CA2920567C - Surgical navigation system for guiding an access member - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of surgical navigation into' the brain includes establishing a trajectory through the skull into the brain to a target, drilling a hole in the skull using a drill (14), and verifying the trajectory of the drilled hole during drilling using image guidance. A surgical navigation system includes a cannulated drill, a cannulated access member (30), and a coupling member (16) for coupling the access member to the drill and for maintaining alignment of the cannulations in the drill and the access member. The access member is movable relative to the coupling member such that the access member can be secured to tissue while the coupling member maintains the alignment of the cannulations. A surgical kit includes a cannulated drill, a cannulated access member, a coupling member for coupling the access member to the drill, and a probe for receipt within the cannulated drill.

Description

SURGICAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR GUIDING AN ACCESS MEMBER
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention disclosure relates to surgical navigation.
SUMMARY
A method of surgical navigation into the brain includes establishing a trajectory through the skull into the brain to a target, drilling a hole in the skull using a drill, and verifying the trajectory of the drilled hole during drilling using image guidance.
Embodiments of this aspect may include one or more of the following features.
The image guidance is provided by a probe received by the drill. The probe is received in a lumen defined by the drill. The method includes placing an access member in the drilled hole, and verifying the trajectory of the access member during placement. The access member is placed using the drill, and the trajectory is verified using the probe received by the drill.
This disclosure relates to a guided system comprising an access member for establishing a trajectory to a target by securement to a tissue, wherein the guided system further comprises: a cannulated drill having a length; a coupling member for coupling the access member to the drill during securement of the access member to the tissue; and, a probe disposed within the cannulated drill and extending about half the length of the drill; wherein said probe is adapted to guide alignment of the access member to said trajectory.
Various embodiments of the claimed invention relate to a system comprising: a cannulated driver configured to drill a hole using a drill bit, a coupling rod, and a cannulated access member having, a body extending from a proximal end to a distal end, a first coupling mechanism at the proximal end configured to receive and secure the coupling rod received in a first lumen, and a second coupling at the distal end configured to be coupled to a bone of a patient and defining a second lumen aligned with the first lumen, wherein the first lumen and the second lumens are configured to receive and guide a medical device to the patient, wherein the coupling rod is configured for coupling the access member to the cannulated driver and for maintaining alignment of the cannulations in the cannulated driver and the access member, the access member being movable relative to the coupling rod such that the access member is securable to the bone while the coupling rod maintains the alignment of the cannulations.
Embodiments of this aspect may include one or more of the following features.
The system includes a probe for receipt within the cannulated driver. The system includes the drill bit.
A surgical kit includes a cannulated drill, a cannulated access member, a coupling member for coupling the access member to the drill, and a probe for receipt within the cannulated drill.
Embodiments of this aspect may also include a drill bit, a medical device, and/or a robot arm.
This disclosure relates to a system comprising: an access member having, a main body defining a first lumen extending from a proximal end to a distal end of the main body, the proximal end having a first coupling region and the distal end having a second coupling region; a clamping member coupled to the first coupling region and defining a second lumen aligned with the first lumen; and a collet at the proximal end of the main body configured to secure a device received in the first and second lumens;
wherein the second coupling region is configured to be coupled to a bone of a patient and the proximal end is configured to receive a medical device through the second lumen of the clamping member and the first lumen of the main body.
la DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a cannulated drill being used to place an access member in the skull under navigation guidance.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the access member.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a coupling member that couples the access member to the cannulated drill.
FIG. 4 shows the cannulated drill being used to drill a hole in a skull.
FIG. 5 shows the access member being used to position a medical device at a target site within the brain.
FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary disposable kit containing components of the system.
FIG. 7 illustrates a robot arm supporting the cannulated drill.

2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Various features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Fig. 1, an image-guided trajectory system 10 includes an access member 12 for establishing a set trajectory to a target site, a cannulated drill 14, and a coupling member rod 16 that couples the access member 12 to the carmulated drill 14 during securement of the access member 12 to a patient's skull 20. Also shown in Fig. 1 is a probe 18, for example, a BrainLab Probe (available from BrainLab Cranial Navigation System) or an Integra Probe (available from Integra LifeSciences), received within the drill 14 and extending about half-way down the length of the drill 14. The probe 18 is coupled to an image guidance system 19, for example, a BrainLab image guidance system or an Integra image guidance system, which tacks the trajectory of the probe 18 relative to images of a patient's brain.
The receipt of the probe 18 within the carmulated drill 14 during securement of the access member 12 to the skull 20 insures that the access member 12 establishes the desired trajectory to a target site.
Referring to Fig. 2, the access member 12 includes a main body 22 defining an internal lumen 24, and a clamping member 26 defining an internal lumen 28 aligned with lumen 24.
The main body 22 has a distal portion 30 with a threaded region 32 that engages the skull bone to secure the access member to the skull 20. Surrounding the distal portion 30 is a depth stop 34 that sets the depth to which the access member 12 is insertable into the skull. The main body 22 has a proximal portion 36 with two outwardly extending wings 38 that can be engaged by the operator's hand and turned to thread the access member 12 into the 2a skull. The main body 22 has a proximal portion 36 with two outwardly extending wings 38 that can be engaged by the operator's hand and turned to thread the access member 12 into the skull.
The clamping member 26 has a threaded extension 40 that is received by the proximal portion 36 of the main body 24 and is rotatable relative to the main body 24.
The clamping member 26 acts on a collet 42 located within proximal portion 36 such that rotation of the clamping member 26 causes the collet 42 to clamp onto and release the rod 16 (Fig. 3) received in the lumens 24 and 28.
Referring to Fig. 4, prior to securing the access member 12 to the skull 20, the operator uses the cannulated drill 14 to drill a pilot hole 60 in the skull 20. Using a drill bit 62 and with the probe 18 received within the drill 14, the operator drills the pilot hole 60 under image guidance such that the pilot hole 60 is aligned with a desired preplanned trajectory to a target set within the brain. Surrounding the drill bit 62 is a movable depth stop 64 that sets the depth to which the drill bit 62 is insertable into the skull.
After drilling the pilot hole, the operator replaces the drill bit 62 with the rod 16 and attached access member 12, a shown in Fig. 1. The rod 16 extends about 3.5 cm into the drill 14 and about 3.5 cm into the access member 12 to axially align the drill 14 and the access member 12. The operator places the access member 12 against the entrance to the pilot hole 60 and uses the probe 18 to align the access member 12 along the desired trajectory to the target site. The operator then loosens the collet 26 such that the access member 12 can be rotated relative to the rod 16 to advance the access member 12 into the skull 20. While the rod remains attached to the drill 14 and remains within the lumens 24, 28 during rotation of the access member 12, the rod 16 need not move, that is, is not rotated, during the advancement of the access member 12. While applying a force to the wings 38 to thread the access member 12 into the skull 20, the operator verifies the alignment of the access member 12 along the trajectory using probe 18 positioned within drill 14.
The operator then removes the drill 14 and rod 16 from the access member 12.
Referring to Fig. 5, the access member 12 now establishes a set trajectory for introduction of various medical devices 70, e.g., ventriculostomy catheters, other directed catheters for convection therapy, epilepsy depth electrodes, thermocoagulation probes, lesioning probes, stereotactic needles, and ablative probes, to the target site 72. The operator need only control

3 the depth of advancement of the medical device, which, in many cases, can be predetermined using navigation software.
To further increase the accuracy of the device placement through the access member 12, the drill 14 can directly hold the access member after securement of the access member to the skull 20, and the medical device can be passed through the drill and the access member to the target site.
A ctsTtrufinteti drill is available from Stryker (4200 Cordless Driver 2), and can be used with a step down chuck for holding the drill bit 62 and the rod. 16.
The various components of the image-guided trajectory system 10 can be sold as kits to 80 (Fig. 6), either disposable or non disposable, including one or more components of the system 10. For example, the eaimulated drill 14, the access member 12, the coupling member 16, and the drill bit 62 can be packaged together for sale as a disposable kit.
Alternatively, any combination of one or more of the four components can be packaged together for sale as a disposable kit, for example, just the access member 12, the coupling member 16, and the drill bit 62 can be packaged together, the access member 12 and the coupling member 1.6 can be packaged together, etc. The probe 18 can also be included in any of the various combinations of disposable kits described above, for example, a disposable Et can include the probe 18, drill 14, access member 12, and coupling member 16. Furthermore, one or more medical devices 70 can be included in any of the various combinations of disposable kits, including kits with the probe 18. All of the components need not be disposable. The various components can be sold as a system with the image guidance system 19.
Referring to Fig. 7, the (-Annulated chill 14 can be supported during use by a robot arm 82, for example, a BrainLab robot ann. The robot arm 82 can. be manipulated to fix the position of the cannuintrvi drill 14 in a selected stis The robot arm 82 is preferably supported by a device 84, for example, a Mayfield head holder, used. to fixate the head. The robot arm 82 can be included in any of the kit configurations described above.
Various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
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Claims (15)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A system comprising:
a cannulated driver configured to drill a hole using a drill bit, a coupling rod, and a cannulated access member having, a body extending from a proximal end to a distal end, a first coupling mechanism at the proximal end configured to receive and secure the coupling rod received in a first lumen, and a second coupling at the distal end configured to be coupled to a bone of a patient and defining a second lumen aligned with the first lumen, wherein the first lumen and the second lumens are configured to receive and guide a medical device to the patient, wherein the coupling rod is configured for coupling the access member to the cannulated driver and for maintaining alignment of the cannulations in the cannulated driver and the access member, the access member being movable relative to the coupling rod such that the access member is securable to the bone while the coupling rod maintains the alignment of the cannulations.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a probe for receipt within the cannulated driver.

3. The system of claim 1 or 2, further comprising the drill bit.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein said drill bit is adapted for drilling a pilot hole into said bone.

5. The system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said coupling rod maintains alignment of the cannulated driver with the first and second lumens in the access member.

6. The system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said access member comprises the body having a proximal portion with two outwardly extending wings for facilitating advancing of said access member towards a target.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein said body has a distal portion surrounded by a depth stop, said depth stop being adapted for setting the depth to which the access member is insertable into said target.

8. The system of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said first coupling mechanism comprises a clamping member for clamping onto a device received within the first lumen in the clamping member.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein said clamping member comprises a threaded extension to be received by a proximal portion of the body of said access member and is rotatable relative to said main body.

10. The system of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a medical device for introduction to the target through said access member.

11. The system of claim 10, operable by navigation software determines depth of advancement of the medical device.

12. The system of claim 10 or 11, wherein said medical device comprises a ventriculostomy catheter, convertion therapy catheter, epilepsy depth electrode, thermocoagulation probe, lesioning probe, stereotactic needle or ablative probe.

13. The system of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein said probe is coupled to an image-guidance system.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein said image-guidance system tracks a trajectory of the probe relative to images of a patient.

15. The system of any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising a robot arm for supporting the cannulated driver.