CN100393452C - A preparation method of laser sintering rapid prototyping material - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种激光烧结快速成形材料的制备方法，其步骤为：首先将作为粘结剂的酚醛树脂或环氧树脂粉碎至50μm以内；再将待烧结的金属或合金粉末与粉碎后的粘结剂加入到球磨机中，混合均匀即可；其中金属或合金粉末的粒度-200目～-500目，金属或合金粉末与粘结剂的质量比为100∶2～100∶5，混料球与各原料粉末的体积比为1∶2～1∶4。本发明具有工艺简单，加工周期短，成本低，且环保的特点。采用本发明方法制备的选择性激光烧结快速成形材料烧结性能好，粘结强度高，成形精度高。本发明有助于实现金属零件或模具的选择性激光烧结快速制造，拓宽了激光烧结技术成形粉末的范围，在快速成形领域具有广泛的应用前景。The invention discloses a preparation method of a laser sintering rapid prototyping material. The steps are as follows: first, pulverize phenolic resin or epoxy resin as a binder to within 50 μm; then mix metal or alloy powder to be sintered with pulverized The binder is added to the ball mill and mixed evenly; the particle size of the metal or alloy powder is -200 mesh to -500 mesh, and the mass ratio of the metal or alloy powder to the binder is 100:2 to 100:5. The volume ratio of the ball to each raw material powder is 1:2-1:4. The invention has the characteristics of simple process, short processing cycle, low cost and environmental protection. The selective laser sintering rapid prototyping material prepared by the method of the invention has good sintering performance, high bonding strength and high forming precision. The invention helps realize the rapid manufacturing of metal parts or molds by selective laser sintering, broadens the range of laser sintering forming powders, and has broad application prospects in the field of rapid prototyping.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种激光烧结快速成形材料的制备方法A preparation method of laser sintering rapid prototyping material

技术领域technical field

本发明属于先进制造技术领域，具体涉及选择性激光烧结间接法快速制造金属零件或模具的粉末材料的制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing technology, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a powder material for rapid manufacturing of metal parts or molds by a selective laser sintering indirect method.

技术背景technical background

目前，金属零件或模具的生产和加工主要是通过机加工或铸造等方法制得。铸造一般采用蜡模、模板的压模及铸造用模具等，一般都是机加工和手工完成的，加工周期长、费用高。对于一些形状复杂的零件，如轮船和飞机发动机叶轮、汽车、坦克的缸体、缸盖等，模具的制造一直是制约我国制造业快速发展的瓶颈。快速成形技术为实现模具制造的短周期、多品种、低费用提供了一条捷径。目前世界上投入应用的快速成形方法有十多种，其中选择性激光烧结(Selective Laser Sintering，SLS)技术具有十分广泛的应用领域，正受到越来越多的重视。利用SLS技术可以自动而迅速地从三维CAD模型直接制得任何形状复杂的金属零件或模具，其制造工艺过程包括：金属粉末材料→激光逐层扫描烧结成形→后处理。即将金属粉末通过激光烧结得到金属的形坯件，这种形坯件往往是低密度的多孔状结构，强度和硬度较低，不能直接应用于实际生产需求，必须经过后处理。经后处理渗入第二相熔点较低的金属后直接形成金属零件或模具。在国内，选择性激光烧结快速成形技术已经开始研究，所用的粉末材料主要是塑料粉末(如聚苯乙烯、尼龙粉和聚碳酸酯粉末)、ABS粉、蜡粉和覆膜砂等粉末材料，对于金属粉末材料的制备及其烧结成形技术的研究还处于初步研究阶段。而目前，金属粉末材料的制备大多数还是采用覆膜金属粉末的方法，而这种方法是对被覆膜金属粉末进行包括清洗油脂、氧化物以及润湿的表面处理，然后制备包覆溶液和表面处理后的金属粉末混和、烘干，再经粉碎、添加其它元素，制得用于激光烧结快速成形金属零件或模具的覆膜金属粉末。上述的这种制备方法工艺复杂，加工周期长，成本高，而且对环境不利。At present, the production and processing of metal parts or molds are mainly made by machining or casting. Casting generally uses wax patterns, dies for templates, and casting molds, etc., which are generally machined and manually completed, with long processing cycles and high costs. For parts with complex shapes, such as ship and aircraft engine impellers, automobiles, tank cylinders, cylinder heads, etc., the manufacture of molds has always been a bottleneck restricting the rapid development of my country's manufacturing industry. Rapid prototyping technology provides a shortcut to realize short cycle, multiple varieties and low cost of mold manufacturing. At present, there are more than ten kinds of rapid prototyping methods put into use in the world, among which Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology has a very wide range of applications and is receiving more and more attention. Using SLS technology, metal parts or molds of any complex shape can be produced automatically and quickly from the 3D CAD model. The manufacturing process includes: metal powder material→laser layer-by-layer scanning sintering forming→post-processing. That is to say, the metal powder is sintered by laser to obtain a metal blank. This blank is often a low-density porous structure with low strength and hardness. It cannot be directly applied to actual production needs and must be post-processed. After post-treatment, it infiltrates the metal with the lower melting point of the second phase and directly forms metal parts or molds. In China, selective laser sintering rapid prototyping technology has begun research, the powder materials used are mainly plastic powder (such as polystyrene, nylon powder and polycarbonate powder), ABS powder, wax powder and coated sand and other powder materials, The research on the preparation of metal powder materials and its sintering forming technology is still in the preliminary research stage. At present, most of the preparation of metal powder materials still adopts the method of coated metal powder, and this method is to carry out surface treatment including cleaning grease, oxide and wetting on the coated metal powder, and then prepare coating solution and The metal powder after surface treatment is mixed and dried, and then crushed and added with other elements to obtain the coated metal powder for laser sintering rapid prototyping metal parts or molds. The above-mentioned preparation method is complex in process, long in processing cycle, high in cost, and unfavorable to the environment.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种激光烧结快速成形材料的制备方法，该方法所制备的快速成形材料具有烧结性能好，成形精度高的优点。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of laser sintering rapid prototyping material for the deficiencies of the prior art. The rapid prototyping material prepared by the method has the advantages of good sintering performance and high forming precision.

本发明提供的一种激光烧结快速成形材料的制备方法，其步骤为：首先将作为粘结剂的酚醛树脂或环氧树脂粉碎至50μm以内；再将待烧结的金属或合金粉末与粉碎后的粘结剂加入到球磨机中，混合均匀即可；其中金属或合金粉末的粒度为-200目～-500目，金属或合金粉末与粘结剂的质量比为100∶2～100∶5，混料球与各原料粉末的体积比为1∶2～1∶4。The preparation method of a laser sintering rapid prototyping material provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: first, crush the phenolic resin or epoxy resin as a binder to within 50 μm; then mix the crushed metal or alloy powder with the crushed The binder is added to the ball mill and mixed evenly; the particle size of the metal or alloy powder is -200 mesh to -500 mesh, and the mass ratio of the metal or alloy powder to the binder is 100:2 to 100:5. The volume ratio of the material ball to each raw material powder is 1:2-1:4.

本发明具有工艺简单，加工周期短，成本低，且环保的特点。采用本发明方法制备的选择性激光烧结快速成形材料烧结性能好，粘结强度高，成形精度高。本发明有助于实现金属零件或模具的选择性激光烧结快速制造，拓宽了激光烧结技术成形粉末的范围，在快速成形领域具有广泛的应用前景。The invention has the characteristics of simple process, short processing cycle, low cost and environmental protection. The selective laser sintering rapid prototyping material prepared by the method of the invention has good sintering performance, high bonding strength and high forming precision. The invention helps realize the rapid manufacturing of metal parts or molds by selective laser sintering, broadens the range of laser sintering forming powders, and has broad application prospects in the field of rapid prototyping.

具体的实施方式specific implementation

下面结合具体的实例对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

实施例1：Example 1:

首先将块状的环氧树脂E12粉碎加工至粒径为5mm左右，然后将粒径位5mm的环氧树脂颗粒进一步在气流流化床中进行粉碎加工至粒径为15μm的粉末，取1000克-200目的316L不锈钢粉，然后将316L不锈钢粉和环氧树脂粉末按质量比为100∶2的比例放入混粉机，并按与原料的体积比1∶2加入混料球，混和1个小时。First, crush the bulk epoxy resin E12 to a particle size of about 5mm, and then further crush the epoxy resin particles with a particle size of 5mm in an air-flow fluidized bed to a powder with a particle size of 15μm, take 1000 grams - 200 mesh 316L stainless steel powder, then put the 316L stainless steel powder and epoxy resin powder into the powder mixer with a mass ratio of 100:2, and add a mixing ball according to the volume ratio of the raw material to 1:2, and mix one Hour.

实施例2：Example 2:

首先将块状的粘结剂粉碎加工至粒径为5mm左右，然后将粒径位5mm的酚醛树脂颗粒进一步在气流流化床中进行粉碎加工至粒径为10μm的粉末，取1000克-300目的Fe粉和石墨粉(100∶5)作为合金粉，最后将合金粉和酚醛树脂粉末按质量比为100∶3的比例作为烧结原料放入混粉机，最后按与原料的体积比1∶3加入混料球，混和1.5个小时即可。First, crush the blocky binder to a particle size of about 5 mm, and then further crush the phenolic resin particles with a particle size of 5 mm in an air-flow fluidized bed to a powder with a particle size of 10 μm. Take 1000 grams -300 Purpose Fe powder and graphite powder (100:5) are used as alloy powder, and finally the alloy powder and phenolic resin powder are put into the powder mixer as sintering raw materials in a ratio of 100:3 by mass ratio, and finally the volume ratio to raw materials is 1: 3 Add mixing balls and mix for 1.5 hours.

实施例3：Example 3:

首先将块状的环氧树脂粉碎加工至粒径为5mm左右，然后将粒径位5mm的环氧树脂颗粒进一步在气流流化床中进行粉碎加工至粒径为20μm的粉末，取1000克-500目的Fe粉和Cu粉、Ni粉和石墨粉(100∶4.5∶2.5∶1)作为合金粉，最后将合金粉和环氧树脂粉末按质量比为100∶5的比例放入混粉机作为烧结原料，最后按与原料的体积比1∶4加入混料球，混和2个小时至均匀即可。First, crush the bulk epoxy resin to a particle size of about 5mm, and then further crush the epoxy resin particles with a particle size of 5mm in an air-flow fluidized bed to a powder with a particle size of 20μm. Take 1000g- 500-mesh Fe powder and Cu powder, Ni powder and graphite powder (100:4.5:2.5:1) are used as alloy powder, and finally the alloy powder and epoxy resin powder are put into the powder mixer in a mass ratio of 100:5 as Sinter the raw materials, and finally add mixing balls according to the volume ratio of the raw materials to 1:4, and mix for 2 hours until uniform.

本发明方法中所使用的待烧结金属或合金粉末与现有的制备快速成形材料所使用的原料相同。通常选用Fe粉或Fe基合金粉，也可以是Al-Mg-Si等合金粉末。金属或合金粉末的粒度为-200～-500目。Fe基合金粉是在Fe粉中加入Cu粉、Al粉、Ni粉、Ni粉或石墨等其它粉末，其中Fe粉与其它粉末的质量比≤100∶8。The metal or alloy powder to be sintered used in the method of the invention is the same as the raw material used in the existing preparation of rapid prototyping materials. Fe powder or Fe-based alloy powder is usually selected, and alloy powder such as Al-Mg-Si can also be used. The particle size of metal or alloy powder is -200～-500 mesh. The Fe-based alloy powder is obtained by adding other powders such as Cu powder, Al powder, Ni powder, Ni powder or graphite to Fe powder, wherein the mass ratio of Fe powder to other powders is ≤100:8.

本发明所使用的粘结剂粒径小于50μm即可，但粒径越小效果越好。受加工工艺的影响，通常难以加工到10μm以下。The particle size of the binder used in the present invention is less than 50 μm, but the smaller the particle size, the better the effect. Affected by the processing technology, it is usually difficult to process below 10 μm.

本发明制得的适用于激光烧结快速成形金属零件或模具的粉末材料，经测试检验，其主要性能指标如下：The powder material suitable for laser sintering rapid prototyping metal parts or moulds, which the present invention makes, is tested and inspected, and its main performance indicators are as follows:

外观：灰色Appearance: gray

粒度：-200～-500目Particle size: -200～-500 mesh

加工成形温度：200～300℃Processing temperature: 200～300℃

收缩率：＜0.5％。Shrinkage rate: <0.5%.

Claims (1)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种激光烧结快速成形材料的制备方法，其步骤为：1. A preparation method for laser sintering rapid prototyping material, the steps are:首先将作为粘结剂的酚醛树脂或环氧树脂粉碎至50μm以内；再将待烧结的金属或合金粉末与粉碎后的粘结剂加入到球磨机中，混合均匀即可；其中金属或合金粉末的粒度-200目～-500目，金属或合金粉末与粘结剂的质量比为100∶2～100∶5，混料球与各原料粉末的体积比为1∶2～1∶4。First, the phenolic resin or epoxy resin used as the binder is crushed to within 50 μm; then the metal or alloy powder to be sintered and the crushed binder are added to the ball mill and mixed evenly; the metal or alloy powder The particle size is -200 mesh to -500 mesh, the mass ratio of the metal or alloy powder to the binder is 100:2 to 100:5, and the volume ratio of the mixing ball to each raw material powder is 1:2 to 1:4.