thick steel plates.

(二)背景技术(2) Background technology

随着建筑钢结构设计与施工技术的发展，建筑钢结构工程结构跨度越来越大，节点受力越来越复杂，导致大量采用高强度特厚钢板。国家体育场钢结构工程，由于其结构跨度大、构造复杂，所以设计时局部采用了100/110mm厚的Q460E-Z35级钢材。但对于这种Q460E-Z35钢板及同级别厚钢板的焊接并无相关的焊接方法，若采用传统较薄板的焊接方法，就不能有效控制焊接残余应力和焊接裂纹，从而无法保证焊接接头的冲击韧性，进而无法保证焊接质量。With the development of architectural steel structure design and construction technology, the structural span of architectural steel structure engineering has become larger and larger, and the stress on nodes has become more and more complex, resulting in the extensive use of high-strength and extra-thick steel plates. Due to the large span and complex structure of the steel structure project of the National Stadium, 100/110mm thick Q460E-Z35 grade steel was partially used in the design. However, there is no relevant welding method for the welding of this Q460E-Z35 steel plate and thick steel plates of the same level. If the traditional thinner plate welding method is used, the welding residual stress and welding cracks cannot be effectively controlled, so the impact toughness of the welded joint cannot be guaranteed. , so that the welding quality cannot be guaranteed.

(三)发明内容(3) Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，主要解决80～165mm厚等同类厚钢板的焊接问题，并同时解决消除厚板焊接工件的焊接应力、消除焊接产生的裂纹、避免焊缝冲击下降等技术难题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method, which mainly solves the welding problems of similar thick steel plates with a thickness of 80 to 165 mm, and at the same time solves the problem of eliminating the welding stress of the welded workpiece of the thick plate, eliminating the cracks caused by welding, and avoiding welding. Seam impact drop and other technical problems.

本发明的目的是这样实现的：这种厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于步骤如下：The object of the present invention is achieved in that this thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method are characterized in that the steps are as follows:

这种厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，所述焊接方法采用CO₂气体保护焊和手工电弧焊，其特征在于步骤如下：This thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method, described welding method adopts CO₂ gas shielded welding and manual arc welding, it is characterized in that the steps are as follows:

步骤1，在80～165mm厚钢板的切割线两侧各至少75mm的区域内采用正面加热板和反面加热板进行切割前预热，预热温度要达到150℃以上；Step 1. Preheat the front heating plate and the reverse heating plate in the area of at least 75mm on both sides of the cutting line of the 80-165mm thick steel plate before cutting, and the preheating temperature should reach above 150°C;

步骤2，当预热温度达到150℃以上时，采用切割机进行厚钢板切割，并用火焰切割枪在厚钢板上切出焊缝坡口；Step 2, when the preheating temperature reaches above 150°C, use a cutting machine to cut the thick steel plate, and use a flame cutting gun to cut out the weld bevel on the thick steel plate;

步骤3，在厚钢板焊缝坡口切割完毕后，对厚钢板进行热矫正，热矫正温度为640℃，保温20分钟后进行钢结构热矫正，矫正完成后自然冷却；Step 3. After the weld bevel of the thick steel plate is cut, heat straighten the thick steel plate. The heat straightening temperature is 640°C. After 20 minutes of heat preservation, the steel structure is heat straightened. After the straightening is completed, it is naturally cooled;

步骤4，对焊缝坡口进行清理和打磨处理，去除切割面的淬硬层，直至露出原始金属光泽为止，并磨平钝边和凹槽，在焊缝坡口底部垫好垫板；Step 4: Clean and polish the weld groove, remove the hardened layer on the cutting surface until the original metal luster is exposed, smooth the blunt edges and grooves, and place a backing plate at the bottom of the weld groove;

步骤5，在焊缝两侧至少75mm区域内放置正面加热板和反面加热板进行焊接前预热；Step 5, place the front heating plate and the reverse heating plate in an area of at least 75mm on both sides of the weld for preheating before welding;

步骤6，当预热温度达到150℃以上即可进行焊接，焊接前将正面加热板拆除，焊缝背面的反面加热板作为伴随预热；焊接过程中，层间温度应控制在150℃～200℃范围内，焊接环境温度要求达到0℃以上，焊接环境风速当采用CO₂气体保护焊时要求不大于2m/s，当采用手工电弧焊时要求不大于8m/s；Step 6. When the preheating temperature reaches above 150°C, welding can be carried out. Before welding, the front heating plate is removed, and the reverse heating plate on the back of the weld is used as accompanying preheating; during the welding process, the interlayer temperature should be controlled at 150°C to 200°C Within the range of ℃, the welding ambient temperature is required to be above 0°C, and the welding ambient wind speed is required to be no greater than 2m/s when CO₂ gas shielded welding is used, and no greater than 8m/s when manual arc welding is used;

步骤7，焊接完成后，立即重新在焊缝处设置正面加热板和反面加热板，进行后热处理，后热温度应控制在250～300℃，后热时间2小时；Step 7: After the welding is completed, immediately re-install the front heating plate and the reverse heating plate at the welding seam for post-heat treatment. The post-heating temperature should be controlled at 250-300°C, and the post-heating time should be 2 hours;

步骤8，后热完成后，在焊缝两侧各500mm范围内覆盖保温被保温缓冷至环境温度。Step 8: After the post-heating is completed, cover the heat preservation within 500mm on both sides of the weld and slowly cool to the ambient temperature.

上述步骤1中，切割前预热时，用测温仪对预热温度进行监测，测温点设置在焊缝原始边缘两侧各75mm处。In theabove step 1, when preheating before cutting, the preheating temperature is monitored with a thermometer, and the temperature measurement points are set at 75mm on both sides of the original edge of the weld.

上述步骤2中，焊缝坡口为V形，坡口角度为35°+5°，坡口间隙为

mm。In theabove step 2, the weld groove is V-shaped, the groove angle is 35°+5°, and the groove gap is

mm.

上述步骤3中，在加机械外力的同时采用火焰条状或点状加热，使板得到热矫正。In the above-mentionedstep 3, while applying external mechanical force, the board is thermally corrected by using flame strip or spot heating.

上述步骤4中，采用刨边、铣边或打磨方法对焊缝坡口进行清理和加工，打磨厚度不小于0.5mm。In the above step 4, the edge planing, edge milling or grinding methods are used to clean and process the weld groove, and the grinding thickness is not less than 0.5mm.

上述步骤5中，预热温度控制用红外测温仪进行监测；测温仪垂直于测温表面，距离不得大于20cm；预热温度控制时在条件允许的前提下在焊件反面监测，测量点在离电弧经过前的焊接点各方向不小于75mm处。In theabove step 5, the preheating temperature control is monitored by an infrared thermometer; the thermometer is perpendicular to the temperature measuring surface, and the distance shall not be greater than 20cm; when the preheating temperature is controlled, it is monitored on the reverse side of the weldment if conditions permit, and the measuring point It is not less than 75mm in each direction from the welding point before the arc passes.

上述步骤6中，焊接过程中，用测温仪对焊缝的层间温度进行监测，测温点设在焊道起点，距离焊道熄弧端300mm以上。In theabove step 6, during the welding process, the interlayer temperature of the weld seam is monitored with a thermometer, and the temperature measurement point is set at the starting point of the weld bead, which is more than 300mm away from the arc extinguishing end of the weld bead.

上述步骤6中，焊接采用多层多道、窄焊道薄焊层的焊接方法，在平、横、仰焊位禁止焊枪摆动，立焊位CO2焊枪摆幅不大于20mm，手工电弧焊焊枪摆幅不大于3d，d为焊条直径，焊枪的倾角的限制为±30°，每道焊缝厚度不大于5mm；层间清除焊渣及飞溅物，同时对焊缝进行同频率锤击。In theabove step 6, welding adopts the welding method of multi-layer, multi-pass, narrow bead and thin welding layer. The swing of the welding torch is prohibited in the flat, horizontal and upward welding positions. The swing of the CO2 welding torch in the vertical welding position is not greater than 20mm. The width is not more than 3d, d is the diameter of the electrode, the inclination angle of the welding torch is limited to ±30°, and the thickness of each weld is not more than 5mm; remove welding slag and spatter between layers, and hammer the weld at the same frequency.

上述步骤7中，后热温度控制用红外测温仪进行监测；使用红外测温仪时，测温仪需垂直于测温表面，距离不得大于20cm，后热温度测温点设在焊道表面。In theabove step 7, the post-heat temperature control is monitored by an infrared thermometer; when using an infrared thermometer, the thermometer must be perpendicular to the temperature measurement surface, and the distance should not be greater than 20cm, and the post-heat temperature measurement point is set on the surface of the weld bead .

本发明与现有技术相比具有以下特点和有益效果：本发明选择独特的焊接工艺参数，焊接最低预热温度选择为150℃，热切割最低预热温度选择为150℃、热矫正条件为640℃×20分钟并空冷，有效消除了Q460E-Z35等同类厚钢板焊接的应力，解决了焊接工件易产生裂纹、焊缝接头冲击韧性下降的技术难题，有效保证了80～165mm厚的钢板的焊接质量，大幅提高了焊接工效，其焊接工件的性能指标满足设计文件和我国抗震设计规范的要求，保证了国家体育场工程的顺利实施，降低了工程施工的工期风险。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects: the present invention selects unique welding process parameters, the minimum preheating temperature for welding is 150°C, the minimum preheating temperature for thermal cutting is 150°C, and the thermal correction condition is 640°C ℃×20 minutes and air cooling, which effectively eliminates the welding stress of similar thick steel plates such as Q460E-Z35, solves the technical problems that cracks are easily produced in the welded workpiece and the impact toughness of the weld joint decreases, and effectively guarantees the welding of steel plates with a thickness of 80-165mm The quality of welding has greatly improved the welding efficiency. The performance indicators of the welded workpieces meet the requirements of the design documents and China's seismic design specifications, ensuring the smooth implementation of the National Stadium project and reducing the risk of construction schedules.

本发明针对Q460E-Z35等同类厚钢板焊接，从热切割及热矫正试验、焊接冷裂纹敏感性试验和刚性接头试验三个方面共进行了89组试验。在进行热切割试验时，采用火焰切割工艺，共进行4组试验。试验结果表明，板材采用热切割工艺时，在切割前需以高于150℃的预热温度进行预热，并采用热切割后刨(铣)边措施。在进行热矫正试验研究时，根据多次试验的摸索，确定热矫正条件为：640℃×20分钟并空冷。在进行焊接冷裂纹敏感性试验研究时，本发明从焊接连续冷却组织转变图、热影响区最高硬度试验、坡口焊接裂纹试验和焊接冷裂纹插销试验四方面对Q460E-Z35钢的焊接冷裂纹的敏感性进行了研究，共进行了71组试验。根据焊接热模拟试验结果，做出了Q460E-Z35钢的连续冷却组织转变图，冷却曲线参见图9，组织图参见图10、性能图参见图11。Aiming at the welding of similar thick steel plates such as Q460E-Z35, the present invention has carried out 89 groups of tests from three aspects: thermal cutting and thermal straightening test, welding cold crack sensitivity test and rigid joint test. In the thermal cutting test, the flame cutting process was used, and a total of 4 groups of tests were carried out. The test results show that when the thermal cutting process is used for the plate, it needs to be preheated at a preheating temperature higher than 150°C before cutting, and the planing (milling) edge measure should be adopted after thermal cutting. During the heat correction test research, according to the exploration of many experiments, the heat correction conditions are determined to be: 640°C × 20 minutes and air cooling. When carrying out the research on the sensitivity test of welding cold cracks, the present invention analyzes the welding cold cracks of Q460E-Z35 steel from four aspects: welding continuous cooling structure transition diagram, heat-affected zone maximum hardness test, groove welding crack test and welding cold crack pin test Sensitivity was studied, and a total of 71 tests were conducted. According to the results of the welding heat simulation test, the continuous cooling microstructure transformation diagram of Q460E-Z35 steel was made. See Figure 9 for the cooling curve, Figure 10 for the structure diagram, and Figure 11 for the performance diagram.

焊接热影响区(HAZ)最高硬度试验方法主要以测定焊接热影响区的淬硬倾向来评定钢材的冷裂纹敏感性。根据国家体育场钢结构工程实际焊接的需要，本发明分别采用了手工电弧焊和CO2气体保护焊两种焊接方法，共进行了21组试验。试验结果表明，常规焊接热输入常温下施焊，靠近热影响区及焊接热影响区最高硬度均超过规范上限值(350HV10)；当预热温度高于150℃后施焊热影响区及靠近热影响区部位的最高硬度下降至350以下，能够满足规范的有关要求。The maximum hardness test method of welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) mainly evaluates the cold crack susceptibility of steel by measuring the hardening tendency of welding heat-affected zone. According to the actual welding needs of the steel structure engineering of the National Stadium, the present invention adopts two welding methods of manual arc welding and CO2 gas shielded welding respectively, and carries out 21 groups of tests in total. The test results show that the conventional welding heat input is welded at room temperature, and the maximum hardness near the heat-affected zone and the welding heat-affected zone exceed the upper limit of the specification (350HV10); when the preheating temperature is higher than The maximum hardness of the heat-affected zone is reduced to below 350, which can meet the relevant requirements of the specification.

坡口焊接裂纹试验主要是评定焊接热影响区及焊缝金属产生冷裂纹的倾向性。根据国家体育场钢结构工程实际焊接的需要，本发明在试验中分别采用了手工焊条电弧焊和CO2气体保护焊两种焊接方法，从常温坡口裂纹试验、不同板厚的坡口焊接裂纹试验和低温环境坡口焊接裂纹试验三方面进行研究，共进行了11组试验。试验结果表明，该钢材在所选用的焊材匹配时，无论正温环境还是负温环境(-16℃)及不同板厚不产生裂纹的最低预热温度均为150℃，并且必须在厚度方向均衡达到预热温度。Groove welding crack test is mainly to evaluate the tendency of welding heat affected zone and weld metal to produce cold cracks. According to the needs of the actual welding of the steel structure engineering of the National Stadium, the present invention adopts manual electrode arc welding and CO2 gas shielded welding respectively in the test. The low temperature environment groove welding crack test was studied in three aspects, and a total of 11 groups of tests were carried out. The test results show that when the selected welding consumables are matched, the minimum preheating temperature for no cracks in the positive temperature environment or negative temperature environment (-16°C) and different plate thicknesses is 150°C, and must be welded in the thickness direction. Equilibrate to reach preheat temperature.

插销冷裂纹试验时根据工程的实际需要及国家的有关规定进行，采用手工电弧焊，共进行了预热温度为150℃、200℃和250℃三组试验。试验结果表明，随预热温度的增加，断裂应力呈线性增加。预热温度越高，临界断裂应力愈大。在预热150℃以上，国产Q460E-Z35钢的断裂应力均大于屈服强度。The cold crack test of the pin was carried out according to the actual needs of the project and the relevant national regulations. Manual arc welding was used, and three sets of tests were carried out with the preheating temperature of 150°C, 200°C and 250°C. The test results show that the fracture stress increases linearly with the increase of preheating temperature. The higher the preheating temperature, the greater the critical fracture stress. The fracture stress of domestic Q460E-Z35 steel is greater than the yield strength when preheated above 150℃.

根据上述试验结果，本发明Q460E-Z35厚板焊接时应以150℃为最低预热温度充分并均衡预热，并选择抗冷裂性好的焊材进行施工。在进行刚性接头试验研究时，分同种钢刚性接头试验和异种钢刚性接头试验两方面进行了研究。同种钢刚性接头试验时，针对Q460E-Z+Q460E-Z35分手工电弧焊、CO₂气体保护焊(含药芯焊丝和实芯焊丝)和埋弧自动焊共进行了6组试验。异种钢刚性接头试验时，针对Q345GJD+Q460E、Q460E+GS-20Mn5V分手工电弧焊、CO₂气体保护焊(含药芯焊丝和实芯焊丝)共进行了7组试验。试验结果表明，本发明得出的焊接工艺，Q460E-Z35厚板同种钢和异种钢的刚性接头的力学性能可以符合规范和设计的有关要求。适用于Q460E-Z35厚板等同类钢板焊接及热加工工艺。According to the above test results, when welding the Q460E-Z35 thick plate of the present invention, the minimum preheating temperature should be 150°C for sufficient and balanced preheating, and welding consumables with good cold crack resistance should be selected for construction. In the study of the rigid joint test, the research is divided into two aspects: the rigid joint test of the same steel and the rigid joint test of dissimilar steel. When testing the rigid joints of the same steel, a total of 6 groups of tests were carried out for Q460E-Z+Q460E-Z35 manual arc welding, CO₂ gas shielded welding (including flux cored wire and solid wire) and submerged arc automatic welding. During the test of dissimilar steel rigid joints, 7 groups of tests were carried out for Q345GJD+Q460E, Q460E+GS-20Mn5V, manual arc welding, CO₂ gas shielded welding (including flux cored wire and solid wire). The test results show that, with the welding process obtained in the present invention, the mechanical properties of the rigid joint of the Q460E-Z35 thick plate of the same steel and dissimilar steel can meet the relevant requirements of the specification and design. It is suitable for welding and thermal processing of similar steel plates such as Q460E-Z35 thick plates.

(四)附图说明(4) Description of drawings

图1是本发明步骤1的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram ofstep 1 of the present invention;

图2是本发明步骤2的示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram ofstep 2 of the present invention;

图3是本发明步骤3的示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram ofstep 3 of the present invention;

图4是本发明步骤4的示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of step 4 of the present invention;

图5是本发明步骤5的示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram ofstep 5 of the present invention;

图6是本发明步骤6的示意图；Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram ofstep 6 of the present invention;

图7是本发明步骤7的示意图；Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram ofstep 7 of the present invention;

图8是本发明步骤8的示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram ofstep 8 of the present invention.

图9是Q460E-Z35钢的连续冷却曲线图。Fig. 9 is a continuous cooling curve diagram of Q460E-Z35 steel.

图10是Q460E-Z35钢的连续组织转变图。Figure 10 is a continuous microstructure transformation diagram of Q460E-Z35 steel.

图11是Q460E-Z35钢的连续性能转变曲线图。Fig. 11 is a continuous performance transition curve of Q460E-Z35 steel.

1—厚钢板、2—另一厚钢板、3—切割线、4—焊缝坡口、5—切割机、6—正面加热板、7—反面加热板、8—垫板、9—保温被、10—焊料、11—工作台、12—加热线、13—垫块、14—机械外力。1—thick steel plate, 2—another thick steel plate, 3—cutting line, 4—weld bevel, 5—cutting machine, 6—front heating plate, 7—reverse heating plate, 8—backing plate, 9—insulation quilt , 10—solder, 11—working table, 12—heating wire, 13—pad, 14—mechanical external force.

(五)具体实施方式(5) Specific implementation methods

实施例，以Q460E-Z35钢板焊接为例，这种钢板热加工及焊接方法的步骤如下：Embodiment, taking Q460E-Z35 steel plate welding as an example, the steps of this steel plate thermal processing and welding method are as follows:

步骤1参见图1，在80～165mm厚钢板的切割线3两侧各至少75mm的区域内采用正面加热板6和反面加热板7进行切割前预热，预热温度要达到150℃以上；预热时，用测温仪对预热温度进行监测，测温点设置在焊缝原始边缘两侧各75mm处。Step 1 Refer to Figure 1, use thefront heating plate 6 and thereverse heating plate 7 in the area of at least 75mm on both sides of thecutting line 3 of the 80-165mm thick steel plate to preheat before cutting, and the preheating temperature should reach above 150°C; When it is hot, use a thermometer to monitor the preheating temperature, and the temperature measurement point is set at 75mm on both sides of the original edge of the weld.

步骤2参见图2，当预热温度达到150℃以上时，采用切割机5进行厚钢板切割，并用火焰切割枪在厚钢板上切出焊缝坡口4；焊缝坡口为斜Y形或V形，坡口角度为35°～40°，坡口间隙为6～11mm。Step 2 Refer to Figure 2. When the preheating temperature reaches above 150°C, use cuttingmachine 5 to cut the thick steel plate, and use a flame cutting gun to cut out the weld bevel 4 on the thick steel plate; the weld bevel is oblique Y-shaped or V-shape, the groove angle is 35°~40°, and the groove gap is 6~11mm.

步骤3参见图3，在厚钢板焊缝坡口切割完毕后，对厚钢板进行热矫正，在厚钢板底部设置垫块13，在加机械外力14的同时采用火焰条状或点状加热，加热线12如图所示，热矫正温度为640℃，保温20分钟后进行钢结构热矫正，矫正完成后自然冷却，使板得到矫正。Step 3, see Fig. 3, after the weld bevel of the thick steel plate is cut, the thick steel plate is thermally rectified, acushion block 13 is set at the bottom of the thick steel plate, and the flame strip or point is used to heat while the mechanicalexternal force 14 is applied. Thehot line 12 is shown in the figure, and the temperature for hot straightening is 640°C. The steel structure is hot straightened after 20 minutes of heat preservation. After the straightening is completed, it is naturally cooled to make the plate straightened.

步骤4参见图4，采用刨边、铣边或打磨方法对焊缝坡口4进行清理和加工，去除切割面的淬硬层，直至露出原始金属光泽为止，并磨平钝边和凹槽，打磨厚度不小于0.5mm，在焊缝坡口底部垫好垫板8。Step 4, see Figure 4, use planing, milling or grinding methods to clean and process the weld groove 4, remove the hardened layer on the cutting surface until the original metallic luster is exposed, and smooth the blunt edges and grooves, The grinding thickness is not less than 0.5mm, and abacking plate 8 is placed at the bottom of the weld groove.

步骤5参见图5，在焊缝两侧至少75mm区域内放置正面加热板6和反面加热板7进行焊接前预热。焊接过程中，用测温仪对焊缝的层间温度进行监测，测温点设在焊道起点，距离焊道熄弧端300mm以上。焊接采用多层多道、窄焊道薄焊层的焊接方法，在平、横、仰焊位禁止焊枪摆动，立焊位CO₂焊枪摆幅不大于20mm，手工电弧焊焊枪摆幅不大于3d，d为焊条直径，焊枪的倾角的限制为±30°，每道焊缝厚度不大于5mm；层间清除焊渣及飞溅物，同时对焊缝进行同频率锤击。上述步骤5中，预热温度控制用红外测温仪进行监测；测温仪垂直于测温表面，距离不得大于20cm；预热温度控制时在条件允许的前提下在焊件反面监测，测量点在离电弧经过前的焊接点各方向不小于75mm处。Step 5 Referring to Fig. 5, place thefront heating plate 6 and theback heating plate 7 in an area of at least 75 mm on both sides of the weld for preheating before welding. During the welding process, use a thermometer to monitor the interlayer temperature of the weld. The temperature measurement point is set at the starting point of the weld bead, and the distance from the arc extinguishing end of the weld bead is more than 300mm. Welding adopts the welding method of multi-layer, multi-pass, narrow bead and thin welding layer. The swing of the welding torch is prohibited in the flat, horizontal and upward welding positions. The swing of the CO₂ welding torch in the vertical welding position is not greater than 20mm, and the swing of the manual arc welding torch is not greater than 3d , d is the diameter of the electrode, the inclination angle of the welding torch is limited to ±30°, and the thickness of each weld is not greater than 5mm; remove welding slag and spatter between layers, and hammer the weld at the same frequency at the same time. In theabove step 5, the preheating temperature control is monitored by an infrared thermometer; the thermometer is perpendicular to the temperature measuring surface, and the distance shall not be greater than 20cm; when the preheating temperature is controlled, it is monitored on the reverse side of the weldment if conditions permit, and the measuring point It is not less than 75mm in each direction from the welding point before the arc passes.

步骤6参见图6，当预热温度达到150℃以上即可进行焊接，焊接前将正面加热板6拆除，焊缝背面的反面加热板7作为伴随预热；焊接过程中，层间温度应控制在150℃～200℃范围内，焊接环境温度要求达到0℃以上，焊接环境风速当采用CO₂气体保护焊时要求不大于2m/s，当采用手工电弧焊时要求不大于8m/s。用测温仪对焊缝的层间温度进行监测，测温点设在焊道起点，距离焊道熄弧端300mm以上。焊接采用多层多道、窄焊道薄焊层的焊接方法，在平、横、仰焊位禁止焊枪摆动，立焊位焊枪摆幅不大于20mm，每焊层厚度不大于5mm；层间清除焊渣及飞溅物，同时对焊缝进行同频率锤击。Step 6 Refer to Figure 6. When the preheating temperature reaches above 150°C, welding can be carried out. Before welding, thefront heating plate 6 is removed, and thereverse heating plate 7 on the back of the weld is used as accompanying preheating; during the welding process, the interlayer temperature should be controlled In the range of 150°C to 200°C, the welding ambient temperature is required to be above 0°C, and the welding ambient wind speed is required to be no greater than 2m/s when CO₂ gas shielded welding is used, and no greater than 8m/s when manual arc welding is used. Use a thermometer to monitor the interlayer temperature of the weld. The temperature measurement point is set at the starting point of the weld bead, more than 300mm away from the arc extinguishing end of the weld bead. Welding adopts the welding method of multi-layer, multi-pass, narrow bead and thin welding layer. It is forbidden to swing the welding torch in the flat, horizontal and upward welding positions. Welding slag and spatter, while hammering the weld with the same frequency.

步骤7参见图7，焊接完成后，立即重新在焊缝处设置正面加热板6和反面加热板7，进行后热处理，后热温度应控制在250～300℃，后热时间2小时。后热温度控制用红外测温仪进行监测；使用红外测温仪时，测温仪需垂直于测温表面，距离不得大于20cm，后热温度测温点设在焊道表面。Step 7 Refer to Figure 7. After the welding is completed, immediately re-install thefront heating plate 6 and theback heating plate 7 at the welding seam for post-heat treatment. The post-heating temperature should be controlled at 250-300°C, and the post-heating time should be 2 hours. The post-heat temperature control is monitored by an infrared thermometer; when an infrared thermometer is used, the thermometer must be perpendicular to the temperature measurement surface, and the distance shall not be greater than 20cm, and the post-heat temperature measurement point shall be set on the surface of the weld bead.

步骤8参见图8，后热完成后在焊缝两侧各500mm范围内覆盖保温被9，保温缓冷至环境温度。See Figure 8 forstep 8. After the post-heating is completed, cover theinsulation quilt 9 within 500 mm on both sides of the weld, and keep the insulation and cool slowly to the ambient temperature.

技术参数：屈服强度≥400MPa；抗拉强度550~720MPa；伸长率δ₅≥20％；焊缝-40°C；冲击韧性A_kV≥34J，热影响区-40°C冲击韧性A_kV≥27J；并具有良好的抗层状撕裂性能，满足Z35要求。Technical parameters: yield strength ≥ 400MPa; tensile strength 550~720MPa; elongation δ₅ ≥ 20%; weld -40°C; impact toughness A_kV ≥ 34J, heat affected zone -40°C impact toughness A_kV ≥ 27J; and has good lamellar tear resistance, meeting the requirements of Z35.

Claims (9)

Translated fromChinese

【权利要求1】一种厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，所述焊接方法采用CO₂气体保护焊和手工电弧焊，其特征在于步骤如下：[Claim 1] A thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method, the welding method adopts_CO2 gas shielded welding and manual arc welding, characterized in that the steps are as follows:步骤1，在80～165mm厚钢板的切割线两侧各至少75mm的区域内采用正面加热板和反面加热板进行切割前预热，预热温度要达到150℃以上；Step 1. Preheat the front heating plate and the reverse heating plate in the area of at least 75mm on both sides of the cutting line of the 80-165mm thick steel plate before cutting, and the preheating temperature should reach above 150°C;步骤2，当预热温度达到150℃以上时，采用切割机进行厚钢板切割，并用火焰切割枪在厚钢板上切出焊缝坡口；Step 2, when the preheating temperature reaches above 150°C, use a cutting machine to cut the thick steel plate, and use a flame cutting gun to cut out the weld bevel on the thick steel plate;步骤3，在厚钢板焊缝坡口切割完毕后，对厚钢板进行热矫正，热矫正温度为640℃，保温20分钟后进行钢结构热矫正，矫正完成后自然冷却；Step 3. After the weld bevel of the thick steel plate is cut, heat straighten the thick steel plate. The heat straightening temperature is 640°C. After 20 minutes of heat preservation, the steel structure is heat straightened. After the straightening is completed, it is naturally cooled;步骤4，对焊缝坡口进行清理和打磨处理，去除切割面的淬硬层，直至露出原始金属光泽为止，并磨平钝边和凹槽，在焊缝坡口底部垫好垫板；Step 4: Clean and polish the weld groove, remove the hardened layer on the cutting surface until the original metal luster is exposed, smooth the blunt edges and grooves, and place a backing plate at the bottom of the weld groove;步骤5，在焊缝两侧至少75mm区域内放置正面加热板和反面加热板进行焊接前预热；Step 5, place the front heating plate and the reverse heating plate in an area of at least 75mm on both sides of the weld for preheating before welding;步骤6，当预热温度达到150℃以上即可进行焊接，焊接前将正面加热板拆除，焊缝背面的反面加热板作为伴随预热；焊接过程中，层间温度应控制在150℃～200℃范围内，焊接环境温度要求达到0℃以上，焊接环境风速当采用CO2气体保护焊时要求不大于2m/s，当采用手工电弧焊时要求不大于8m/s；Step 6. When the preheating temperature reaches above 150°C, welding can be carried out. Before welding, the front heating plate is removed, and the reverse heating plate on the back of the weld is used as accompanying preheating; during the welding process, the interlayer temperature should be controlled at 150°C to 200°C Within the range of ℃, the welding ambient temperature is required to be above 0°C, and the welding ambient wind speed is required to be no greater than 2m/s when CO2 gas shielded welding is used, and no greater than 8m/s when manual arc welding is used;步骤7，焊接完成后，立即重新在焊缝处设置正面加热板和反面加热板，进行后热处理，后热温度应控制在250～300℃，后热时间2小时；Step 7: After the welding is completed, immediately re-install the front heating plate and the reverse heating plate at the welding seam for post-heat treatment. The post-heating temperature should be controlled at 250-300°C, and the post-heating time should be 2 hours;步骤8，后热完成后，在焊缝两侧各500mm范围内覆盖保温被保温缓冷至环境温度。Step 8: After the post-heating is completed, cover the heat preservation within 500mm on both sides of the weld and slowly cool to the ambient temperature.【权利要求2】根据权利要求1所述的厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于：上述步骤1中，切割前预热时，用测温仪对预热温度进行监测，测温点设置在焊缝原始边缘两侧各75mm处。[Claim 2] The thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the above step 1, when preheating before cutting, the preheating temperature is monitored with a thermometer, and the temperature measuring point is set 75mm on both sides of the original edge of the weld.【权利要求3】根据权利要求1所述的厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于：上述步骤2中，焊缝坡口为V形，坡口角度为35°+5°，坡口间隙为

mm。[Claim 3] The thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the above step 2, the weld groove is V-shaped, the groove angle is 35°+5°, and the groove gap for

mm.【权利要求4】根据权利要求1所述的厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于：上述步骤3中，在加机械外力的同时采用火焰条状或点状加热，使板得到热矫正。[Claim 4] The method for thermal processing and welding of thick steel plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the above step 3, while applying external mechanical force, the plate is thermally straightened by using flame strip or spot heating.【权利要求5】根据权利要求1所述的厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于：上述步骤4中，采用刨边、铣边或打磨方法对焊缝坡口进行清理和加工，打磨厚度不小于0.5mm。[Claim 5] The thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the above step 4, the edge planing, milling or grinding methods are used to clean and process the weld bevel, and the thickness of the grinding Not less than 0.5mm.【权利要求6】根据权利要求1所述的厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于：上述步骤5中，预热温度控制用红外测温仪进行监测；测温仪垂直于测温表面，距离不得大于20cm；预热温度控制时在焊件反面监测，测量点在离电弧经过前的焊接点各方向不小于75mm处。[Claim 6] The thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the above step 5, the preheating temperature is controlled by an infrared thermometer for monitoring; the thermometer is perpendicular to the temperature measuring surface, The distance shall not be greater than 20cm; when the preheating temperature is controlled, it shall be monitored on the reverse side of the weldment, and the measurement point shall be no less than 75mm in each direction from the welding point before the arc passes.【权利要求7】根据权利要求1所述的厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于：上述步骤6中，焊接过程中，用测温仪对焊缝的层间温度进行监测，测温点设在焊道起点，距离焊道熄弧端300mm以上。[Claim 7] The thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the above step 6, during the welding process, the interlayer temperature of the weld is monitored with a thermometer, and the temperature measuring point Set at the starting point of the weld bead, more than 300mm away from the arc extinguishing end of the weld bead.【权利要求8】根据权利要求1所述的厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于：上述步骤6中，焊接采用多层多道、窄焊道薄焊层的焊接方法，在平、横、仰焊位禁止焊枪摆动，立焊位CO₂焊枪摆幅不大于20mm，手工电弧焊焊枪摆幅不大于3d，d为焊条直径，焊枪的倾角的限制为±30°，每道焊缝厚度不大于5mm；层间清除焊渣及飞溅物，同时对焊缝进行同频率锤击。[Claim 8] The thick steel plate thermal processing and welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the above-mentioned step 6, welding adopts a multi-layer, multi-pass, narrow bead and thin welding layer welding method, in the flat and horizontal 1. The swing of the welding torch is prohibited in the supine welding position, the swing of the CO₂ welding torch in the vertical welding position is not more than 20mm, and the swing of the manual arc welding torch is not more than 3d, where d is the diameter of the welding rod, the inclination angle of the welding torch is limited to ±30°, and the thickness of each weld seam No more than 5mm; remove welding slag and spatter between layers, and hammer the weld with the same frequency at the same time.【权利要求9】根据权利要求1所述的厚钢板热加工及焊接方法，其特征在于：上述步骤7中，后热温度控制用红外测温仪进行监测；使用红外测温仪时，测温仪需垂直于测温表面，距离不得大于20cm，后热温度测温点设在焊道表面。[Claim 9] The method for thermal processing and welding of thick steel plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the above step 7, the post-heating temperature control is monitored by an infrared thermometer; when the infrared thermometer is used, the temperature measurement The instrument must be perpendicular to the temperature measuring surface, the distance shall not be greater than 20cm, and the post-heating temperature measuring point shall be set on the surface of the weld bead.

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